Ecological project on the topic "Household waste of mankind. How to save your village from garbage". The project "garbage is an eternal topic" A package of milk or juice

Planned meals and thoughtful shopping have a significant impact on volume reduction. food waste. In addition, there are a number of ways to keep food fresh for a long time. And what about the peels, peelings, stems and packaging: why do we throw them away without thinking? After all, they, too, can be given a second life!

1. Coffee grounds

• For a natural shine and silkiness to your hair, mix the rest of the drink with your conditioner and use this mixture once a week.
• When cleaning the fireplace, sprinkle moistened coffee grounds over the ashes so that the dust does not swirl in the air.
• To eliminate unpleasant odors in the refrigerator, put in it a container filled with thick, diluted with water to a mushy state.
• Mix coffee residue with coconut oil - this will be the best natural scrub for your face.

2. Lettuce or celery trimmings

Both of these delicious products grow from their own roots. Just add water!

3. Sprouted potatoes

To grow young vegetables, it is necessary to plant tubers with sprouts in soil or water.

4. Egg cartons

Containers of such an original form can be used for many purposes. You can store fragile Christmas decorations in them, fold golf balls, plant seedlings, use small cells as a palette for paints ...

5. Citrus peel

• For more fiber and nutrients add fresh crusts to your favorite smoothie.
• Insects do not tolerate citrus fruits. After crushing the peel, scatter it around your house - this will serve as a barrier to annoying pests.
• To neutralize bad odors from spoiled waste, place citrus fruit trimmings in the bottom of the trash can.
• If you need to keep the skin soft, put it in a bag of brown sugar and keep it in the refrigerator.
• Making lemon curd is easy! It is necessary to dry the zest, chop it and mix with salt or pepper.

6. Milk or juice bag

• These boxes are coated with wax, making them difficult to recycle. Why not make a birdhouse?
• Use the bottom of the bag to make the base for the planting container.
• You can turn a drink package into a piggy bank with a hole.
• Toddlers can build castles and cities out of tightly sealed boxes with duct tape.

7. Onion and garlic peel

Did you know that onion and garlic shells contain much more nutrients than the fruits themselves? When you decide to make a soup, use the peels as a natural flavor.

8. Watermelon rinds

1. From them you can cook delicious jam or cook various pickles.
2. Rubbing the remnants of the pulp into the skin helps to get rid of acne.

9. Celery leaves

They can be eaten just like the stems! Add the top to soup, stew or smoothie. They can also be used as an edible decoration for your meals.

10. Banana peel

• Can be used as a fertilizer for tomato seedlings.
• To get rid of pests, you need to crush it and fertilize the garden with the resulting mass.
• Rub a banana peel on your skin to relieve itching, rashes, psoriatic plaques, and insect bites.
• When frying boneless meat, add the skin to the pan to keep it from drying out.
• Naterev inside banana peel shoes or silver, you will achieve a natural shine.

11. Stems and leaves of broccoli

Eat them! Freshly chopped leaves make a great addition to a salad. In addition, they can be cooked and eaten like regular cabbage.

12. Leek roots (green onions)

Onions are easy to grow at home. To ensure that the bulb continuously receives nourishment, cut off the shoots, and place it in a jar of water!

13. Oil Wraps

A little oil left on the package can be used to grease baking dishes! Wrapping paper should be folded and stored in the refrigerator until needed.

14. Wine corks

• Use them as miniature containers for planting succulents.
• You can make a bathroom rug from corks cut into disks.
• The corks connected by the side surfaces easily turn into a hot stand.
• To make a cute keychain that will also not sink in water, you need to insert a carabiner into one of the flat parts of the cork.

15. Cabbage stalks

• Freeze them.
• For extra nutrients and fiber, add them to your smoothie or juice.
• Do you want to cook a unique condiment? Dry the stems and then grind them and mix with salt.

16. Apple peels

The pre-dried rind can be used to make a delicious fall tea.
With the help of malic acid, you can get rid of stains on aluminum pots and pans.
To get rid of dark circles under the eyes, place the peel under the lower eyelid for 5-10 minutes.

17. Almond gruel

If you've ever made your own almond milk, chances are you've wondered what to do with the pulp? Just lay it out in a thin layer on a sheet of thick paper and let it dry. Then grind into a powder that can be used for baking!

18. Pineapple Tops

This is true! It takes a little patience and you can actually grow a pineapple from the crown that everyone tends to throw away. You don't even need to live in the tropics to do this.

19. Fruit or vegetable pomace

In the process of making homemade juices from fresh vegetables and fruit remains a lot of pulp. Don't throw it away!

• You can add it to cocktails to give them a richer taste.
• Use the mixture to bake delicious bread.
• From the cake, excellent and completely harmless fruit chips are obtained.
• Pancakes cooked with the addition of fruit pulp will turn out incredibly tasty.

20. Coffee filters

• To make your shoes shine, wipe them down with damp coffee filter paper.
• Pre-cut, use the filters to make wonderful muffins.
• Washed and dried filters can be used to remove dust.
• This is a great replacement for expensive sheet masks for the face, which are used to moisturize and nourish the skin.

21. Eggshell

• To calcinate the soil, add powdered shells to it.
• Lay her down flower pot as a drain.
• Eggshells crushed and added to pet food will provide your pet with a source of calcium.
• To make cheap coffee less bitter, add powdered shells to it.

22. Meat bones

Leave them overnight in a slow cooker along with not too rich homemade broth, and by morning it will become fragrant and nutritious.

23. Pickle

When all the pickles from the jar have been eaten, place fresh cucumbers in the remaining pickle. So you will get salted cucumbers fast food!

24. Packaging nets for vegetables and fruits

A few simple movements, and such a grid will turn into a homemade grater for cleaning the bottoms of pots and pans.

25. Paper towel cylinders

Such rollers will always find application in the house. Cord retainer is one of the best options use them!

26. Container of grated parmesan cheese

Wash it and dry it, after which you can store anything in it. These can be seasonings or any other product (such as salt or baking soda) that needs to be sprinkled.

27. Packing nets for onions or potatoes

They can be used to create a unique gift wrap, as well as a bag for children's toys or laundry.

28. Apple cores

In order to make delicious fruit vinegar, use not only these, but also other fruit leftovers.

29. Carrot tops

• Add to soup or stew.
• When making your own pesto sauce, add carrot stems as an option.
• In addition, the tops can be grown from the cut tops of carrots!

Acquainted with these wonderful and, of course, useful tips on the recycling of household waste, you involuntarily think about more global issues. Recently, the population began to throw away an increasing number of packages, household appliances, etc.

Today the problem of necessity reuse things seem especially poignant! If you understand it properly, you can understand that, by gaining a second life, seemingly unnecessary waste contributes to saving energy and natural resources.

Garbage - eternal theme.(1)

Well, now let's talkabout what everyone knows

That very often we litter,on the street and at home,

That all waste beyond the thresholdthrow it any way

And as long as he is healthy, there is little worries about this.

(2) In the process of life, it is common for a person to leave all sorts of garbage and various waste behind him.

We often see on the streets of our city a huge amount of garbage scattered along fences and houses.. Where does garbage come from? How can I shorten this a large number of waste? And how does it affect the environment?

This is howsubject research: "Garbage is an eternal topic."

(3) Purpose of the study: consider the current situation with the disposal of household waste.

Research objectives:

1. find out the problems of garbage disposal;

2. study waste recycling technologies;

3. consider the issue of separate waste collection;

4. conduct research on how waste can be recycled;

5. participate in educational activities on this topic.

(4) Research hypothesis

We assumed that household waste violates the ecology of our planet and harms the health of the population.Let's try to assume that they can be reused.

Impact of waste on the environment.

(5) The "garbage" problem is one of the most urgent now. Every year, about 7 billion tons of waste is generated in Russia, of which only 2 billion tons are reused. A person cannot live without leaving solid household waste (MSW) behind.

(6) Huge amounts of household waste are generated daily in cities. Huge mountains of stale garbage are not only not beautiful, but also very dangerous for the health and life of the entire population.

(7) Municipal solid waste emits an unpleasant odor and is a breeding ground for pathogenic bacteria, insects and rodents - vectors infectious diseases.

(8)

(9) The increase in the amount of household waste is due to the following reasons:

Growth in the production of disposable consumer goods;

Increase in the amount of packaging;

An increase in the standard of living, allowing usable things to be replaced with new ones.

(10) Bulk household waste does not decompose in natural conditions or has a very long decomposition period. For example, paper takes 2 years to decompose, a tin can takes 90 years, an aluminum cola can takes 500 years, and glass takes over 1,000 years to decompose.

The question arises, what to do with municipal solid waste?

(11) There are three main options for handling this waste:

1 - organization of landfills,

2 - burning,

3 - secondary processing

(12) 1. Organization of landfills. This is the most environmentally friendly option.waste disposal. Waste is unloaded from containers and leveled using special equipment. A layer of debris of a certain thickness is periodically covered with soil, after which waste is poured again.

(13) 2. Incineration. When burning MSW in waste incineration plants, it is possible to reduce their volume and obtain some amount of energy. But burning pollutes the atmosphere.

(14) 3. Secondary processing. (Sorting and processing).This is the most environmentally friendly way to deal with solid waste. Recycling MSW is very profitable, as there is always a demand for secondary raw materials - paper, glass, plastic, aluminum, non-ferrous metals and more.

The situation with processing is still difficult. No more than 2% is recycled, as waste sorting is a major problem in Russia.

Firstly, not everywhere there are special containers for separate waste collection.

Secondly, people do not realize the need to dispose of household waste.

(15) The main directions in the processing of solid waste

Recycled materials are “secondary material resources that can currently be used in the national economy.

At waste processing plants, scrap of ferrous metals is isolated from garbage with the help of magnets. This scrap metal is pressed and sent for remelting to metallurgical plants.

Car tirescrushed mechanically to the state of crumbs, from which they later make beach slippers, floor mats, bedding, road surface,Pyrocarbon is a black powder widely used for the production of rubber and plastics.

Food and garden waste is used to make fertilizer.

Recycled plastic is again used to make bottles, the basis for linoleum, tiles, furniture for summer cafes.

And the well-known waste paper is used for the production of various types of new paper, cardboard, egg trays, packaging for household appliances, pots for planting seeds, disposable cups.

Pressed sticks with high heat dissipation are made from waste from woodworking production. They are called pallets or fuel pellets.

(16) In the orphanage where I now live, there are many children - this is our big family. Each child has his own birthday once a year, I try to congratulate everyone, especially the kids, and I don’t forget about the teachers. So I figured out how to partially use different packaging, other waste material. There is no need to rush to throw them away, because cardboard and plastic are easy to process: they can be cut with scissors, a knife, glued, etc. I make toys, decorations, decorative items, Easter egg stands, original dolls, girls' bags, boxes for stationery, pencil glasses, crafts for exhibitions and much more, and I call on everyone “Guys, make something useful out of garbage! »

Any handmade work , carries positive energy, as it keeps the warmth of the hands and conveys a personal attitude towards the person to whom it is intended present.

Previously, I did not think about the fact that much of this garbage can get a new use, becoming the basis for the original crafts. And if you throw less garbage, then the environment will be cleaner.

Conclusion: Because of low level ecological culture, most people do not think about the consequences at all: they leave behind a lot of garbage, which is why great harm ecology of our entire planet.

(18) Household waste is a serious environmental problem of all mankind, which is harmful to health, which confirms the hypothesis of the study.

(19) Let's protect our city from dirt and debris!

Municipal budgetary educational institution

average comprehensive school № 11

urban district of Vyksa, Nizhny Novgorod region

"Trash and its second life"

Branch elementary school

I've done the work:

3rd grade student "A"

Malyshev Matvey

Scientific adviser:

primary school teacher

MBOU secondary school No. 11

Komkova Maria Gennadievna

2015

Abstract………………………………………………………………………………3

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………...4

Main part

Information - research stage……………………………….…….6

Analysis of the survey of schoolchildren………………..………….……………...…9

Waste recycling……………………………………………...10

Creative - practical stage

Practical tips…………………………………………………...……….14

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………..…...16

References…………………………………………………………………17

Annex 1……………………………………………………………………….18

Appendix 2…………………………………………………………………….20

Annex 3…………………………………………………………………….21

annotation

My work is devoted to the topic of garbage and its second life. I was very interested in this topic. After all, the problem of garbage disposal always worries many, and therefore I decided to find out how to deal with it and find out what can be done from garbage.

Target my job is to learn all about ways to dispose of garbage, learn through practical work find useful application household waste, thereby making a feasible contribution to partial recycling and reduction of landfills.

Having set this goal, I outlined the main tasks of your work:

How can waste be recycled?

make useful products from household waste.

Introduction

In the process of life, it is common for a person to leave all sorts of garbage and various waste behind him. Every home produces a huge amount of various household waste, which is eventually thrown into landfills and burned.

The garbage problem last years came to the fore among other environmental problems. According to experts, at present, each inhabitant of the planet accounts for an average of about one ton of garbage per year. The increase in the amount of household waste is due to the following reasons:

Growth in the production of disposable consumer goods;

Increase in the amount of packaging;

An increase in the standard of living, allowing usable things to be replaced with new ones.

Most household waste does not biodegrade or has a very long decomposition time. For example, paper takes 2 years to decompose, a tin can takes 90 years, an aluminum cola can takes 500 years, and glass takes over 1,000 years to decompose.

Our family throws out a lot of garbage every day: plastic bottles, food packaging, plastic bags, glass containers for various products, boxes, candy wrappers, etc. Total and do not list. Previously, I did not think about the fact that much of this garbage can get a new use, becoming the basis for the original crafts. And if you throw less garbage, then the environment will be more environmentally friendly.

in Vyksa this moment There is only one option for waste disposal - removal to city ​​dump. But does it solve the problem household waste disposal in an ecological sense? No and no again.

Household waste in the form of packaging material pollute the environment. Most of them do not decompose in natural conditions or have a very long decomposition period. To make the environment cleaner, we need to reduce the number of discarded packages, and for this they need to be given a new life.

And then I decided to conduct a study on the topic: "Garbage and its" second life ".

Objective of the project:

learn all about waste disposal methods.

learn through practical work to find a useful use for household waste, thereby making a feasible contribution to partial recycling and reduction of landfills.

Tasks:

identify what kind of household waste is most in the classroom and at home;

find out which wastes decompose faster;

get acquainted with the ways of "fighting" with household waste, namely with the safest - the method of disposal;

How can waste be recycled?

learn new technologies for working with different waste material;

make useful products from household waste;

Deadlines:

October 2014 - January 2015

My teacher helped me in my work: Komkova M.G. and my mother Malysheva A.Yu..

So, the work consists of several stages:

selection and study of literature;

conducting creative work for making crafts secondary garbage.

questioning of students of grades 3 MBOU secondary school No. 11;

performance at class hour in the Z "A" class with practical advice.

Based on the results of the conducted research and on the basis of experiment and questioning, it is possible to give practical advice on the use of the materials of this study.

Main part.

Information - research stage.

Exploring this problem From magazines, encyclopedias, textbooks on ecology, the Internet, I learned that, it turns out, the problem of household waste is relevant for all countries of the world.

It turned out that:

200 thousand years BC e. - the first garbage heaps found by archaeologists.

400 BC e. - in Athens, the first ever municipal landfill was founded.

200 - in Rome there was a city service for garbage collection.

1315 - after a long break in Paris, garbage collection resumed.

1388 - English Parliament banned throwing garbage on the streets.

1775 - The first garbage cans appeared in London.

1800 - The City of New York ordered pigs to be driven onto the streets of the city, which were supposed to eat garbage.

1874 - Organized burning of city garbage begins in Nottingham.

1897 - The first waste sorting and recycling center opens in New York.

1932 - machines that press garbage are invented in the USA.

1942 - in the USSR and the USA, a massive collection of garbage for processing for military purposes begins.

1948 - Fresh Kills landfill opened in New York, still the largest in the world.

1965 - The US Congress passes the Solid Waste Management Act.

2000 - EU countries set a goal to achieve recycling and reuse of 50% of waste.

On average, each inhabitant of the Earth accumulates about a ton of waste per year, which is more than 5 billion tons. In each country, garbage problems have their own characteristics, but wherever there is garbage, there are also landfills. There are landfills "wild" and specially equipped. "Wild" landfills are well known to all of us. On wastelands, abandoned construction sites, on the edges of forests, along automobile and railways dump, despite the prohibitions, the most diverse garbage.

Of all this garbage, solid domestic waste poses a serious threat to environmental pollution. Garbage dumps significantly affect all components of the environment and are a powerful pollutant of air, soil, and groundwater. These dumps are also breeding grounds for mice, rats, insects and can become sources of infectious diseases. A special place among household waste is occupied by plastics and synthetic materials, since they are not subject to biological destruction processes and can remain in the environment for a long time. So, for example, a plastic bag left by us will lie in the ground for several centuries. There are no bacteria on Earth that can destroy it. And fragments of glass, cans, bottles are capable of “working” like mines even after 1000 years: in sunny weather, a piece of glass can play the role of a lens and cause a fire. And how many people get injured because of broken glass, which can easily cut through even shoes.

I found out that it takes a very long time for household waste to decompose.

Glass bottles - 1000 years;

Plastic products - 100 years;

Tin cans - 50 - 80 years

Rubber soles of boots - 50 - 40 years;

Skin - 50 years;

Nylon products - 30 - 40 years;

Polyethylene bag - 10 - 20 years;

Batteries - 10 years;

Cigarette butts - 1 - 5 years;

Woolen sock - 1 - 5 years;

Paper - 2 years;

Orange or banana peel-2 - 5 weeks.

During the week we monitored the accumulation of garbage in the classroom and at home.

Paper

Plastic

Glass

Food waste

Textile

Leather, etc. .

Day of the week

House

School

House

School

House

School

House

School

House

School

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Resurrection

+ :was

- :was not

Conclusion: At home, household waste (paper, plastic, food waste) accumulates the most.

The school mostly accumulates paper.

The amount of household waste is growing every day at a rapid pace. And only 5% of household waste is recycled by the industrial method.

World practice offers the following ways that make it possible to get rid of household waste:

method of burial (in the ground, in water bodies);

combustion method;

disposal.

The first two ways are not harmless to our environment. They carry a serious environmental hazard. The recycling method is the most effective way to solve the problem of getting rid of garbage, but to do this, it is necessary to build recycling plants and change the habitual behavior of people, everyone needs to learn how to sort household waste, as is done, for example, in Germany. There, the batteries of garbage barrels near the houses are painted in 3 colors: gray, yellow, green.

in a gray barrel carry newspapers, magazines and cardboard boxes;

in a yellow barrel throw away cans, bottles, plastic, paper, and metal packaging;

the green barrel is for for biodegradable food waste that will later be composted.

In general, the problem of eliminating garbage, namely household, in modern world is particularly acute. To a greater extent, this applies to our country. So, for example, the first waste incineration plant in Russia was built only 102 years after the opening of a similar one in England. And now the number of waste processing plants can be counted on the fingers.

There is so much rubbish all over the place that If do not recycle it, it will cover the entire planet.

Analysis of the survey of schoolchildren.

I conducted a survey among 3rd grade students of MBOU secondary school No. 11.

The pupils were offered a questionnaire (see Appendix 2) about their understanding of the problem of environmental pollution. 49 people participated in the survey. To the first question of the questionnaire about whether they throw garbage into a bin outside the house, 40 people answered that they do, yes, they throw it away, and 9 people that they do not. When asked if children separate garbage, 11 people answered that they do, the rest do not. When asked if they throw away unwanted items in good condition, most said they don't. As it turned out, many guys do not know how garbage is disposed of.

Only 15 people know that there are places for collecting secondary waste in the city.

Based on the results of the study, we can say that not all children know how to dispose of garbage and what can be done from it. Therefore, the indicators of the appearance of new landfills and the increase in size are growing every day.

Waste recycling.

Glass.

Used glassware is very easy to recycle. Undamaged cans and bottles do not need to be recycled, after processing they can be used again for their intended purpose. Broken glass can be remelted.

Glass is a durable and wear-resistant material. By itself, it does not harm the environment, but broken glass hazardous to people and animals. In nature, glass waste breaks down over several hundred years, cracking and crumbling from temperature changes. The end product of the decomposition of glass containers is glass chips, similar in appearance to sand.

The bulk of glass waste is not recycled, but is disposed of in landfills.

Scrap metal.

Most often in scrap metal there are products made of iron or cast iron. Iron compounds can cause significant harm to the environment - they are poisonous to many organisms. In addition, pieces of ejected metal are traumatic for people and animals.

Scrap metal decomposes under the influence of oxygen, eventually forming iron oxide. The rate of decomposition of metal products - for 10-20 years, one millimeter in depth (in fresh water- for 3-5 years, in salty - for a year or two).

Scrap metal is the most recyclable material. Recycling of scrap metal is of great importance for the economy and the environment. It allows you to unload already depleted ore deposits, reduce fuel costs for smelting the most important metals, as well as significantly reduce associated costs (for example, transportation).

Foil products and aluminum cans can also be recycled. In nature, foil can lie on the ground for up to 20-30 years (and aluminum cans - up to several hundred!), Forming generally harmless aluminum oxide and salts under the action of oxygen. Most safe way recycling of products based on aluminum (excluding remelting) - burial.

Leather.

Even from small, worthless scraps of leather, there is much to be gained.

From the old belt you will get easy-to-make, reliable and non-creaking loops for the lid of the box, easel, casket.

It is easy to make beautiful spines for book bindings from scraps of belts.

Strip soft thin skin, pasted on the inside of the metal watch bracelet, make it more convenient.

If you are tired of metal and plastic bracelets, then, having mastered the techniques of decorative leather finishing, you can make a comfortable and soft leather watch strap to your taste.

Using the same techniques, it is easy to make a comfortable and durable bookmark out of leather.

A strip of thin leather, folded lengthwise in half or three and glued, can be sewn as a hanger to a coat or jacket. It is much stronger and more durable than cloth and is not as rough as metal chain hangers.

Another example is to use absolutely useless skin waste as a protein fertilizer for growing vegetables. Skin scraps are crushed, poured with water, boiled and dried. It turns out a gray powder, which contains 9-14% nitrogen and many valuable trace elements. The free fertilizer turned out to be highly effective: the yield of potatoes increased by 30%, and that of tomatoes - by 35%.

And fodder flour is made from the waste of leather production.

Paper.

Waste paper accounts for 40% of all solid waste and is typically used printed matter consisting of paper (sometimes treated with preservatives), cardboard and ink. Despite the fact that paper decomposes for 2-3 years, it does not cause any harm to nature. However, paints and protective coatings can release substances that are toxic to humans during decomposition.

Waste paper has a great potential for recycling. It is used for the production of paper for various purposes, packaging and building materials. 1 ton of waste paper replaces about 4 cubic meters of wood, so the collection and rational disposal of paper waste will help to significantly reduce deforestation. Old papers are soaked, cleaned and shredded to obtain fibers - cellulose. Further, the process is identical to the process of making paper from timber.

When burning paper waste, harmful dioxides are formed - combustion products of paint and printing ink. This method is not rational for the disposal of this kind of waste.

Plastic.

In the modern world, no enterprise can do without the use of polymer materials. Therefore, the recycling of plastic waste has great potential - it is possible to obtain polymer raw materials used in the manufacture of products from recycled plastic. Products, depending on quality standards, can be made entirely from recycled plastic raw materials, or from a certain proportion of primary and secondary plastic.

Discarded plastic products interfere with gas exchange in soil and water bodies and pose a threat to animals. There are many examples when a swallowed package led to the death of an animal - even whales have died. Plastic containers are resistant to aggressive environments and are not digested by the animal's body.

In addition, plastic releases toxic substances when burned and decomposes, which can take over 100 years.

Food waste.

When food waste is burned, substances harmful to human health are released - dioxides. This once again confirms the need to sort waste before recycling it.

The safest method of disposal of organic waste is composting. During this process, the content of substances easily absorbed by plants - phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, and others - increases in the organic mass, and unfavorable flora and microorganisms are neutralized.

Thus, with proper and timely disposal of organic waste, this type of waste not only does not harm nature, but can also be used as natural fertilizer.

More than half of this waste can be recycled and reused. Let's start with ourselves and try not to litter our planet so much. To do this, we will use at least elementary methods to reduce the amount of garbage.

In Vyksa there is a separate collection of plastic bottles, cardboard and mercury-containing lamps. The nearest such site to us is located in the Central district. (See Appendix 3).

The city operates an organization for the disposal of secondary waste.

In total, there are 68 container sites for separate waste collection on the territory of Vyksa. 11 mesh containers for collecting waste paper and PET bottles have been installed at the following addresses:

M-on Gogol, 19; on st. Art. Razina, d. 9 A; on st. Krasnye Zori, 25A, 33.38 and 45; in the m-one Central, d. 6A; Red Square, 16; st. Vavilina, d. 11 A; m-on Zhukovsky; Anniversary; st. Pushkin.

Ecoboxes for mercury-containing lamps are also located in the city, at container sites at the following addresses:

st. Art. Razina, d. 9 A; m-on Zhukovsky (behind school No. 9); m-on Gogol (mag. "Okeanchik"); m-on Yubileiny, 10 (near the kindergarten). There are plans to install more on the street. Belyakova, d.28; st. Pushkin in the Mag. "Order", as well as on the territory of the district in r.p. Doschatoe, p. Novodmitrievka and Druzhba village.

Even JSC "VSW" is implementing a project for the separate collection of waste belonging to the category of recycled materials.

Creative - practical stage.

Practical advice.

So, having studied the literature on the use and disposal of garbage, I found out the different types of waste processing and spoke to the children of the 3rd grade with practical advice.

Glass can be recycled an unlimited number of times. As a rule, it is sorted by color, cleaned, melted down and reused: new bottles, decorative ornaments and even flooring are produced.

Hand over bottles and jars to glass container collection points. If you throw them away, then put them in a separate bag and put them next to garbage can to be passed on to others.

Canning aluminum banks from drinks can be melted down into new cans. Steel cans are used in the production of various parts.

In Russia, unfortunately, aluminum and steel are processed only in industry, and there are few places where cans can be collected. Therefore, just do not leave cans of drinks anywhere, but throw them in the trash.

Plastic bottles can be recycled and used again. In some countries, furniture and accessories are made from remelted bottles. The best solution is to sort the garbage. For this, containers for selective waste are already appearing. For plastic bottles the yellow tank is intended. In some areas there are collection points for plastic bottles.

Cardboard packaging Juices are the most difficult to recycle, because they usually consist of a layer of aluminum foil or polyethylene in addition to cardboard to keep liquid out. If you are relaxing outside the city, then do not throw such packages into a local landfill, but burn them at the stake.

Plastic bags buyers take at the checkouts of supermarkets. Tens of billions of non-recyclable bags are used every year. Try not to take extra bags at the supermarket. Even better: go back to the Soviet-era tradition and go to the store with your own bag.

Paper And cardboard make up about 1/3 of the household waste that we throw away. They are the easiest to recycle and use again. IN Soviet times waste paper was accepted in each district. At present, in Russia, the organizations that do this accept mainly large parties. But you can hand over the accumulated paper and cardboard free of charge by bringing them yourself to the collection point.

Fabric products, which we throw away every year, are mostly good clothes, which, according to objective characteristics, can still be worn. Clothes that are out of fashion, curtains, tablecloths can be donated to homeless shelters or churches, from where these things will get to those who need them. New items can be returned to Orphanage or boarding school.

And just try not to buy superfluous and useless goods, calculate the amount of material required for your needs.

In addition, I suggested my own way of recycling used items and things.

There are no unnecessary things, but there is little imagination!

Routing making decorative items.

stage number

Sequence of work.

Tools and fixtures

waste material

Disks CD ; banks; used deodorant balls; plastic wine glasses, jar lids; email light bulbs; wallpaper cuts.

Create a sketch

Simple pencil and eraser

Additional material

Satin ribbons; plasticine; acrylic paints, stained glass; nail polish; PVA glue; napkins; lace trims; leftovers from gift wrapping, stickers.

Sticking waste material, cutting a hole

Glue, scissors, tape, stationery knife.

Painting products

Acrylic, stained glass paints, nail polish

An example of my work can be seen in Appendix 1.

Here you will see items that can serve you for some time. Can be used as a souvenir, as a vase, decanter, or as a decorative interior decoration.

Another important result of my research work is that I learned a lot of new and interesting things about household waste, and also learned how to work with different materials(plastic, cellophane, glass and others) and shared his discoveries with classmates.

Conclusion

Working on the project, I seriously thought about the problem of environmental pollution with household waste and realized that every family can partially solve this problem. And for this you need to dream up a little and make wonderful items from used packages that can be useful, decorate home interior, become a good gift for friends and family

As a result of research on the use of solid waste in the home, extending the life of plastic bottles, tetra-packs, cans and other packaging materials, I came to the following conclusions:

economic (save the family budget by creating unusual crafts that can please family and friends);

aesthetic (we enjoy creating various products with our own hands);

ecological (by extending the life of plastic bottles and other packaging material, we do not litter the environment!)

At the end of my research, I spoke to the children of grade 3, where I talked about the use of recycled waste and the manufacture of various crafts from it.

Bibliography.

1. Gomarovich E.S. "What the city breathes." M .: "Chemistry", 1990

2. Zakhlebny A.N. "A Book to Read on Conservation". M.: Enlightenment, 1986

3. Konopleva N.P. "Second life of things". "Enlightenment", Moscow, 1993

4. Protasov V.F. "Ecology, health and environmental protection in Russia", M.: "Finance and statistics", 2001

5. Rodionov S.K. etc. "What is garbage". M .: "Chemistry", 1991

6. Hoefling G. "Anxiety in 2000". M.: "Thought", 1990

7. Khotuntsev Yu. L. “Man, technology, environment”. M.: "Sustainable world", 2001

Internet resources

Istoknn.ru /ustanovka-kontejnerov-v-vykse

Vyksa.RF

Annex 1

Materials for making crafts.

My finished crafts

Appendix 2

Questionnaire for students of grades 3 MBOU secondary school No. 11

Questions

Yes

No

1

Do you throw garbage in a bin outside the house?

2

Do you separate garbage before throwing it away?

3

Do you throw away unnecessary things: equipment, clothes, shoes, toys, in good condition?

4

Do you know how garbage is disposed of?

5

Do you know how trash can be recycled?

6

Do you know what can be made from household waste?

7

Do you often buy things that soon become unnecessary?

8

Do you know where in our city there are places for collecting secondary waste (plastic bottles, cardboard, paper, mercury-containing lamps)?

Annex 3

Me, looking for waste bins in the city of Vyksa

Let's make the world cleaner or garbage and its second lifeproject

Sibiryakova Aitalina Semyonovna,tutor of the first categoryMBDOU CRR Kindergarten "Kuncheen"With. Dyabyla MO Churapchinsky ulus (district)The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Project relevance. Garbage is a problem that each of us faces every day in a city, village, on the street, in public transport, forest, on the river. All new landfills and landfills appear at an incredible rate, despite the fact that many types of waste take a very long time to decompose or not at all. Is it possible that in a few years our planet will become one huge dump? This question worries everyone.

Most preschoolers are very fond of walking in nature, walking with their parents in the park and forest, and going on excursions. But everyone is upset that almost everywhere there is a lot of garbage. Traveling with their parents to different countries, children pay attention to the cleanliness around, various garbage disposal devices in foreign cities and compare them with the streets of their native city. Endless questions “Why do we have so much garbage?”, “Where does it come from?”, “How does it affect human health and all living things?” led to the idea of ​​creating the project "Trash and its second life". The cooperation of the kindergarten with the families of children in the ecological direction, jointly organized events not only help to ensure the unity and continuity of the pedagogical process, but also bring into this process the special positive emotional coloring necessary for the child.

The most effective way to implement the tasks of environmental education is to organize project activities together with parents and children. Participation in environmental actions, subbotniks, landscaping, work on environmental projects - a unique opportunity for children and parents to express themselves, to benefit the natural environment of their native land.

Project type: Cognitive and creative.

Project participants: Children are teachers and parents.

Age: children 6-7 years old

Project duration: long-term

Problem: nature conservation, an attempt to solve the "garbage problem".

Objective of the project: educating the younger generation of love and respect for the environment, their small homeland, to form children's knowledge about various types nature protection activities.

Project objectives:

1. Expand children's ideas about nature, develop interest in the knowledge of nature.

2. Enriching the moral experience, fostering love for the environment, keep it clean and beautiful.

3. To expand the idea that nothing disappears without a trace in nature, to form ideas about the expediency of recycling household and household waste;

4. Promote the active involvement of parents in joint activities with a child in a family and kindergarten.

Novelty of the ecological project lies in the use of information computer technologies. The main fact that ensures the effectiveness of the educational process is the personal involvement of children and parents in eventful life. Using new technologies that are exciting for a new generation, this inclusion can be ensured. The project allows children and parents to do what they love and at the same time benefit the world around them. Only by joint efforts can we solve the main task - to educate an environmentally literate person.

Research methods:

Study of literary sources

· Reflection. “What is garbage?”, “Is landfill always the only way out?”, “ Ecological problems"," How to be?

· Observation, questioning, situations, practical part.

Stages:

Stage 1 Preparatory

development of the content of the project, term 2 months. Definition of the problem: setting goals and objectives.

Target: Setting motivation, goals, objectives for the implementation of the project "Second Life of Garbage". Material selection. Definition of methodical, popular science, fiction, illustrations

Creation of conditions for reading artistic and ecological literature.

2. Main stage (creative research)

Target: Identification of the causes of the appearance of garbage; Study of methods of sorting, processing and disposal of waste;

One of the ways of its effectiveness is to use a variety of forms and methods of work:

• - Ecological activities.
• – Ecological excursions.
• - Lessons in kindness.
• - Ecological circles.
• - Environmental competitions.
• - KVN, auction, marathon, quiz "Field of Miracles" and so on.
• – Ecological actions.
• - Discussing and acting out situations.
• - Labor landing.
• – Club of researchers of nature.
• – Laboratory of the young ecologist.
• – Ecological museums.
• – Ecological holidays and festivals.
• – Ecological games(role-playing, didactic, simulation, ecosystem simulation games, competitive games - travel and so on).

Interaction with children

cognitive development

Conversation: "A talk about garbage, and what can be done to reduce garbage."

Target: give children an idea about the problem of garbage. Talk about the dangers of landfills for nature and humans. Teach children to be responsible for nature. To convey to the children the importance of this problem and show some ways out of this situation. Offer to think about solving the problem of garbage by the children in the village. and at home.

Conversation : « The earth is our common home and we will save it.”

Target: Education in children of a humane attitude towards nature, the desire to preserve and preserve the beauty of nature.

Tasks: Continuation of the formation of skills of a culture of behavior in nature; Expansion of ideas that everything in nature is interconnected; material resources (waste paper).

Didactic games:"Take the trash right." "Separate garbage"

Examining illustrations on the topic : « Rubbish all around us

GCD on ecology on the topic : "Let's take a smart look at the garbage"

Target: Expanding children's understanding of the recycling of household waste.

Tasks: To cultivate love, respectful and careful attitude towards the nature around us; desire to take good care of her. Familiarization of children with the problems of environmental pollution; with the possibility of recycling waste material. Development of cognitive activity of children in the process of learning about the problems of the city; ability to observe and draw conclusions. Strengthen the ability to intelligently use various materials. Activate the dictionary (sort, waste material, household waste).

Artistic and aesthetic development

Reading environmental stories and fairy tales.

Examination of illustrations on the topic: "Save the planet from garbage"

GCD on manual labor (collective) "Vase with daisies from waste material."

Objectives: To develop respect for the environment. The development of the ability to work in a team together. Consolidation of the ability to work with waste material, use it for the right purposes. Strengthening the ability to create a composition from a vase and flowers.

Exhibition "Miracles for people and unnecessary things"

Socio-communicative development

Help the teacher in cleaning the group room from debris.

Labor assignments:"Help the kids in cleaning the area from garbage." "Cleaning the group area from garbage"

Target: Education of diligence, accuracy, respect for the environment .

Didactic games: " Pick up the trash properly. "Separate garbage"

Speech development

• Reading environmental stories and fairy tales
• Examination of the illustrations "Garbage around us",
• Solving riddles.
• Interaction with parents:

1. Visual propaganda for parents "Planet Earth" - "The second life of unnecessary things", "How to teach a child not to pollute the environment"

2. Master class "The second life of unnecessary things"

3. Exhibition competition "Autumn fantasies"

4. Exhibition of works based on the results of the project.

3.Final stage

1. Joint event "Protect the planet"

2. Exhibition of works

3Presentation of the project for teachers, parents

Final result:

• - children's awareness of the importance of nature conservation, that it is impossible to litter mindlessly. Children will understand that they need to take care of things, take care of them, make original gifts from discarded items, various aids for educational, theatrical and play activities.
• - direct participation of parents and children in the organization of various environmental activities– landscaping and decoration of the site in the kindergarten using “household waste”

Bibliography:

1. Deryabo, S.D. Ecological pedagogy and psychology / S.D. Deryabo, V.A. Yasvin. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 1996.

2. Evdokimova, E.S. Pedagogical support of the family in the upbringing of a preschooler / E.S. Evdokimov. - M.: TC Sphere, 2005.

3. Zhernevskaya, T.V. The system of cooperation with parents as a condition for optimization environmental education preschoolers /T.V. Zhernevskaya, L.A. Maltnova //Management of preschool educational institution. - 2007. - №3.

4. Zvereva, O.L., Krotova, T.V. Communication between a teacher and parents in a preschool educational institution: a methodological aspect / O.L. Zvereva, T.V. Krotov. - M.: TC Sphere, 2005.

5. Zinovieva, M.V. Influence of parenting style on the development of preconditions for worldview in children preschool age: dissertation for the soisk. scientist step. cand. psychological sciences: (19.00.13) / M.V. Zinoviev. - Moscow, 2001.

6. Martynovich, V.A. Introducing children 6-7 years old to nature: the interaction of the preschool educational institution with the family / V.A. Martynovich //Management of a preschool educational institution. - 2005. - No. 2.

7. "We". The program of environmental education for children / N. N. Kondratieva et al. - St. Petersburg: Detstvo-Press, 2003.