A fairy tale about air for the little ones. "The great invisible thing is air." Joint cognitive and research activities with children of the preparatory group. "Every living thing needs water"

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Purpose of the lesson: to form children’s ideas about air and its properties.

Lesson objectives:

• contribute to enriching and consolidating children’s knowledge about the properties of air, expanding children’s understanding of the importance of air in the life of humans, animals, and plants;
• develop in children the ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships based on a basic experiment and draw conclusions;
• consolidate basic ideas about the sources of air pollution, the importance of clean air for our health, some rules of environmental safety, and develop the environmental consciousness of children;
• develop children's cooperation skills through involvement in various activities with children and adults;
• to cultivate a culture of communication, to intensify the speech activity of children.

Progress of the lesson

- Guys, listen carefully and guess the riddle:

We need him to breathe
To inflate the balloon.
With us every hour,
But he is invisible to us!

- What is this?

- That's right, it's air. And today we will talk about air like real research scientists. To do this, I invite you to the laboratory.

The teacher shows a picture (slide 2) with the image of planet Earth.

– Our planet Earth is surrounded on all sides by a thick layer of air.

This amazing shell is called the atmosphere. If it were not for it, all living things would die in the scorching rays of the Sun during the day, and at night they would die from cosmic cold. Without air, our planet Earth would be a dead desert.

Wherever we go, wherever we go by sea or by land, there is air.

- Which of you guys saw the air? I don't see it in our laboratory either, but I know it's here. And now we will make sure of this together with you.

OBSERVATION 1. How to detect air.

– Air is easy to detect if you create its movement. Wave the fan in front of your face. How did you feel?

(The air is not visible, but it can be felt on the skin like a light breeze).

OBSERVATION 2 (with sachets)

– And also, the air can be “caught” in a bag. What's in our bags? (air)

-What is he like? Do we see him? Why don't we see him? (The air is colorless, transparent)

– What did the bag filled with air become like? (elastic)

– Various soft objects can be inflated (filled) with air. By filling objects, the air becomes elastic, and shapeless objects take on shape. (Inflate a soft, shapeless ball and let the children touch it.) What objects have air inside them? (Ball, car tires)

OBSERVATION 3. Experiment with a straw.

- How else can you see the air? Take each person a straw and blow through it into a glass of water. What comes out of the water with bubbles?

What other bubbles can you blow? (soapy)

– What is inside soap bubbles? (air)

CONCLUSION: Air is everywhere.

OBSERVATION 4. There is air in all objects.

On the teacher’s table there is a jar of water and small objects (stone, button, sponge, etc.)

– Is there air in these objects? (children's answers)

- I will lower these objects into the water, and you carefully observe what happens? (objects sink (fall to the bottom), while bubbles come out of them and rise up)

– Bubbles are air, it was in the object and came out of it when the object fell into the water. Air bubbles rose upward; air is lighter than water.

OBSERVATION 5: Air takes up space.

– I have a glass with a piece of paper attached to the bottom. What do you think, if you put a glass in water, what will happen to the leaf, will it get wet or remain dry?

Turning the glass upside down, slowly lower it into the water (the glass must be held straight) until it touches the bottom. Then we take the glass out of the water. Why did the piece of paper at the bottom of the glass remain dry?

(children's answers)

- There is air in the glass, it was he who did not allow the water to wet the leaf, he did not let the water into the glass.

Now I will lower the glass with the leaf into the water, but I will hold the glass slightly inclined. What appears in the water? Air bubbles are visible. Where did they come from? The air leaves the glass and water takes its place. What happened to our piece of paper? He got wet. Water displaced the air from the glass and took its place, took up all the space and wet the piece of paper.

So, what have we learned about air? (slide 3)

• Air is everywhere.
• It is transparent, colorless, tasteless and odorless.
• Lighter than water.

He is transparent and invisible
Light and colorless gas.
With a weightless scarf
It envelops us.

GAME “KNOW BY THE SMELL”

The air itself has no odor, but can carry odors. By the smell transferred from the kitchen, we guess what dish was prepared there.

Close your eyes, pinch your nose. I will carry an object past you, and you try to recognize it by its smell. Managed?

(no, the nose is closed)

Open your nose. And now? Odor travels through the air, so we smell it when we inhale the air.

PHYSICAL MINUTE. BREATHING EXERCISES.

How does a person breathe? Place your palm on your chest and feel how your breathing occurs?

Inhale - inhales good air(oxygen)

Exhale – exhales bad air (carbon dioxide)

A person breathes all his life, he needs air for life every second.

– Cover your mouth and nose with your hand so as not to breathe. What did you feel, what did you experience?

A person can live

Without food – 30 days;

Without water – 14 days;

Without air - a few minutes. (slide 4)

– When we simply inhale and exhale air, do we see it?

When can we see the air we exhale? (in winter, steam comes out of your mouth).

We took a deep breath
We breathe easily.
(slow inhale and exhale for 4 seconds)
Breathe through one nostril
And peace will come to you.
(long inhalation and exhalation through one nostril, index finger close the other nostril)

Deep breath - hands up,
Exhale for a long time – arms downwards through the sides.

– Why is it important for a person to breathe correctly? (So ​​as not to get sick)

When breathing through the nose correctly, the air in the nose warms up, is cleared of impurities and enters the lungs.

Only clean air is good for health. Scientists - ECOLOGISTS - monitor the cleanliness of the air on Earth. They study how people influence nature, what they can do to reduce air pollution.

– What pollutes the air in our lives? (slide 5)

(smoke from factories, fires, exhaust gases, dust, cigarette smoke...)

– What should be done to keep the air clean?

(plants and factories install special filters to purify the air, water paths and sidewalks; plant trees, bushes, flowers; ventilate rooms, wipe off dust)

OBSERVATION 6.

– Do you know what will happen to air if it is heated?

A balloon placed on an empty bottle inflates when the bottle is immersed in warm water, deflates when immersed in cold water.

The air heats up, expands and leaves the bottle. That's why the balloon inflated. Warm air rises up.

– Where does a person use this property of air? (aeronautics) (slide 6)

OBSERVATION 7. Wind is the movement of air.

Turn on the fan and let the children feel the breeze.

Where did the wind come from?

What is a fan for? (in hot weather, freshen the air)

-What is wind? (air movement)

We cannot see the wind because the air is transparent, but we can watch the clouds floating, the leaves on the trees swaying, the tree branches swaying)

– Man has long learned to use the properties of air. Where does the air work? (slide 7)

RESULT OF THE LESSON:

What did you learn about air today? (slide 8)

• Air is part of nature. It is everywhere around us, we breathe it.
• Air is invisible, transparent.
• Air can move.
• Air has no odor, but it can carry odors when it moves.
• Air expands when heated and contracts when cooled.
• We all need air. There is no life without him.

Which of the experiments did you like best, what property of air did it tell us about?

Did you know that air has one more thing? amazing property– You can play with the air. They even sell special toys for playing with air. (Pinwheels, soap bubbles, kite...)

Today we learned about the properties of air by conducting experiments and experiments with air. I think you will tell your friends and parents about everything interesting that you learned today in our laboratory. And your mothers and fathers will be able to tell you about other properties of air and read about the “great invisible man” in encyclopedias.

Thank you guys for the lesson, it was very pleasant and interesting to communicate with you.

Literature:

1. "Air" comp. Yu.I. Smirnov. – St. Petersburg: Sova, 1998.
2. Voronkevich O.A. “Welcome to ecology!” – St. Petersburg: Detstvo-Press, 2007.
3. Kulikovskaya I.E., Sovgir N.N. “Children's experimentation” - M.: Pedagogical Society of Russia, 2005.
4. Nikolaeva S.N. "Introducing preschoolers to inanimate nature. Nature management in kindergarten" - M.: Pedagogical Society of Russia, 2003.
5. Pavlenko I.N., Rodyushkina N.G. “Development of speech and familiarization with the outside world in a preschool educational institution: Integrated classes. – M.: T.Ts. Sphere, 2006.
6. Parker S., Oliver K. “Man and Nature” (100 questions and answers) / trans. from English MM. Zhukova, S.A. Pylaeva. – M.: ZAO “Rosmen-Press”, 2006.
7. "Scientific answers to children's whys." Experiences and experiments for children from 5 to 9 years old / Author-compiler Zubkova N.M. – St. Petersburg: Rech, 2009.
8. Tugusheva G.P., Chistyakova A.E. "Experimental activities of middle and older children preschool age: Toolkit– St. Petersburg: Detstvo-Press, 2009.

EDUCATIONAL TALES

ABOUT WATER

AND AIR

FOR CHILDREN 4-6 YEARS OLD

Journey of a droplet.

There lived a droplet in a large beautiful lake. She happily swam and dived. One day a droplet saw the bright sun and rose closer to the surface of the lake to see it better. She didn’t notice how she became a light glider and began to rise up. It was cold up there, and she turned back into a droplet.

Other droplets also gathered in the sky, forming a white fluffy cloud. It floated across the sky. When many droplets gathered, the cloud darkened and became a cloud. The droplets could not stay in it and fell to the ground. There they united into a stream. The stream gurgled, had fun, ran further and further until it flowed into the lake. The drop recognized her lake and was happy - she returned home!

We call the journey of a droplet the water cycle in nature.

How a steamboat turned into a snowflake.

An air droplet flew out of a small puddle - a steam drop. She got tired of sitting in a puddle, and she decided to take a walk in the sky. The higher the steamboat rose into the sky, the colder it became. It froze and, high, high in the sky, turned into a crystal stick.

A cloud walking across the sky saw a lonely crystal and invited it to visit. The crystal was delighted, sank into a cloud and at the same moment turned into a light, tender, beautiful snowflake.

“How lonely it is here,” thought the snowy beauty. Suddenly she heard cheerful laughter. It turns out that she was not the only guest of the cloud. Snowflake quickly found friends.

Snowflake lived with the cloud for two weeks. During this time, many more small crystals appeared in the cloud. As soon as they descended into the cloud, they immediately united and turned into light, beautiful snowflakes.

The days went by as usual, and each new one was similar to the previous one. One day, the beautiful snowflake decided to leave the cozy, hospitable cloud. Her snowflake friends also decided to travel with the beautiful snowflake. On a quiet frosty evening they fell from the sky to the ground. As they fell, they stuck together and formed beautiful, patterned, fluffy flakes of snow. Our friend the snowflake, falling from a height, also found girlfriends and united with them.

Layer after layer of snow fell on the ground, forming snowdrifts. But they were loose, because the snowflakes did not press tightly against each other and there was air between them.

Winter has passed. Spring has come, which our snowflake was really looking forward to. She definitely wanted to return to that puddle from which she once flew out and rose up. The spring rays of the sun became warmer and warmer. Soon the snowdrifts began to melt. Instead, puddles appeared on the ground. There were more and more of them every day. And finally, all the snowdrifts turned into puddles, streams and entire lakes. And the beautiful snowflake, together with her friends, turned into small droplets. This is the story that happened to the little droplet.

Tale of water.

Once upon a time there was Water, and one day she decided to make Nature beautiful. Water decided to go around the world and observe Nature. It turned into a small stream and flowed across the Earth. Over time, the Brook became wider and wider, bigger and stronger. Soon the Brook turned into a River and flowed not quickly, like a stream, but slowly and importantly, like a real river flows. Suddenly the Sun shone brightly, the River dried up and became Steam. The steam rose high and high and asked the Sun:
- Sun, why did you dry me out?
The sun answers:
- Don’t be afraid, I will help you do good to everyone!
Par asks:
- Sun, tell me, how can I make Nature beautiful?
The sun smiled and answered:
- You guess it yourself, and I’ll just give you a hint. Plants and trees need rain!
Par exclaimed:
- Exactly! Thank you, Sun!
And turned into Steam and Rain. He watered everything around and admires: all the trees and bushes bloomed again, the birds sang their cheerful songs, even oases appeared in the deserts. All the people and animals shouted joyfully:
- Thank you, Rain!
And the Rain gathered again into a ringing stream and flowed, running merrily along the ground. He was very happy and pleased that he had done something good for Mother Nature. Brook was very pleased. Then he ran to cleanse the Seas and Oceans of salt.
The brook reached the Sea and shouted to him:
- Hello, Sea!
The sea replied:
- Hello, ringing Brook! What do you want?
Brook said:
-Can I take some salt from you for people’s food?
The sea thought:
- Okay, Brook, here’s my salt for you. Use it as you wish.
The brook answered joyfully:
- Yes OK! Thank you, More!
They said goodbye, and Brook gave the salt for people's food so that they would be healthy, and then returned to his original appearance.
Water turned to Nature and said:
- Nature, I made you beautiful, I made people healthy, I helped the Sea get rid of excess salt. I have fulfilled my purpose.
Nature answers:
- Thank you, Water, I am very grateful to you!

That's where we parted ways. The water, having fulfilled its purpose, returned to its home and began to live peacefully and do good to the whole world.

Once upon a time there was a river.

Once upon a time there was a river. At first it was a small, cheerful stream that hid among tall, slender spruce trees and white-trunked birches. And everyone said: how clean, how tasty the water is in this stream! Then the stream turned into a real river. The water in it did not flow so fast, but it was still clear and clean.

The river loved to travel. One day she found herself in the city. No spruce or birch trees grew here, but there were huge houses in which people lived. Many people. They were delighted with River and asked her to stay in the city. The river agreed, and she was chained to the stone banks. Steamships and boats began to sail along it, and people sunbathed on the banks. The river watered the whole city.

Years passed, people got used to the River, but they no longer asked it for anything, but did whatever they wanted. One day, a huge factory was built on its banks, from whose pipes dirty streams flowed into the River. The River darkened from sadness, became dirty and muddy. Nobody said: “What a clean, beautiful river!” No one walked on its banks. Various unnecessary things were thrown into the River: cans, logs, cars were washed in it, clothes were washed. And none of the townspeople thought that the River was also alive. And she was very worried. “Why do people treat me so badly? After all, I gave them water, turned the turbines of power plants, gave them light, protected them from the heat on hot days,” she thought.

People polluted the River more and more, and she endured everything, waiting for them to finally come to their senses.

One day a large tanker sailed along the River, from which a lot of oil spilled into the water. The River was covered with a black film, its inhabitants - plants, animals - began to suffocate without air. Reka became completely ill. “No,” he thinks, “I can’t stay with people anymore. I have to get away from them, otherwise I’ll become a dead river.”

She called her residents for help: “I have always been a home for you, and now trouble has come, people destroyed your house, and I got sick. Help me recover, and we will leave here for other lands, away from ungrateful people.” The river inhabitants gathered: plants, fish, snails, and animals - they cleaned their house of dirt, and cured the River. And she ran to the land of her childhood. There, where spruce and birch trees grew, where man is a rare guest.

And the city residents the next day were surprised to find that they were left alone, without the River. There was no light in the houses, factories stopped, water disappeared from the taps. There is nothing to wash with, nothing to drink, nothing to cook soup from. Life in the city stopped. Its inhabitants became so dirty that they stopped recognizing each other. However, it didn’t matter: there was still no light in the evenings.

And then one day the day came when the townspeople ate all their food supplies. Then the oldest and wisest Citizen said: “Dear fellow citizens! I know why River left us. When I was very little, I bathed in it clean water. She was always our friend and helper, but we did not appreciate this and treated her as an enemy. We unfairly offended Rechka and must ask her for forgiveness. I propose to go to distant lands to pay homage to our nurse. We must apologize to her and promise our friendship. Maybe then she'll come back."

The strongest and most resilient townspeople went to look for the River. They searched for a long time, and when they found it, they didn’t recognize it right away: after all, it had become clean and transparent. People asked Reka to return to the city as soon as possible, told how bad they felt without her, and promised their care. The river was kind and did not remember evil. In addition, she began to miss without the people to whom she long years I'm used to living in the city.

The River returned to the city to help its residents. And people removed all the garbage, cleaned the plant’s drains and even assigned special scientists to monitor the health and well-being of the River. Since then, people and the River have lived together in this city. And recently, Reka was made an honorary citizen of the city, and the Day of her return is celebrated as the most important holiday.

Stupid bunny and stream.

One day the bunny decided to run away from home. He ran far, but still knew the way back. Then he sees a stream running. And the stream says to the little hare: “Let’s go and run a race.” Whoever runs to the forest faster wins.” The bunny agreed. So they ran to the forest.

They run, run, run, and then the bunny doesn’t see the stream and shouts: “Where are you, stream?” And the stream replies: “I evaporated and turned into fog. Well, let's run on. Where there is fog, there I am.” And they ran. They run, run, run, and then the bunny didn’t see the fog and shouted: “Where are you, stream that is fog?”

“I’m here,” says the stream, “I’ve turned into a cloud. Well, let's run!"

The perplexed bunny and the stream continued on their way. They ran and ran, and then the bunny didn’t see the stream. The bunny shouts: “Where are you, stream, fog, cloud?” The brook replies: “I have turned into rain. Well, let's run." And they ran, but suddenly the rain stopped, and again the bunny shouted: “Where are you, stream, fog, cloud, rain?” The brook replies: “I’m here, under your paws. The rain stopped, and I became a stream again.”

The stupid hare and the stream ran together to the forest. But the hare didn’t understand anything.

"Good Air"

In a pure kingdom, in air state there was an unusual school. Forest school. During a lesson at the Forest School, the Wise Owl told the animals about air.

“Every living thing on earth knows that air is necessary,” said the Wise Owl. It nourishes all the cells of our body, supports the fire. People, animals, plants breathe air. Air is everywhere, it is large and all-pervasive. Air has the ability to absorb moisture, transfer it, and then release it elsewhere. The air protects the earth from cosmic rays harmful to all living things and resists falling meteorites.

The animals listened attentively to the Wise Owl. And after lessons, little Fox suddenly said: “I don’t need air. I still don’t see him.”

At that moment, an unknown force swooped in, spun and spun around the Little Fox, and took him away with it. Before Little Fox had time to come to his senses, he found himself on another planet. It was the planet Mars. There is practically no air on Mars, and the air envelope does not protect this planet. The entire surface of Mars was bombed by meteorites.

Little Fox spent just a few minutes on another planet. He couldn't get enough air. But the good forces took pity on him and returned him to the pure kingdom, to the air state.

It was then that Little Fox appreciated the full value of air. It's okay that he didn't see the air. The main thing is that air exists. Kind, all-pervading air.

“How the little bear caught the air”

One autumn day, Paddington sat on the porch of his house and read a book. The book was so interesting that Paddington couldn’t put it down and forgot about everything in the world. When I finished reading, I discovered that I was very hungry. Well, it’s okay, because you always have your favorite jam sandwiches in your bag! Paddington opened the bag, but there was not a single sandwich in it! There weren't even any crumbs!

What happened? Who could have stolen the sandwiches?

At this time, Sir Henry passed by, and Paddington rushed to him.

Sir Henry, my sandwiches were stolen! - he shouted - There is nothing in the bag!

Nothing at all?

Look for yourself,” said Paddington and opened the bag, “there’s nothing!”

Well, not really anything. There is air there,” Sir Henry smiled.

He flew away! – Sir Henry laughed and went on about his business.

And Paddington sat on the step and thought. This means that Air stole his sandwiches and then flew away. We need to find him and catch him, let him give back what he took.

And Paddington went to catch some air.

He walked along the path, and when he approached the river, he saw a fish. She floundered helplessly on the shore. Seeing the bear cub, she began to beg him to throw her back into the water, which Paddington readily did.

Thank you, little bear! – the fish thanked him, “Otherwise I was running out of air on the shore.” A little more and I would have completely suffocated.

Does Air live in water? – Paddington was surprised.

And it is in the water too. It is dissolved in water, and I breathe it through my gills,” the fish confirmed.

Yes, I can’t catch it in the water, I don’t know how to swim, the little bear thought, it’s probably some other Air. My bag is dry and there is no water.

What are you doing? – asked the bear cub.

“I fill the balloons with air,” the boy answered.

That means he hid inside the ball! - Paddington exclaimed and asked, - please give me one ball.

“Here,” and the boy handed him the red ball.

Paddington stepped aside a little.

Here you are, Air! - he yelled. - Why did you steal my jam sandwiches? Confess!

How do you speak then if there is no mouth? – the bear cub asked doubtfully.

Well, I don’t know, that’s how it turns out. What is sound? This is a concussion of air. So I shake myself, it turns out my voice!

What do you have then? – Paddington began asking Air with interest.

What is, - thought Air, - is my lightness. I am very light, lighter than stone and even lighter than water. I would fly up, but this heavy ball, inside of which I am sitting, holds me.

What if I let you out? – Paddington untied the balloon, and it immediately deflated. – where are you now, Air?

I am everywhere! I'm around you! You breathe me in and out! “It’s so ticklish,” Air laughed.

Who are you talking to? – Paddington heard the voice of Sir Henry returning.

With Air. We became friends with him! – the bear cub said joyfully, “and he didn’t take my sandwiches, as I first thought.

Of course I didn’t,” Sir Henry laughed, “but look at your mouth.”

Paddington walked to the glass door of the veranda and looked at his reflection. His whole mouth was covered in jam!

So I ate it myself! - the bear cub exclaimed in confusion, - he was so engrossed that he didn’t even notice...

So you were in vain thinking about Air. Food is not for him. Although he has plenty of strength. The air is very strong and can lift a lot! Or maybe it will shoot.

With these words, Sir Henry again hurried along the path away from Paddington, leaving the bear in thought. And how can such light Air be strong? He can also shoot. But how?

"The Tale of the Dragon and the Wind"

At that time, the Great Dragon lived on a deserted island, lost somewhere in the ocean. He lived there alone, and he did not have a single friend. The sun, of course, shone on the island, and the moon and stars gave their light, but there was no one to communicate and talk with. The dragon did not know how to swim or fly, so he could not go in search of friends. But one day a small boat sailed to the island. There was a boy sitting in it, just like you. - The air bubble smiled slyly. - The boy’s oar broke, and he swam where the water current carried him; there was no wind at that time. He was very tired and hungry, and besides, he wanted to go home to his mother.

When the boat washed up on the shore, the boy was very scared of the Great Dragon, but after some time they became real friends, talked a lot, played, the boy even taught the dragon to sing. But, of course, the boy really wanted to return home to his mother. He tried to make a new oar, but nothing worked. One day, when the dragon was fanning the fire for dinner, and the boy was sitting and sadly looking at the sparks of the fire, an amazing idea came to his mind.

Listen,” he turned to the dragon, “there is complete silence and peace around us, and when you blow on the fire, the air is no longer calm, it flies very quickly, fanning the fire. What is this?

“I don’t know,” answered the dragon, “I can blow on a tree so hard that it will break.” I can blow away a whole mountain of sand. When I blow, it turns out... it turns out... Let's call it wind?

“Come on,” the boy agreed, “what is wind and why does it happen?”

Well, probably because before I blow, I inhale a lot of air, fill my mouth full, chest full, and even belly full. The air becomes crowded there, the pressure with which it presses on me from the inside is greater than from the outside, so it flies back quickly. This is where the wind comes from. Air from a high pressure zone enters a low pressure zone!

How amazing! - the boy clapped his hands, - you invented the wind. Can you blow on my boat so hard that it floats across the sea and reaches my house?

“Probably yes,” the dragon sighed, “but then you and I will never see each other again!” I'll be alone here again. But you're right, you need to try. After all, your mother is waiting for you at home.

To make it easier for the dragon to blow on the boat and push it. the boy made a sail for the boat. Then he said goodbye to his friend and got into the boat.

I will remember you! - the boy shouted, “maybe we’ll see you again someday!”

The dragon took in more air and blew, then again and again. The farther the boat floated, the harder the dragon had to blow to keep it floating. Soon the boat was out of sight, and the dragon kept blowing and blowing. Night gave way to day, but it still did not stop blowing. The dragon was very worried about his friend; he stopped only after ten days, when he was completely exhausted.

But when it stopped blowing, the wind did not stop! He was blowing himself! What a miracle. It turns out that the Great Dragon mixed the air so much in 10 days that now the air pressure was no longer the same everywhere. Somewhere the pressure became high, and somewhere low. And from places with high pressure the wind was blowing. - Great! - the dragon admired, - now my friend will definitely swim home, and I won’t worry about him. And now I’m not alone here on the island. The wind is with me, so different, fickle and cheerful! And he also drives clouds, different ones all the time. That's so beautiful!

Municipal budget preschool educational institution

"TsRR - kindergarten"Fairy Tale" OP "Primoksha Kindergarten"

Ecological tales for preschool children

Burdaeva Elena Alexandrovna

Target: fostering a culture of behavior and careful attitude to the living; in an accessible way to bring to the consciousness of preschoolers knowledge about natural phenomena, animals, plants and the world around them.

Tasks:

develop cognitive interest in the natural world;

through environmental fairy tales, instill in children an environmental culture of behavior;

form a system of basic environmental scientific knowledge, understandable child 5 – 6 years old;

to form the initial skills of environmentally literate behavior that is safe for nature and for the child himself.

cultivate a humane, caring attitude towards the world around us as a whole;

Preface.

Who gave life to the Earth?

Who gave life to the Earth? Who should she be grateful to? She inherited no more than anyone else: mostly a very small amount of oxygen. You can't live on this.

The planet will not survive. The star will not live. The Sun will not live. But the Earth lives. The Earth breathes oxygen!

And all this out of nothing. Literally out of nowhere. With your labor. With your worries.

Here it is, our Earth.

WITH capital letters Earth.

Although it is often written with a small letter.

"Water and Air"

Once upon a time there was an ocean, it had a lot of water and the atmosphere was very a large number of air. Their life was boring. No one lived in the ocean, nothing grew, not a single plant. No one lived in the air either. The air decided to visit the water. The water rejoiced at his arrival. They began to be friends. After some time, the ocean noticed that plants appeared in its water - algae, fish, crabs, and formed beautiful shells. The ocean was very happy and told the air about it. And the air was also very joyful, he told his friend the ocean that, having woken up in the morning, he heard birds singing and saw flying colorful butterflies, everything around became bright and beautiful. They realized that this happened because of their friendship, just as the ocean gives water to the atmosphere, and the atmosphere gives air to the ocean. You can’t live without water, just like you can’t live without air, and you can’t live without air, just like you can’t live without water. That's how good it is to have friends!

"The Great Debate"

Queen Atmosphere and King Neptune once argued about which of them was more important. Queen Atmosphere says that it is impossible to live on Earth without air. And Neptune says that you cannot live without water. So they argued for a long time. To resolve their dispute, they decided to ask someone.

They were the first to encounter plants. The atmosphere asks:

Tell me, what is more important to you, air or water? The plants answered them:

You can't live without water! We need water for growth and nutrition.

Neptune rejoiced:

King Neptune and Queen Atmosphere looked at each other. And we decided to ask people and animals. But here they heard the same thing.

And they decided not to argue with each other anymore. Life on Earth is in full swing. And everything is important for this life: air and water.

"Every living thing needs water"

Once upon a time there lived a hare. One day he decided to take a walk in the forest. The day was very cloudy, it was raining, but this did not stop the bunny from taking a morning walk through his native forest. A bunny is walking, walking, and a hedgehog with no head or legs meets him.

- “Hello hedgehog! Why are you so sad?"

- “Hello bunny! Why be happy, look at the weather all morning It is raining, the mood is disgusting."

- “Hedgehog, imagine what would happen if there was no rain at all, and the sun always shone.”

- “It would be great, we could walk, sing songs, have fun!”

- “Yeah, hedgehog, it’s not like that. If there is no rain, all the trees, grass, flowers, all living things will wither and die.”

- “Come on, hare, I don’t believe you.”

- “Let's check it out”?

- “And how are we going to check this?”

- “Very simple, here’s a hedgehog holding a bouquet of flowers, this is a gift from me.”

- “Oh thank you bunny, you are a real friend!”

- “Hedgehog and you give me flowers.”

- “Yes, just take it.”

- “And now it’s time to check the hedgehog. Now we will each go to our own homes. I will put my flowers in a vase and pour water into it. And you, hedgehog, also put flowers in a vase, but don’t pour water.”

- “Okay, hare. Goodbye"!

Three days have passed. The hare, as usual, went for a walk in the forest. On this day it was shining bright sun and warmed with its warm rays. A bunny is walking and suddenly a hedgehog with no head or legs meets him.

- “Hedgehog, are you sad again?” The rain has long stopped, the sun is shining, the birds are singing, the butterflies are fluttering. You should be happy."

- “Why should the hare be happy? The flowers you gave me have dried up. I’m so sorry, it was your gift.”

- “Hedgehog, do you understand why your flowers have dried up”?

“Of course I understand, I understand everything now. They dried out because they were in a vase without water.”

- “Yes, hedgehog, all living things need water. If there is no water, all living things will dry out and die. And rain is droplets of water that fall to the ground and nourish all the flowers and plants. Trees. Therefore, you need to enjoy everything, rain and sun.”

- “Bunny, I understood everything, thank you. Let’s go for a walk through the forest together and enjoy everything around us!”

« A tale of water, the most wonderful miracle on Earth"

Once upon a time there lived a king, and he had three sons. One day the king gathered his sons and ordered them to bring a MIRACLE. The eldest son brought gold and silver, the middle son brought gems, and the youngest son brought ordinary water. Everyone started laughing at him, and he said:

Water is the most great miracle on the ground. The traveler I met was ready to give me all his jewelry for a sip of water. He was thirsty. I got him drunk clean water and gave some more with me as a reserve. I didn’t need his jewelry; I realized that water is more valuable than any wealth.

And another time I saw a drought. Without rain, the whole field dried up. It came to life only after it rained, filling it with life-giving moisture.

For the third time I had to help people put out a forest fire. Many animals suffered from it. If we had not stopped the fire, the whole village could have burned down if it had spread to it. We needed a lot of water, but we managed with all our might. That was the end of my search.

And now, I think you all understand why water is a wonderful miracle, because without it there would be nothing alive on Earth. Birds, animals, fish, and people cannot live a day without water. And water also has magical powers: it turns into ice and steam,” the youngest son finished his story and showed all the honest people the wonderful properties of water.

The king listened youngest son and declared water the greatest miracle on earth. In his royal Decree, he ordered to conserve water and not pollute water bodies.

"Rowanushka"

Once upon a time there lived a husband and wife, and they had two children. The eldest, unloved, and her name was unkind, her name was Eight. She was angry, capricious, and envious, but her parents affectionately called their little son Romanushka. He was kind and friendly, his parents doted on him. Vosmukha disliked Romanushka and planned to destroy him. She once took a child into a swamp and killed it. But she failed to destroy Romanushka completely. A friendly and curly tree grew in that place, and has since grown throughout the Russian land, and people affectionately called it “Rowanushka.”

IN folk calendar There is a “Peter-Paul fieldfare” day, which falls at the end of September, the time of ripening of the berries. On this day, branches with berries were tied into bunches and hung under the roofs of houses. The custom is associated with the idea of ​​rowan as a tree that can protect a person from all sorts of troubles. Rowan is a symbol and guarantee of happiness and peace in the family, so they tried to plant rowan near the house. Therefore, the rowan is a favorite character in Russian folklore.

"Sunflower"

One day the girl Masha dropped a seed on the ground, right next to the window of her house. After the rain passed, Masha noticed a small sprout and began to care for it and water it. But no matter how hard Masha tried, the sprout had difficulty growing, and then she asked her dad: “Dad, why do I water the sprout every day, loosen the soil, but it doesn’t grow?” Then dad smiled and answered:

“Masha, this is a sunflower, it doesn’t have enough water, it loves light, but you have it in the shade. Let’s replant it while it’s small so that the sunflower gets better sunlight.”

Masha and dad carefully transplanted the plant to the sunny side. Masha couldn't be happier. Every morning she ran to her sunflower and looked to see if it had bloomed, and one early morning Masha saw a “big yellow hat”, it was her sunflower. He turned his head straight towards the sun, which helped him survive and flourish.

"Rose hip"

One early morning in June, the “wild rose” woke up and spread its leaves on the stems, which she really liked. There were many of them, and they shaded the flowers so beautifully with their greenery that the rose carefully monitored their cleanliness. And when it rained, I made sure that every leaf was thoroughly washed, but the wild rose was especially proud of its flowers. But how could one not be proud of them! They really looked like real garden roses. The white flowers emitted such a scent that all the nearby bees flocked as soon as they heard it. Our wild rose was prouder than all the other plants. The same wild rose as she, but with pink flowers considered less attractive than herself. And she told everyone to call herself only a wild rose, although more and more people called her under a different name - rosehip. Rose is the queen of flowers. How could our wild rose exchange this title for some unsounding rosehip?

So, the rose woke up, washed itself with dew, powdered the stamens of the flowers with pollen and began to wait for guests.

Many insects flew to the rose to feast on pollen. The rose treated them, and if she didn’t like someone, she drove them away with her sharp thorns, like a real rose’s. These thorns served as a weapon against herbivores. If it weren’t for them, some cow or passing horse would have eaten it long ago. So days after days passed, until one day the bee said to the wild rose: “Hello, white rosehip.” Rose was so angry that she forbade all insects to fly to visit her. A day or two passed, the beauty became bored, and all the insects were visiting the pink rose hips. On the third day I saw a rose flying past beautiful butterfly and called to her.

“Oh, you stupid white rose,” said the butterfly, “don’t you know that the insects you drove away need you even more than they need you.” If they don't pollinate your flowers, you won't have fruit.

Yes, but they called me rosehip,” the rose exclaimed indignantly.

And you are a rosehip and you should be proud of it. What is the use of a garden rose? She is beautiful and smells, but she is not useful, and you are a rosehip, medicinal plant. Combining the beauty of a garden rose and its medicinal benefits to people, the rose hip is far superior to the common rose. In the fall, when orange or red fruits ripen on your branches, people will collect them and dry them. And in winter, when there are few vitamins, they will make tea for themselves and remember the rosehip with a kind word. And many garden roses are your descendants. For example, such as tea roses.

Well, I have to go. - And the butterfly flew away. And the rose invited guests to her place.

“About how the birch and willow remained faithful to their home”

It was a long time ago. In the old protected forest there lived a small birch tree. Her name was Rosyanka. Why? Waking up early in the morning, she washed herself with the night dew.

Other trees grew next to her. Different. Among them are oak and maple. They were proud of their unusually beautiful carved leaves and did not want to know anyone in the forest. They were very self-important. Both oak and maple often laughed at Rosinka; her leaves seemed very simple and unpretentious to them.

A willow tree also lived next to Rosinka. They called her Pushinka in the forest because reverse side its leaves were soft and warm. The arrogant neighbors did not want to be friends with her. And Rosinka liked the willow. And they became friends, in the summer they enjoyed the sun and rain together. In the fall, they covered the ground together with fallen leaves to cover their roots from hunger; they slept together in the winter; they saw beautiful dreams about spring and summer.

But suddenly everything suddenly changed. The Snow Queen decided that north pole she can’t get enough and needs to expand the boundaries of her possessions. And a very long winter came to the forest with severe frosts and cold winds, and the summer became short. The trees in the forest became agitated, worried and decided that it was better to give in to the Snow Queen and go where it was warm. After consulting, they came to the conclusion to invest all their strength in the seeds and fly with the wind to warm countries.

But then the voices of Rosinka and Pushinka were heard. They offered to stay, because they were here native home. Leave him to his own devices? Especially at a time like this Hard time? But no one listened to them. Everyone was just talking about how good they would be in a foreign land, in the warmth.

As the days passed, the wind carried the seeds of the trees to where it was warm. The turn came to Rosinka and Pushinka - they resolutely refused to leave native land, as the wind did not persuade them.

And they stayed at home, only over time they became completely different, because the cruel Snow Queen decided to destroy them and sent a severe frost that bound the earth. But it contains roots that feed and water the tree.

But neither Rosinka nor Pushinka were afraid, but transferred their roots to upper layer soil. What did this give them? Behind short summer they managed to stock up on water and food for the whole winter.

The Snow Queen did not calm down here either; she ordered the wind to destroy them at all costs. But even now the friends did not give up: they only bent the branches to the ground and hid them under the snow. At the same time, their branches became very small. Since that time, Rosinka and Pushinka began to be called dwarf.

But now the Snow Queen could not sleep peacefully: two small trees did not want to submit to her! She decided to ruin them with thirst. But our friends thought and thought and again found a way out - they decided to reduce their leaves, and the birch tree covered them with a waxy coating, and Pushinka made them even more feathery in order to drink less water.

The Snow Queen was never able to conquer the birch and willow. They loved their native land very much and were very close friends.

"Health Herb"

The boy Vanya was walking through a forest clearing. He walked along, humming a song, and did not notice that he was trampling on grass that was completely unsightly to the eye. But suddenly he tripped over a cobblestone and broke his knee. The bruise was so bad that there was blood. "What to do? No water, no brilliant green, no bandage, Vanya thought. “How should I treat my wound?”

And suddenly I heard:

I can help you.

And Vanya angrily:

Who are you? And how can you help me?

And I am a small, completely inconspicuous plant. Even though I have thick, strong, sinewy leaves, it still hurts when someone accidentally steps on me. But it takes me a lot of time to grow. My little seed must fall into the ground, it must be watered by rain, and warmed by the sun. Only then will it release its stem. Time will pass, the root will thicken, the stem will gain strength, the leaves will become large and filled with healing juice. Since ancient times people have known my healing properties. By applying my leaf to the wound, you can stop the bleeding.

Yes, indeed, you are so small, but you can do so much,” Vanya answers. “What is your name?”

Plantain.

I will know now, take care of you, and tell my friends. And we will be friends together: both people and plants. Make friends and help each other.

"Oak"

Once upon a time, there lived a king. He was very noble and rich. And he had a daughter whom he loved more than anything in the world. One day the princess fell ill, she stopped drinking and eating, and became weaker every day. The king was saddened, he called all his court doctors and ordered them to cure his daughter by any means. No matter how hard the wise men tried, they failed; the princess continued to get sick. By chance, a wanderer drove by, stopped by the palace and learned about the royal misfortune.

And he said to the king: “I can cure your daughter. In your garden grows the sure cure for your daughter’s illness. According to the Druid horoscope, each person has his own tree, a guardian angel, so to speak. You just need to stand under your tree and many ailments will recede. Your daughter’s tree is an oak tree, this tree has healing powers due to the content of phytoncides.”

The wanderer took the princess into the garden and said: “Stand under the oak tree, hug it, pressing your whole body. Stand with your bare feet on the ground, and you will feel better.”

A few days later the princess came to life, turned pink, had an appetite, and began to recover. The generous king, in gratitude, offered the stranger the hand of his daughter. Since then they have lived in peace and harmony, happiness and health. And under the window grows a mighty oak tree, which is carefully looked after by the princess and her relatives. The oak tree has become a family friend, they water it, dig up soil around the trunk, so as not to damage the roots.

"Owl"

One day Dunno went into the forest. I went for a walk, and lo and behold, it was already getting dark. We need to quickly run home. Suddenly, right in front of him, a large gray bird silently landed on a stump.

Who are you? - Dunno was scared.

You are a bird. But why do you fly at night then? After all, the other birds are already sleeping.

You see, Dunno, I can’t see well during the day when the sun is shining brightly. It blinds me. But I don’t see even in the dead of night, as you think, I fly in the evening, in the gray twilight.

Ah, that's why you're so gray. But why do you need to be gray, because then no one will see you? And yet, if you fly silently, no one will hear you.

I must be invisible and inaudible so that those small animals, mice, bunnies, birds that I hunt, do not hear me. And I'm the only one. Cats and some other nocturnal animals also hunt this way.

"Mysterious animal"

A cat catches mice, a seagull eats fish, a flycatcher eats flies. Tell me what you eat and I will tell you who you are. And I hear a voice:

Guess who am I? And I eat beetles and ants

I thought and said firmly:

I guessed wrong! I also eat wasps and bumblebees!

Yeah! You are a honey-buzzard bird!

Not a buzzard! I also eat caterpillars and larvae!

Thrushes love caterpillars and larvae.

And I'm not a thrush! I also gnaw on the antlers shed by elk.

Then you probably wood mouse.

And not a mouse at all. Sometimes I eat mice myself!

Mice? Then, of course, you are a cat.

Either a mouse or a cat! And you didn't guess right at all.

Show yourself! - I shouted. And he began to peer into the dark spruce, from where the voice was heard.

I'll show myself. Just admit yourself defeated.

Early! - I answered.

Sometimes I eat lizard. And occasionally - fish.

Maybe you're a heron?

Not a heron. I catch chicks and steal eggs from birds' nests.

Looks like you're a marten.

Don't tell me about the marten. The marten is my old enemy. I also eat kidneys, nuts, seeds of fir trees and pine trees, berries and mushrooms.

I got angry and shouted: “I give up!” The branches swayed, parted and I saw a squirrel!

Remember! - she said. -Cats eat not only mice, seagulls catch not only fish, flycatchers swallow not only flies.

And squirrels gnaw on more than just nuts. I am the most famous animal in the forest.

(for children of senior preschool age)

Program content: To form an idea of ​​air, its properties (colorless, weighty, odorless, lighter than water, moves); about the role in the life of living beings.

Develop interest in cognitive activity and experimentation.

Develop thinking, learn to draw conclusions during experiments, and justify judgments.

Materials and equipment: Hanging scales; 2 identical balloons; a glass of water for each; cocktail straws; an empty glass for everyone; transparent container with water; 2 candles; jar; matches; fans for everyone; plastic bags for everyone; sharp chopsticks for everyone; soap bubbles on the floor of the group; cards - designations of air properties; Frog toy; Balloons in a bundle.

Preliminary work: Conversation “Alive and not Live nature"; looking at illustrations in the encyclopedia; observing the wind while walking.

Educator:Guys, today we will have an unusual activity.

Remember, we talked about living and non-living nature. Let's remember what belongs to living nature (people, animals, plants)?

What about non-living nature (stones, water, air, soil, stars)?

Well done! Now listen carefully to the riddle. If you solve it, you will find out what we will talk about in class today.

We need him to breathe

To inflate the balloon.

With us every hour,

But we don’t see it.

That's right, it's air.

Guys, what do you know and can say about air?

Our entire planet is shrouded in a blanket of air. Air is everywhere: on the street, in the room, in the ground, in the water, and even inside us.

(Sounds are heard from behind the doors)

Little Frog: Oh, help, save me, I’m flying!!!

Educator: Who is that screaming there (opening the doors)?

(A frog flies into the room on balloons.)

Hello little frog! How did you come to us?

Little Frog: Hello guys! I was walking with balloons, but suddenly the wind picked me up and carried me, carried me and brought me to your kindergarten.

How interesting you are here! What are you doing here? Can I stay?

Educator: Of course, stay. Today the guys and I are talking about air.

Little Frog: About the air? What is air? I heard something about him, but never met him. Maybe he doesn't exist at all?

Educator: Wait a minute, frog. I have never met him either, but I know that he is around us.

Little Frog: I don't see anything. Where is he? Where did he hide?

Educator: He didn't hide anywhere. Guys, let's prove to the frog that there really is air. I invite everyone to the mini-laboratory so that we can conduct experiments like real scientists (children move to the tables).

Experience No. 1 "How to catch air."

Educator: Take plastic bags from the table and try to catch the air.

Twist the bags. What happened to the packages? What's in them? What is he like? Do you see him?

Little Frog: I'm sure there's nothing there!

Educator: Fine! Let's check. Take a sharp stick and carefully pierce the bag. Bring it to your face and press it with your hands. What do you feel?

(The teacher brings the bag to the frog.)

Little Frog: I don't see it, but I feel it.

Educator: Well done frog! You yourself made the correct conclusion that air cannot be seen, but it can be felt.

Let's put a card on the easel indicating the properties of air: “Air has no color. It's transparent."

Experience No. 2"What's in the glass?"

Educator: Look, I have a glass in my hands. Do you think it's empty?

Little Frog: It is clear to everyone that there is nothing in it.

Educator: We'll check it now. We will need a container of water and this glass.

Let's turn the glass upside down and slowly lower it into the water. Please note that the glass must be held level.

What do you see? Does water get into the glass?

We pull it out. Look, the outside of the glass is wet, but what about the inside?

(The teacher invites the children to touch the inside of the glass.)

Guys, why didn't the water get into the glass? What can be concluded?

That's right, there is air in the glass, it doesn't let water in.

Now, let's try to lower our glass into the water, but we will hold it slightly tilted. Look closely, what appeared in the water?

We see air bubbles. Where did he come from?

What can be concluded?

When a glass is lowered into water, it gradually displaces the air from it, taking its place.

Little Frog: Guys, I also remembered how you can see the air! I sat in the pond and blew bubbles into the water through a straw. It was so much fun.

Educator: Well done frog! You told me another interesting experiment with air.

Experience No. 3"Air is lighter than water"

Educator: In front of you are glasses of water and cocktail straws. Insert the straws into the water and blow into them. What do you see? What comes out of the water with bubbles? Where does it come from?

Little Frog: Why do bubbles rise to the surface?

Educator: Because air is lighter than water.

Let's put another card on the easel - designating the property of air “Air is lighter than water.”

Guys, frog! I have a little surprise for you.

(The teacher takes out soap bubbles).

What is this? What do you think is inside the bubbles? Let's play a little. At first, some children will cheat them, others will catch them, and then vice versa.

Physical exercise “Soap bubbles”.

Now let's go to our laboratory. New discoveries await us!

Do you think air has weight?

Little Frog: Of course not!

Educator: Want to check it out?

Experience No. 4 “Does air have weight?”

(The teacher picks up a balloon.)

What's in my hands? Why is it called that? Well done!

We will need scales and two identical balloons.

You can make these scales yourself from a string and a stick (shows scales).

I hung balls on both sides. Look, the scales are balanced now.

I'll take a sharp stick and poke one of the balls.

What happened? What can be concluded?

The balloon with air sank down, and the burst balloon rose up. This means that a balloon with air is heavier than a balloon without air.

We place a new card on the easel indicating the property of air “Air has weight.”

Little Frog: I'm wondering if the air has a smell? What do you guys think?

Educator: Try to suck in air through your nose. Does it smell?

We put the following card “Air has no smell”

Little Frog: Then why does the kitchen smell like pies, and the meadow smells like flowers?

Educator: Wait, don't rush. I'll try to explain it to you. The air has no smell, but by moving it can bring it to our noses.

Little Frog: Can he still move?

Educator: Tell me, little frog, how did you end up visiting us today?

Little Frog: The wind brought me.

Educator: Guys, what is wind? What kind of wind is there?

Wind is the movement of air. Can we feel the air moving? How about seeing?

While walking, we often observe air movement (trees swaying, clouds running, a pinwheel spinning, steam coming out of our mouths).

Can we feel air movement in the room? How?

Experience No. 5"Air Movement"

Take the fan in your hands and wave it in front of your face. How did you feel?

And if we opened the window now, what would we feel? Well done!

So, we conclude that air moves and put a new card indicating the properties of air.

Guys, today we talked a lot about air, its properties, but we forgot to say the most important thing that air is necessary for all living things. We can't live even 5 minutes without it.

Try it, close your mouth and pinch your nose with two fingers. Don't breathe.

Why did you remove your hand and open your mouth? What were you missing? Did you feel good without air?

Let's do another experiment.

Experience No. 6 “Why does the flame go out?”

Let's take 2 candles and light them. Let's cover one of them with a jar and watch what happens.

Why did the candle in the jar go out?

The jar ran out of oxygen and formed carbon dioxide. In the same way, we cannot live without oxygen in the air.

Tell me guys, where does oxygen come from?

Little Frog: So if there were no plants, we couldn't breathe?

Educator: That's right frog!

Children, what conclusion can we draw?

It is necessary to plant more plants and not pollute the air with exhaust gases. We need to protect our planet and take care of clean air.

Well done boys! You worked very well, learned a lot, and I hope you remembered a lot.

Let's use the flashcards to remember everything we talked about in class.

1. Air has no color.

2. Air is lighter than water.

3. The air has no odor.

4. Air has weight.

5. Air moves.

6. We breathe air. He is part of nature.

Little Frog: Thank you guys for this interesting activity. Now I'm the smartest frog in the world!

Educator: Be sure to come see us again.

Little Frog: I want to give you these balls. Now I know why they are called airborne!!!