Ecological situation of the native land. Extra-curricular event "ecology of the native land". Ecology project

Ecology and us

Security and rational use flora and fauna.

Done: student

9th grade MOUOO

schools in Yusupovo

Tagirova Fluza

leader: teacher

Russian language MOUOO

Schools in Yusupovo

Nigamaeva E.A.

Plan

1. Live nature- the main asset of the Earth.

2. Vegetable world and plant resources.

3. Relationship between flora and fauna.

4. Take care of nature!

Living nature is the main asset of our Earth; human society has developed in its bowels and exists at its expense. It satisfies our nutritional needs and provides the main conditions for the life of people on the planet - the composition of the air environment, protection from cosmic radiation, the purity of water, soil fertility, and climate mitigation.

For humans, the plant world acts as plant resources. These resources, especially forests, are significant in Bashkortostan. Forests occupy about 39% of the region's territory. In neighboring Tatarstan, the area of ​​forests is only 17% of the territory. Timber reserves allow the development of forestry, wood-chemical and other industries.

The water protection role of forests is very important. They accumulate more snow, which feeds the rivers. Especially important for us are mountain forests that feed rivers and protect mountain slopes from erosion. If the forests are depleted, then irreparable damage can be done not only to Bashkortostan, but also to neighboring regions, since the rivers flowing to the plains will dry up.

Forests are the source of life for numerous herbivorous animals, in close connection with which there are also predatory animals.

Of the negative qualities that somewhat reduce the value of the republic's forest resources, we note their uneven distribution. About 70% of the forest area falls on Gorny Bashkortostan, where the forest cover reaches more than 80%. As a result of intensive deforestation, the forest area of ​​Bashkortostan has halved over the past century. The steppe vegetation was damaged due to plowing. The steppe areas also suffer from excessive grazing.

Various animals inhabiting the territory of the republic represent animal resources for us. Like vegetation, animal world severely debilitated. Wild horses, saigas, beavers, and red deer have long since disappeared. The number of bear, otter, mink has decreased. It is sometimes believed that predatory animals bring harm.

Consider the opposite - the positive impact of man on the flora and fauna. This impact is expressed in the protection, rational use and replenishment of plants and animals. Much has been and is being done in this direction.

1. Three reserves have been created - Bashkir State Reserve, Shulgantash and South Ural. These reserves are protected rare species animals and plants.

2. Organized 15 state hunting reserves and 12 reserves for the protection of medicinal plants. 148 natural sites have been declared natural monuments.

3. The protection and restoration of forests are being decided - field-protective forest plantations are being created, forest plantations are being carried out, work is underway to prevent forest fires, school forestries and green patrols are being created.

4. Much has been done to protect and replenish animals: valuable animals have been settled - American mink, red deer, muskrat, muskrat, river beaver. The elk population is growing.

5. Many animals are taken under protection, for example Brown bear, deer, roe deer, etc.

6. Stocking of lakes, reservoirs and ponds is carried out.

7. There is a fight against poachers who violate the terms and places of hunting, as well as fishing.

There is much more to be done. It is necessary to abandon the consumer attitude to forest resources. In this case, one should note the principle "as much as you need" on the other - "as much as possible". forest resources are called renewable and exhaustible. We can harvest wood only within the limits of the annual growth of forests, and not as much as you need. "Cut down a tree, plant two," foresters say, but, unfortunately, so far an average of 20,000 hectares are planted in the republic, and 27,000 hectares are cut down.

All our activities will help the wildlife of the region well only if each of us is firmly aware of the importance of caring for the forest, meadows, birds, and animals. Communicating with nature, convince yourself: "This is our common, and therefore my forest, my river, lake. I must protect all this. Who will save this world if not me."

Life practice itself suggests: the ecology of nature without the ecology of the soul is unthinkable. We are terribly destroying the vegetation cover of the earth, proud and independent animals, all the beauty that only holds life.

Nature appears before us in all its beauty and grandeur. We admire her, she disinterestedly gives us joy.

But why, then, are there guys who destroy bird nests, clog springs or rivers, break trees? And then they brutally deal with a cat or a dog ...

How should we educate the current rising generation, the generation of the 21st century? How to develop environmental consciousness, careful attitude to nature? This difficult task. It is not so to develop ecological habits in a person. After all, we do not understand the behavior of those who pluck a flower and do not think about the fact that this flower is dying. What needs to be done so that forests, fields, rivers, our smaller brothers, animals and birds, do not suffer from the cruel hands of poachers? How to stop from ill-conceived actions? In the end, the human being, a part of nature, will suffer.

What ways, forms and methods are used to educate a person who is not indifferent, who will be a real watchman and master of the natural riches of our planet?

Those who forgive should receive answers to questions: why you can’t throw garbage wherever you can light a fire in the forest, why you need to plant flowers and why you can’t break tree branches, and others.

Dear children and guests! Our conference is dedicated to one of the most topical issues of our time, the relationship of man with nature. (tell 1 sheet and abstract).

Your attention is invited to speak on the following topics: Ecological state oil industry in our region, Protection and rational use of flora and fauna, Ecological problems of our region, Protection of the ecological environment is everyone's business.

Literature

1. V.N. Kuznetsov. "Ecology of Russia" Reader. JSC "MDS"

Page 4-5.

2. Khismatov M.F., Sukhov V.P. "Geography of Bashkortostan". Textbook for 9th grade. - Ufa: Kitap. Page 41-43.

Description of the presentation on individual slides:

1 slide

Description of the slide:

Social project "Ecology native land» Completed by a student of the 6th grade of the MBOU "Zaboriyevskaya secondary school" Khromov Daniil Head Kulikova Irina Nikolaevna

2 slide

Description of the slide:

The existence of civilization on our planet is inextricably linked with natural conditions. Human activities have an increasingly tangible impact on the environment, which has led to the formation and deepening of numerous environmental problems. In order to draw public attention to the issues environmental development Russian Federation, conservation of biological diversity and ensuring environmental safety, by decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, 2017 was declared the Year of Ecology and Specially Protected natural areas Russia.

3 slide

Description of the slide:

What is Ecology? The term "ecology" first appeared in the scientific community in 1866. Then this word was proposed to be called the branch of science that studies the existence of various communities of living beings interacting with each other and with their environment. natural environment. In 1990, at the International Congress of Ecologists, a definition was given: Ecology is a science that studies the interaction of living and inanimate nature.

4 slide

Description of the slide:

Ecological problems Forests enrich the atmosphere with oxygen, which is so necessary for life, and absorb carbon dioxide. They play a major role in the water cycle. The trees are lifting The groundwater, enriching soils and keeping them from desertification and erosion - it is not for nothing that rivers instantly become shallow during deforestation. According to the reports of the Food and agriculture The UN, annually loses 13 million hectares of forest, while only 6 hectares grow. Deforestation

5 slide

Description of the slide:

Depletion of the Ozone Layer Ozone is a form of oxygen found in the stratosphere, approximately 12 to 50 kilometers from Earth. For many centuries, people did not suspect the existence of ozone, but their activity adversely affected the state of the atmosphere. IN this moment scientists talk about such a problem as ozone holes. The depletion of oxygen modification occurs for a variety of reasons: launching rockets and satellites into space; operation of air transport at an altitude of 12-16 kilometers; freon emissions into the air.

6 slide

Description of the slide:

According to experts, 10-15 thousand species of organisms disappear annually. Impoverishment species composition flora and fauna significantly reduces the stability of ecosystems and the biosphere as a whole, which also poses a serious danger to humanity. The process of biodiversity reduction is characterized by an avalanche-like acceleration. As of 2000, 415 species of animals are listed in the Red Book of Russia. This list of animals last years increased by half and continues to grow. Humanity as a species with huge numbers and habitat does not leave suitable habitat for other species Decreasing biodiversity

7 slide

Description of the slide:

Water pollution Humans have used every river as a sewer for centuries. The greatest danger to the hydrosphere arose in the 20th century with the advent of major cities and industrial development. Despite the treatment facilities that are able to prevent the transformation of a river or lake into a fetid slurry, they are not able to return the water to its former natural purity: the growing volumes of industrial effluents and solid waste, soluble in water, are stronger than the most powerful treatment units. About half of the people in developing countries do not have access to sources pure water, is forced to drink contaminated with pathogenic microbes and is therefore doomed to premature death from epidemic diseases.

8 slide

Description of the slide:

Today, oil, as an energy resource, is one of the main factors in the development of the economy. But oil production, its transportation and processing are invariably accompanied by its losses, emissions and discharges. harmful substances resulting in pollution environment. In terms of scale and degree of toxicity, oil pollution is a planetary danger. Oil and oil products cause poisoning, death of organisms and soil degradation. Natural self-purification of natural objects from oil pollution is a long process, especially under conditions low temperatures. The enterprises of the fuel and energy complex are the largest source of environmental pollutants in the industry. oil pollution

9 slide

Description of the slide:

The soil is the custodian of fertility and life on Earth. It takes 100 years to form its layer 1 cm thick. But it can be lost in just one season of man's thoughtless exploitation of the earth. One of the modern environmental problems of the planet is land degradation. Under this concept are collected all the processes that change the state of the soil, worsen its functions, which leads to the loss of fertility. There are several types of degradation at the moment: desertification; salinity; erosion; pollution waterlogging; depletion of the land as a result of its long-term use. land degradation

10 slide

Description of the slide:

Currently, the problem of waste, due to its scale, is particularly relevant. When producing a product, we should take into account not only its consumer benefits, but also its environmental impact during production and disposal. Today, humanity has accumulated so much waste that it is seriously faced with the problem of their disposal. Wastes are substances or wastes that have lost their consumer properties and cannot be used. For the safe handling of waste, a waste classification has been developed. Most substances can be used, the limitation of unsuitability is economic feasibility and the lack of advanced technology. The garbage we throw away can be a valuable resource if we understand how cheap it is to recycle it. Waste

11 slide

Description of the slide:

The earth cannot support a huge number of people. According to scientists, 500 thousand is the maximum allowable number of people for our planet. Today, this limit figure has been exceeded 12 times, and according to scientists' forecasts, by 2100 it may almost double. But the growth in the number of people is also an increase in the use of natural resources, an increase in areas for agricultural and industrial needs, an increase in the amount of harmful emissions, an increase in the amount of household waste and areas for their storage, an increase in the intensity of human expansion into nature and an increase in the intensity of the destruction of natural biodiversity. Mankind today is simply obliged to restrain its growth rates, to rethink its role in ecological system planets, and to undertake the construction of human civilization on the basis of a harmless and meaningful existence, and not on the basis of animal instincts of absorption. overpopulation

12 slide

Description of the slide:

13 slide

Description of the slide:

Ecological problems Ryazan region. The Ryazan region is located in the center of the West European Plain, on the ancient Russian platform, has a flat relief. In the north - the Meshcherskaya lowland, in the west - the spurs of the Central Russian Upland (height up to 236 m). Its territory is well watered and populated. The Oka River divides it into two parts: northern - forest and southern, including zones deciduous forests forest-steppe.

14 slide

Description of the slide:

Ecological problems of the Ryazan region. The region is an old industrial region with a diversified complex. In the industry structure industrial production a large share falls on mechanical engineering and metalworking, significant shares are oil refining, electric power, production building materials And food industry. The most important industries are oil refining and electric power industry. The production of building materials (Mikhailovsky cement plant of the Eurocement group, Skopinsky glass plant), the production of leather and its processing (JSC Safyan), non-ferrous (Kasimov, Ryazan and Skopin) and powder metallurgy, the production of chemical fibers are developed. Developed industry creates environmental hazard in area.

15 slide

Description of the slide:

Ecological problems of the Ryazan region. Consider the most acute environmental problems of the Ryazan region. Pollution atmospheric air. Emissions industrial enterprises, transport emissions, cinders from forest and peat fires in summer period pollute the atmosphere. The ecology of the region suffers from forest fires, which are caused by rich peat deposits in the region. About 14% of the territory of the Ryazan region was affected due to an accident at Chernobyl nuclear power plant. This part of the region has an increased radioactive background. Rich reserves in the area drinking water, but, unfortunately, the water in them is of poor drinking quality. Due to unauthorized cutting down of waterproof forests, the water level in the Oka River has dropped significantly. For this reason, some sections of the river became impossible to use for the passage of ships. The problem of waste disposal. There is a system of specially protected territories on the territory of the region. Which includes: Oksky Nature Reserve, Meshchersky Park, Ryazansky Reserve and others natural objects.

16 slide

Description of the slide:

At first glance, this is a quiet and unwise land under a dim sky. But the more you get to know it, the more, almost to the point of pain in your heart, you begin to love this ordinary land. And if I have to defend my country, then somewhere in the depths of my heart I will know that I am also defending this piece of land, which taught me to see and understand the beautiful, no matter how ordinary-looking it may be - this forest pensive land, love for which will not be forgotten, just as the first love is never forgotten Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky (1892-1968) Meshchera region

17 slide

Description of the slide:

Paustovsky Path In November 2016, the students of our school took part in the launch of the regional social project "K.G. Paustovsky Path", aimed at familiarizing young people with the literary and artistic heritage of the Ryazan region.

18 slide

Description of the slide:

Ecological problems of our native land We were lucky to be born and live in this land of forest lakes and swamps, quiet and leisurely rivers, endless forests with their mushrooms and berries.

19 slide

Description of the slide:

Ecological problems of the native land Unfortunately, our wonderful land has not escaped environmental problems. A large number of household waste today is taken to unorganized landfills, in woodlands. This is due to the elementary lack of the required number of authorized places for waste disposal and low level coverage of the population with organized waste collection systems. In recent years, the number of identified unorganized garbage dumps has increased.

20 slide

Description of the slide:

Ecological problems of the native land Picturesque corners of nature have become a favorite vacation spot. The problem of forest conservation is especially acute in places of mass suburban recreation (lakes near the village of Laskovo). Changes natural complexes arise from trampling undergrowth, compacting the soil and destroying flowering and medicinal plants, pollution of forest lands, which is also a fairly common problem in the Ryazan region.

21 slide

Description of the slide:

Ecological problems of the native land Huge damage to the ecology of the Ryazan region was caused by fires in the summer of 2010. Was Became

22 slide

Description of the slide:

Ecological problems of the native land Not only forests suffered in a terrible ecological disaster, several villages of the Ryazan region burned down, namely the village of Peredeltsy, Laskovsky village, and also a small part of the village of Kriusha.

23 slide

Description of the slide:

Ecological problems of the native land. The negative consequences of a fire are enormous. It destroys trees, grass cover, animals and birds. A forest damaged by fire loses water protection, field protection and other functions. It creates favorable conditions for the mass reproduction of harmful insects and the spread of fungal diseases. On forest fires, a different type of vegetation is formed, which leads to a change in the animal population. The hunting and fishing fauna bears great losses, and by-products of the forest (mushrooms, berries, medicinal plants) perish.

24 slide

Description of the slide:

Ecological problems of the native land. First of all, we need to start fighting not with the consequences, but with the causes of the environmental problem. For this, more attention should be paid to environmental education, especially among adolescents. Our students are actively involved in various environmental actions organized by the Ryazan region. So, during the fire hazard period, the volunteer detachment participates in patrolling recreation areas on the territory of the Urzhinskoye, Segdenskoye and Laskovskoye lakes. During the work, volunteers hand out leaflets and talk to vacationers about compliance with safety rules in forest areas.

V.I. Litvinova MDOU Kindergarten of a general developmental type No. 11, Tomsk
The word "ecology" has firmly entered our lives. We are witnessing the greening of all spheres of life, it includes different aspects- philosophical, economic, geographical, social, ethical, etc. From here came the ecology of the native land, region, city, home, soul, "ecological passport", "ecologically clean products", etc. Let's remember what ecology is. "Eco" is what is outside, around us. There is a translation from Greek: "oikos" - house, dwelling, residence and "logia" - I study. Ecology is the science of the relationship of organisms and the communities they form with each other and with the environment. Simply put, ecology is the study of the environment that surrounds any Living being, including a person, and the term itself has a broader meaning.
IN Lately there have been many publications environmental theme, including about Tomsk region. This material can be used to work with children in ecology classes, because Tomsk is our habitat, which means that we are affected by the state of nature in the Tomsk region. Tomsk environmentalists offer many ways to protect nature. For example, one of the measures to improve the environment is the improvement and landscaping of populated areas - the creation of parks, squares, gardens, boulevards, street and intra-quarter landscaping, protective green areas around industrial enterprises. Necessary and species diversity plantations. This is taken care of by Gorzelenkhoz, "Botanical Garden", flower growers. The city is becoming more beautiful every year. How to protect the work of people from vandalism? One way out is to educate people with beauty.
The balance in nature is easily disturbed, the life of living beings is very fragile. We see this in our lives too: people get sick because of air and water pollution. Natural resources exhausted. How to save what little is left? How to rationally use? How to maintain and improve your habitat? Knowledge about this should be given to children accessible to their sensual, emotional and mental development. It is necessary to establish a basic minimum of environmental knowledge for subsequent environmental education at school.
For several years I have been developing the topic: "Ecology of the native land." The Tomsk region has many natural areas, minerals, a diverse world of plants and animals. You can find many topics for environmental research in the classroom with children. For example, in the Tomsk region there are many deposits of clay, sand, gravel. You can explore the properties of these objects of inanimate nature to your heart's content - and sculpt from clay, and play with water at the fountain, and "catch" air in soap bubbles, and try to grind stones, imitating a tidal wave, and you can make "cakes" from sand all year round- there is a special sandbox table for this. For all these experiments there is a lot of space in the Winter Garden, not every teacher wants to arrange "such" in a group room. In my work, I use the programs of S.N. Nikolaeva, N.A. Ryzhova,
N. Kondratyeva (program "We"), other environmental manuals adapted for work in the Winter Garden. Some of the best, in my opinion, are Ecology for Children, Ecolobok, Murzilka by L.N. Erdakova. His habitat publications are very helpful in my work. The topics presented in his manuals can be developed endlessly, there are no indifferent children in the classroom. Classes are held in the Winter Garden, on the sites of the preschool educational institution. The territory of the preschool educational institution is very interesting: there are small fragments of "wild" nature, there are several pine trees, under which oil plants grow every year, there is a plot with birch trees and a small lawn where either boletus, then whites, then russula or pigs grow. These topics, of course, are also used in the classroom. The Winter Garden presents different types indoor plants, there is a "Live Corner" where a hedgehog lives, guinea pig, rabbit, hamster, turtles, parrots, fish, snails and other living creatures. Situations with animals are played out in the classroom: you can’t bring hedgehogs from the forest, because we won’t be able to find many insects for them to eat, hedgehogs sleep in winter, and it’s hot and noisy in the Winter Garden - you won’t fall asleep. We are trying to force children to behave quietly, because the Winter Garden is small forest, all animals and insects (spiders, snails, etc.) will hide from the noise, and they will not see anyone. Children are proud of the Winter Garden, it can be seen when they bring their parents and show them their favorite animal.
The entire program "Ecology of the Native Land" is divided into blocks:
"Inanimate nature". This includes topics: "Water", "Air", "Soil", "Stones and minerals", "Cosmic bodies", "Sun", "Moon", "Constellations and moon calendar"Space travel".
II. "Living nature and its relationship with non-living". Here we are introduced to biological objects Tomsk region, the city, the Winter Garden, their life cycles; freshwater ecosystems, swamps, taiga, and other forests. During the school year
a lot of practical work in the Winter Garden for caring for animals and plants, planting plants for themselves, for kindergarten, landscaping the territory of the preschool educational institution. This includes the theme "Man as a Living Being".
"The Ecology of Our Environment". Here we carry out environmental studies of the city, kindergarten, at home, work with the "Ecological Passport", "Red Book", we talk about nature protection.
"Our planet is in danger." Here we are talking about pollution of water, air, soil; about human behavior in nature, on the street, at home; carry out environmental activities, holidays and entertainment.
Children in the classroom learn about the ecosystems of the Tomsk region, other regions of Siberia and the globe, because it's no secret to anyone that no matter where we live, we still influence the nature of the whole world. Recently, scientists and advanced people of our time have been writing about this more and more often. The aggravation of environmental problems in our country and abroad endangers the existence of people all over the world. Already not only the nature of the Earth requires protection, but also humanity - as a part of this nature. Need intensive educational work on the formation of an ecological culture of nature management among the population. In the education system, the foundations of ecological consciousness and culture are laid in preschool childhood. But the existing programs are mainly familiarization with the outside world. Teachers form in children a humane attitude towards living beings, this is, of course, a positive attitude towards nature, but already insufficient. We need an urgent change in people's consciousness and attitude to nature.
A few years ago, the "Red Book of the Tomsk Region" came out of print. This is an official reference book compiled by Tomsk ecologists. It turns out that 180 rare and endangered species of animals, plants, fungi need protection on the territory of the Tomsk region due to the reduction in their numbers as a result of human activity, and some species may disappear. Despite the various activities for the conservation of the nature of the Tomsk region, carried out by the employees of "Oblkompriroda", environmental organizations and the "Society for the Protection of Nature", the culture of the population is low. There are many examples of this, we will not dwell on them now.
Preschool childhood is the beginning of the formation of a person's personality, his attitude to himself and to the world around him. How small man learn to relate to the world around him, so in adult life will apply the acquired knowledge. Children are instinctively drawn to nature, to living beings. During this period of their development, they learn everything with their sense organs, they try to realize what is. Therefore, it is important to form in children a consciously correct attitude towards natural objects and phenomena that surround it. It's hard to love something you don't know. The more children learn about the natural objects of our city, region, the more carefully they will treat them, the better they will begin to understand their needs for a clean and healthy environment and food. The role of the teacher is important here - how he will present this knowledge, this knowledge will remain so, if not in the memory of the child, then somewhere in the subconscious. Our children now have a beneficial time to become aware of themselves in the world around them, when they grow up, they will have responsibilities, schooling, work, hobbies. Classes are held different ways: this is a conversation, and practical exercises, and observation, and communication with living objects. Children discuss in the classroom what house they would like to live in, what kind of yard should be near the house, what apartment, etc. During such a conversation, it is not the teacher who teaches the children how and where to live, but the children express their inner desire, the need for an environmentally friendly , aesthetic and harmonious with the nature of life. Children learn not to thoughtlessly relate to the things of nature and everyday life around them, but to find the expediency of their use, for example: to plant trees in the city for clean air; old things that are still fit to wear can be given to others; plastic utensils can be reused, etc. Children acquire practical skills and abilities. For example, plant seeds are sown. First they learn that a small plant is "sleeping" inside; then - how to "wake up" and grow it - warm it with your hands, plant it in the ground, water it, put it in the light warm place, and if you do it wrong, then the seed will not wake up. Children in the classroom get acquainted with the life of natural objects, for example, with the life of trees. How they grow, grow old, what happens to them when they grow old and fall to the ground. You can touch the trees, they are warm even in winter. The tree can help difficult moments life: poplar will take away sadness, birch will give joy, heal. The child learns to find help from plants. "Look at the flower, be surprised, rejoice" - these words can help us too. Thus, a harmonious relationship is established between the child and nature. There is education through natural objects: what a beautiful moss, a bump under our feet - we won’t take it, let them stay here, they are beautiful here, here they are in place, this is someone’s home, someone’s food. Everything in nature is expedient, if you remove one link in the food chain, then an ecological catastrophe can occur. In the process of communicating with living beings, it is restored peace of mind, child health. It is especially interesting for children to get acquainted with natural areas Tomsk region - their eyes light up. If you are attentive, you can see a lot and learn about what is not somewhere in Africa, but not far away, in a neighboring forest, for example, you can see a ferret, a hare. Children begin to fantasize, including themselves in various situations. This is a kind of training of correct ecological behavior.
Or work with the "Environmental Passport" - it shows all the trees and shrubs growing on the plots of the preschool educational institution, the icons of birds, insects, plants and other living creatures that live or sometimes appear on the territory of the kindergarten. Children suggest which bird or bug still needs to be marked on the "Environmental Passport".
Parents help introduce children to unique places cities, regions - these are wildlife sanctuaries, specially protected territories, natural monuments (lakes, springs, etc.), Siberian Botanical Garden, university grove, then talk about their trips. Together we discuss how to have a good rest in nature and not harm it. These are traditional resting places for Tomsk residents, gathering wild plants. No police, no environmental inspections will be enough to protect these places. We need the good will of people, ecological culture
tour and ecological outlook. How we coped with this task will be shown in the near future.
As a result of four years environmental education and education, children must distinguish living nature from non-living; know about the life and needs of living organisms, about the ecosystems of the Tomsk region; learn to humanely treat the animals of the corner of nature, take care of the plants of the Winter Garden; have an elementary ecological culture: do not throw garbage, do not break trees, etc.

Olga Evdokimova

PROJECT ON ECOLOGY

"We and our grandchildren 2015» .

MBDOU kindergarten №47

Vladikavkaz

Senior group.

Educator of the first qualification category

Evdokimova Olga B.

Type project: information and creative.

Members project: children senior group, educator, parents.

Implementation period: short term.

Relevance project: Subject project« Ecology of the native land» .

IN modern conditions problem ecological education of preschoolers acquires special urgency and relevance. It is during preschool childhood that the formation human personality, the formation of the beginnings ecological culture. Therefore, it is very important to awaken in children an interest in wildlife, to cultivate love for it, to teach how to protect the world around us.

Target: Introduce children to nature native land. Formation of children's cognitive interest in nature native land, prerequisites ecological consciousness, organizations creative activity. The belief that the beauty of nature is priceless, so it must be protected.

Tasks:

Systematize knowledge about the environment.

To form elementary ideas about the relationships in nature.

Cultivate a love for nature native land perception of its beauty and diversity.

To develop the search and research activities of children.

To expand and systematize knowledge about the flora and fauna of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.

To develop a cognitive interest in the objects of the world around us through reading poems about nature, through practical activities.

Develop coherent speech, enrich children's vocabulary, figurative and variative thinking, fantasy, imagination, and creativity.

Expected results project:

Expansion of knowledge about the flora and fauna of our republic.

They will take care of nature, master the skills environmentally safe behavior in nature.

A desire to study objects of nature will be formed.

They will learn to observe individual objects of nature, to conduct simple studies of inanimate nature.

The development of curiosity in children creativity, cognitive activity, communication skills.

An object project activities:

Developing environment and work with pupils, as the basis for the involvement of senior pupils preschool age To ecological culture of the native land.

Item project activities:

The system of work aimed at the formation ecological consciousness and enrichment of knowledge of children of senior preschool age with native land, taking into account the leading principles of local history and consistency, taking into account the regional component, allows you to improve ecological work at the senior preschool age.

Stage 1 project - preparatory.

Development of an implementation strategy project;

Goal setting and task development;

Selection methodological material, development of abstracts of classes, excursions, observations;

Creation of a subject-developing environment (manuals, visual aids, photo albums).

Block "Ossetia is the most, the most". (The nature of North Ossetia and its uniqueness).

2. Block "Pirod of Ossetia".

(knowledge about nature, interconnection, diversity of the plant world).

3. Block "Animals of our the edges» .

(knowledge about typical representatives of our the edges, their adaptation to the environment; show food chains, adaptation to habitat changes).

4. Block "Let's Protect Nature".

(Problems ecology, protection).

Stage 2 project - main.

Learning poems about nature native land;

Target: Active participation children in activities environmental education.

Using verbal methods.

Conversations about the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (acquaintance of pupils with legends, fairy tales, stories, poems about our region).

Audio recordings about nature and wildlife - fixing the voices of animals and natural noises(noise of the forest, voices of birds, animals). Games "Learn by the voice of the birds",

Upbringing ecological culture of pupils and respect for nature compiling a fairy tale on topic: "Forest in Trouble".

Reading fiction and educational literature - the search for new knowledge (about wild animals, about wintering birds, etc.)

Using methods of experimentation and modeling.

Experimenting with natural material - development cognitive activity natural material(volcano).

Creating layouts is a productive activity, using it in experiments.

Practical methods.

"Best feeder"

, "The Complaint Book of Nature"- Compilation of creative stories of pupils. Participation in subbotniks, in gardening of sites.

Creation of herbariums - search activity, consolidation of knowledge about plants, rules of behavior with plants. Drafting herbaria: "Trees of Ossetia". "Flowers and herbs of Ossetia".

visual methods.

Examination of illustrations, postcards, photographs - to convey to the pupils all the beauty of our the edges. "Nature of Ossetia", "Rivers of Ossetia".

Creating zones ecological environment.

Corner of educational literature (encyclopedias, fairy tales, legends, poems).

Mini-museum "My Ossetia". Photo albums, sets of postcards, booklets.

Ecological mini-laboratory. Experimental cups, filter paper, food coloring, magnifiers, natural material : pebbles, sand, leaves, branches, cones).

Working with parents.

Conversations between parents and children about nature native land.

Assistance in compiling herbariums.

Participation in equipping the mini-museum.

Replenishment of artistic and scientific literature.

Doing homework (writing stories, natural crafts) .

Stage 3 project - final.

Quiz « Native love your land and know!

Exhibition of products of children's activities (drawings).

Creation of a mini-museum "Gifts of Nature".

I. Block "Ossetia The most, the most".

1. Reveal children's ideas about nature the edges, its uniqueness.

a) Why is it unique?

b) What do you know about Ossetia?

II. Block "Animal world".

1. Reveal children's ideas about insects and birds.

a) What birds and insects move through the air?

b) Determine the essential features of birds.

c) Name the signs of insects.

d) What do birds and insects eat?

2. Reveal ideas about the animals of Ossetia.

a) What animals do you know?

b) What do they eat?

c) Which animals go into hibernation?

d) What animals change their fur coat?

3. Reveal ideas about river inhabitants.

a) Who lives in the rivers?

b) Who eats fish?

c) What fish live in the rivers of Ossetia?

d) Determine the essential features of fish (scales, fins, gills, caviar, body shape).

e) Can fish live without water?

III. Block "Vegetable world".

1. Reveal ideas about trees.

b) What are the trees and their characteristics?

2. Reveal the concept of flowers and herbs.

a) What flowers do you know?

c) Where do flowers grow?

Literature

1. E. I. Zolotova, "Introducing preschoolers to the world of animals"/ Under the editorship of N. F. Vinogradova. M.: "Education", 1988

2. Ivanova A. I. “Method of organization environmental observations and experiments in kindergarten". Allowance for employees of preschool institutions. Sphere, 2003.

3. N. A. Ryzhova, Loginova L. "Mini Museum in Kindergarten". – M: 2008

4. N. A. Ryzhova « ecological education in kindergarten "Karapuz" M.: 2001.

Ecology and us

Protection and rational use of flora and fauna.

Done: student

9th grade MOUOO

schools in Yusupovo

Tagirova Fluza

leader: teacher

Russian language MOUOO

Schools in Yusupovo

Nigamaeva E.A.

Plan

1. Wildlife is the main asset of the Earth.

2. Flora and plant resources.

3. Relationship between flora and fauna.

4. Take care of nature!

Living nature is the main asset of our Earth; human society has developed in its bowels and exists at its expense. It satisfies our nutritional needs and provides the main conditions for the life of people on the planet - the composition of the air environment, protection from cosmic radiation, the purity of water, soil fertility, and climate mitigation.

For humans, the plant world acts as plant resources. These resources, especially forests, are significant in Bashkortostan. Forests occupy about 39% of the region's territory. In neighboring Tatarstan, the area of ​​forests is only 17% of the territory. Timber reserves allow the development of forestry, wood-chemical and other industries.

The water protection role of forests is very important. They accumulate more snow, which feeds the rivers. Especially important for us are mountain forests that feed rivers and protect mountain slopes from erosion. If the forests are depleted, then irreparable damage can be done not only to Bashkortostan, but also to neighboring regions, since the rivers flowing to the plains will dry up.

Forests are the source of life for numerous herbivorous animals, in close connection with which there are also predatory animals.

Of the negative qualities that somewhat reduce the value of the republic's forest resources, we note their uneven distribution. About 70% of the forest area falls on Gorny Bashkortostan, where the forest cover reaches more than 80%. As a result of intensive deforestation, the forest area of ​​Bashkortostan has halved over the past century. The steppe vegetation was damaged due to plowing. The steppe areas also suffer from excessive grazing.

Various animals inhabiting the territory of the republic represent animal resources for us. Like vegetation, the animal world is significantly depleted by man. Wild horses, saigas, beavers, and red deer have long since disappeared. The number of bear, otter, mink has decreased. It is sometimes believed that predatory animals bring harm.

Consider the opposite - the positive impact of man on the flora and fauna. This impact is expressed in the protection, rational use and replenishment of plants and animals. Much has been and is being done in this direction.

1. Three reserves have been created - the Bashkir State Reserve, Shulgantash and Yuzhno-Uralsky. Rare species of animals and plants are protected on the territory of these reserves.

2. Organized 15 state hunting reserves and 12 reserves for the protection of medicinal plants. 148 natural sites have been declared natural monuments.

3. Protection and restoration of forests are being decided - field-protective forest plantations are being created, forest plantations are being carried out, work is underway to prevent forest fires, school forestries and green patrols are being created.

4. Much has been done to protect and replenish animals: valuable animals have been settled - American mink, red deer, muskrat, muskrat, river beaver. The elk population is growing.

5. Many animals are taken under protection, for example, brown bear, maral, roe deer, etc.

6. Stocking of lakes, reservoirs and ponds is carried out.

7. There is a fight against poachers who violate the terms and places of hunting, as well as fishing.

There is much more to be done. It is necessary to abandon the consumer attitude to forest resources. In this case, one should note the principle "as much as you need" on the other - "as much as possible". Forest resources are called renewable and exhaustible. We can harvest wood only within the limits of the annual growth of forests, and not as much as you need. "Cut down a tree, plant two," foresters say, but, unfortunately, so far an average of 20,000 hectares are planted in the republic, and 27,000 hectares are cut down.

All our activities will help the wildlife of the region well only if each of us is firmly aware of the importance of caring for the forest, meadows, birds, and animals. Communicating with nature, convince yourself: "This is our common, and therefore my forest, my river, lake. I must protect all this. Who will save this world if not me."

Life practice itself suggests: the ecology of nature without the ecology of the soul is unthinkable. We are terribly destroying the vegetation cover of the earth, proud and independent animals, all the beauty that only holds life.

Nature appears before us in all its beauty and grandeur. We admire her, she disinterestedly gives us joy.

But why, then, are there guys who destroy bird nests, clog springs or rivers, break trees? And then they brutally deal with a cat or a dog ...

How should we educate the current rising generation, the generation of the 21st century? How to develop ecological awareness, respect for nature? This is a difficult task. It is not so to develop ecological habits in a person. After all, we do not understand the behavior of those who pluck a flower and do not think about the fact that this flower is dying. What needs to be done so that forests, fields, rivers, our smaller brothers, animals and birds, do not suffer from the cruel hands of poachers? How to stop from ill-conceived actions? In the end, the human being, a part of nature, will suffer.

What ways, forms and methods are used to educate a person who is not indifferent, who will be a real watchman and master of the natural riches of our planet?

Those who forgive should receive answers to questions: why you can’t throw garbage wherever you can light a fire in the forest, why you need to plant flowers and why you can’t break tree branches, and others.

Dear children and guests! Our conference is dedicated to one of the most pressing issues of our time - the relationship between man and nature. (tell 1 sheet and abstract).

Your attention is invited to speak on the following topics: Ecological state of the oil industry in our region, Protection and rational use of flora and fauna, Environmental problems of our region, Protection of the ecological environment is everyone's business.

Literature

1. V.N. Kuznetsov. "Ecology of Russia" Reader. JSC "MDS"

Page 4-5.

2. Khismatov M.F., Sukhov V.P. "Geography of Bashkortostan". Textbook for 9th grade. - Ufa: Kitap. Page 41-43.