In the modern world, large and even. How the modern world is changing our thinking. The issue of peace and disarmament

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Why in the modern world, where there is everything to meet the needs, and even more, people continue to feel miserable? This issue is now being considered at the state level, and some countries, such as the UAE and Bhutan, have appointed happiness ministers. Europe and Russia are seriously considering repeating this experience. Technology is developing too fast, life is accelerating, and we simply do not have time to adapt to everything. But there is always a way out.

We are in website also decided to figure out what prevents us from being happy and how to deal with it.

1. Abundance of choice

Modern civilization has rewarded us with many benefits and freedom of choice. We tend to believe that great variety brings more satisfaction, but paradoxically, abundance limits our freedom of choice.

Sociologist Barry Schwartz, in his book The Paradox of Choice, writes that daily decision making is becoming more and more difficult due to the huge number of alternatives. Having to constantly choose can be debilitating, time-consuming and challenging to question any of our decisions before they are even made. Ultimately, all this can lead to irritation, stress, and even severe depression.

What to do?

• Realize that for the most part choice is an illusion. When you're racking your brains in the store over which of 10 chocolates to choose, 8 of them are likely to be made in the same factory.
• Follow your habits. Instead of trying dozens of toothpastes, settle on the one that's right for you in terms of price, quality, and features.
• Do not question decisions made. Ask loved ones to support you to build your self-confidence.

2. Information overload

The Internet has given us access to almost any information, but the problem is that most of it is useless. Internet founder Tim Berners-Lee said in an open letter that World Wide Web lies spread faster than the truth, because resources earn on clicks, which means that they are interested in making the most provocative and shocking (and therefore fictional or embellished) materials that come across to the eyes of users as much as possible. In addition, information garbage overloads our brain, which leads to fatigue and neurological disorders.

What to do?

• Do not subscribe to sites that are similar to each other. Information on them may be duplicated, as a result, you will spend time watching repetitions or similar materials.
• Do not leave your contact details anywhere: this way you will protect yourself from unnecessary spam. If they still call you, then ask to be removed from the database, referring to the law on non-disclosure of personal data.

3. Gadgets

It makes no sense to explain how gadgets have simplified our lives. But they also added problems to us - from a banal deterioration in vision to a serious addiction. In addition, scientists from the University of Texas at Austin believe that daily smartphone use worsens mental capacity and depresses the psyche. Today we can no longer imagine our life without a phone and a computer. Instead of using them for their intended purpose, we hide in gadgets, in the world of the Internet and virtual reality. We replace the natural with the artificial and therefore feel miserable.

What to do?

• Try to use gadgets less often. Writer Daniel Seeberg devoted an entire book to this idea called "Digital Diet", where he shared exercises and rules that help stop using gadgets by inertia. For example, he advises declaring the bedroom a phone-free place and using a regular alarm clock.
• Turn off audio messages: this way you will be less likely to be distracted and reduce the temptation to pick up your phone.
• keep order in e-mail, messages, on pages in social networks.

4. Fast paced life

The speed of life is only increasing every year. In order to respond quickly, we must constantly be on our toes and be efficient. But, on the other hand, if you accelerate too much, you can fly into a ditch through a nervous breakdown, catch a disease, and earn professional burnout. Today, time is the most valuable currency. Therefore, we shorten words, meet only on business, and perceive multitasking as a work norm.

What to do?

• Schedule 10-15 minutes a day to meditate or just contemplate. You can look at the fish in the aquarium or how the candle burns. This will help you slow down and clear your head.
• Try to replace multitasking with step-by-step planning whenever possible. Scientists from Stanford University consider this option to organize the day the most effective.

5. Consumer society

The concept of consumption for Lately changed dramatically: we no longer fix things, but change. Sociologist Erich Fromm believed that many modern people do not live in the full sense of the word - they try to expand their world through the acquisition of things, and their life is reduced to a race for possession. Even when a person gets an education, he wants to have a diploma, not knowledge and experience. He has no understanding of how he himself exists in this world and what is the meaning of his life path.

Fashion changes every season, new, more perfect things are released daily, updates and additions to them - hourly. In the pursuit of things, a person loses himself and the ability to adequately analyze his needs.

We present to your attention a video lesson on the topic “The essence of global problems. Relationship and interdependence. In the course of the development of civilization, complex problems constantly arose before mankind. In this lesson, we will discuss what contributed to the aggravation of the problems in the 20th century and consider their essence, affecting the planetary scale. We will learn about the classification of global problems of mankind, about their interrelation and interdependence.

Topic: Global problems of mankind

Lesson: The essence of global problems. Relationship and interdependence

In the course of the development of civilization, global problems began to arise before humanity. Today, humanity is faced with the most acute global problems that threaten the very existence of civilization and even life itself on our planet.

The term “global” itself originates from the Latin word “globe”, that is, the Earth, the globe, and since the end of the 60s of the XX century it has become widespread to refer to the most important and urgent planetary problems of the modern era affecting humanity as a whole. .

Global problems of our time is a set of socio-natural problems, on the solution of which depends social progress humanity and the preservation of civilization. These problems are characterized by dynamism, they arise as an objective factor in the development of society, and for their solution they require the combined efforts of all mankind. Global problems are interconnected, cover all aspects of people's lives and concern all countries of the world.

Global, or worldwide (universal) problems, being the result of the contradictions of social development, did not arise suddenly and only today. Some of them, such as the problems of war and peace and health, have existed before and have been relevant at all times. Other global problems, such as environmental ones, appear later due to the intense impact of society on the natural environment. Initially, these problems could only be private (single) issues for a particular country, people, then they became regional and global, i.e. issues of vital importance to all mankind.

The main features of global problems:

1. Problems that affect the interests of not only individuals, but may affect the fate of all mankind

2. They lead to significant economic and social losses, and in case of their exacerbation, they can threaten the very existence of human civilization.

3. Global problems are not solved by themselves and even by the efforts of individual countries. They require purposeful and organized efforts of the entire world community.

4. Global problems are closely related to each other.

The main problems of mankind:

1. The problem of peace and disarmament, the prevention of a new world war.

2. Ecological.

3. Demographic.

4. Energy.

5. Raw.

6. Food.

7. Use of the oceans.

8. Peaceful space exploration.

9. Overcoming the backwardness of developing countries.

Rice. 1. Poverty and poverty in Africa ()

The development of a classification of global problems was the result of long-term research and generalization of the experience of several decades of studying them.

In modern scientific literature, attempts are being made to comprehensively consider the whole variety of global problems. Since all these problems are of a socio-natural nature, since they simultaneously fix the contradictions both between man and society, and the contradictions between man and the environment. natural environment, they are usually divided into three main groups. Researchers have proposed many classification options.

Classification of global problems:

1. Problems that are related to the relationship between the main social communities of mankind, i.e. between groups of states with similar political, economic and other interests: "East - West", rich and poor countries, etc. These include the problem of preventing war, international terrorism and ensuring peace, as well as establishing a fair international economic order.

2. Problems related to relations in the system "man - society": the development of culture, effective use achievements of scientific and technological revolution, development of education and healthcare

3. Problems that are generated by the interaction of society and nature. They are associated with the limited capacity of the environment to endure anthropogenic loads. These are such problems as the provision of energy, fuel, raw materials, fresh water etc. This group also includes ecological problem, i.e. the problem of protecting nature from irreversible changes negative character, as well as the task of intelligent exploration of the oceans and outer space.

Rice. 2. Lack of drinking water in Africa ()

Global problems are interconnected.

Rice. 3. Scheme of interrelations of problems of a global nature

Currently, humanity and the leading countries are actively fighting against the proliferation of nuclear weapons and their use. The UN General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. In addition, agreements were signed between the main nuclear powers(for example, START-1, START-2, PRO).

The largest countries in terms of the number of armed forces:

5. Russia.

The problem of arms proliferation and disarmament remains relevant. The military bases of the United States and NATO members on the territory of many countries pose a particular potential danger.

Rice. 4. Military base USA in Turkey ()

Homework

Topic 11, Item 1

1. What global problems of mankind do you know?

Bibliography

Main

1. Geography. A basic level of. 10-11 cells: Textbook for educational institutions / A.P. Kuznetsov, E.V. Kim. - 3rd ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2012. - 367 p.

2. Economic and social geography of the world: Proc. for 10 cells. educational institutions / V.P. Maksakovskiy. - 13th ed. - M .: Education, JSC "Moscow textbooks", 2005. - 400 p.

3. Atlas with a set of contour maps for grade 10. Economic and social geography of the world. - Omsk: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Omsk Cartographic Factory", 2012. - 76 p.

Additional

1. Economic and social geography of Russia: Textbook for universities / Ed. prof. A.T. Khrushchev. - M.: Bustard, 2001. - 672 p.: ill., cart.: tsv. incl.

Encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books and statistical collections

1. Geography: a guide for high school students and university applicants. - 2nd ed., corrected. and dorab. - M.: AST-PRESS SCHOOL, 2008. - 656 p.

2. Africa // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.

Literature for preparing for the GIA and the Unified State Examination

1. Thematic control in geography. Economic and social geography of the world. Grade 10 / E.M. Ambartsumova. - M.: Intellect-Centre, 2009. - 80 p.

2. The most complete edition of typical options for real USE assignments: 2010. Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Astrel, 2010. - 221 p.

3. The optimal bank of tasks for preparing students. Unified state exam 2012. Geography: Tutorial/ Comp. EM. Ambartsumova, S.E. Dyukov. - M.: Intellect-Centre, 2012. - 256 p.

4. The most complete edition of typical options for real USE assignments: 2010. Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2010. - 223 p.

5. Geography. Diagnostic work in the format of the Unified State Examination 2011. - M .: MTSNMO, 2011. - 72 p.

6. USE 2010. Geography. Collection of tasks / Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 272 p.

7. Tests in geography: Grade 10: to the textbook by V.P. Maksakovskiy “Economic and social geography of the world. Grade 10 / E.V. Baranchikov. - 2nd ed., stereotype. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2009. - 94 p.

8. Unified state exam 2009. Geography. Universal materials for the preparation of students / FIPI - M .: Intellect-Center, 2009. - 240 p.

9. Geography. Answers on questions. Oral exam, theory and practice / V.P. Bondarev. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2003. - 160 p.

10. USE 2010. Geography: thematic training tasks/ O.V. Chicherina, Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 144 p.

11. USE 2012. Geography: Standard exam options: 31 options / Ed. V.V. Barabanova. - M.: National Education, 2011. - 288 p.

12. USE 2011. Geography: Standard exam options: 31 options / Ed. V.V. Barabanova. - M.: National Education, 2010. - 280 p.

Materials on the Internet

1. Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements ( ).

2. Federal portal Russian Education ().

NO TO THE CONFLICT OF CIVILIZATIONS! DIALOGUE AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE BETWEEN CIVILIZATIONS - YES!

MODERN RUSSIA: IDEOLOGY, POLITICS, CULTURE AND RELIGION

A. Gromyko, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences ABOUT THE NEW WORLD ORDER, OR THE BIG DISORDER

Everyone has always been concerned about the preservation of peace on the decaying planet Earth. They talk about it as “our house”, that it must be protected from destruction and, moreover, from fire. People will never have a second such “home”. In order to avoid a catastrophe, one must know what dangers threaten humanity, a separate country, people, family. How to find the right way to get out of the labyrinth of complex contradictions that entangle the world of people? This can be done, including with the help of science, international scientists, Russian Academy sciences, such centers as the Department of Global Issues and International Relations.

Today Russia, entering 2015 (the article was written in 2014 - Ed.), like many other countries, is at the epicenter of a foreign policy cataclysm. Thanks to the skillful use of not just "soft", but even "wise" power, flexible diplomacy, Moscow maintains stability and dynamism in world affairs.

However, there are also threats, they undermine global European security. The main threat to the world community comes from the desire of the Atlanticists to put the right of force over the force of law. Spirals of violence that undermine stability in world affairs appear as if by order. One gets the impression that a backstage has become more active in world affairs, relying on the creation of socio-political chaos in different regions of the world, directed against the existing orders and legitimate authorities. The purpose of such a policy is to create a big mess

is to oppose the consolidation of new centers of power in world affairs instead of the unipolar world that has not yet established itself.

A new cold war seems to have begun. This is clearly seen in the example of the information war, when the Atlanticists, in essence, established in Europe by mutual agreement a regime of de facto censorship of reports on the events of the civil war in Ukraine. Everything that does not fit into the scheme of the struggle between "democracy" and "Moscow's expansion" is hushed up and distorted. The official West today pretends not to notice the state genocide that is being carried out by the Kyiv regime against the Russian-speaking population of Donbass. But this genocide gives the right to use force, including military force, to save people.

In conditions of chaos, when the threat of neo-Nazism is growing in Europe, and Islamic terrorism is on the rise in the Greater Middle East, the world community is simply obliged to mobilize so that it is not bombs and missiles that create the history of people, otherwise it will be bloody, but this is rightfully taken up United Nations, first of all, all permanent members of the Security Council, all members of the UN General Assembly.

Further successes of globalization and global governance are possible only in conditions of peace, not war. You can't drive a car if all its passengers are fighting. It should be remembered that the right does not disappear from the fact that it is maliciously violated, retribution for this will surely come.

Principles sealed with the blood of millions

ma fascist Germany and its allies. This world order is laid down in the UN Charter by Soviet politicians, diplomats and scientists, American and British leaders. From the very beginning it was attacked by the supporters of the cold war. There were constant attempts to destroy the UN, but it survived largely thanks to the efforts of Soviet and Russian foreign policy and diplomacy. Studies of international relations are unproductive, in which the historical experience previous generations. The world order established in 1945 is still preserved. The principles of the UN Charter are correct and cannot be eroded. These principles are an alloy of law and morality, and this makes them durable. Often, however, there are scientists who, under the pressure of politics from a position of strength, bend in their views on world affairs and draw strange conclusions that the decisions of the meeting in 1945 of the leaders of the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition in the Livadia Palace near Yalta on questions of the post-war order are allegedly outdated. This, of course, is not true. The Yalta Conference became the most a high degree peaceful cooperation between Soviet Union, USA and UK. Today, of course, much is changing, but even more in the world order remains unshakable. What remains is the UN, its Security Council, the borders of Poland, the Kaliningrad region and much more. The UN Charter, this “bible” of international relations and world politics, is incorruptible, since its text and principles are sealed with the blood of millions of soldiers and civilians who died in a global military fire. These statements may seem unconvincing, because so many years have passed since then. Such a defeatist approach is a big mistake. The UN was hard to build, hard to destroy, and impossible to rebuild. Those who violate the principles and norms international law, remain outside the field of legitimacy, and in the end, no matter how they puff out their cheeks today, they disappear from world politics. Crimes, as you know, do not cross out the criminal code, just as they cannot negate international law. No matter how "grand" the plans of the masterminds of the new "cold war" in the end, they are likely to earn a view from the window of a prison cell. The main role in international relations, which includes world politics, is played by states, they are also significantly influenced by other international institutions, including transnational corporations. The field of their activity is also the international environment in which

The swarm is manifested both by the cooperation of people with each other, and their rivalry. The latter often develops into power martial arts, wars of small and medium scale and intensity, and even world wars. Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences A. A. Kokoshin notes the decisive role in world politics of states, especially strong and influential ones. It is between states that today there is mainly a struggle for influence in the world with the help of economic, military and “soft power”2. In this conflicting international environment, Russia also has to act, and quite successfully. Not only in politics and diplomacy, but also in the economy, states also play a leading role, in their activities they seek to rely on “soft power”, including ideological attitudes that are being introduced into public and individual consciousness. Can a person in this conflicted international environment, where violence plays a big role, poverty and hunger are widespread, survive? Are political elites, including scientists, science in general, able to find the right way to create such an international environment in which people, using the historical experience of previous generations, will save themselves? These questions have great importance for developing countries, primarily for those of them where living conditions are especially harsh. For them, the risks of degradation and destruction of the modest income they have have ceased to be a theory, but have become everyday practice. Hundreds of millions of people are losing their chances of a prosperous life, they are waiting for changes for the better, but they are not there. This leads to socio-economic and political explosions. In the context of natural disasters and countless wars, the creation of a world of planetary cooperation and joint international projects has come even more so. International community is able to curb the militaristic thinking of politicians, who often seek to reshape the geopolitical space and adjust global governance for themselves. Today, all states operate in a turbulent international environment, this ocean of human emotions and passions, where there is a desire of some people to dominate others, to make profit for themselves, to force everyone to live according to the rules of an individual, not a plurality, one or more oligarchs, not a people. . Liberal ideology is called upon to establish such an order in the world community. It is supported by the strength of the leading capitalist states. Their policy is aimed at infringing on social, economic and political freedoms. Liberalism is becoming

an obstacle to the free development of the individual and a democratic society. The "art" of information warfare has reached the level of mass zombification of millions. Challenges of the 21st century thus numerous. I will single out those that, in my opinion, play a paramount role in the fate of mankind. This is, first of all, the fate of the person himself. People seem to know more about the universe than they do about themselves. Even less do they understand how civilizations develop, with difficulty they seek and sometimes find ways and means of resolving international conflicts. New elites tend to forget the experience and lessons learned by their ancestors, they have a short historical memory. Vanity and incompetence, arrogance and vindictiveness, the worship of "hard power" ruin the opportunity to reach the right decisions. The world on Earth often appears before us as terra incognita - an unknown land. The unknown paralyzes human mind and accustoms to the idea that good is less and less victorious over evil. In the service of the latter there is brute force, murder weapons and obedient robotic men in uniform, who answer the question: “Why are civilians, children, women, old people dying from your actions?”, stupidly answer: “This is my job.” What is a person, his spiritual life? The answer to this question does not explain the origin of a person, as you know, there are big disputes over it, it rather explains the behavior of a person, including in politics.

Man is a heavenly and earthly being

International relations and world politics are manifestations of people's activity. Without man, there is no civilization. There is neither peace nor war. Silence will reign before the end of the world, as man himself will disappear. Man is the only creature on Earth endowed with reason. Man is a spiritual creature and therefore amazing. He lives both in the earthly world and in the heavenly, divine. The great Venetian Renaissance artist Titian in 1514 painted the painting “Heavenly Love and Earthly Love”, it is exhibited in Rome, in the Borghese Gallery museum. Before this masterpiece, you involuntarily reflect on the mortal and sublime in the world of people. Between the two poles of earthly and heavenly consciousness of people is the Sphere of Life. Both poles affect it simultaneously and contradictorily, a world that is far from ideal arises in our minds. Christianity calls to follow the commandments of the Old and New Testaments. earthly world

must live in harmony with heavenly love. Many Orthodox theologians wrote about this, for example, in his time, Gregory the Theologian. He defined man as a being that "ends the enmity" of the spiritual and the corporeal. The theologian wrote: “I am composed of a soul and a body. And the soul is a stream of the infinite light of the Divine; and you produce the body from the dark beginning. If I make one common nature, then I stopped the hostility. For not hostile, but friendly principles give a common product.

The attitude towards man as a product of the "dark beginning" is typical for most religious thinkers of the Middle Ages. The right device human life they saw in absolute submission and faith in God. Man was conceived as a creation of God (a recreational view). Only with the accumulation of knowledge about the world around us, about man himself, did it become possible to recognize the evolutionary path of his development, when the emergence of intelligent life on Earth and its inevitable decay and death are thought on a scale of hundreds of thousands and millions of years. A correct vision of the world cannot be without spiritual principles, no matter how unusual they may seem. It is more difficult to comprehend the spiritual than to cognize the corporeal, the Earth and the Cosmos on the basis of experience. The spiritual and the divine elude us even when they are obvious. With the help of intelligence, for example, you can move yourself into the past and even rush into the future. For many, such fabulous pictures wake up the mind, often suggest the right decisions.

People have visions of the dead, scenes from their lives, pictures of heaven or hell. Solutions appear in the minds of scientists, writers and poets in the most unexpected way. challenging tasks, interesting stories and talented verses. IN critical situations rulers at the pinnacle of power, it happens, comes illumination, they decide the issues of the world. Isn't it all a miracle? The science of international relations, including globalization and global governance, will not give a real picture of the world, relying only on a range of data from the field of economics and politics. This requires creativity. The idea of ​​the untimely deceased academician N.P. is applicable to modern political science. Shmelev. He rightly remarked: “... world economic thought seems to be completely confused about where to turn to the right or left, but also for the future, if world theory and practice are still destined to find a way to live that will finally provide the world with a crisis-free , effective and socially fair

development”4. In this conclusion, the idea of ​​social justice is especially valuable, because it is often forgotten. This also applies to political science, if it aims to change our lives for the better, to preserve human civilization. This is achievable in the conditions of cooperation between the spiritual and material principles of the universe. They are two sides human being. You cannot explain the world of people with numbers and graphs, with bizarre formulations.

Globalization and global governance

Globalization and global governance have become an important phenomenon in international life. A detailed analysis of foreign policy in the era of globalization is given, for example, in the work of Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences I. S. Ivanov “Foreign Policy in the Age of Globalization”. It explores the possible configurations of the world order, talks about the need to build a flexible polycentric system of global governance. World politics is assessed taking into account security threats, a conclusion is made about the fundamental role of international law in the formation of a new world order, the United Nations becomes its central element5.

Globalization as a natural historical process is analyzed in the fundamental work of A.N. Chumakov, Globalization. Contours of a holistic world”, where its general theory and the sphere of confrontation of various forces and interests6. It is rightly emphasized that globalization is the most complex phenomenon, it should be studied not fragmentarily, but holistically. Against this background, a global outlook is formed, it helps to understand globalization as a state, process and phenomenon7.

I will say from myself. Globalization is multifaceted integration process formation in international relations of modern life order and architecture of world politics. This process involves states, their coalitions, social, political and economic institutions, as well as military blocs. In the context of globalization, global management (regulation) of the planetary network structure is carried out, where unipolarity is weakening. The United States is making persistent attempts to restore it, but they are futile, moreover, they are harmful, as they undermine the stability of world politics. The impact of globalization on world affairs in the face of repeated

Xia economic and financial crises falls. Great risks are posed to it and to global governance by forceful conflict. In the context of acute international conflicts, global governance, including at the regional level, becomes difficult to implement. This is shown, in particular, by the events in Ukraine, where the civil war threw the country into the abyss of crisis and the collapse of morality. There was a need for a moral code for mankind. Scientists are sounding the alarm. For example, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences A. A. Guseinov recalls that observance of moral prohibitions depends on the will and determination of the individual to follow them: “. if a person is convinced of the moral essence of the prohibition, if he knows that it must be unconditionally observed, then nothing, no external circumstances, just like any of his own emotions, can prevent him from following them. This applies to all morally sanctioned prohibitions, including such fundamental ones as "Thou shalt not kill." A person, especially marked by power, cannot violate this sacred truth, this truth of truths9. Many politicians, and even diplomats, do not think about all this and do not fight against international crimes, and sometimes they themselves commit them. And yet, in world affairs, not everything goes badly. Positive things are making their way, trends that are sustainable: international law is developing, a single world economy is emerging, universal environmental dependence and global communications are being established; there is a spiritual and civilizational rapprochement of nations. This is possible under the rule of the force of law; A revolution in computer science and telecommunications is gaining momentum. It dramatically increases the mobilization effect of communication. Globalization declared itself in full voice in the last third of the twentieth century, when there was a revolution in information technology. In its development, it conceals many surprises and scenarios for the development of the world. Globalization also brings many risks to people. There are, for example, ecological limits to industrial growth; it is dangerous to overload the natural possibilities of the environment. There is a threat of moral degeneration, dangerous mass behavior. Mankind needs a stable moral code. In many respects it is laid down in the UN Charter, in its principles. Globalization can humanize international relations, politicians and business people. Globalization gives rise to many important tasks, for example, avoid unemployment. In the world, including because of it, a broad protest movement is growing, the social fabric of the

societies, the historical heritage is forgotten, the historical memory is erased. Globalization still does not have a stable ideological concept that would unite humanity in the face of the challenges of the 21st century, and not divide it. People are looking for a way to a conflict-free world, but so far they have not found it. This requires sound judgment and even wisdom. With the reorganization of the world it is better not to rush. In a quick way, the history of mankind is made by wars and revolutions. When evaluating globalization and global governance, one should first of all evaluate the role of such an institution as the state, its sovereignty and participation in global governance in the world order. Indeed, will this role be preserved, or is it destined to weaken and disappear?

Global Governance and the State

Science community, as a rule, assesses the state of the international environment from the standpoint of optimism, believes that humanity has entered a planetary era in its development. There are good reasons for this. And the main one was globalization, which is often assessed not as a process, continuous development, but as a kind of liberal model, which successfully regulates the global financial and economic market. The point of view is also expressed that one should not oppose the market public policy and regulation. In domestic and foreign policy, one can successfully use the capabilities of the state, its institutions and mechanisms. In Russia, however, the withdrawal of the state from the economy "went too far"10. Academician N.P. Shmelev came to the important conclusion that one of the components of the success of the economic strategy of developing countries, including Russia, is the financing of the investment process both through private and public channels. He emphasized that social politics- an important condition for successful economic growth, without it "economic miracles do not happen." Shmelev concluded: “... the main modernization task of any modern government, whether democratic, semi-democratic or even authoritarian, is to choose a combination of these factors that, not in words, not in propaganda, but in deed, would provide these conditions for an economic breakthrough” eleven. In the old centers of power in the United States and Europe, a kind of de-industrialization has been observed for a number of years. The West as the main industrial base of the world is gradually weakening. Its financial centers are active, but

they, as a rule, operate in conditions of financial and economic stagnation and crisis.

There is a lack of transparency in many financial institutions and difficulties in assessing their risks. Against this negative background, the US and Europe are losing their positions. In the global financial system, the United States still holds the palm. When the next economic collapse and dollar devaluation occurs, the US will reduce its foreign policy activity.

Another trend in international relations is the slowdown in the development of international law and political globalization. The creation of an international legal order will, however, be difficult. Numerous social and international conflicts will manifest themselves on this thorny path. New supranational unions will appear in the world community, temporary and permanent coalitions will be established, meetings of leaders of leading states will become more frequent. In the international arena, despite all the changes taking place in the world, nation-states will remain the main players for many years to come, their sovereignty may even increase. There will be a turn to statism. National selfishness, when "every man for himself", will manifest itself regularly. Foreign policy ideologies will receive a "new registration", their goals, if necessary, will be masked.

The ideological and political aspects of globalization are a little-studied area. There is something to hide here. Globalization, as it is happening today, does not contribute to overcoming the social and economic gap between rich and poor countries, worsens the living conditions of different societies and countries. The fruits of the global economy are distributed unfairly. This is evident in most countries in Africa12.

In Europe, one of the main consequences of globalization is rising unemployment and stagnation. The policy of neoliberal globalism worsens the conditions of life on the planet, it hits the least developed countries especially painfully. A new big mess is gathering momentum. When evaluating the prospects for globalization and global governance, a contradictory situation is revealed. It turns out that globalization serves different purposes. “Humanist interventionism” often turns into unceremonious interference and, as even Z. Brzezinski admits, gives rise to “. moral deafness and indifference to manifestations of social injustice”13.

Another point of view is also known, it is actively promoted by the liberals. The world arena is assessed as a "field of common interests", it has rules of conduct that are beneficial to all. The United States remains the most active sovereign on this planetary field, striving to introduce new rules, procedures and standards beneficial to all into international relations.

There are sharp contradictions between these "modern standards" and the norms of classical international law. For example, "humanitarian intervention" and the established norm of non-interference in the internal affairs of the state.

Nowadays, world leaders justify their actions in every way, strive to legitimize them. New norms of international law are emerging. The role of the UN and its specialized agencies is still great. Countries that do not take an active part in creating the legitimate field of the 21st century will lose greatly and will be forced to dance to someone else's music. They risk being left out of new coalitions and international organizations.

Leaders African countries already at the beginning of the 21st century. realized the need to increase the level of cooperation among themselves, they decided to create the African Union (AU). The European Union seems to be an example for them. It was a step in the right direction. Political and economic integration, protection of their sovereignty, upholding common interests Africa in the face of new neo-colonialism will be more effective within the framework of such a coalition. Conferences, symposiums and seminars, organized with the help of modern means of communication, will become an important means of creating the Architecture of International Relations of the 21st century. The mobilization of scientific intelligence and political knowledge, in some ways even intuitions, will become one of the most important tasks.

Few states and societies are prepared for this today, including Russia. Her impressive intellectual potential, however, is not eternal and, if not valued, can "evaporate". It will be remembered as a time of unfulfilled hopes. In the ocean of ferocious waves of globalization, Russia, if its society is not shaken up, is threatened by the fate of the socio-political "Titanic".

Globalization is a new system in development, it can replace the cold war, the latter, however, is very tenacious. WHO-

The tough world global economy is gone, the levers of control in it are still in the money safes of the Atlanticists.

Globalization sometimes leads to the strengthening of supranational institutions (UN, NATO, G20, BRICS) in politics. Such structures have, of course, different destinies. The UN is one thing - the most democratic planetary structure in the world. Another NATO: a closed military bloc, it was created in 1949 as a defensive one, and today it has become a springboard for offensive actions, often taken bypassing the UN Security Council. Such a policy of his introduces aggressiveness, tension and elements of great disorder into world affairs.

The ideology of globalization still does not have an influential concept that would unite humanity in the face of the challenges of the 21st century, and not divide it. People can, if they wish, find their way to international cooperation. To do this, in their development, they must carefully treat the historical heritage of their ancestors, using everything positive from it, especially from morality. Neglect of the latter leads to "arrogance of power" - "arrogance of power." The stronger it is, the weaker humanity.

Civilizations exist within the framework of their social and international legal institutions: laws and treaties, moral values ​​and traditions. Together they make up a fairly stable international environment. In the matter of reorganizing the world, therefore, it is better not to rush.

In a quick way, I repeat, the history of mankind is made by wars and revolutions. Caution and wisdom are needed. One thing is clear: socio-economic inequality generates political chaos in the minds as well. Double standards of behavior of states on the world stage, they, like a train, are drawn to the Atlanticists, destroy international stability, do not allow the rule of law to be established.

The main features of the world order are embodied in transnational interactions, an increasingly interdependent global market, a process of regional integration and global cooperation. As part of this development, new tasks arise, they become common concerns for humanity.

Among them are: the development of the global economy as a financial and economic facet of globalization; global management of the world economy and politics, their finances; creation of a structure of global security, security for all, and not for separate privileged regions or groups of countries;

strengthening international organizations, including the UN, capable of managing global problems in all their manifestations; the use in world affairs of human capital (human capital) with the help of higher and secondary education; improving rather than worsening people's lives through new technologies in both industry and agriculture; adaptation to climate change, environmental degradation; the fight against hunger, diseases and infections plaguing people; preservation of the cultural heritage of mankind (cultural heritage), including international law, as a means of managing and regulating international relations, primarily between states; creating favorable conditions for providing people, primarily in poor countries, with basic food and drinking water, qualified medical care. Without solving these problems, keep positive beginnings in world politics is impossible, it will degenerate into a struggle for destruction, and this will lead human civilization to death. Is it possible to prevent such an Apocalypse?

Almost every person will answer this question in the affirmative, including high-ranking politicians. But, and this is the whole tragedy, they will simultaneously say: “everything is done correctly, predictions of the end of the world are invented.” And further: "the use of military force is just a continuation of politics." Such a steady militaristic spasm in the mind political elites destroys the sprouts of new thinking, and it is absolutely necessary to create a stable and peaceful international environment where reason and law flourish.

There is another reason for the steady commitment of a number of politicians and diplomats to politics from a position of strength. This is a desire to preserve in international affairs, as far as possible, the state of a unipolar world, to achieve a humble recognition that the world is ruled by one US force and, when necessary, by the NATO military-political bloc.

The events in and around Ukraine have made the trend of force in world politics even more dangerous. The national interests and security of Russia are not recognized, a cumbersome geopolitical adventure is being started that has nothing to do with the security of Europe. Instead of strengthening partnership with Russia, a hopeless course has been taken to isolate and discredit it

Russian leaders, especially their strongest figure, the president.

Under such conditions, effective global governance is unlikely. The big turmoil in a number of regions - this is the Greater Middle East, and Afghanistan, and Southeast Europe - will increase. Meanwhile, the charges of at least three environmental bombs, the arms race and the poverty of poverty are ticking loudly. To think that they will not blow up anyone is naive. Each of them can be neutralized only by joint planetary efforts.

Notes

1 On this subject, see my article in International Affairs, March 2012.

2 Kokoshin A. A. Some macrostructural changes in the system of world politics. Trends for 2020-2030s // Polis. Political studies. - 2014. - No. 4. - P. 38, 41. (Kokoshin A.A. 2014. Some macrostructure changes in the World politics. Trends for 2020-2030s // "Polis" journal. Political Studies. N 4) (in Russian)/

3 Globalistics. Encyclopedia. - M.: Raduga, 2003. - S. 1157.

4 Shmelev N.P. In defense common sense// Modern Europe. - 2011. - No. 2 (October-December). - S. 139.

5 Ivanov I.S. Foreign policy in the era of globalization. - M.: OLMA Media Group, 2011.

6 Chumakov A.N. Globalization. Outlines of the whole world. - M.: Prospekt, 2014.

7 Ibid. - S. 406-407.

8 Huseynov Abdusalam. Philosophy thought and action. - St. Petersburg. GUP, 2012. -S. 306-307.

10 Popov V.V. Economic development strategy. - M.: Higher School of Economics, 2011. - P. 25.

11 Shmelev N.P. Decree. op. - S. 142. See: Gromyko An.A. Poverty and hunger - facets of globalization // Asia and Africa today. 2014, No. 10. (Gromyko An.A. 2014 Nischeta i golod grani globalizatsii // Aziya i Afrika segodnya. N 10) (in Russian).

Cit. Quoted from: Russia in the Diversity of Civilizations. - M., 2011. - S. 53.

"Asia and Africa Today", M., 2014, No. 12, p. 2-8.