Who created the first model of the globe globe. What is the history of the creation of the globe

Since the Renaissance, the Earth was no longer considered a flat disk. Behind it again - as in antiquity - they recognized the shape of a ball. Cartographers tried to somehow convey this in their two-dimensional images. However, only a spherical model allows the conservation of angles, the correctness of the representation of linear dimensions and areas.

Therefore, the invention in 1492 of the "Earth Apple" by a native of Nuremberg, Martin Beheim, became the Columbus egg of cartography.

First globes

However, the idea of ​​making a spherical model of the Earth was not new. Already in 159 BC. the Stoic Crates of Malos created an earthly globe, which, however, did not correspond at all to reality in geographical details. Beheim, on the other hand, tried to correctly depict the parts of the world known to him, and in relation to Europe, as well as large parts of Africa and Asia, he was quite successful.

Material and scale

With the advent of printing, knowledge began to spread rapidly. The serial production of globes was not long in coming. Since about 1500, globes, which were required for lightness and strength, were made from papier-mâché, placed wet in clay hemispheres. Then the ball was covered with a layer of gypsum, polished and pasted over with segments of an earthly or celestial map. Most globes today are made of plastic. Their diameter is about 30 cm. This gives a scale in relation to the original, equal to about 1:40 million.

240 BC: The Greek Eratosthenes corrected the circumference of the Earth as equal to 2,500 stadia (44,250 km).

Around 150: The Greek Ptolemy developed a grid of longitudes and latitudes.

1664: Adam Olearius's globe, 3.11 m in diameter. The construction turned with the help of a hydraulic drive and had a door for passage inside, where it was a celestial globe.

The creator of the world's first globe was german traveler and geographer Martin Beheim (1459-1507). In 1492, Martin created the so-called "Earth Apple" globe. This "Earth Apple" was 54 centimeters in diameter, which displayed geographic data known at that time.

Behaim on his globe did not display the land between the Asian islands and Europe, but located many islands that are shrouded in various legends. This is the island of Brazil, the island of St. Brandan (named after the saint who discovered this island in 578), the island of Antilia (discovered according to some sources in 734, and according to others - in 1414). The globe "Earth Apple" by Martin Beheim is of great historical and geographical value. Now it is on display at the Nuremberg National Museum.

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What is famous ancient globe Beheim, who and when, and where created it, and also who came up with the idea to create a round Earth? Around 1492, Martin Beheim presented the world with the first globe, which was a metal circle with a diameter of 507 millimeters. Behaim's globe is famous for being the first model of the Earth, it has a fairly accurate map of Europe, Asia and Africa. West Africa and America are not on the globe, because at that time they simply were not discovered. Many contemporaries mistakenly believe that Martin Beheim became famous for being the first to suggest that the Earth is spherical. But in fact, this assumption was made by Pythagoras in the 6th century BC.

What is Bayham's globe famous for:

• This is the first surviving globe;
• It is a globe with an equator and meridians;
• The globe has information about ancient life and astronomy;
• The main continents are present;
• For 525 years, the globe rotates, and is perfectly preserved.

Currently Behaim's globe is in Nuremberg, in the German National Museum. The product is perfectly preserved, on the Internet you can find maps from this globe, which clearly show at what stage humanity was in the 15th century. Also on the globe is a large number of inscriptions, this is a real plan of the text with references to historical discoveries, for example, to Marco Polo. The mention of this traveler, by the way, may indicate that the date of manufacture of the globe is greatly underestimated. Scholars are inclined to believe that Behaim's globe was actually made in the 17th century, or even in a later period. On the other hand, the inscriptions could have been made later.

The proportionality of Behaim's globe map is not true. However, there is an equator and meridians on the globe, the shape of the European continent more or less corresponds to the real one. For that time it was a big breakthrough, no wonder the Germans are very proud of their celebrity.

The exhibit itself evokes a very reverent feeling, especially if you imagine how many hands famous people touched this Earth Apple. In addition, the darkened globe looks like a real work of art, and the manufacturing method is highly respected.

Of course, it is possible that before Behaim's globe there were other similar models of the Earth in the form of a ball, but it is this particular copy that has survived to this day. Many modern museums have copies of this globe. Also, anyone can buy a copy of Behaim's globe for their home, or a reduced miniature as a souvenir.

Some parapsychologists also tend to be of the opinion that this globe has some kind of magical power. Moreover, it partially depicts the signs of the Zodiac.

The invention of the globe is one of the greatest geographical discoveries. With its help, it is easier to remember the location of the continents and oceans, islands and seas, rainforest and icy deserts. This subject was created and improved by many scientists around the world. It has its own history, interesting and very ancient.

The history of the globe

On Latin Globe means ball. They came up with it twice. For the first time, the inventor was attracted by love not at all to geography, but to poetry, and this happened even before our era, in the 2nd century.

Who Invented the Globe? The philosopher and philologist - Krates Malossky, could listen to the poem "Odyssey" for days on end, and then plot the routes of the protagonist on the map. But this was not enough for Crates, because at that time it was already known that the earth has round shape. He took and painted the ball. It was he who first invented the globe.

This globe corresponded to the level of knowledge of that time, but still it was a real globe. Contemporaries appreciated his invention, but after a few centuries, the descendants forgot the globe of Crates.

Secondarily, a copy of the earth was invented in 1492 in the city of Nuremberg. It was created in order to visually show the geographical discoveries of Portuguese sailors.

The title of inventor was given to the scientist Martin Beheim. This globe was called the "Earth Apple" - a metal ball no larger than half a meter in diameter. It did not yet have America, since the discovery of Columbus took place much later. There were no indications of latitude and longitude, but there were meridians and tropics, as well as short description countries. Now the very first globe is carefully kept in the Nuremberg Museum.

A great many globes, of the most unexpected sizes, have been created from different materials and designs. But there are two instances that cannot be ignored.

The largest globe in the world

A giant globe called Eartha was created by DeLorme, a company that develops maps and GPS navigation systems. Its diameter is 12.6 meters, which is comparable to a four-story house. This creation is located in the USA, in the city of Yarmouth.

The globe consists of 792 map fragments. All of them are fixed with hidden bolts on a huge frame made of 6,000 aluminum pipes. But its zest is not only in scale. It is located in a glass building, at night it is illuminated from the inside - this is a truly memorable sight.

On weekdays, everyone can take a picture of themselves against the backdrop of a huge map of the world. In addition, the masterpiece is listed in the Guinness Book of Records.

America's Oldest Globe

Scientists have established that the globe is made of two halves of an ostrich egg glued together with a natural polymer (shellac). The map is carved on an eggshell, and the carving itself is covered with blue paint. It was not possible to accurately establish the creator, there were no signatures on the subject. Researchers suggest that the globe is related to the workshop of Leonardo da Vinci. There are sketches that resemble his work. It depicts: continents signed in Latin, various animals and even a shipwrecked sailor.

Map collector and philologist Dr. Missine dates the find to 1504. And according to him, this globe is the first of those on which America was marked, and which has survived to our time.

One of the greatest discoveries in geography is the invention of the globe, which makes it easier to remember the location of the oceans, seas, continents, islands, tropical forests, icy deserts, etc. Subsequently, this amazing subject was improved by numerous scientists around the world. It has its own ancient and rather fascinating history.

Who created the first globe? Around this invention, passions are still boiling.

What is a globe?

Globe is from the Latin word globus meaning ball.

This is an image of the map on the surface of the ball, preserving the similarity of the contours and the ratio of sizes (areas). There are geographic globes that display the surface of the Earth, the lunar surface, celestial globes, etc.

Before the idea of ​​a spherical appeared, the first celestial globes had already been created. These spherical images of the starry sky were already known in ancient Egypt.

The history of the globe

The first globe arose before our era (II century), and it was created by one inventor who was very fond of poetry. It was a learned philologist-philosopher named Krates Malossky. For days he could listen to the poem "Odyssey", and often after listening to it, he laid on the map all the routes that he walked main character. And at that time it was already known about the spherical shape of the earth, so he painted the ball.

Although this item corresponded to the level of knowledge of those times, it was a real globe. He was well appreciated by his contemporaries, but for several centuries, who was the author of the first globe was forgotten.

In 1492, another globe was created in Nuremberg (Germany) to visually depict the geographical discoveries of Portuguese sailors. Thus, the scientist received the title of the first inventor of the globe.

That globe was called the "Earth Apple". It represented a ball made of metal, no larger than 50 cm in diameter. It should be noted that the continent America was still absent on it, in connection with its discovery by Columbus in more late time. Also, there were no latitudes and longitudes on the globe yet, but there were also tropics and meridians, and there were short description countries. Now the first globe (1492) is stored in the Nuremberg Museum.

From those ancient times to the present day, a large number of the most unique, even unexpected, globes have been created, which have stunning sizes, designs and materials. But two of these specimens cannot but be mentioned here: the largest and most unusual and oldest.

Who created the first globe - the largest in the world

The American company DeLorme has created a giant Eartha globe. This organization develops maps and GPS navigation systems.

The diameter of the globe is 12.6 meters, which is the height of a 4-storey building. Now it's unique creation located in the city of Yarmouth in America.

The giant globe consists of 792 map fragments, fastened together by hidden bolts on a large frame. The last element was built from 6,000 aluminum pipes. The peculiarity of this magnificent building is also that it is located in a glass building and is illuminated from the inside, which gives it an unusual look.

This masterpiece is included in the Guinness Book of Records.

American oldest globe

Who created the first globe in America? The next similar object described here is also the oldest.

Scientists have established that it is made from ostrich egg halves glued together with shellac (a natural polymer). The card itself is carved into the shell.

But to the question of who created the first globe depicting America, one can answer that this is unknown. Why?

The huge ostrich egg globe is the first to depict America, and it has survived to this day. But install the exact date and its creator failed, due to the absence of any signs and signatures on the subject.

Scientists have an assumption that this globe was created in the workshop of Leonardo da Vinci, as there are certain sketches characteristic of the works of the great artist. The continents signed in Latin, various animals, and even a man-sailor who was wrecked are depicted on this object.

Dr. Missine (philologist and map collector) believes that the find dates back to 1504.

sky globe

Who created the first celestial globe? Many versions exist. For example, in Naples there is a statue of Atlanta (marble), dated to the 3rd century BC. On his shoulders, the hero holds a sphere with the image of constellations. There is an opinion that he also has a prototype - the globe of Eudoxus of Cnidus (Greek astronomer).

However, the existing information about the existence of the Earth's globes in the ancient period is not entirely reliable. So, there are many more reasons to argue about this.