And never write. Spelling "NOT" with different parts of speech. In a simple sentence

On the mail train from St. Petersburg to Moscow, a young lieutenant Klimov (Chekhov) rode in the smoking section.

1. N. f. - train.
   morphemic parsing words awake A) Permanent signs: common noun, inanimate, masculine, 2nd declension.
   what syntactic role can pronouns play in offer B) Non-permanent signs: used in the shape of singular, prepositional case.

1. Noun; denotes an object; answers the question of what?
2. N. f. - Petersburg.
   how to spell the word smile A) Permanent signs: proper, inanimate, masculine, 2nd declension, does not change in numbers - it has only the singular form.
   tourniquet morphemic parsing B) Non-permanent signs: used in the form of the genitive case.
3. IN offer plays the role of a circumstance of a place.

1. Noun; denotes an object; answers the question what?
2. N. f. - Moscow.
   how to parse the word russia as a part of speech A) Permanent signs: own, inanimate, feminine, 1st declension, not changes by numbers - has the form of only a single number.
   part of speech without being B) Non-permanent signs: used in the form of the accusative case.
3. In the sentence, it plays the role of an adverb of place.

1. Noun; denotes an object; answers the question what?
2. N. f. - department.
   what part of speech A) Permanent signs: common noun, inanimate, neuter gender, noun in -s: 2nd declension, but in prepositional case ending -i, as in nouns of the 3rd declension.
   as part of speech adjective B) Non-permanent features: used in the singular, prepositional case.
3. In the sentence, it plays the role of an adverb of place.

1. Noun; denotes an object; answers the question for whom?
2. N. f. - smoker.
   house morphological analysis of the word A) Permanent signs: common noun, animate, given noun - substantiated participle, therefore it changes by gender (smoker, smoker) and declines as a full participle.
   morphemic analysis of the word phone B) Non-permanent signs: used in the form plural, genitive; there is no gender, as in full participles in the plural.
3. plays a role in the proposal inconsistent definitions.

1. Noun; denotes an object; answers the question who?
2. N. f. - Lieutenant.
   A) Permanent signs: common noun, animate, masculine, 2nd declension.
   B) Non-permanent signs: used in the singular, nominative case.
3. IN offer acts as an application.

1. Noun; stands for item; answers the question who?
2. N. f. - Klimov.
   A) Permanent signs: proper, animate, masculine, 2nd declension.
   lilac case B) Non-permanent signs: used in the singular form, nominative case.
3. IN offer plays the role of the subject.

Russian language lesson in grade 3 (EMC "Perspektiva")

Teacher: Shurinova O.M.

Class: 3 G

Subject:"Analysis of a noun as a part of speech"

Lesson type: a lesson in discovering new knowledge

Goals:

To update knowledge about the concepts of "noun", "signs of a noun".

Introduce an algorithm for parsing a noun as a part of speech.

Cognitive Skills:

Reveal the meaning of the concepts "noun", "signs of a noun" and use them in an active dictionary;

Distinguish between permanent and variable signs of a noun and justify your opinion.

Regulatory Skills:

Fulfill learning action using the algorithm.

Communication skills:

Take into account the opinion of the partner when making a common decision in the framework of the educational dialogue.

Item Skills:

Talk about constant and variable signs of a noun;

Tell the algorithm for parsing a noun as a part of speech;

Identify nouns in a sentence;

Parse a noun as a part of speech using an algorithm.

Equipment: textbook "Russian language" L.F. Klimanov, T.V. Babushkina, presentation for the lesson in PowerPoint 2013, helper cards

DURING THE CLASSES

IN morphological analysis nouns have many tricky pitfalls that are often overlooked. Let's remember the most important thing.

In terms of meaning and morphological features Nouns are divided into several categories: proper and common nouns, animate and inanimate.

Proper names are easy to recognize: they name a single object and are written with capital letter(Petya, Dawn, Riga, Italy, "Spark"), sometimes they form names in the form of phrases (Krasnaya Presnya, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, Velikaya Patriotic War) have only one number. We write out the proper name in its entirety and parse it as one noun.

Nouns have something in common grammatical meaning- item. Questions who? or what? help to distinguish between animate and inanimate nouns. But our ideas about living and non-living things do not always coincide, so we use a hint: we compare cases in the plural. The animate have the same accusative and genitive cases (I see a brother - there is no brother), for the inanimate - accusative and nominative (I see books - there are books).

The subject can be different: a living being, a plant or a person, a period of time, an event or a natural phenomenon, a quality or a process. Groups of concrete (crow, table), material (sugar, hydrogen), abstract (courage, enmity) and collective nouns(crows, people) are not indicated in the school analysis, but they do not play last role in identifying some features. For example, animation or number, gender or case.

Specific nouns are countable, go well with cardinal numbers, are used in the singular and plural.

Real called food products, drinks, materials, fabrics, chemical elements, medicines, are only in the singular (milk, oil) or only in the plural (perfume, sawdust), they can be measured, but not counted. In quantitative terms, they have the ending -У in genitive case: buy honey, chocolate bar, give sugar.

Abstract (abstract) nouns denote concepts that have nothing to do with counting, and also do not change in numbers, have suffixes -ISM-, -OST-, -IZN-, -IN-, -OT-, -STV-, -TIY- , -NIY-: heroism, courage, whiteness, silence, kindness, mischief, arrival, education.

Collectives call many objects as a whole, are inanimate, have only the singular or only the plural, cannot be counted (foliage, furniture). You can also recognize them by the suffixes -j-, -OT-, -B-, -STV, -ESTV-, -NIK-, -NYAK-: crows, poor people, foliage, students, spruce forest, willow forest.

After indicating the categories of nouns, we proceed to the gender, which is determined by the form of the nominative case of the singular or by the method of substitution of pronouns OH-SHE-IT; MY, MY, MY. Formally, the gender can also be determined by the endings:

A, -I, zero, -O, -E, a special type like the adjective -OY, -YI, -IY - this is masculine (dad, uncle, doctor, little house, ax handle, sick, district, worker);

A, -I, zero, a special type like the adjective -AYA, -YAYA is feminine (mother, aunt, steppe, living room, front);

Oh, -E, words in -MYA, a special type like the adjective -OE, -EE is the neuter gender (window, sea, time, ice cream, future);

A, -I is a common gender (crybaby, sleepyhead).

Words of the general gender are divided into 3 groups: informal names Zhenya, Shura), indeclinable surnames (Zhivago, Hugo) and nouns with the meaning of properties and evaluation of persons in appearance (short man), behavior (bully), intelligence (stupid), morality (miser) , social position(village). TO common gender do not include nouns denoting professions or occupations (teacher, agronomist, director - all masculine).

For indeclinable nouns, the gender is determined by the meaning and dependent words (maestro, lady, hot coffee, warm coat). It is impossible to establish the gender of words in the plural (watch, sleigh).

Declined nouns are divided into three groups. To 1 declension: masculine and feminine with endings -А, -Я; to the second - neuter with endings -O, -E, masculine with zero ending, to 3rd declension: feminine with zero ending.

There is a group of words that are indeclinable (10 words in -MYA and "way") and indeclinable ( foreign words, proper names, compound words and abbreviations for vowels). For words that have only the plural form, and for nouns that have passed from adjectives with a special type of declension, it is impossible to determine the declension, for example: rakes, gates; animal, injured.

Most specific words change by number: cat - cats, miracle - miracles, man - people, new coat - new coats. But if a noun has only one number form, this is its constant attribute.

All cases, except for the nominative, are usually called indirect, since they are used with and without prepositions, and the prepositional case is used only with prepositions. Cases differ in questions and endings.

Nominative (Im.p.): is there anyone? What?

Genitive (R.p.): no one? what?

Dative (D.p.): I will give to whom? what?

Accusative (VP): see who? What?

Creative (T.p.): proud of whom? how?

Prepositional (Pr.p.): I think about whom? how?

Do not confuse cases! Think like this.

In the sentence: It rained all year - the word “rains” is in Im.p., since it is connected with the predicate “were going”, how long did it go? (time period) year - this word is in B.p.

In the sentence: Tomorrow the results of the competition will be announced - the word "results" in Im.p. connected with the predicate "will be announced", the results of what? competition - this word is in R.p.

In the sentence: It is necessary to cure animals - the word "animals" is in R.p. with a predicate expressed by a transitive verb.

In the sentence: After the expiration of the warranty period, the goods cannot be repaired - the word "after the expiration" is in Ex. (thinking about what? about expiration).

If the noun is used in nominative case, it can be subject or address, nominal part predicate or application. The noun in indirect cases acts as an object, circumstance and definition.

We get acquainted with the plan of morphological analysis of nouns and proceed to the study of examples.

PLAN OF MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NOUN

1. Part of speech and general grammatical meaning.

2. initial form(Im. p., singular) and morphological features:
Permanent (P.p.):
- rank:
own or common noun,
animate or inanimate;
- genus,
- declination.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- number,
- case.

3. Syntactic role noun.

Sentences selected from funny stories children's writer Sergei Volf.

First, we walk along the boulevard.

1. (Along) the boulevard - a noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): boulevard
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- inanimate;
- m.rod,
- 2 declination.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- unit,
- D. case.
3. We walk (for what? Where?) along the boulevard (the circumstance of the place).

There flowers grow, similar to dill, trees and the second day a cat meows, which I can’t track down.

1. Flowers - noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): flower
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- inanimate;
- m.rod,
- 2 declination.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- plural,
- Name of case.
3. Flowers grow (what?) (subject).

On the street, we joined hands and walked to the park.

1. (On) the street - a noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): street
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- inanimate;
- zh.rod,
- 1 declination.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- unit,
- Ex. case.
3. They took (on what? where?) on the street (a circumstance of the place).

What's wrong with you, Alyosha? she said and touched my forehead.

1. Alyosha is a noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Name, singular): Alyosha
Permanent (P.p.):
- own,
- animated;
- m.rod,
- 1 declination,
- has only a single number.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- Name of case.
3. (Who?) Alyosha (not a member of the proposal, because the appeal).

Let your boy go to Moscow!

1. (B) Moscow - a noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): Moscow
Permanent (P.p.):
- own,
- inanimate;
- zh.rod,
- 1 declination,
- has only a single number.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- V. case.
3. Release (to what? where?) to Moscow (the circumstance of the place).

But a week ago he took the calculation and went to Siberia to build a new railway.

1. (B) Siberia is a noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): Siberia
Permanent (P.p.):
- own,
- inanimate;
- zh.rod,
- 3 declension,
- has only a single number.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- V. case.
3. He left (to what? where?) to Siberia (the circumstance of the place).

Then we drink coffee and eat puff pastries.

1. Coffee is a noun, because. denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): coffee
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- inanimate;
- m.rod,
- indestructible
- has only a single number.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- V. case.
3. We drink (what?) coffee (direct addition).

It is very shameful in our time to believe in any such thing.

1. (B) time is a noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): time
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- inanimate;
- cf.
- diversified
- has only a single number.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- V. case.
3. believe in time (in what? when?) time (the circumstance of time).

They will sit down, arrange chess and - let's talk about literature.

1. Chess is a noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): chess
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- inanimate;
- no gender
- no inclination
- has only a plural.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- V. case.
3. Arrange (what?) chess (direct object).

The yard was already full of children from neighboring houses.

1. Guys - a noun, because. denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): guys
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- inanimate;
- no gender
- no inclination
- has only a plural.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- V. case.
3. There were a lot of (who?) guys (direct addition).

And the horse stretched out its muzzle and softly, with its lips, took this sugar directly from Sergey Vasilyevich's palm.

1. Sugar is a noun, because. denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): sugar
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- inanimate;
- m.rod,
- 2 declination,
- has only a single number.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- V. case.
3. Took (what?) Sugar (direct addition).

The teacher Lev Evgenievich entered.

1. Teacher is a noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): teacher
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- animated;
- m.rod,
- 2 declination.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- unit,
- I. case.
3. Entered (who?) teacher (subject).

You're doing well, but I didn't know you were such a jerk.

1. Balda is a noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): balda
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- animated;
- common gender
- 1 declination.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- unit,
- I. case.
3. You (who?) Balda (compound nominal predicate).

Take your dad's shirts to the laundry.

1. (B) laundry - noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): laundry
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- inanimate;
- zh.rod,
- declined as an adjective.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- unit,
- V. case.
3. You will take it (to what? where?) to the laundry (the circumstance of the place).

Training tasks

Perform a morphological analysis of the indicated nouns.

1) “You see,” he says, “but he remembered my name, it’s nice.

2) But when the guys put on the play "Well, wait a minute" and I saw Svetulya in a hare costume, I lost my head.

3) All day I walked around not myself and was very happy.

4) I am so confused in these reflections.

5) Roach took me normally, more or less often, from Sveta - also wow.

6) There, half a kilometer from the sanatorium, a river was discovered, the grandfather even perked up at first, he took a fishing rod with him, but it quickly became clear that the river was completely tiny, narrow, and most importantly, there was nothing there but minnow.

7) Everyone, as is usually the case at the beginning of the journey, stunned by the departure, sat in their compartments, it was empty and quiet in the carriage corridor, in general (I listened) there was complete silence.

8) Someone squeaked and fumbled in the willow bushes ...

Literature

1. Ilyushina L.A. On the morphological analysis of the noun / Russian language at school and at home. - 2002. - No. 3.

2. Chuglov V.I. On morphological analysis / Russian language at school. - 2002. - No. 3.

§ 88. Not spelled together:

1. In all cases where the word is not used without a negative particle, for example: ignoramus, inevitable, unfortunate, indignant, unwell, unwell, lacking(meaning "not enough") impossible, impossible, really, unbearable, unshakable, unharmed.

2. With nouns, if negation gives the word a new, opposite meaning, for example: enemy, misfortune if negation gives a word that does not have this particle the meaning of opposition, negation, for example: non-specialist, non-Marxist, non-Russian, For example: disagreements between Marxists and non-Marxists; all non-specialists liked the report; a non-Russian will look without love at this pale muse, covered in blood, whipped with a whip(Nekrasov).

3. With full and short adjectives and with adverbs in -o (-e), if their combination with does not serve not to deny any concept, but to express a new, opposite concept, for example: unhealthy look (i.e. painful ), impossible character(i.e. heavy), the sea is restless (i.e. worried), the matter is unclean (i.e. suspicious), come immediately(i.e. immediately, without delay), acted badly(i.e. bad).

4. With full participles, in which there are no explanatory words, for example: unfinished (labor), unblown(flower), stainless (steel), unloved (child), undisguised (malice), uncompressed (strip) (in such cases, the participle is close to the adjective); But: work not completed on time, a flower that did not bloom because of the cold, a child not loved by the mother, students who have not yet been examined(in such cases, the participle is close in meaning to the verb).

Note. With explanatory words denoting the degree of quality, it is not written together with the participle (in these cases, the participles with are not close to the adjective), for example: an extremely rash decision, a completely inappropriate example, But: completely inappropriate example(not written separately due to the presence of an explanatory word to the rule).

5. In pronouns, when not separated from the subsequent pronoun by a preposition, for example: someone, something, nobody, nothing(But: no one, nothing, no one, nothing, nothing).

In pronominal adverbs, for example: once, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere.

6. In adverbs, there is no need (in the meaning of “aimless”, for example: there is no need to go there), reluctantly; in prepositional combinations in spite of; in spite of; V interrogative particle really.

Writing adverbs and adverbial combinations that include a negation, a preposition, and a noun or adjective (for example, inadvertently, inadvertently, inadvertently, inadvertently), is determined by the rules set out in § 83, paragraphs 5 and 6.

7. In the verb prefix under-, denoting non-compliance with the required norm, for example: under fulfillment (perform below the required norm), under watch (not enough, look badly, miss something), under sleep (sleep less than normal).

Note. From verbs with a prefix, it is not necessary to distinguish verbs with a prefix do-, which have the negation of not in front of them and denote an action that has not been completed, for example: not to read a book, not to drink tea, not to watch a play.

§ 89. Not written separately:

1. With verbs, including with adverbial forms, for example: she does not drink, does not eat, does not speak; cannot see; without looking, without looking, without haste.

About continuous writing despite, despite and verbs with the prefix mis- see § 88, paragraphs 6 and 7.

Note. Commonly used verb forms does not go, itching, itching are written fluently.

2. In participles: a) in short form, for example: the debt is not paid, the house is not completed, the coat is not sewn b) c full form when there are explanatory words during the sacrament (see § 88, paragraph 4), and also when there is or is implied opposition during the sacrament, for example: he brought not a finished work, but only separate sketches.

3. With nouns, adjectives and adverbs, if there is or is implied opposition, for example: it was not luck that led us to success, but endurance and composure; not death is terrible - your disfavor is terrible(Pushkin); the morning came not clear, but foggy; the train is not going fast and not slow(meaning: “from some average speed»); not tomorrow (here there can be no opposition).

Note. Attention should be paid to some cases separate writing particles are not. The particle is not written separately: a) if with an adjective, participle or adverb, as an explanatory word, there is a pronoun starting with neither, for example: no one (for anyone, etc.) needs a thing, nor when occurring error, no one it is profitable to undertake it; b) if it is not part of amplifying negations far from, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all, etc., preceding a noun, adjective or adverb, for example: he is not at all a friend to us, far from the only desire by no means fair decision, not at all the best solution, far from enough.

4. With pronouns and pronominal adverbs, for example: not me, not this, not another, not like this, not otherwise, not like that. About cases continuous spelling not with pronouns and pronominal adverbs see § 88, n. 5.

Note. The philosophical term not-self is hyphenated.

5. With amplifying adverbs, as well as with prepositions and conjunctions, for example: not really, not quite, not quite, not from ..., not under ..., not that ... not that.

The expression is written separately more than once, for example: More than once he accused himself of being overly cautious.(Fadeev).

6. With immutable words that are not formed from adjectives and act as a predicate in a sentence, for example: don't, don't mind, don't be sorry.

7. With all words written with a hyphen, for example: all non-commercial and industrial enterprises; said not in Russian; sing not in the old way.

§ 90. Neither is written together:

1. In pronouns, if the particle is not separated from the subsequent pronoun by a preposition, for example: no one, nothing, no one, nothing, no one, no one, no one, no one, But: no one, no one and so on.