What forests are there in the Altai Territory. Forest resources of the Altai Territory. Animal world of Altai

forest fund Altai Territory occupies a total area of ​​436.4 thousand hectares or 26% of the entire area of ​​the region, of which 3,827.9 thousand hectares are forest lands. covered forest the area is 3561.5 thousand hectares or 81.6% of the total area forests(according to the accounting of the forest fund as of 01.01.98). forest cover territory Altai Territory is 21.1%.

forest cover varies by district from 54.6% to 1% or less. The highest percentage forest cover in the Zarinsk district - 54.6%, in the Talmensky district - 52.9%, in the Troitsky district - 45.4%. Less than one percent forest cover in Tabunsky, Slavgorodsky, Pospelikhinsky districts.

The total stock of wood is 395 million m 3, the share of burned areas in the total area forests- 0.141%, the share of cuttings in the total area forests - 1,08%.

Forests distributed unevenly. They are mainly located in the northeast and east. Altai Territory. On sands and sandy soils in the floodplain of the river. Unique tape burs . Significant areas of mountains and foothills are occupied by taiga massifs.

Forests 1 groups occupy 2918.9 thousand hectares. Forests 2 groups occupy 818 thousand hectares. Forests 3 groups occupy an area of ​​625.6 thousand hectares.

According to natural and forestry conditions, role and importance in forests The State Fund allocated 4 forestry areas:

• Ribbon-pine forest - forests of tape pine forests, All forests classified as "particularly valuable forest areas", the total area - 1123.5 thousand hectares, incl. covered forest area - 880.1 thousand hectares;
• Priobsky - assigned forests Priobye: total area 837.7 thousand hectares, incl. covered forest area - 661.1 thousand hectares;
• Salair - assigned forests Salair black taiga, total area forests 583.3 thousand hectares, incl. covered forest- 515.6 thousand hectares;
• foothill - foothill forests Altai, total area forests 836.3 thousand hectares, incl. covered forest 646.6 thousand hectares.

The dominant breeds in forests of the Altai Territory are coniferous - 54% (including cedar - 1.9%), small-leaved - 46%. Average age forests Goslesfond - 66 years, incl. coniferous - 80 years and deciduous - 48 years. The timber reserve of the entire forest fund is 494.85 million m 3, incl. Goslesfond - 400.08 million m 3.

The average annual increase reaches 6.5 million m 3 , of which 3.5 million m 3 are coniferous and 3 million m 3 are deciduous.

The estimated cutting area for the main use is 2040 thousand m 3, incl. for coniferous farming - 331 thousand m 3.

The intensity of forest management decreases annually, so in 1994 - 900 thousand m 3, in 1995 - 800 thousand m 3, in 1996 - 500 thousand m 3, in 1997 - 331.3 thousand m 3 .

Forests of the Altai Territory divided by fire hazard classes into 5 classes. TO forests The 1st and 2nd classes of natural fire hazard are mainly tape burs(middle class 1.8) and Priobsky forests(middle class 2.6), in which a large number of coniferous plantations of dry types forests, coniferous young stands and forest crops.

As a result of intensive use forests, especially near the Ob massifs, the areas of young coniferous forests have decreased, the areas of mature and overmature plantations have increased, and there has been a dangerous phenomenon of replacing conifers with less valuable hardwoods.

In the depths of the vast continent of Eurasia lies a mountainous country - Altai. The nearest seas-oceans are almost 2.5 thousand km. On the one hand, Altai borders on the West Siberian Plain, the largest in the world, on the other hand, on the mountain belt of Southern Siberia. This mysterious and mysterious land keeps the history of human culture from the Stone Age to the present day. Nicholas Roerich said: “If you want to find the most a nice place, look for the most ancient. One of these places for him was Altai, where last days his soul aspired to life.

Land of contrasts

Various forms of relief lead to the formation of a number of microclimates on a relatively small area of ​​Altai, which correspond to distances of hundreds and thousands of kilometers in other parts of our country. This contributes to the species richness of the animal and plant world.

All natural zones of Central Siberia are represented here: steppes, forest-steppes, mixed forests, subalpine and alpine meadows. The species composition of vegetation includes two thirds of the total species diversity Western Siberia, and a considerable percentage falls on endemic plants found only in the Altai mountains. There are also relic species. So many medicinal plants(Rhodiola rosea, forgotten kopeechnik, St. John's wort, elecampane, etc.).

As in any mountainous country, the vegetation Gorny Altai obeys the law of vertical zonality, although, of course, the boundaries of these belts are not expressed in clear lines, they vary greatly depending on local conditions.

The word "Altai" is most often translated as "Altyn-tau" ("golden mountains"), sometimes as "Ala-tau" ("motley mountains"). Orientalists give another interpretation - "Al-taiga", which means "high rocky mountains".

From steppes to mountain taiga

At an altitude of 800–1500 m, there is a belt of mountain steppes, where there is almost no forest, low grass and separately protruding bushes grow here. The color of the steppe as a whole is dull yellowish-gray, sometimes along the banks of rivers and reservoirs there are spots of vibrant green and light green.

Where the steppes pass into the foothills, a dark green belt of forests (1200–2400 m) appears - the mountain taiga belt. broadleaf forests in most regions of Gorny Altai, they are poorly represented. The mountain taiga consists of larch, Siberian cedar, pine, spruce and fir. Larch taiga rises up to 2000 m. This forest, light, with delicate greenery, is especially beautiful in spring, when young larch needles are just beginning to bloom. But the higher you go, the more common here Siberian cedar, or Siberian cedar pine, forming upper bound forests. Unlike slender larches, cedar pines here are usually clumsy, their trunks can take the most bizarre shapes. A fabulously fantastic view of the forest is given by gloomy firs, hung like garlands with lichens.

In the local arid climate, Altai forests perform primarily a protective fiction - plantations retain snow and rain moisture, reduce wind erosion of the soil.

Giants and dwarfs

The transitional area between the taiga and alpine meadows in Altai is occupied by a rather extensive belt, which can be called mountain tundra. These are thickets of low-growing shrubs - mainly polar birch (locally - "chira", or "dwarf birch"), but also various low-growing willows.

Alpine and subalpine meadows (2500–3000 m) are represented by bright forbs. The grasses here seem like a real jungle - their height reaches 1.5–2 m, and in the middle of summer they are able to hide a rider with a horse. With the ascent to the mountains, the vegetation gradually decreases and passes into alpine short grass.

Very high, in the cracks of the rocks and on tiny spots alpine meadow, comes across a miniature dwarf willow, only a few centimeters high. Far in the mountains, near Belukha (the most high peak Siberia), you can meet edelweiss - flowers of love and fidelity. And on flat, damp places, moss grows amazing in softness, depth and beauty. On the uppermost sections of the slopes, you can admire the paintings created by nature from multi-colored lichens - black, orange, silver-white, yellow and other colors. But it turns out that life goes on and on. In summer, snow on glaciers can acquire a pink tint, as if it is illuminated by the evening setting sun, the reason for this is the microscopic algae covering it.

cedar forests

But still, about half of the territory of Altai is occupied by forests, mostly coniferous, although a significant part of them are forests of cedar pine, they are also called cedar forests. Cedar pines - sacred trees For northern peoples. Beautiful and majestic, they give excellent wood, tasty, healthy and nutritious pine nuts, which other taiga residents feed on besides people: bears, sables, chipmunks, squirrels ...

Forests with a predominance of cedar pine are dark coniferous. On the plains, Siberian cedar pine often grows next to spruce, fir, Scots pine, birch, but pure cedar trees can also be found around many Siberian settlements. The fact is that the peasant settlers quickly appreciated this tree, and therefore they cut down larch, fir and other species around the dwelling, and left the cedar pine. The cedar forests were looked after as if they were their own vegetable garden. In terms of usefulness in the economy, Siberians sometimes equate a hectare of cedar forest to a cow.

Unfortunately, until recently, large-scale industrial logging was carried out in Gorny Altai. Significant damage was caused to the cedar forests. One of the main tasks of ecologists is to revive this wonderful tree species of the Altai taiga.

If you look at the map of Russian forests, then the area of ​​forests in the Altai Territory is extremely small - only 3.36 million hectares. Forests are located in four isolated areas. First of all, these are unique in nature - tape burs that have no analogues in the world. Their area is 1.1 million hectares. Priobsky forests occupy an area of ​​0.84 million hectares, forests of the Salair Ridge, the so-called "Black Taiga" - 0.58 million hectares, and mixed forests of the foothill zone of Altai - 0.83 million hectares. The average forest cover of the Altai Territory is 21%. All forests of the region are unique in their own way, they perform important nature protection and conservation functions, their role in natural complex not only Siberia, but Russia, is very important. Historically, forestry and, above all, logging are intensively carried out in them.

While seemingly uniform at first glance, these are completely different forests, differing primarily in terms of growth and origin. It is these circumstances that have left their imprints on the species composition, stability and productivity of plantations growing in them, and, accordingly, on an individual approach to forest management for each of these forestry regions. Without a doubt, it is necessary to conduct forestry on scientific basis competent and professionally trained specialists in various fields of activity.

Ribbon forests of the Altai Territory stretch in the Ob-Irtysh interfluve in parallel strips from northeast to southwest and occupy an area of ​​1.1 million hectares.

The northernmost ribbon - Alleuskaya, has a length of 110 kilometers, with 25 passing through the Novosibirsk region. The width of the belt is 5 - 7 kilometers, and the Burla River flows along it, in the floodplain of which there are pine forests and areas of deciduous forest.

South of the Aleeuskaya ribbon, Kulunda stretches for 120 kilometers with a maximum width of up to 8 kilometers. For the most part of the belt, the Kulunda River flows. There are many forest lakes in the ribbon. Kasmolinskaya, 200 kilometers long, flows 30 kilometers from the Kulunda forest belt, and parallel to it, 10 kilometers away, is the largest ribbon - Barnaulskaya - 220 kilometers long. The width of these ribbons is from 5 to 10 kilometers. In the Volchikha region, the Kasmalinskaya and Barnaulskaya ribbons are connected, forming a pine massif 45 kilometers wide. From the eastern part of this massif, pine forests in one ribbon up to 25 kilometers wide go already to Kazakhstan, and the southwestern part of Volchikhinsky pine forest passes into Mikhailovsky, and even further north - into Klyuchivsky pine forests. The continuation of the Altai ribbon pine forests are the pine forests of Kazakhstan, which consist of separate arrays of various sizes and shapes.

In the Semipalatinsk region of Kazakhstan, there is a Loktevskaya ribbon 40 kilometers long and about 5 kilometers wide. Previously, it was 80 kilometers longer and extended to Rubtsovsk. Between the Aleusskaya and Kulunda belts, in the Baevo region, there are three small pine forests and around them a large number of birch pegs. It is assumed that here, along the tributaries of the Kulunda River, there was previously another small ribbon 70-100 kilometers long.

Band burs are unique natural phenomenon on Earth, and their origin is associated with the last, third glaciation. With the general warming of the climate and the beginning of the melting of huge masses of ice, the retreat of the glacier to the north began. The waters dammed by the glacier rushed back along the left tributaries of the Ob, towards the Irtysh. They carried with them a mass of sand, which was deposited in the riverbeds. As the glacier retreated, water flows moved northward. At first, the waters flowed along the current Barnaulka River, later - along Kasmala, and even later along Kulunda and Burla. In places of these water flows, powerful deposits of sand were formed, on which pine forests began to grow in the form of separate ribbons.

The vast territory of tape pine forests differs sharply continental climate and lack of rainfall. If in the extreme southwest in the Topolny region 250 milliliters of precipitation falls annually, including no more than 200 in the warm period of the year, then with advancement to the northeast the amount of precipitation increases, and in the Barnaul region they already fall 450 millimeters, the climate becomes wetter, and forest conditions - much better. In summer, however, dry winds are frequent.

Very few tree and shrub species are able to grow in such extreme climatic conditions - these are, first of all, pines, sheluga willow, broom, acacia (along the lowlands), birch near the water. The unique ecological properties of pine forests are fully manifested in ribbon pine forests. Growing on loose sands, pine plantations do not allow them to move under the influence of the wind, they keep the sand, which heats up in hot weather. summer days sometimes up to 70 degrees. That is why foresters, when laying new massifs, rely on pine. Every year they take special care of the seeds.

So, pine is the dominant tree species in belt forests, it occupies 82 percent of the area, but participation in the composition of plantations in various parts tapes are different. So, in the Barnaul region, 68 percent of pine trees are in the plantations, near Volchikha - 85 percent, and in the extreme south of the region - near Topolny - almost 97 percent. At the same time, the share of deciduous species in the composition decreases from 30 to 3 and, mainly, birch.

Pine forests differ greatly in terms of productivity, and the bonitet class is an integral indicator of forest productivity. In the conditions of the place of growth, pine forests reach class I and even class Ia, and in the worst conditions - class V. So, on average, for all pine forests of tape forests, the quality class is II, 6, while at the same time in the Barnaul forestry it is equal to I, 8, in Novichikhinsky - II, I, in Lebyazhensky - II, 3, and in the south, in the Topolino forestry - III, 1 class of bonitet. In a word, with the advancement to the south and with the deterioration of forest growth, the productivity of pine forests decreases, but it remains higher in comparison with birch and aspen plantations in the same conditions.

The pine of the tape forests bears fruit almost daily, and its self-seeding often appears in large numbers. However climatic conditions growing season are so unsatisfactory that in summer months pine seedlings are almost completely killed. They are better preserved in the cones of the shade of mature trees. Under the canopy of birch and aspen, pine self-sowing develops better than under pine. Near the tape forests, the humidity of air and soil increases by 20-25 percent compared to the steppe, and the amount of precipitation during the summer increases by 30-50 millimeters.

Preservation of tape forests and restoration of individual tapes, which have a huge soil-protective, agronomic and climate-regulating value, this unique natural monument, is a matter national importance. Meanwhile, there is cause for concern. As a result forest fires and immoderate logging, especially for the needs of the mining industry, tape burs turned out to be extremely upset. Forested area was only 63 percent, while burnt and wastelands occupied 21 percent of the area, with mature and overmature stands accounting for only 8% of the area. Such a state of tape forests was 45 years ago, and at present the area covered with forest is 78 percent, burnt areas and wastelands occupy two percent, and mature and overmature stands - 21 percent of the area. These indicators indicate that a tough stance was maintained with regard to tape pine forests both in terms of preserving them from fires and in restoring forests in numerous areas of burnt areas.

Amazing bewitching landscapes of virgin nature, carefully preserved local residents, the cultural and historical heritage that this region is generously endowed with, more and more attract tourists from other territories and even from foreign countries.

This is a beautiful Altai Territory. The nature of the region is surprisingly rich and multifaceted.

general information

This subject of Russia is part of the Siberian Federal District (southwest). It borders on Kazakhstan, Kemerovo and Novosibirsk region, Republic of Altai. Administrative center- the city of Barnaul.

Until 1991, the region also included the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Region, but at the moment it is an independent subject of the Russian Federation.

The Altai Territory is presented below in more detail. The nature of the region, the history of its development are of interest to many tourists and travelers who come here. Today, about 120 nationalities live in the region. Most of all - Russians (93.9%). Ukrainians, Germans, Kazakhs are also well represented here.

Where did it all begin?

The Russians began to settle in the foothills of the Altai and the Upper Ob region in the second half of the 17th century. The development of Altai began after the Beloyarsk and Bikatun fortresses were built here, respectively, in 1717 and 1718, to protect against the Dzungar nomads.

In order to explore ore deposits in Altai, search parties began to be equipped. It is believed that their discoverers were the father and son of the Kostylevs, later Akinfiy Demidov, a Ural breeder, took advantage of these results.

Geography, relief

Before we describe the rivers of the Altai Territory, consider it geographical position. The region is located in Western Siberia. In the south and west, its territory borders on the regions: East Kazakhstan and Pavlodar, in the northeast and north - on Kemerovo and Novosibirsk. It borders with the Republic of Altai in the southeast.

Territory area - 167850 sq. kilometers. From west to east, the length is 600 km, from south to north - 400 km. The distance from Moscow to Barnaul by direct air is 3,600 km.

The relief of the Altai Territory is the most diverse. Its territory belongs to two physical countries- Altai-Sayan and the West Siberian Plain. Its mountainous zone covers a flat surface from the south and east. These are the foothills of Altai and the Salair ridge. The central and western parts of the territory are mainly represented by plains - the Kulunda steppe, the Biysko-Chumysh upland and the Priobskoye plateau.

The region is represented by almost all natural areas of Russia - mountains, taiga, steppe and forest-steppe. Moreover, the flat surface is characterized by steppe and forest-steppe territories, with pine forests, gullies, ravines, pegs and lakes.

Rivers

Water resources in the region are represented by both underground and surface sources. Most major rivers Altai Territory: Ob, Katun, Biya, Charysh and Alei. Their total number, together with small streams, is 17 thousand. There are about 13,000 lakes here, the largest of which is Kulunda (area - 728 sq. km).

The Ob River is the main water artery. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers: Katun and Biya. Its length is 493 kilometers. It should be noted that the basin of this great river occupies an area equal to 70% of the entire territory of the region.

The variety of zonal landscapes of the region contributes to the diversity and species composition animal world. There are lynxes, brown bears, wolverines. Muskrats and river beavers are found in the reservoirs. Approximately 90 species of mammals and 320 species of birds live in the Altai Territory.

Approximately 2000 different higher vascular plants grow here (2/3 of the species of all Western Siberia). Particularly valuable: Rhodiola rosea, deviant peony, red root, maral root, St. John's wort, oregano, Ural licorice, elecampane high.

Forests occupy 26% of the region's territory. The Altai Territory is rich and beautiful.

Nature

Currently, the natural landscapes of the region are negatively affected by the results of economic activity. In order to preserve the diversity of fauna and flora, today it is planned to create protected natural areas: reserves, national parks, reserves, natural monuments.

At the moment, there are only 33 reserves on the territory (an area of ​​773,100 hectares), occupying 5% of the entire territory, which is not enough to maintain the ecological and landscape balance in the biosphere of the region.

In any case, the Altai Territory is magnificent. The nature of the region is protected by law. Numerous natural monuments have been created. These are guarded irretrievable natural objects, representing both scientific and cultural and historical value (mineral springs, caves, waterfalls, geological outcrops, paleontological objects, ancient ancient trees).

IN total There are 100 monuments in the region, 54 of them are geological, 14 are botanical, 31 are water and 1 are complex.

Conclusion

The Altai Territory is beautiful and rich. The nature of the region includes areas of growth rare plants and habitats of animals that are endangered and are specially protected. Therefore, a decision was made in the region to create the Tigirek and Kulunda state reserves. Unfortunately, the organization of work in this direction is delayed by the lack of funding.

Forest ecosystems occupy 28% of the area of ​​the Altai Territory and are very diverse in terms of species composition, productivity, structure and age structure. The forest fund lands located in the region are 4434.0 thousand hectares, including the forested area - 3736.0 thousand hectares, of which the area of ​​coniferous plantations - 153.0 thousand hectares with a total timber reserve of 535.0 million cubic meters with an average forest cover of 22.5%. The average stock of plantings per 1 ha is 143.0 cubic meters. The predominant species of the forest fund are soft-leaved stands - 59.0%, conifers account for 41.0%.

In accordance with the peculiarities of forest growth and economic conditions, the intensity of forest management, the role and importance of the forest, the forest fund of the Altai Territory is divided into four forest management areas - ribbon forests, Ob forests, forests of the Salair Ridge and foothill forests. Among the tree species growing in the Altai Territory, birch (34.4%), pine (29%), aspen (20%) predominate, as well as spruce, fir (8.10%), larch (2.7%) , cedar (1%), other species and shrubs (4.8%).

Which species forms the most valuable plantings in the region?

Most of pine forests located in ribbon and near-Ob forests. Growing in various soil and climatic conditions, pine forests are confined to the places of ancient watercourses on thick sandy river deposits. Pine forms the most valuable and productive plantations of the Altai Territory. Within the region, Scotch pine grows on dry and sandy, rich black earth and marsh soils. root system pines and its anatomical and physiological features make it an exceptionally valuable tree species in terms of forestry, capable of forming plantations in such extreme conditions where none of the other species can grow. The forestry qualities of pine include drought resistance, the ability to tolerate excessive moisture, wind resistance, rapid growth, as well as the diverse use of its resources.

What are "ribbons" and why are they unique?

The forests of the region are represented by unique ribbon forests, formations of this kind are not found anywhere in the world. On the territory of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve there are five pronounced boron ribbons: the northernmost Burlinskaya or Aleusskaya, 90 km south of it - Proslaukho-Kornilov selection and Kulunda tape, even lower by 30 km from Kulundinskaya - Kasmalinsky and Barnaul ribbons.

The Burlinskaya and Kulunda ribbons stretch for 100 km from the Ob River to the Kulunda depression located in the center of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve. The next two ribbons - Kasmalinskaya and Pavlovskaya - begin in the ancient floodplain of the Ob River and stretch almost 400 km to the southwest in narrow parallel ribbons. On the border of the Altai Territory and the Republic of Kazakhstan, these ribbons merge with Loktevskaya, forming a vast island of forests (Srostinsky pine forest), and then in the form of a kind of delta ancient river reach the Irtysh, where they merge with its terraced sands. The width of the hollows of the ancient runoff is different: 6-8 km - in the north, 20-60 km - in the south, at the place of their confluence.

In the northern part of the tape forests grow pine forests, A birch forests- in pegs. In the south they are large pine forests. Birch pegs are rare.

Fact

According to all the canons of geographical science here, in the steppe zone of the Altai Territory, there should be no forests. Not only did the pine forests invade the steppe expanses of the south of the West Siberian Lowland, they also have an unusual form of their distribution - the forests stretched out parallel to each other in ribbons of different lengths. That is why they got such a name. The famous German traveler and naturalist of the XIX century. Alexander Humboldt was so amazed by the pine forests he saw that he tried to give his own explanation for this phenomenon. Currently, scientists adhere to the hypothesis that pine forests grow on sandy deposits in the hollows of the water runoff of a huge ancient reservoir that existed about 10 thousand years ago.

There is a legend that tells how the god of the winds examined the earth and saw beautiful girl Aigul. The beauty charmed the god of the winds, he grabbed the girl and went with her to his heavenly dwelling. Aigul's tears fell down, and where they broke on the ground, lakes appeared. Aigul also lost the green ribbons with which she tied her wonderful hair. In those places where the ribbons fell to the ground, forests appeared.

By the way

In the area where the tape pine forests are located, two state protective forest strips : Rubtsovsk - Slavgorod, 257 km long with a total area of ​​6142 hectares, and Aleysk - Veselovka, 300 km long with an area of ​​6768 hectares.

Priobye, Salair, foothills

To the east of the Kulunda steppe lies the Pre-Altai forest-steppe. The Ob River divides the Pre-Altai forest-steppe into two unequal parts: on the left bank, occupied by undulating plain of the Priobsky plateau, and the right bank, where the Biya-Chumysh Upland precedes the spurs in the northeast Salair Ridge, and in the south foothills of Altai.

In the northeast of the region, the Biysko-Chumysh Upland is limited by the spurs of the Salair Ridge (up to 590 m above sea level). Ridges Salair Ridge strongly smoothed and rounded. The access to the daytime surface of stony rocks differs only in individual peaks. This growing area of ​​aspen and fir forests , which is determined by a rather humid climate and the spread of loamy soils.

To the south of the Predsalairskaya forest-steppe, one or two ledges, 350-600 m high and with separate ridges up to 1000 m, rise foothills of Altai. The Altai foothills are mainly occupied forest-steppe, but the slopes of the higher ridges are covered mountain forests. In the southwest, they mainly consist of plantations fir, birch, larch, in the eastern part, more humid, are represented deciduous and black forests.

Forests not located on the lands of the forest fund

On the territory of the Altai Territory there are also forests located on lands of other categories, namely:

• on the lands Ministry of Defense Russian Federation - 12.6 thousand hectares;
• on the lands of specially protected natural areas under the jurisdiction Federal Service on Supervision in the Sphere of Natural Resources Management(Rosprirodnadzor) - 41.4 thousand hectares (state nature reserve"Tigireksky");
• on the lands of urban settlements (urban forests)- 10.0 thousand hectares.

What areas of the Altai Territory are rich in forests?

All forests are located on the territory 59 municipal districts of the region. The distribution of forests in the region is extremely uneven, and an indicator of this is the forest cover of the territory. If average forest cover of the Altai Territory - 26.3%, which indicates a sufficient proportion of forest plantations in the overall balance of land, this cannot be said about a number of municipal districts in the steppe part of the region, which are clearly lacking in the protective role of forests. In municipal districts, forest cover ranges from 1% ( Annunciation, Pospelikhinsky, Kulundinsky, Slavgorodsky, Ust-Kalmansky) to 62.1% ( Zarinsky, Soltonsky). Above average forest cover is noted in the southwestern regions of the territory: Uglovsky - 33.9% Volchikhinsky 41.7%, Mikhailovsky - 25.9%. This is due to the fact that in this part of the territory, ribbon forests are wider and significant areas of forests are concentrated in them.

Very uneven forest cover in the Priobsky district. The largest proportion of forests occurs in Troitsky district- 46.1%, as well as in Pervomaisky- 42.0% and Talmensky district- 38.1%. This is due to the distribution of the Upper Ob massif along the right bank of the Ob River. As you move away from the river, the forest cover decreases: Virgin— 8,4%, Petropavlovsky district- 2.9%. Forest cover in the Altai-Sayan mountain-taiga region ranges from 21.5% to 38.6%. In the Altai-Sayan mountain-forest-steppe region, the highest forest cover is observed in Soltonsky district - 53.6%, Krasnogorsk - 41.6%. At the same time in Sovetsky district it is equal to 3.7%.

The forest cover of the Altai Territory by forestry areas is either optimal or close to optimal. At the same time, due to the uneven distribution of forests over the territory, a number of steppe regions are experiencing great inconvenience due to insufficient forest areas and, in this regard, their low environmental protection effect.

Three forest subregions

There are some differences in geomorphology, soils, composition and productivity of forests, as well as climatic features, give grounds for selection within West Siberian subtaiga forest-steppe region three forest subareas: ribbon pine forests, Priobsky pine forests and the Salair ridge.

woody vegetation tape burs It is represented by narrow belts of pine forests that are unique in nature and isolated small groups of birch plantations among dry steppes.

To the north of the tape pine forests isolated woodland along the Ob River are located Priobsky forests. In the Ob forests, forests are represented by relatively large tracts island highly productive pine forests and birch-aspen small-massive tracts located mainly along low saucer-shaped depressions. Pine forests located mainly on the third and fourth sandy terraces of the Ob River, where they form relatively large massifs. These are the so-called fresh, or "sweaty", Priobsky forests. Soddy-podzolic and medium podzolic sandy and sandy loam soils prevail in the Ob region, which are favorable for the growth of woody vegetation. Pine plantations growing on them achieve high productivity. Often found in Priobsky forests admixture of larch and Siberian spruce.

All these forests are under the influence of two environmental factors the opposite effect - the proximity of groundwater and the aridity of the steppe and forest-steppe air-temperature regime.

Even further north, along the border of Novosibirsk and Kemerovo regions, plantings grow Salair Ridge. In Salair, despite its low height, the zonation of the vegetation cover is expressed in relief. The pre-Salair foothill plain is covered birch-aspen forests alternating with natural meadows. Closer to the watershed, they become predominant aspen and fir-aspen forests. grass cover is different great height and strong development. In areas occupied by forests, gray forest and soddy-podzolic soils, as well as mountain forest gray soils, are widespread; on the western slopes of the low mountains - loamy and heavy loamy; in the eastern - thin loamy-rubble on bedrock.

In the south and southwest along the border with the Republic of Altai, mixed forests of foothill Altai. The area of ​​foothill forests of the Altai Territory is included in the Altai-Sayan mountain-taiga region of the South Siberian mountain zone.

Piedmont forests have been developed by humans over the past 150-200 years, and at present, there are practically no indigenous forest types. Only in remote, inaccessible places for technology, you can find plantings cedar and fir. Foothill secondary forests composed of birch, fir, aspen, along the valleys of numerous rivers - thickets of willow. In the lower part of the forest belt of the northern and western foothills along the river valleys grow island pine plantations.

And if ribbon forests and Priobsky forests are typically lowland forests, the forests of the Salair Ridge grow at altitudes of 250-500 meters above sea level, then the forests foothills of Altai are distributed up to 1800 m above sea level and are typically mountain forests. Between these 4 large massifs there are a large number of birch groves ranging from 0.1 to 5 hectares. They occupy mainly the forest-steppe. The spaces between the forks are plowed up for fields, and the unplowed areas are covered with steppe vegetation.

Based on the materials of the "Forest Plan" of the Altai Territory, Barnaul, 2011

Fact

IN XVIII century with development silver-smelting production in the "ribbons" they harvested wood for burning charcoal. Historians write that logging for charcoal was carried out using clear cuttings, and thousands of hectares of pine plantations were cut down without observing elementary rules. Modern forestry also has not passed sad pages. The strongest fires have repeatedly erased thousands of green hectares from the face of the earth. The forests of the region began to "come to life" only after 1947, when a special Decree was adopted on the restoration of belt forests in Altai and Kazakhstan. Gradually, the area occupied by conifers began to increase, reaching in 2013 - 700 thousand hectares.

Numbers

4 out of 5 tape pine forests existing in the world grow in the Altai Territory

10 thousand years ago, according to scientists, on the site of modern "tapes" there were ancient reservoirs

700 thousand hectares due to large-scale reforestation activities in 2013 reached the area of ​​tape forests occupied by coniferous species

Materials on the topic " Forest wealth Altai Territory"

Yesterday, April 9, Oleg Peregudov, head of the forest holding company Altailes, took a picture of the Ural Owl. Successful shots were taken in the evening in a spruce forest near the village. Southern city of Barnaul. As Oleg said, at first he heard the hoot of an owl and decided to see where she was sitting. Taking a camera, an amateur researcher found a tawny owl in a tree. The bird was at first wary, but after a few minutes it calmed down and […]

On the eve of the Day of Forest Workers, employees of Les Service LLC (part of the LHK Altailes) together with students of Klyuchevskaya high school No. 1 held a large-scale sports and environmental campaign. The event was attended by about two hundred schoolchildren along with their teachers. Victor Karmash, Engineer of Forest Protection and Protection of Forest Service, spoke to the participants about the need to conserve forests before the start of the action.

View on the site Altapress.ru

From September 2-4, in the village of Pavlovsk, Pavlovsky district, the best forest firefighters, fellers, operators of a hydraulic manipulator and other forest industry specialists will be determined. About 500 participants will measure their strength both in professional nominations and in sports and creative competitions. The previous Olympics were held in 2011. The organizers are the Union of Timber Industry Organizations "Altailes" ( non-profit organization) and the forest holding company Altailes.

A twenty-minute film about the activities of the Altailes forest holding company is a large-scale project, work on which began in the spring of 2015. For the film, only fresh footage was used, many of which were made using a quadrocopter, that is, from a height of 50-70 meters above the ground. The goal is to show the viewer how the unique belt and near-Ob burs actually look, which the company […]