Explores environmental problems of his native land. Extracurricular event "ecology of the native land." Environmental problems of the village

V.I. Litvinova MDOU General developmental kindergarten No. 11, Tomsk
The word “ecology” has become firmly entrenched in our lives. We are witnessing the greening of all spheres of life, it includes different aspects- philosophical, economic, geographical, social, ethical, etc. This is where ecology came from native land, regions, cities, houses, souls, “ecological passport”, “ecologically friendly products”, etc. Let's remember what ecology is. "Eco" is what is outside, around us. There is a translation from Greek: “oikos” - house, dwelling, location and “logy” - studying. Ecology is the science of the relationships of organisms and the communities they form among themselves and with the environment. Simply put, ecology studies the environment that surrounds any living creature, including humans, and the term itself has a broader meaning.
IN Lately many publications have appeared on environmental theme, including about the Tomsk region. This material can be used to work with children in ecology classes, because Tomsk is our habitat, which means we are influenced by the state of nature in the Tomsk region. Tomsk ecologists offer many ways to protect nature. For example, one of the measures to improve the environment is the improvement and landscaping of populated areas - the creation of parks, squares, gardens, boulevards, street and intra-block landscaping, protective green areas around industrial enterprises. Species diversity of plantings is also necessary. Gorzelenkhoz, the Botanical Garden, and flower growers take care of this. The city becomes more beautiful every year. How to protect people's work from vandalism? One way out is to educate people with beauty.
The balance in nature is easy to disturb; the life of living beings is very fragile. We see this in our own lives: due to air and water pollution, people get sick. Natural resources are depleted. How to save what little is left? How to use it rationally? How to preserve and improve your habitat? Knowledge about this needs to be given to children in a way that is accessible to their sensory, emotional and mental development. It is necessary to lay down a basic minimum of environmental knowledge for subsequent environmental education at school.
For several years I have been developing the topic: “Ecology of my native land.” The Tomsk region has many natural areas, mineral resources, and a diverse world of plants and animals. You can find many topics for environmental research in classes with children. For example, in the Tomsk region there are many deposits of clay, sand, and gravel. Properties of these objects inanimate nature You can explore to your heart's content - and sculpt from clay, and play with water at the fountain, and “catch” air in soap bubbles, and try to grind stones, simulating a tidal wave, and you can make “Easter cakes” from sand all year round- there is a special sandbox table for this. There is plenty of space for all these experiments in the Winter Garden; not every teacher would want to arrange “this” in a group room. In my work I use programs from S.N. Nikolaeva, N.A. Ryzhova,
N. Kondratieva (program “We”), other manuals on ecology, adapted for work in the Winter Garden. Some of the best, in my opinion, are “Ecology for Children”, “Ekolobok”, “Murzilka” by L.N. Erdakova. His publications on habitats are very helpful in my work. The topics presented in his manuals can be developed endlessly; there are no indifferent children in the classroom. Classes are held in the Winter Garden, at preschool educational institutions. The territory of the preschool educational institution is very interesting: there are small fragments of “wild” nature, there are several pine trees, under which boletus grows every year, there is an area with birch trees and a small lawn where boletus, white cape, russula or pigweed grow. These topics, of course, are also used in classes. The Winter Garden presents different types indoor plants, there is a "Living Corner" where hedgehogs live, guinea pig, rabbit, hamster, turtles, parrots, fish, snails and other living creatures. Situations with animals are played out in class: we cannot bring hedgehogs from the forest, because we will not be able to find many insects for them to eat, hedgehogs sleep in winter, and it is hot and noisy in the Winter Garden - you will not sleep. We are trying to force the children to behave quietly, because the Winter Garden is small forest, all the little animals and insects (spiders, snails, etc.) will hide from the noise, and they won’t see anyone. Children are proud of the Winter Garden, this is evident when they bring their parents and show them their favorite animal.
The entire program “Ecology of the Native Land” is divided into blocks:
"Inanimate nature". These include topics: “Water”, “Air”, “Soil”, “Rocks and Minerals”, “Cosmic Bodies”, “Sun”, “Moon”, “Constellations and moon calendar", "Space Travel".
II. "Living nature and its relationship with inanimate nature." Here we meet biological objects Tomsk region, city, Winter Garden, their life cycles; ecosystems of fresh water bodies, swamps, taiga, and other forests. During the school year
a lot of practical work in the Winter Garden for caring for animals and plants, planting plants for oneself, for a kindergarten, landscaping the territory of a preschool educational institution. This includes the topic “Man as a living being.”
"Ecology of our habitat." Here we conduct environmental studies of the city, kindergarten, home, work with the “Ecological Passport”, “Red Book”, and talk about nature conservation.
"Our planet is in danger." Here we are talking about water, air, soil pollution; about human behavior in nature, on the street, at home; carry out environmental activities, holidays and entertainment.
In classes, children will learn about the ecosystems of the Tomsk region, other regions of Siberia and globe, because it’s no secret that no matter where we live, we still influence the nature of the whole world. Scientists and progressive people of our time have been writing about this more and more often lately. The worsening environmental problems in our country and abroad threaten the existence of people all over the world. Not only the nature of the Earth requires protection, but also humanity - as a part of this nature. Need intensive educational work to develop an ecological culture of environmental management among the population. In the education system, the foundations of environmental consciousness and culture are laid in preschool childhood. But existing programs are mainly educational programs about the world around us. Teachers form in children a humane attitude towards living beings; this is, of course, a positive attitude towards nature, but it is no longer sufficient. We need an urgent change in people's consciousness and attitude towards nature.
Several years ago, the “Red Book of the Tomsk Region” was published. This is an official reference book compiled by Tomsk ecologists. It turns out that in the Tomsk region, 180 rare and endangered species of animals, plants, and fungi need protection due to a reduction in their numbers as a result of human activity, and some species may disappear. Despite various activities to preserve the nature of the Tomsk region, carried out by employees of "Oblkompriroda", environmental organizations and the "Society for the Conservation of Nature", the culture of the population is low. There are many examples of this, we will not dwell on them now.
Preschool childhood is the beginning of the formation of a person’s personality, his attitude towards himself and the world around him. How small man will learn to relate to the world around him, so in adult life he will apply the acquired knowledge. Children are instinctively drawn to nature, to living beings. During this period of their development, they learn everything with their senses and try to understand existence. Therefore, it is important to form in children a consciously correct attitude towards the natural objects and phenomena that surround them. It's hard to love what you don't know. The more children learn about the natural objects of our city and region, the more carefully they will treat them, the better they will begin to understand their needs for a clean and healthy environment and food. The role of the teacher is important here - how he presents this knowledge, this knowledge will remain, if not in the child’s memory, then somewhere in the subconscious. Our children now have a beneficial time to understand themselves in the world around them; when they grow up, they will have responsibilities, school, work, and hobbies. Classes are held different ways: this is a conversation, and practical exercises, and observation, and communication with living objects. Children discuss in class what kind of house they would like to live in, what the yard near the house should be like, what kind of apartment, etc. During such a conversation, it is not the teacher who teaches the children how and where they should live, but the children express their inner desire, the need for an environmentally friendly , aesthetic and harmonious with the nature of life. Children learn not to think thoughtlessly about the things of nature and everyday life around them, but to find the expediency of their use, for example: planting trees in the city for clean air; old things that are still wearable can be given to others; plastic dishes can be reused, etc. Children acquire practical skills and abilities. For example, plant seeds are sown. First they find out that there is a small plant “sleeping” inside; then - how to “wake up” it and grow it - warm it with your hands, plant it in the ground, water it, put it in a bright place warm place, and if you do it wrong, the seed will not wake up. In classes, children get acquainted with the life of natural objects, for example, with the life of trees. How they grow, grow old, what happens to them when they grow old and fall to the ground. You can touch the trees, they are warm even in winter. A tree can help difficult moments life: poplar will take away sadness, birch will give joy and heal. The child learns to find help from plants. “Look at the flower, be surprised, rejoice,” these words can help us too. This establishes a harmonious connection between the child and nature. Education goes through natural objects: what a beautiful moss, a bump under our feet - we won’t take it, let it stay here, here they are beautiful, here they are in place, this is someone’s home, someone’s food. Everything in nature is expedient, if you remove one link in the food chain, an ecological disaster may occur. In the process of communicating with living beings, it is restored peace of mind, child's health. It is especially interesting for children to get acquainted with natural areas Tomsk district - their eyes light up. If you are careful, you can see and learn a lot that is not somewhere in Africa, but not far away, in the neighboring forest, for example, you can see a ferret or a hare. Children begin to fantasize, including themselves in various situations. This is a kind of training for correct environmental behavior.
Or work with the “Ecological Passport” - it contains all the trees and shrubs growing on the preschool grounds, icons of birds, insects, plants and other living creatures that live or sometimes appear on the territory of the kindergarten. Children suggest which bird or insect still needs to be marked on the “Ecological Passport”.
Parents help introduce children to unique places cities, regions are nature reserves, specially protected areas, natural monuments (lakes, springs, etc.), Siberian Botanical Garden, University Grove, then talk about their trips. We discuss together how to have a good rest in nature and not harm it. These are traditional places for Tomsk residents to relax and gather wild plants. No police or environmental inspectors will be enough to protect these places. We need the good will of people, environmental culture
tour and ecological worldview. How we coped with this task will be shown in the near future.
As a result of four years environmental education and education, children must distinguish living from nonliving nature; know about the life and needs of living organisms, about the ecosystems of the Tomsk region; learn to humanely treat animals in a corner of nature, care for the plants of the Winter Garden; have basic environmental culture: do not throw garbage, do not break trees, etc.

PROGRAM

subject of choice

biology

"Ecology of the native land"

8th grade

compiled by: biology teacher

Smirnova E.V.

year 2014.

"ECOLOGY OF THE NATIVE LANDSCAPE"

Explanatory note

The elective biology subject program “Ecology of the Native Land” is designed for 8th grade students and is aimed at acquiring in-depth environmental knowledge about the village of Zubovo and the Vologda region generally.

The main goal of the course: studying the biodiversity and ecology of the main taxa of plants, fungi, lichens and animals in typical natural communities of their native land; development of cognitive interests, intellectual and creative abilities in the process of observing the state of nature of the native land, independent acquisition of knowledge; nurturing love for one’s land, one’s country, forming an individual’s ecological culture.

The main objectives of the course are: to familiarize students with current problems conservation of biodiversity in the world, Russia, the Vologda region, Belozersky district and the village of Zubovo, the role of natural scientists in the study and conservation of the region’s biodiversity; students’ acquisition of knowledge about the main life forms, types of plants, fungi, lichens and animals of the “Sholsky forest reserve”, as well as the necessary measures for their protection; on measures for their use of economically valuable species in the region; students studying environmental problems of the Vologda region; identification by students of sources of pollution in the biosphere of their native land and determination of the impact of these pollution on human health; students mastering the ability to work with identification cards, identification cards, and laboratory equipment; formation and development of key competencies among students and satisfaction of interest in studying the nature of their native land.

The practical orientation of the elective course is implemented in various forms project activities, practical and laboratory work.

The program of the subject “Ecology of the Native Land” provides 34 teaching hours (1 hour per week) and includes 7 sections.

Program content:

1 Introduction (3 hours)

Biosocial nature of man and the sciences that study him. The emergence of human sciences. The influence of environmental conditions on the morphology and anatomy of plants. Botanical excursions to the forest, meadow, and swamp.

Excursion. Biodiversity of the native land.

History of the study of medicinal plants in the Vologda region. Characteristics of medicinal plants of forests, swamps, meadows. Protection of rare medicinal plants.

3. The problem of environmental protection in the Vologda region (5 hours)

Ecological state of Russia and the Vologda region. Rare species of plants and animals. Specially protected natural areas of the Vologda region, Belozersky district. Tourism and nature conservation.

Practical work. Identification according to atlases of protected areas in the Vologda region.

Life forms and ecological groups of plants, fungi, lichens. Woody plants. Distinctive features structures of trees and shrubs. Gymnosperms. Variety and ecological groups of gymnosperms. Deciduous plants and shrubs. Species composition deciduous trees and bushes. Herbaceous plants. A variety of herbaceous vegetation. Biodiversity, importance and protection of fungi and lichens.

Practical work. Definition of species and environmental groups gymnosperms. Identification of deciduous trees and shrubs on the territory of the village of Zubovo. Determination of the main representatives of herbaceous vegetation. Determination of types of fungi and types of lichens.

Practical work. Studying the diversity of plants in the reserve. Description species composition plants. Description of the species composition of amphibians, reptiles, and fish of local water bodies. Compiling a list of birds of the local fauna. Description of the species composition of mammals of the local fauna. History of studying the nature of the Vologda region.

Excursion.

6. Shola River (3 hours)

Shola River, its flora and fauna. Condition Research aquatic environment Shola River.

Laboratory works.

The relationship between man and the natural environment. The impact of environmental pollution on human health. Final lesson.

Project activities. Let's save the nature of our native land.

Ecology is the science of the laws of existence of the living world on Earth. Methods of environmental research. The problem of biodiversity conservation.

Expected Result:

students must

know:

biodiversity of the Vologda region and the village of Zubovo

life forms of plants and animals in their area

species composition of the flora and fauna of their homeland

environmental research methods

environmental problems in your area

the impact of environmental pollution on human health

rare species plants and animals

the importance of plants and animals and measures for their protection

be able to:

independently carry out practical and laboratory works, carry out project activities, conduct research, experiments and observations

work with identification cards, identification cards, laboratory equipment

analyze and draw conclusions from the information received

find possible solutions to environmental problems

approach a problem creatively

Literature:

Polyansky I.I. Botanical excursions. Manual for teachers. M., Education, 1968.

Geography of the Vologda region. Textbook for students in grades 8-9 secondary school./ Edited by E.A. Skupinova, O.A. Zolotova. - Vologda: Educational literature, 2005.

Belozerye. Local history almanac. issue 2. - Vologda: “Legia” 1998.

Rare and protected plants of the Vologda region. - 1991. - 40 p.

Rare plants Vologda region // Specially protected natural areas. - Vologda: Rus Publishing House, 1993. - P. 180-193, 214-229.

Flora of forests // Forests of the Vologda land. - Vologda: Legia Publishing House, 1999. - P. 137-170.

Vascular plants national park"Russian North". - M.: Publishing house. IPEE RAS, 2004. - 62 p.

Vascular plants // Red Book of the Vologda Region. T. 2. Plants and mushrooms. — Vologda: VSPU; Publishing house "Rus", 2004. - P. 9-240.

Resource characteristics of medicinal plants of the Vologda region. - Vologda: Rus Publishing House, 2005. - 140 p.

10) Flora and vegetation // Nature of the Vologda region. - Vologda: Publishing House "Vologzhanin", 2007. - P. 173-240.

11) New finds of bryophytes in the Vologda region. 1 // Arctoa. - 2009. - Vol. 18. - P. 251-253.

12) "Biological encyclopedic Dictionary." Ch. ed. M. S. Gilyarov; Editorial team: A. A. Babaev, G. G. Vinberg, G. A. Zavarzin and others - 2nd ed., corrected. - M.: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1986.

Thematic plan

Research works:

Medicinal plants p. Zubovo.

Goal: to introduce the biodiversity of medicinal plants growing within the village. Zubovo, to identify their productivity, medicinal value and use among the population.

Composition and quality of water in the Shola river.

Purpose: to introduce the main indicators of water quality; show the role of water in human life; identify substances harmful to health contained in water.

Water content in the human body. Basic requirements for drinking water. Organoleptic indicators of water. Danger of water pollution. Drinking water quality and human health. Methods of water purification.

Ornithological research of the Sholsky Forest reserve

Goal: to introduce the species of birds living in the reserve near the village. Zubovo, make a list of birds of the local fauna.

Mosses and lichens of the Sholsky Forest reserve

Goal: to introduce the biological diversity of mosses and lichens of the Sholsky Forest reserve. Identify their location, meaning, and use among the population.

Living nature is the main asset of our Earth; human society has developed in its depths and exists at its expense. It satisfies our nutritional needs and provides the main living conditions for people on the planet - the composition of the air environment, protection from cosmic radiation, clean water, soil fertility, and climate moderation.

For humans, the plant world acts as plant resources. These resources, especially forests, are significant in Bashkortostan. Forests occupy about 39% of the region's territory. In neighboring Tatarstan, the forest area makes up only 17% of the territory. Wood reserves allow the development of forestry, wood chemical and other industries.

The water conservation role of forests is very important. They accumulate more snow, which feeds the rivers. Especially important for us are mountain forests that feed rivers and protect mountain slopes from erosion. If you deplete the forests, you can cause irreparable damage not only to Bashkortostan, but also to neighboring regions, since the rivers flowing into the plains will dry up.

Forests are the source of life for numerous herbivorous animals, in close connection with which there are also predatory animals.

From negative qualities, somewhat reducing the value of the republic’s forest resources, we note their uneven distribution. About 70% of the forest area is in Mountainous Bashkortostan, where forest cover reaches more than 80%. As a result of intensive deforestation, the forest area of ​​Bashkortostan has decreased by half over the last century. Due to plowing, steppe vegetation suffered. Steppe areas also suffer from excessive grazing.

Various animals inhabiting the territory of the republic represent animal resources for us. Like vegetation, the animal world has been significantly depleted by humans. Wild horses, saigas, beavers, and red deer have long disappeared. The number of bears, otters, and minks has decreased. Animals of prey are sometimes thought to cause damage.

Let's consider the opposite - the positive impact of humans on the flora and fauna. This impact is expressed in the protection, rational use and replenishment of plants and animals. Much has been done and is being done in this direction.

1. Three reserves were created - Bashkir State reserve, Shulgantash and Yuzhno-Uralsky. Rare species of animals and plants are protected on the territory of these reserves.

2. 15 state hunting reserves and 12 reserves for the protection of medicinal plants have been organized. 148 natural sites have been declared natural monuments.

3. Protection and restoration of forests are being decided - field-protective forest plantations are being created, forests are being planted, work is underway to prevent forest fires, school forest districts and green patrols are being created.

4. Much has been done to protect and replenish animals: valuable animals have been settled - American mink, deer, muskrat, muskrat, river beaver. The moose population is growing.

5. Many animals are taken under protection, for example Brown bear, deer, roe deer, etc.

6. Lakes, reservoirs and ponds are being stocked with fish.

7. There is a fight against poachers who violate the timing and places of hunting and fishing.

There is still much to be done. It is necessary to abandon the consumer attitude towards forest resources. In this case, it should be noted that the principle is “as much as is needed” on the other – “as much as possible”. Forest resources are called renewable and exhaustible. We can harvest wood only within the limits of annual forest growth, and not as much as you need. “If you cut down a tree, plant two,” foresters say, but, unfortunately, so far in the republic an average of 20 thousand hectares are planted and 27 thousand hectares are cut down.

All our activities will help the wildlife of the region only if each of us firmly understands the importance of caring for forests, meadows, birds, and animals. When communicating with nature, convince yourself: “This is our common, and therefore my forest, my river, lake. I must take care of all this. Who will save this world if not me.”

Life practice itself suggests: the ecology of nature without the ecology of the soul is unthinkable. We are terribly destroying the vegetation cover of the earth, proud and independent animals, all the beauty that only sustains life.

Nature appears before us in all its beauty and grandeur. We admire her, she selflessly gives us joy.

But why then are there guys who destroy bird nests, clog springs or rivers, and break trees? Or they even brutally deal with a cat or dog...

How should we educate the current younger generation, the generation of the 21st century? How to develop environmental consciousness, careful attitude to nature? This difficult task. It is not so easy to develop environmental habits in a person. After all, we do not understand the behavior of those who pick a flower and do not think about the fact that this flower is dying. What needs to be done so that forests, fields, rivers, our smaller brothers - animals and birds - do not suffer from the cruel hands of poachers? How to stop from thoughtless actions? Ultimately, man himself, a piece of nature, will suffer.

What ways, forms and methods are used to educate a caring person who will be a real guardian and master of the incredible riches of our planet?

Students should receive answers to questions: why you shouldn’t throw garbage wherever you can light a fire in the forest, why you need to plant flowers and why you shouldn’t break tree branches, etc.

Dear guys and guests! Our conference is dedicated to one of the most current issues of our time - the relationship between man and nature. (tell 1 sheet and abstract).

We present to your attention speeches on the topics: Ecological state of the oil industry in our region, Protection and rational use flora and fauna, Ecological problems our region, environmental protection is everyone's business.

Literature

1. V.N. Kuznetsov. "Ecology of Russia" Reader. JSC "MDS"

Page 4-5.

2. Khismatov M.F., Sukhov V.P. "Geography of Bashkortostan". Textbook for 9th grade. - Ufa: Kitap. Pages 41-43.

MBOU "Sizobugorsk Secondary School named after the poet M. Utezhanov"

Scientific and practical conference schoolchildren:

“Ecology and Life”, dedicated to the Year of Ecology.

Topic of educational and research work:

"Ecology of the native village."

Completed by a student of 4 "b" class.

Utegalieva Anita

Classroom teacher:

Ismurzaeva Zulfiya Dyusenovna

Garbage is solid household waste (plastic packaging containers, aluminum cans, glass, cleaning and waste of food raw materials, paper, etc.), waste from industrial enterprises, the consequences of walking dogs on lawns, etc. Some nooks and crannies of the village and roadsides are littered with garbage. highways…

Where does garbage come from? Main sources of waste:

• - Human
• - transport
• - the shops

Impact on the health of village residents.

Decaying garbage releases huge amounts of toxic substances that cause many diseases. Changes in plant communities, indirect impact on the fauna of our region. Soil erosion, which reduces fertility and contributes to changes in soil structure.. Synthetic polymers - thousands of plastic bottles, balls, containers, scraps and plastic bags - this is not a complete list polymer materials found on our streets. When such substances are burned, as well as under the influence of ultraviolet rays, substances are formed that are very toxic. Mercury batteries, lamps, and various types of paints can cause mental disorders and deafness.

Target: study the ecology of your native village. Take an active part in improving the environmental situation.

Relevance:

I consider my research topic to be the most relevant in our time. My village is mine native home . We live here. One thing that irritates me is that before we destroy ourselves, we will destroy the planet. The main problem is where to put the garbage.

And it’s not for nothing that 2017 has been declared the year of ecology. I propose to plunge into the ecology of our village.

Hypothesis: Find out whether pollution of the territory affects the ecology of the village?

At the very beginning of research work. I would like to know - What is ecology? There are many definitions of ecology.

Ecology is the science of environmental protection.

From the Greek term “oikos (dwelling) + 1огоs (teaching)” as the science of one’s own home.

I will add from myself: and his behavior in this house.

Environmental problems of the village.

What environmental problems have I identified in the village?

I notice that our village has a lot of beautiful houses, fences, shops... The houses are well-kept, the fences are painted, some of the streets have flowers and fruit trees planted along them. People should sweep, clean their yard and street. Nowadays we often see garbage that people have become accustomed to. This plastic bottles, film, bags of garbage. On every street there are abandoned houses that are a place for garbage to accumulate.

I began my work with a questionnaire addressed to schoolchildren, in which one of the questions was the following: “What kind of natural environment in your native village? Everyone had the same answer: pure water, fresh air, fertile soils, no hazardous pollutants.

I conducted a study and recorded places with an unsanitary condition: the territory of the former club, fields, banks, near the cemetery. Currently, the field has turned into a garbage dump: manure, plastic bottles, household waste. This is a real breeding ground for various diseases.

All in our hands.

Fight against garbage. The main ways to combat garbage are: increasing the culture of the rural population. We have created special environmental programs at school, participation in events, cleanup days, cool watch…

Installation of trash cans and waste bins in the village. I saw a large trash can only on the school grounds. The school has become much cleaner.

Many villagers burn garbage. But this method is environmentally harmful, because... When burned, many substances form a large number of toxic compounds that cause a number of diseases, including cancer.

Another method is recycling raw materials. But this method for our villages is something out of science fiction.

It’s not for nothing that they say that “clean is not where they clean, but where they don’t litter.” This means that it is necessary to bring to the consciousness of every resident the need to keep their native village clean.

A lot of work is being done at our school. These are: class hours, in lessons, extracurricular activities, cleanup days, various promotions.

• For a glass bottle to decompose, it takes 200 years, paper - 2-3 years, fabric products - 2-3 years, wooden products - several decades, a tin can - more than 90 years, plastic bag– more than 200 years, plastic – 500 years.
• You can use garbage for good - use some of the plastic waste to arrange a flower garden, create various crafts, bird feeders, etc.; If possible, hand over glass containers to a collection point; Give clothes in good condition that are no longer worn to those in need; donate books and magazines to the library.

MBOU "Sizobugorsk secondary school named after the poet Majlis Utezhanov"

Scientific and practical conference for schoolchildren:

“Ecology and Life”, dedicated to the Year of Ecology.

Topic of educational and research work:

"Ecology of the native village."

Completed by a student of grade 4 “b”

Utegalieva Anita

Scientific adviser:

Ismurzaeva Zulfiya Dyusenovna

village Sizyy Bugor 2017

Introduction………………………………………………………3-4

Theoretical part:

What is ecology?........................................................ ........................5

Environmental problems of the village…………………………………6

Negative influence garbage…………………………………………7

Garbage management……………………………………………………………8

3) Practical part:

Photos about the state of the village……………………………………..9

Subbotniks at school…………………………………………….10

Assignment for students in grades 4-5 (drawings)……………………….11

Research: how long does garbage last in water and soil……12-13

4) Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………… 14-15

5) List of references……………………………………………………16

Introduction

Don't throw trash, people!
It can become a big burden...
Take care of the gift of nature,
Give her attention!

Tatiana Tsyganok

Our Motherland is great. Its vastness is vast. But for each of us it begins from our native land. Our region is the Astrakhan region, Volodarsky district, the village of Sizy Bugor.

After all, for a small Motherland, as for a person, the main thing is not the number of years lived, but what they were filled with, what trace they left, what changes and good deeds were accomplished during the time allotted by history.

Years go by, the appearance of the village is changing, I will talk about the prospects for the development of my native village, its ecology, and culture at the present historical stage in my work. After all, in these changes the village, in its appearance, culture, ecology, agricultural development, there is an inextricable connection between times and the continuity of generations.

Environmental problems are currently receiving special attention from the public, scientists, and politicians. And this is no coincidence, since global environmental problems require a depth of environmental knowledge and a responsible attitude towards the environment.

A person’s mental and physical well-being, his mood, business activity, and health depend decisively on the state of the environment. The ecological state of our Fatherland depends on the state of the ecological environment of each, even small settlement.

“We create cities and villages, and they create us,” said Aristotle.

We, the younger generation, growing up in such environmental conditions, when we see that there are fewer and fewer islands of wildlife left in the village, perceive it with great pain and resentment. The soul rejoices at the sight of the cleanliness of our village. But sometimes, we often get upset because of the clutter. Therefore, I believe that at present the topic “Ecology of the native land” is very important.

2017 is the Year of Ecology. The environmental problem is very important stage in the development of humanity. It determines the fate of the human world. People, conquering nature, largely destroyed the balance ecological systems. “Nature used to frighten man, but now man frightens nature,” said French oceanologist Jacques Yves Cousteau. In some places, the environment has reached a state of crisis.
No one can remain indifferent to environmental pollution. “The bird that pollutes its own nest is bad,” says the popular proverb.
Pollution of the surrounding area and reduction of natural resources pose great challenges for humanity. The future of our planet depends on a clean environment. To achieve all this, it is necessary for a person to realize everything himself and take a step to protect nature.
Ecological culture and school are closely interconnected. We are faced with the task of gaining knowledge on ecology. To achieve success, you need to work consistently using real facts.
Ecology as a science is not included in the school curriculum. Therefore, environmental problems have to be studied in elective classes.
In the lessons of the surrounding world, we pay attention to the problems of the relationship between society and nature, to methods for developing the productivity of rural crops and to studying the properties of adaptation of living organisms to environmental factors.

Purpose of the research work: study the ecology of your native village. Take an active part in improving the environmental situation.

Relevance of the research work.

It is important that every person understands the problems of the environment, tries to make it suitable for their living, and causes as little harm to it as possible. I consider my research topic to be the most relevant in our time. Modern man cannot today be completely freed from nature .

On the pages of my educational and research work, I tried to consider (as far as my capabilities allow me) and show, from an environmental point of view, the environmental problem in our village associated with the environmentally illiterate behavior of people. Every person must behave in relation to nature in such a way that natural connections are not disrupted. One thing that irritates me is that before we destroy ourselves, we will destroy the planet.

Object of study: village of Sizyy Bugor

Research objectives:

1.Develop the ability to express one’s attitude towards literary works.

2. Develop interest and respect for the environmental problems of your area.

3. Fostering a love for nature.

Research methods: selection and search required material; material analysis; summing up the results.

Scientific and practical significance. The materials from my research can be used for extracurricular activities, in competition work.

Rationale for choosing the topic: The title of the topic speaks for itself. We propose to plunge into the problem of our village.

Hypothesis: Find out whether pollution of the territory affects the ecology of the village?

Beginning of work: spring 2017

End of work: work continues.

2) Theoretical part:

- What is ecology?

Ecology is the science of environmental protection.

What is ecology? This term, first used in 1866 by the German biologist E. Haeckel (1834-1919), refers to the science of the relationship of living organisms with the environment. The scientist believed that new science will deal only with the relationship of animals and plants with their habitat.

This term firmly entered our lives in the 70s of the 20th century.

However, today we actually talk about environmental problems as social ecology- science that studies problems of interaction between society and the environment.

It seems to me that today the concept of “ecology” is closest to the original understanding of the Greek term “oikos (abode) + 1ogos (teaching)” as the science of one’s own home, i.e. about the biosphere, the features of its development and the role of man in this process.

I will add from myself: and his behavior in this house.

Environmental problems of the village.

What environmental problems have I identified in the village?

Our village is distinguished by the beauty of its houses, fences, shops...
The houses are well maintained, the fences are painted, some of the streets have flowers and fruit trees planted along them. Traditionally, people sweep and clean their yard and street. But “civilization” also left a bad mark. Nowadays we often see garbage that people have become accustomed to. These are plastic bottles, film, garbage bags. Broken roads give it a sloppy appearance. On every street there are abandoned houses, which are places where garbage accumulates, secretly removed by careless owners.

I began my work with a questionnaire addressed to schoolchildren, in which one of the questions was the following: “What would you like to see the natural environment in your native village?” Everyone had the same answer: clean water, clean air, fertile soils, no dangerous pollutants.

What is the real situation?

Briefly describing the current state of the environment and comparing it with what we wanted to have, the conclusion would be: “What we have is clearly different from what we want.”

There are places like unsanitary monuments that make their villagers feel ashamed. The photograph shows all that remains of the kindergarten and club building.

I conducted a study and recorded places with an unsanitary condition: the territory of the former club, fields, banks, cemetery.

Currently, the field has turned into a garbage dump: manure, plastic bottles, household waste. This is a real breeding ground for various diseases.

People themselves, without thinking about the consequences, deprive themselves of a wonderful vacation spot.
Will it be possible to restore it? I think it's possible. After all, some village residents are trying to clear the bank and restore its former appearance. This is another example that spontaneous landfills should not be allowed. It is almost impossible to return to the former nature.

All in our hands.

The negative impact of garbage.

Garbage is solid household waste (plastic packaging containers, aluminum cans, glass, cleaning and waste of food raw materials, paper, etc.), waste from industrial enterprises, the consequences of walking dogs on lawns, etc. Some nooks and crannies of the village and roadsides are littered with garbage. expensive...

Where does garbage come from?

Main sources of waste:

Human

Transport

The shops

Of course, more attention needs to be paid to the person. Walking along the streets, we don’t hesitate to throw away pieces of paper, cigarette butts, and any unnecessary garbage, emptying our pockets. It’s even worse to see the picture when garbage is thrown out of the windows of houses or vehicles. Scientists have calculated that if every person threw at least one piece of paper a day, our streets would be covered dense layer paper.

Impact on the health of village residents.

Decaying garbage releases huge amounts of toxic substances that cause many diseases. Changes in plant communities, indirect impact on the fauna of our region. Soil erosion, which reduces fertility and contributes to changes in soil structure. I will give some facts about the formation of toxic substances as a consequence of the decomposition of organic and mineral waste components. When such substances are burned, as well as under the influence of ultraviolet rays, substances are formed that are very toxic. Alloys containing cobalt negatively affect the hemoglobin content of the blood. Garbage containing products from the electronics industry can impair liver function, and their fumes destroy mucous membranes. Metal coatings containing cadmium, when decomposed, cause destruction of the nervous system. Electroplating, alloys, and solders contain tin, which also has a negative effect on nervous system. Mercury batteries, lamps, and various types of paints can cause mental disorders and deafness. Fight against garbage.

The main ways to combat garbage are: increasing the culture of the rural population. We have created special environmental programs at our school, participation in actions, cleanup days, class hours... Strengthening control over the cleanliness of the streets, introducing administrative penalties for non-compliance with the rules of behavior on the streets and installing trash cans and garbage containers in the village. One of the ways to finally solve the problem of garbage is to burn it. Many villagers use this method. But this method is environmentally harmful, because... When burned, many substances form a large number of toxic compounds that cause a number of diseases, including cancer.

Another method is recycling of raw materials. But this method for our villages is something out of science fiction.

Most effective method Today it is propaganda work. It’s not for nothing that they say that “clean is not where they clean, but where they don’t litter.” This means that it is necessary to bring to the consciousness of every resident the need to keep their native village clean.

Practical part:

Photos about the state of the village

as of March 2017

Saturdays at school.

“We cut down forests, arrange landfills,

But who will take everything under protection?

The streams are empty, there are only sticks in the forest.

It's time for humanity to understand

Taking away the wealth from Nature,

That the Earth also needs to be protected:

She’s just like us - alive!”

At school cleanup

At school cleanup
Great workers.
Clean up the village today
Both old and young came.

Pensioners gathered
Clean streets and fields.
– Do you need helpers?
Suggestions are heard.

It's first class
Cleaning for the first time.
All you can hear is: “Come on!”
Get to work!

Someone is collecting trash
Someone is planting trees
Someone is fidgeting in the flowerbeds,
Happy faces everywhere.

At school cleanup
All the wipers, all the rafts.
Even a restless resident
I came to help today.

Nobody quarrels with anyone
Everyone's work is going well.
The fourth grade decided on "five"
Clean up the village for the holiday.

N. Anishina

Assignment for schoolchildren in grades 4-5:

How do you imagine the “Ecology of your native village?”

(drawings)

Study: How long does trash last in water and soil?

Landfills are breeding grounds for rats, mice, and numerous insects.

It is known that the rate of decomposition of ordinary paper in natural conditions about 2 years, a metal tin can is about 90 years, a plastic bag is about 200 years, and a glass jar is about 1000 years, and most plastics do not biodegrade.

I can confirm these figures with my research: how long does garbage last in water and soil.

Let's put the trash out different materials: paper, plastic, metal, fruit.

In a container with water

In a container with soil

Let's see what happens to the garbage:

It’s scary to think what awaits us in the near future: we will find ourselves hostages, we will surround ourselves with mountains of garbage.

Conclusion

A green world - this is how I want to see the planet and my small homeland. Nature is our common heritage and common Home. Lately it has become more and more difficult and uncomfortable to live in this house. Everything in our complex world is interconnected, nature is fragile and vulnerable, and the consequences of a rude, insane attitude towards animals and flora can be catastrophic. But we have one planet, one for all earthlings and there will not be another. Each resident is responsible to all humanity for preserving nature for present and future generations.

For a glass bottle to decompose, it takes 200 years, paper - 2-3 years, fabric products - 2-3 years, wooden products - several decades, a tin can - more than 90 years, a plastic bag - more than 200 years, plastic - 500 years.

You can use garbage for good - use some of the plastic waste to arrange a flower garden, create various crafts, bird feeders, etc.; If possible, hand over glass containers to a collection point; Give clothes in good condition that are no longer worn to those in need; donate books and magazines to the library; donate old toys to kindergarten.

How do I see my village in 10-20 years?

Spring, morning, steamy air, unsteady sunlight, the whiteness of the birch tree trunks, the singing of birds, in the summer there is a sea of ​​flowers in the village flowerbed and the happy laughter of children.

Once upon a time there lived a sage who knew the answers to all questions. The students decided to shame the teacher. One of them took a butterfly in his palm. And they decided to ask the sage: what is in their hands: dead or alive? If the answer is “dead,” then we will release the butterfly, and if the answer is “alive,” then we will clench our palms and it will die. Thus, in any case, he will be wrong. But the sage answered his disciples...What did he answer them? ALL IN YOUR HANDS.

Let us remember this: our future is in our hands.

I want to encourage all residents:

maintain cleanliness not only in your home, but also in your yard, on your street, in common areas;

treat the soil with care, do not pollute the soil with inorganic household waste(glass, polyethylene, iron tanks, etc.);

prevent unreasonable cutting down of trees and bushes;

plant at least one tree for every village resident;

actively participate in spring and autumn cleaning of the village territory;

I want to continue my research work.

I was born in the village of Sizy Bugor,
What stands by the Bushma River.
How beautiful it is here
How nice everything is here to me,
I can't even live without her!
I'll leave the house -
The shore will open
The distance seems wonderful to me
And in the spring, when everything wakes up,
Often there, in plain sight of people,
Starlings walk so important
And I look at them for hours.
I'm very sorry, of course, that the river
completely overgrown with garbage along the banks!
There are fewer fish in the river now,
But the crow doesn’t care!!!
How I wish my native village
To wish to develop, grow,
So that in the future our descendants
You could see this beauty!!!

Bibliography

Alekseeva. Textbook "Ecology" - M, Education, 2002 - 98 p.

Chernova N.M., Bylova A.M. Ecology. - M.: Education, 1981.- 254 p.

Novikov Yu.V. Ecology, environment and man. M.: Agency "Fair", 1998. - 320 p.

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