Nouns used only in the singular. Nouns that have only the singular form. What you should know about them

Purpose: 1. To know the categories of nouns that have the form of only plural or only singular. 2. Be able to distinguish nouns that have one numerical form from other nouns. 3. Be able to select antonyms for nouns.

Discharges of nouns that have only the plural form 1. Names of paired objects: sleigh, droshky, scissors, ticks, gates, glasses, trousers, etc. 2. Names of games: burners, hide and seek, blind man's blind man's blind man's chess, checkers, etc. 3. Designations of individual time intervals: day, weekdays, twilight, vacations, etc. 4. Material-collective nouns: pasta, cream , yeast, ink, perfume, etc. 5. Proper names: Alps, Carpathians, Kholmogory, Gorki.

Discharges of nouns that have only the singular form 1. Real nouns: butter, milk, sugar, water, oil, steel, copper, etc. 2. Collective nouns: spruce forest, youth, students, etc. 3. Abstract (abstract): whiteness, purity, laziness, kindness, thinness, enthusiasm, running around, mowing, walking, warmth, dampness, thaw, etc. 5. Proper names (full name): Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy

A plural form of some of these nouns is possible, but only to refer to certain grades, grades Stainless steel (singular) - alloy steels (pl.); olive oil (sing.) - technical oils (pl.); impenetrable mud (sing.) - therapeutic mud (pl.); spinal cord (sing.) – prepare brains (pl.)

Choose antonyms for nouns that are used only in the singular. (10 b.) Strength - weakness; true False; wealth - poverty; tears - laughter; fun - sadness; old age - youth; anger is kindness; white - black; running around - walking; light is darkness.

In the lesson, we will learn how to determine the number of nouns, learn about the features of the use of nouns in the plural, about the correct placement of stress. Let's do a lot of interesting tasks.

We speak correctly:

No boots, boots, boots .

Pair boots, boots, boots .

A lot of places, cases, soldiers, apples .

No socks , pair socks .

Many kilograms tangerines, oranges, tomatoes .

Let's write sentences, adding letters where necessary.

Bought a pair of noses in the store….

Tanya has a lot to do…..

There are no empty seats on the bus….

There are a lot of tomatoes on the market…. and apples...

There are many soldiers on the parade ....

Examination.

Bought a pair of socks from the store.

Tanya has a lot to do.

There are no empty seats on the bus.

There are many tomatoes and apples in the market.

There are many soldiers on the parade.

Peculiarities of stressing plural nouns

And now let's get acquainted with correct setting stresses in some nouns that are in the plural form.

Rice. 13. We speak correctly! ()

director-director A

Chauffeur - chauffeur yo ry

Cake - t O mouths

To find out how to pronounce a word correctly, you can turn to the spelling dictionary or stress dictionary for help.

There are unusual nouns in Russian. What is their secret?

Let's find out.

Let's look at the pictures.

Let's name the items.

Milk, flour, honey, leaves.

These nouns do not have a plural form.

Let's consider another example.

Let's name the items.

Chess, clocks, glasses, sledges, scissors.

These nouns do not have a singular form.

We conclude: in Russian there are nouns that do not have a singular or plural form. We will get to know them in more detail in high school.

In this lesson, we learned that nouns change in number. There are two forms of number: singular and plural.

It turns out that in the Old Russian language, in addition to the singular and plural numbers that are familiar to us, there was another number that was used to designate paired objects. This is a dual number. The dual number was used to designate two or paired objects.

For example, eyes, sleeves, shores, horns.

Now this role is played by the plural.

Some nouns have several possible number forms that differ in meaning:

« leaves" on the tree - " sheets» paper, « teeth» man - « teeth» pitchfork

1. Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Enlightenment, 2012 (http://www.twirpx.com/file/1153023/)
2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Balass.
3. Ramzaeva T.G. Russian language. 2. - M.: Bustard.

1. Festival pedagogical ideas "Public lesson" ().
2. Nsportal.ru ().
3. Do.gendocs.ru ().

• Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Enlightenment, 2012. Part 2. Do ex. 118, 119 p. 88.
• Divide the nouns from the poem into two columns: singular and plural.

The wind is blowing on the sea
And the boat is urging;
He runs in waves
On inflated sails .. (A. Pushkin)

• * Using the knowledge gained in the lesson, come up with 2 rebuses or 3 riddles for the singular and plural of a noun.

By numbers, mostly countable nouns change. Uncountable nouns, as a rule, are used only in the singular form:

sugar - sugar, love - love, friendship - friendship.

They are used in the plural only when the variety of species, concepts expressed by them is meant, or when they are used in another sense in which they are already countable. For example:

air - air, movement - movement (as general concept), music - music, milk - milk, knowledge - knowledge, hair - hair (on a person's head).

BUT: air - aria, melody - "airs - arias, melodies, movement - movement (for example, political or in dance) -> movements - movements (the same), hair - hair -" hairs - hairs, etc.

The plural of nouns is usually formed by adding the ending -s to the singular form:

book - book -» books - books, day - day -> days - days, house - house -> houses - houses.

Reading the ending "-s":

after voiceless consonants - [s]: books
after voiced consonants and vowels - [z]: friends, days
after hissing and whistling (-es) - : boxes [‘boksiz]

Exception l. Nouns ending in the singular with letters o, s, ss, sh, ch, x(hissing and whistling, as they are called), in the plural they have an ending -es:

hero - hero ->heroes - heroes, kiss - kiss -> kisses - kisses, brush - brush-> brushes - brushes, bench - bench -> benches - benches, box - box -> boxes - boxes.

BUT: In words foreign origin ending in o, in the plural, only the ending is added to the noun -s:

piano - grand piano -> pianos - grand pianos, photo - photography -» photos - photos.

Exception 2. Nouns ending in y with a preceding consonant have the y omitted and the ending added instead -ies, which reads [-iz]:

country [‘kAntri] - country -> countries - countries, city - city cities- cities, family - family families- families.

BUT: If there is a vowel before y, then the plural is formed according to general rule, i.e. by adding the ending -s:

day - day - "days - days, boy - boy -" boys - boys.

3. Twelve nouns ending in -f or -fe, in the plural lose these letters. Instead of -f or -fe, the ending is added -ves. These are nouns:

wife - wife, life - life, knife - knife, wolf - wolf, self - essence, human appearance, calf - calf, shelf - shelf, leaf - leaf (plant), loaf - loaf (bread), thief - thief, half - half, sheaf - pack (paper), etc.

For example: wife - wife - "wives - wives, knife - knife -> knives - knives, shelf - shelf -> shelves - shelves.

4. Some nouns form the plural by changing the root vowel:

man - man -> men - men, woman - woman - "women - women, foot - leg feet - legs, tooth - tooth -" teeth - teeth.
HO: child - child -> children - children.

5. For compound nouns, the plural is formed by adding the ending -s to the second word:

armchairs - armchairs, bookcases - bookcases.

BUT: If these words are combined by a preposition, then the first word is put in the plural: sisters-in-law- daughters-in-law.

Words borrowed from Greek or Latin, form the plural form according to the rules of these languages:

appendix - application -» appendices - applications (to the book), crisis - crisis -> crises - crises, basis - base, bases - bases, radius - radius -> radii - radii.

Nouns used only in the singular

1. Uncountable nouns (both real and abstract) are usually used only in the singular:

   iron - iron, salt - salt, milk - milk, sugar - sugar, love - love.

2. Nouns advice (advice, advice), information (message, information), progress (success, success), knowledge (knowledge) are used only in the singular.

   He gave me some good advice. He gave me some good advice.
   My coach was satisfied with my progress. My coach was pleased with my progress

3. Nouns news (news, news), money (money), fruit (fruits, fruits) are used in the singular. But, for example, to refer to different types of fruits, the plural is used - fruits.

   What is the news? What's the news?
   It's his money. This is his money.
   Fruit is cheap in autumn. Fruit is cheap in autumn.

4. Among countable nouns, there are those that are used only (or mostly) in the singular form. These are the names of some animals, objects, etc.:

   two sheep - two sheep, six fish - six fish, ten swine - ten pigs, five deer - five deer.

There are nouns that are used only in the singular and only in the plural.

As in Russian, there are nouns in English that are used either only in the singular or only in the plural.

1. Uncountable nouns, as a rule, are used only in the singular. For example, salt - salt, copper - copper, patience - patience. That is, abstract and real nouns usually belong to this series of nouns.

2. In English language a number of nouns are highlighted that can only be used in the singular, although in Russian we can use them in the plural. Remember the following series of nouns:

Knowledge - knowledge, knowledge
advice - advice, tips
progress - success, success
information - information, messages, information

Consider examples with these nouns.
Give him the benefit of your knowledge - Share your knowledge with him.
Father "s advice helped me - Father's advice helped me.
You make progress in football - You are making progress in football.
We have information that you were there yesterday - We have information that you were there yesterday.

3. Remember that a noun news - news, news refers to the singular, although this word has a plural form. Study the following example.
Don "t tell me the bad news - Don't tell me bad news.

4. Sciences that end in -ics should be used in the singular, even though they are plural. For example, such nouns include physics, mathematics. Study the following example.
Statistics is a necessary branch of learning for an economist - Statistics is a necessary discipline for an economist.

5. In Russian, the words hair - hair and money - money are used only in the plural, but it should be remembered that these nouns in English are used only in the singular.

Consider the following examples.
My hair is curly - My hair is wavy.
This money is yours - This money is yours.

6. In Russian, a noun holidays has only the plural form, while in English this noun can only be used in the singular.
My vacation was wonderful - My vacation was wonderful.

7. Word fruit in Russian it can be both singular and plural, however, in English this noun is used only in the singular.
Fruit is healthy - Fruits are healthy.

But in this rule, it must be taken into account that if we are talking O different types fruits, then you need to use the plural form - fruits. Study the following example.
I bought peaches, pears and other fruits - I bought peaches, pears and other fruits.

8. There are a number of nouns in Russian that are used only in the plural. These nouns, as a rule, denote paired objects. For example, scales, trousers, scissors etc. In English, they are also used only in the plural form. Study the following examples.

These scissors are made of steel - These scissors are made of steel.
My trousers are black - My trousers are black.
These scales are wrong - These scales are inaccurate.

9. Study the following series of nouns:

Arms - weapons
goods - goods, goods
proceeds - proceeds
clothes - clothes
riches - wealth, riches
stairs - stairs.

The above nouns in Russian, as a rule, are used in the singular, but in English they are used only in the plural form. Study examples with these nouns.

These arms are highly explosive - This weapon is explosive.
The goods were counterfeit - The goods (goods) were (and) counterfeit (and).
The proceeds of our shop were in a bank - The proceeds of our shop were in the bank.
Your clothes are dirty - Your clothes are dirty.
The riches are not so important for some people - Wealth is not so important for some people.
The stairs are made of wood - The stairs are made of wood.

10. In Russian, nouns wage And content are used only in the singular form, while in English these nouns are usually used in the plural form - wages, contents.

The contents of the book are not understandable for reader - The contents of the book are incomprehensible to the reader.
My wages are low wage low.

11. Study the following nouns:

oats - oats
potatoes - potatoes
carrots - carrots
onions - bow.

The above nouns are used in the plural, although in Russian they have the singular form. Study the sentences with these nouns.

Oats were imported a month ago - Oats were imported from abroad a month ago.
Potatoes are used for different dishes - Potatoes are used for different dishes.
Carrots are necessary ingredient for palaw - Carrots are a necessary ingredient for pilaf.
Onions were cut an hour ago - Onions were cut an hour ago.

But it should be remembered that these nouns are used in the singular, if one unit of something is meant. For example, a carrot - carrot (one root).

12. The last rule of this topic refers to the noun people - people. In English, it is used in the plural.

There are very many people in the theater today - There are a lot of people in the theater today.

If the word people means a nation or people, then this noun can be used both in the plural and in the singular. In the plural, it sounds like peoples. Study the following examples.

The people of a neighboring country is on strike - The people of a neighboring country are on strike.
During the war the peoples of our country combined their efforts - During the war, the peoples of our country joined their efforts.