Project work "I and the ecology of my native land." Extracurricular event "ecology of the native land" About the ecology of the native land

MKOU "Soldiers' Basic Secondary School"

Fatezhsky district Kursk region

Extracurricular activity on the topic

"Ecology of the native land"

Target: formation of a responsible attitude towards the nature of the native land.

Tasks:

• Educate careful attitude students to the nature of their native land;
• To form an environmental culture among students;
• Replenish students’ knowledge of ecology;
• Fostering a sense of love for one’s small homeland and a sense of self-awareness.

Equipment: Presentations, computer, newspapers environmental theme, physical map Russia, globe, book exhibition, memo “Rules of behavior in nature”, prohibition signs.

Progress of the class hour.

Student: By cutting the ice, we change the flow of rivers

We repeat that there is a lot to do,

But we will still come to ask for forgiveness

Near these rivers, dunes and swamps.

At the most gigantic sunrise,

In the smallest fry,

I don’t want to think about it yet,

We have no time for that now... yet.

Airfields, piers and platforms,

Forests without birds and lands without water,

There is less and less natural surroundings,

More and more environment.

Teacher: Man is not alone in this world. Around him there is environment. The environment is the water we drink and from which we are made, the air we breathe, the soil on which we grow plants, and the animals that live in nature.

All this existed long before the advent of man, and with the advent of man this entire set of objects changed.

The most terrible of disasters is man-made, i.e. destruction of man by man. At the dawn of the 20th century, V.I. Vernadsky said that humanity was becoming ecological and even cosmic force. And everyone living on Earth can be convinced of the truth of these words: humanity is shaking the earth, changing its appearance. And nature takes revenge on people for such a victory. The land is not a state; it cannot be divided. It is impossible to divide nature. It lives according to its own laws: birds, fish, animals, insects, winds and waters move across the Earth, as they moved hundreds and even tens of thousands of years ago, without asking permission.

There is a lot of water on Earth, but it is necessary for life - fresh water- about 3%. But high yields, human life, all living things and much more depend on the abundance of clean, high-quality water. And to do this, we have to drill wells, deepen wells, dig canals, build expensive purification systems, and, despite this, people suffer without water.

(Appendix No. 1 The meaning of water Babukhina Anastasia.)

Teacher: Forests are guardians underground water. The amazing ability of a living tree is to evaporate moisture; 1 hectare of birch forest evaporates 47 thousand liters of water per day.

The role of the World Ocean is great. We call it "limitless", inexhaustible. But today the ocean is powerless against human activity, and not only because millions of tons of oil during transportation cover the water surfaces of the ocean with a rainbow film.

Clean air is becoming scarce on our planet. Taking oxygen for his needs and throwing out huge clouds of carbon dioxide and other gases, man destroys the man in man. In Belarus, thyroid diseases in children have increased 100-fold due to environmental pollution. After all, you cannot dress all of humanity in gas masks, you cannot pass the entire atmosphere through filters, and you cannot isolate one area from another. Atmospheric contamination Chernobyl nuclear power plant it reached Chita. On the indivisible Earth, the most indivisible thing is the atmosphere, and its pollution is a universal problem for humanity. The earth is not only our breadwinner, it is our home, it is the place where we live, relax, and experience the world. This is the hiding place of the UNIVERSE. The rhythms of our planet are inextricably linked with the rhythm of life of all living things. And if we, people, do not remember the main thing - the biosphere is an integral formation, and we, with our pride and rationality, are only a part of it. And if we want to preserve humanity, we must preserve the nature of the Earth.

It is our duty to remember this. Remember and get involved in nature conservation work. This work is for the sake of humanity and humanity.

Student: Earth, what is it like?

The earth gives birth to transparent streams and streams, millions of stems and ears of corn, sends birds into the clouds, animals into the forests. The earth receives all the rain, snow, fog, hairy seeds and smooth grains.

The mighty Volga flowing expanses,

Not knowing the edges of the vastness of the steppes

Forests, fields, valleys, rivers, mountains,

The whole bright appearance of my homeland.

Our planet is called earth due to a misunderstanding. Water accounts for 4/5 of the territory, but it is unevenly distributed on the planet. And people, plants, and enterprises need it. But fresh water is becoming increasingly scarce.

80% of diseases are associated with the use of poor quality water. The water of rivers, seas, and oceans will hold tens of thousands of tons of various harmful salts, toxic substances, and petroleum products.

Teaching: Black spots .

The gray ocean is ringing alarm bells,

He harbors a grudge deep down.

Black spots rock

On a steep, angry wave.

People have become strong, like gods,

And the fate of the EARTH is in their hands,

But terrible burns darken

U globe on the sides,

We have mastered the planet a long time ago

The new century is sweeping ahead.

There are no more white spots on EARTH,

Black. Will you erase it, man?

Teacher: Problems of rational use of the resources of the world's oceans can be solved only through close cooperation of all states.

Seas and oceans, rivers and lakes make up 80% of the land surface. Marine plants enrich the air with oxygen more than land plants. The warmth of the ocean influences the Earth's climate. The ocean is the kitchen of the weather.

Student: I dream of the earth dumb as stone,

And the sky, naked, without a bird,

And the sea without fish and without a ship, Dry, empty eye sockets,

Teacher: The scale of human impact on nature is constantly increasing.

Where is the way out?

Scientists propose to create waste-free production In order not to dump dirty water into rivers, enterprises should build treatment facilities.

Student: A cry for help.

And nature is again extremely simple,

She is dressed in colorful feathers...

It's not her beauty that surprises me,

Her patience is amazing.

And when through the asphalt the petals of five

Pushing through after midnight, I do not rejoice in the power of the EARTH.

For me, this is, first of all, a cry for help!

Teacher:“Cleanliness is the key to health.” And we are scared to imagine what our planet, with its streets and cities, would have become if the garbage had not been taken out. In 10-15 years it would cover our planet with a layer 5 meters thick. It is forbidden to burn waste, because... At the same time, the soil, air, water are polluted and a lot of toxic gases are released. Speaking about environmental protection, we should also be aware of the health of our apartments in which we spend most of our lives.

(Appendix No. 2 Health of our apartments Igin Nikta.)

Teacher: The nature around us is more precious than gold, more precious than silver, and the future of our Earth depends on us!

We are given responsibility

And the whole Earth and the whole country.

The future of our planet EARTH, oceans, fields, seas, lakes, rivers is in our hands.

(Appendix No. 3 Research work. Environmental protection from household waste. Gribanova Marina)

Student: The groan of the EARTH.

Rotating in space in the circle of its orbit,

Not a year, not two, billions of years,

I'm so tired, my flesh is covered

There are scars of wounds, there is no living space.

The tar torments my sick soul,

And poisons poison the waters of clean rivers.

All that I had and have,

A person considers his good,

I don't need rockets and shells

But my ore goes to them.

What does the state of Nevada cost me?

His underground explosions are a succession,

Why are people so afraid of each other?

Have you forgotten about your Earth?

After all, I can die and remain

A charred grain of sand in the smoky haze.

WAKE UP PEOPLE, CALL ON THE COUNTRIES TO SAVE ME FROM DEATH!

Teacher: The attitude towards living things is a continuous contradictory act of consciousness, mind, feelings, and will of a person. And only in the human soul there is a place for beauty. A person becomes more moral due to the fact that he is possessed by the desire to preserve and protect the environment.

Save Nature's wonderful creations

From mismanagement of destruction,

This is the call! This is our law.

But he will still achieve little,

While there is no desire for consciousness,

Bringing only destruction to nature.

But we are the masters of our Earth.

Correct use found

By knowing our dear NATURE.

From time immemorial, nature has faithfully served man.

Today, the joys and wisdom of nature turn into pain, wealth into loss, kindness into harshness. There is an expression “blooming land”. This is the name of the land where the knowledge, experience of people, their attachment to nature truly work wonders.

When in the forest, follow the rules on the river fire safety, do not allow the breaking of bushes, cutting down trees, littering the area, ruining anthills, nesting birds.

Student: Just take care of this Earth

Take care of the EARTH! Take care!

Butterfly on dodder leaves.

There are reflections of sunshine on the path,

A crab playing on the stones.

There is a shadow from a baobab tree on the grave,

A hawk soaring over a field

Crescent moon over the river expanse,

A swallow flashing in the field!

Take care of the Earth, take care!

Teacher: Guys, now we turn to you. When you are in the forest, fishing, on vacation, in the field, take care of our nature, the nature of our native village.

We will decorate our land, protect it,

Our region will become prettier and flourish.

On vacation (sketch)

We came to the river to spend Sunday,

They sit here and sit there, rest as they please,

Hundreds of adults and children.

We walked along the bank and found a clearing,

But in the sunny meadow there are empty cans here and there.

And as if to harm us, even broken glass.

We walked along the bank, found a new place,

But even here they sat before us, they also drank, they also ate,

They lit a fire, burned paper, made a mess and left.

We passed by, of course.

"Hey guys!" - Dima shouted, -

Here's a place somewhere

Spring water,

Wonderful view, beautiful beach,

Unpack your luggage.

We swam and sunbathed

They burned a fire, played football,

They drank kvass, ate sweets,

They sang songs in a round dance,

And they remained in the clearing near the extinguished fire

Two cans we broke,

Two wet bagels

In short, a mountain of garbage.

We came to the river to spend Monday,

But you can’t find a free place near the river.

And only in the human soul there is a place for beauty.

Nature demands reward

For precious fruits,

And only one thing nature needs,

So that people would be kind to her

Student: Cry from the heart

I love you big time

But please, listen to me,

Don't kill the last bear

Let him walk in the dark depths.

Don't destroy the last swamp,

Spare the hunted wolf

So that something remains on Earth.

What makes my chest ache.

Quiz:

What is ecology?

Which ecological problems exist in our area, village?

What measures can you suggest to protect the nature of our village?

What measures are being taken to eliminate environmental problems in our village or region?

What rare and protected plants are found in our village or region?

What protected animals of the Kursk region do you know?

What protected animals can be found in the forests of our village?

What are the specially protected areas of the Kursk region?

What can each of us do to improve the environmental condition of our village?

Used Books

1 Encyclopedia "Wikipedia"

2Red Book of the Russian Federation.

3Red Book of the Kursk Territory

4 Nature and people M., education 1990

V.I. Litvinova MDOU General developmental kindergarten No. 11, Tomsk
The word “ecology” has become firmly entrenched in our lives. We are witnessing the greening of all spheres of life, it includes different aspects- philosophical, economic, geographical, social, ethical, etc. From here came the ecology of the native land, region, city, home, soul, “ecological passport”, “ecologically friendly products”, etc. Let's remember what ecology is. "Eco" is what is outside, around us. There is a translation from Greek: “oikos” - house, dwelling, location and “logy” - studying. Ecology is the science of the relationships of organisms and the communities they form among themselves and with the environment. Simply put, ecology studies the environment that surrounds any Living being, including humans, and the term itself has a broader meaning.
Recently, many publications on environmental topics have appeared, including Tomsk region. This material can be used to work with children in ecology classes, because Tomsk is our habitat, which means we are influenced by the state of nature in the Tomsk region. Tomsk ecologists offer many ways to protect nature. For example, one of the measures to improve the environment is the improvement and landscaping of populated areas - the creation of parks, squares, gardens, boulevards, street and intra-block landscaping, protective green areas around industrial enterprises. It is necessary and species diversity plantings. Gorzelenkhoz, the Botanical Garden, and flower growers take care of this. The city becomes more beautiful every year. How to protect people's work from vandalism? One way out is to educate people with beauty.
The balance in nature is easy to disturb; the life of living beings is very fragile. We see this in our own lives: due to air and water pollution, people get sick. Natural resources are depleted. How to save what little is left? How to use it rationally? How to preserve and improve your habitat? Knowledge about this needs to be given to children in a way that is accessible to their sensory, emotional and mental development. It is necessary to lay down a basic minimum of environmental knowledge for subsequent environmental education at school.
For several years I have been developing the topic: “Ecology of my native land.” The Tomsk region has many natural areas, mineral resources, and a diverse world of plants and animals. You can find many topics for environmental studies in classes with children. For example, in the Tomsk region there are many deposits of clay, sand, and gravel. Properties of these objects inanimate nature You can explore to your heart's content - and sculpt from clay, and play with water at the fountain, and “catch” air in soap bubbles, and try to grind stones, simulating a tidal wave, and you can make “Easter cakes” from sand all year round- there is a special sandbox table for this. There is plenty of space for all these experiments in the Winter Garden; not every teacher would want to arrange “this” in a group room. In my work I use programs from S.N. Nikolaeva, N.A. Ryzhova,
N. Kondratieva (program “We”), other manuals on ecology, adapted for work in the Winter Garden. Some of the best, in my opinion, are “Ecology for Children”, “Ekolobok”, “Murzilka” by L.N. Erdakova. His publications on habitats are very helpful in my work. The topics presented in his manuals can be developed endlessly; there are no indifferent children in the classroom. Classes are held in the Winter Garden, at preschool educational institutions. The territory of the preschool educational institution is very interesting: there are small fragments of “wild” nature, there are several pine trees, under which boletus grows every year, there is an area with birch trees and a small lawn where boletus, white cape, russula or pigweed grow. These topics, of course, are also used in classes. The Winter Garden presents different types indoor plants, there is a "Living Corner" where hedgehogs live, guinea pig, rabbit, hamster, turtles, parrots, fish, snails and other living creatures. Situations with animals are played out in class: we cannot bring hedgehogs from the forest, because we will not be able to find many insects for them to eat, hedgehogs sleep in winter, and it is hot and noisy in the Winter Garden - you will not sleep. We are trying to force the children to behave quietly, because the Winter Garden is small forest, all the little animals and insects (spiders, snails, etc.) will hide from the noise, and they won’t see anyone. Children are proud of the Winter Garden, this is evident when they bring their parents and show them their favorite animal.
The entire program “Ecology of the Native Land” is divided into blocks:
"Inanimate nature". These include topics: “Water”, “Air”, “Soil”, “Stones and Minerals”, “Cosmic Bodies”, “Sun”, “Moon”, “Constellations and the Lunar Calendar”, “Space Travel”.
II. " Live nature and its relationship with the inanimate." Here we get acquainted with biological objects Tomsk region, city, Winter Garden, their life cycles; ecosystems of fresh water bodies, swamps, taiga, and other forests. During the school year
a lot of practical work in the Winter Garden for caring for animals and plants, planting plants for oneself, for a kindergarten, landscaping the territory of a preschool educational institution. This includes the topic “Man as a living being.”
"Ecology of our habitat." Here we spend environmental studies city, kindergarten, home, we work with the “Ecological Passport”, “Red Book”, we talk about nature conservation.
"Our planet is in danger." Here we are talking about water, air, soil pollution; about human behavior in nature, on the street, at home; carry out environmental activities, holidays and entertainment.
In classes, children will learn about the ecosystems of the Tomsk region, other regions of Siberia and the globe, because it is no secret that no matter where we live, we still influence the nature of the whole world. Scientists and progressive people of our time have been writing about this more and more often lately. The worsening environmental problems in our country and abroad threaten the existence of people all over the world. Not only the nature of the Earth requires protection, but also humanity - as a part of this nature. Need intensive educational work to develop an ecological culture of environmental management among the population. In the education system, the foundations of environmental consciousness and culture are laid in preschool childhood. But existing programs are mainly educational programs about the world around us. Teachers form in children a humane attitude towards living beings; this is, of course, a positive attitude towards nature, but it is no longer sufficient. We need an urgent change in people's consciousness and attitude towards nature.
Several years ago, the “Red Book of the Tomsk Region” was published. This is an official reference book compiled by Tomsk ecologists. It turns out that in the Tomsk region, 180 rare and endangered species of animals, plants, and fungi need protection due to a reduction in their numbers as a result of human activity, and some species may disappear. Despite various activities to preserve the nature of the Tomsk region, carried out by employees of "Oblkompriroda", environmental organizations and the "Society for the Conservation of Nature", the culture of the population is low. There are many examples of this, we will not dwell on them now.
Preschool childhood is the beginning of the formation of a person’s personality, his attitude towards himself and the world around him. How small man learn to relate to the world around him, so in adult life will apply the acquired knowledge. Children are instinctively drawn to nature, to living beings. During this period of their development, they learn everything with their senses and try to understand existence. Therefore, it is important to form in children a consciously correct attitude towards the natural objects and phenomena that surround them. It's hard to love what you don't know. The more children learn about the natural objects of our city and region, the more carefully they will treat them, the better they will begin to understand their needs for a clean and healthy environment and food. The role of the teacher is important here - how he presents this knowledge, this knowledge will remain, if not in the child’s memory, then somewhere in the subconscious. Our children now have a beneficial time to understand themselves in the world around them; when they grow up, they will have responsibilities, school, work, and hobbies. Classes are held different ways: this is a conversation, and practical exercises, and observation, and communication with living objects. Children discuss in class what kind of house they would like to live in, what the yard near the house should be like, what kind of apartment, etc. During such a conversation, it is not the teacher who teaches the children how and where they should live, but the children express their inner desire, the need for an environmentally friendly , aesthetic and harmonious with the nature of life. Children learn not to think thoughtlessly about the things of nature and everyday life around them, but to find the expediency of their use, for example: planting trees in the city for clean air; old things that are still wearable can be given to others; plastic dishes can be reused, etc. Children acquire practical skills and abilities. For example, plant seeds are sown. First they find out that there is a small plant “sleeping” inside; then - how to “wake up” it and grow it - warm it with your hands, plant it in the ground, water it, put it in a bright place warm place, and if you do it wrong, the seed will not wake up. In classes, children get acquainted with the life of natural objects, for example, with the life of trees. How they grow, grow old, what happens to them when they grow old and fall to the ground. You can touch the trees, they are warm even in winter. A tree can help difficult moments life: poplar will take away sadness, birch will give joy and heal. The child learns to find help from plants. “Look at the flower, be surprised, rejoice,” these words can help us too. This establishes a harmonious connection between the child and nature. Education goes through natural objects: what a beautiful moss, a bump under our feet - we won’t take it, let it stay here, here they are beautiful, here they are in place, this is someone’s home, someone’s food. Everything in nature is expedient, if you remove one link in the food chain, an ecological disaster may occur. In the process of communicating with living beings, it is restored peace of mind, child's health. It is especially interesting for children to get acquainted with natural areas Tomsk district - their eyes light up. If you are careful, you can see and learn a lot that is not somewhere in Africa, but not far away, in the neighboring forest, for example, you can see a ferret or a hare. Children begin to fantasize, including themselves in various situations. This is a kind of training for correct environmental behavior.
Or work with the “Ecological Passport” - it contains all the trees and shrubs growing on the preschool grounds, icons of birds, insects, plants and other living creatures that live or sometimes appear on the territory of the kindergarten. Children suggest which bird or insect still needs to be marked on the “Ecological Passport”.
Parents help introduce children to unique places cities, regions are nature reserves, specially protected areas, natural monuments (lakes, springs, etc.), Siberian Botanical Garden, University Grove, then talk about their trips. We discuss together how to have a good rest in nature and not harm it. These are traditional places for Tomsk residents to relax and gather wild plants. No police or environmental inspectors will be enough to protect these places. We need the good will of people, environmental culture
tour and ecological worldview. How we coped with this task will be shown in the near future.
As a result of four years environmental education and education, children must distinguish living from nonliving nature; know about the life and needs of living organisms, about the ecosystems of the Tomsk region; learn to humanely treat animals in a corner of nature, care for the plants of the Winter Garden; have basic environmental culture: do not throw garbage, do not break trees, etc.

MBOU "Sizobugorsk Secondary School named after the poet M. Utezhanov"

Scientific and practical conference schoolchildren:

“Ecology and Life”, dedicated to the Year of Ecology.

Topic of educational and research work:

"Ecology of the native village."

Completed by a student of 4 "b" class.

Utegalieva Anita

Classroom teacher:

Ismurzaeva Zulfiya Dyusenovna

Garbage is solid household waste (plastic packaging containers, aluminum cans, glass, cleaning and waste of food raw materials, paper, etc.), waste from industrial enterprises, the consequences of walking dogs on lawns, etc. Some nooks and crannies of the village and roadsides are littered with garbage. expensive...

Where does garbage come from? Main sources of waste:

• - Human
• - transport
• - the shops

Impact on the health of village residents.

Decaying garbage releases huge amounts of toxic substances that cause many diseases. Changes in plant communities, indirect impact on the fauna of our region. Soil erosion, which reduces fertility and contributes to changes in soil structure.. Synthetic polymers - thousands of plastic bottles, balls, containers, scraps and plastic bags - this is not a complete list polymer materials found on our streets. When such substances are burned, as well as under the influence of ultraviolet rays, substances are formed that are very toxic. Mercury batteries, lamps, various types of paints can cause mental disorders and deafness.

Target: study the ecology of your native village. Accept Active participation in improving the environmental situation.

Relevance:

I consider my research topic to be the most relevant in our time. My village is mine native home . We live here. One thing that irritates me is that before we destroy ourselves, we will destroy the planet. The main problem is where to put the garbage.

And it’s not for nothing that 2017 has been declared the year of ecology. I propose to plunge into the ecology of our village.

Hypothesis: Find out whether pollution of the territory affects the ecology of the village?

At the very beginning of research work. I would like to know - What is ecology? There are many definitions of ecology.

Ecology is the science of environmental protection.

From the Greek term “oikos (dwelling) + 1огоs (teaching)” as the science of one’s own home.

I will add from myself: and his behavior in this house.

Environmental problems of the village.

What environmental problems have I identified in the village?

I notice that our village has a lot beautiful houses, fences, shops... The houses are well-kept, the fences are painted, along the streets, some of them have flowers and fruit trees planted. People should sweep, clean their yard and street. Nowadays we often see garbage that people have become accustomed to. This plastic bottles, film, bags of garbage. On every street there are abandoned houses that are a place for garbage to accumulate.

I began my work with a questionnaire addressed to schoolchildren, in which one of the questions was the following: “What kind of natural environment in your native village? Everyone had the same answer: pure water, fresh air, fertile soils, no hazardous pollutants.

I conducted a study and recorded places with an unsanitary condition: the territory of the former club, fields, banks, near the cemetery. Currently, the field has turned into a garbage dump: manure, plastic bottles, household waste. This is a real breeding ground for various diseases.

All in our hands.

Fight against garbage. The main ways to combat garbage are: increasing the culture of the rural population. At our school we have created special environmental programs, participation in actions, cleanup days, cool watch…

Installation of trash cans and waste bins in the village. I saw a large trash can only on the school grounds. The school has become much cleaner.

Many villagers burn garbage. But this method is environmentally harmful, because... When burned, many substances form a large number of toxic compounds that cause a number of diseases, including cancer.

Another method is recycling raw materials. But this method for our villages it is something out of science fiction.

It’s not for nothing that they say that “clean is not where they clean, but where they don’t litter.” This means that it is necessary to bring to the consciousness of every resident the need to keep their native village clean.

A lot of work is being done at our school. These are: class hours, in lessons, extracurricular activities, cleanup days, various promotions.

• For a glass bottle to decompose, it takes 200 years, paper - 2-3 years, fabric products - 2-3 years, wooden products - several decades, a tin can - more than 90 years, plastic bag– more than 200 years, plastic – 500 years.
• You can use garbage for good - use some of the plastic waste to arrange a flower garden, create various crafts, bird feeders, etc.; If possible, hand over glass containers to a collection point; Give clothes in good condition that are no longer worn to those in need; donate books and magazines to the library.

Ecology and us

Security and rational use flora and fauna.

Completed by: student

9th grade MOUOO

schools in the village of Yusupovo

Tagirova Fluza

Head: teacher

Russian language MOUOO

Schools in Yusupovo

Nigamaeva E.A.

Plan

1. Wildlife is the main asset of the Earth.

2. Flora and plant resources.

3. Relationship between flora and fauna.

4. Take care of nature!

Living nature is the main asset of our Earth; human society has developed in its depths and exists at its expense. It satisfies our nutritional needs and provides the main living conditions for people on the planet - the composition of the air environment, protection from cosmic radiation, clean water, soil fertility, and climate moderation.

For humans, the plant world acts as plant resources. These resources, especially forests, are significant in Bashkortostan. Forests occupy about 39% of the region's territory. In neighboring Tatarstan, the forest area makes up only 17% of the territory. Wood reserves allow the development of forestry, wood chemical and other industries.

The water conservation role of forests is very important. They accumulate more snow, which feeds the rivers. Especially important for us are mountain forests that feed rivers and protect mountain slopes from erosion. If you deplete the forests, you can cause irreparable damage not only to Bashkortostan, but also to neighboring regions, since the rivers flowing into the plains will dry up.

Forests are the source of life for numerous herbivorous animals, in close connection with which there are also predatory animals.

Among the negative qualities that somewhat reduce the value of the republic’s forest resources, we note their uneven distribution. About 70% of the forest area is in Mountainous Bashkortostan, where forest cover reaches more than 80%. As a result of intensive deforestation, the forest area of ​​Bashkortostan has decreased by half over the last century. Due to plowing, steppe vegetation suffered. Steppe areas also suffer from excessive grazing.

Various animals inhabiting the territory of the republic represent animal resources for us. Like the vegetation, animal world significantly depleted by man. Wild horses, saigas, beavers, and red deer have long disappeared. The number of bears, otters, and minks has decreased. Animals of prey are sometimes thought to cause damage.

Let's consider the opposite - the positive impact of humans on the flora and fauna. This impact is expressed in the protection, rational use and replenishment of plants and animals. Much has been done and is being done in this direction.

1. Three reserves were created - Bashkir State reserve, Shulgantash and Yuzhno-Uralsky. On the territory of these reserves there are protected rare species animals and plants.

2. 15 state hunting reserves and 12 reserves for the protection of medicinal plants have been organized. 148 natural sites have been declared natural monuments.

3. The protection and restoration of forests are being decided - field-protective forest plantations are being created, forests are being planted, work is underway to prevent forest fires, school forest districts and green patrols are being created.

4. Much has been done to protect and replenish animals: valuable animals have been settled - American mink, deer, muskrat, muskrat, river beaver. The moose population is growing.

5. Many animals are taken under protection, for example Brown bear, deer, roe deer, etc.

6. Lakes, reservoirs and ponds are being stocked with fish.

7. There is a fight against poachers who violate the timing and places of hunting and fishing.

There is still much to be done. It is necessary to abandon the consumer attitude towards forest resources. In this case, it should be noted that the principle is “as much as is needed” on the other – “as much as possible”. Forest resources are called renewable and exhaustible. We can harvest wood only within the limits of annual forest growth, and not as much as you need. “If you cut down a tree, plant two,” foresters say, but, unfortunately, so far in the republic an average of 20 thousand hectares are planted and 27 thousand hectares are cut down.

All our activities will help the wildlife of the region only if each of us firmly understands the importance of caring for forests, meadows, birds, and animals. When communicating with nature, convince yourself: “This is our common, and therefore my forest, my river, lake. I must take care of all this. Who will save this world if not me.”

Life practice itself suggests: the ecology of nature without the ecology of the soul is unthinkable. We are terribly destroying the vegetation cover of the earth, proud and independent animals, all the beauty that only sustains life.

Nature appears before us in all its beauty and grandeur. We admire her, she selflessly gives us joy.

But why then are there guys who destroy bird nests, clog springs or rivers, and break trees? Or they even brutally deal with a cat or dog...

How should we educate the current younger generation, the generation of the 21st century? How to develop environmental awareness and respect for nature? This difficult task. It is not so easy to develop environmental habits in a person. After all, we do not understand the behavior of those who pick a flower and do not think about the fact that this flower is dying. What needs to be done so that forests, fields, rivers, our smaller brothers - animals and birds - do not suffer from the cruel hands of poachers? How to stop from thoughtless actions? Ultimately, man himself, a piece of nature, will suffer.

What ways, forms and methods are used to educate a caring person who will be a real guardian and master of the incredible riches of our planet?

Students should receive answers to questions: why you shouldn’t throw garbage wherever you can light a fire in the forest, why you need to plant flowers and why you shouldn’t break tree branches, etc.

Dear guys and guests! Our conference is dedicated to one of the most current issues of our time - the relationship between man and nature. (tell 1 sheet and abstract).

We offer you speeches on the following topics: Ecological state oil industry in our region, Protection and rational use of flora and fauna, Environmental problems of our region, Protection ecological environment- everyone's business.

Literature

1. V.N. Kuznetsov. "Ecology of Russia" Reader. JSC "MDS"

Page 4-5.

2. Khismatov M.F., Sukhov V.P. "Geography of Bashkortostan". Textbook for 9th grade. - Ufa: Kitap. Pages 41-43.

MBOU "Sizobugorsk secondary school named after the poet Majlis Utezhanov"

Scientific and practical conference for schoolchildren:

“Ecology and Life”, dedicated to the Year of Ecology.

Topic of educational and research work:

"Ecology of the native village."

Completed by a student of grade 4 “b”

Utegalieva Anita

Scientific adviser:

Ismurzaeva Zulfiya Dyusenovna

village Sizyy Bugor 2017

Introduction………………………………………………………3-4

Theoretical part:

What is ecology?........................................................ ........................5

Environmental problems of the village…………………………………6

Negative influence garbage…………………………………………7

Garbage management……………………………………………………………8

3) Practical part:

Photos about the state of the village……………………………………..9

Subbotniks at school…………………………………………….10

Assignment for students in grades 4-5 (drawings)……………………….11

Research: how long does garbage last in water and soil……12-13

4) Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………… 14-15

5) List of references……………………………………………………16

Introduction

Don't throw trash, people!
It can become a big burden...
Take care of the gift of nature,
Give her attention!

Tatiana Tsyganok

Our Motherland is great. Its vastness is vast. But for each of us it begins from our native land. Our region - Astrakhan region, Volodarsky district, village of Sizy Bugor.

After all, for a small Motherland, as for a person, the main thing is not the number of years lived, but what they were filled with, what trace they left, what changes and good deeds were accomplished during the time allotted by history.

Years go by, the appearance of the village is changing, I will talk about the prospects for the development of my native village, its ecology, and culture at the present historical stage in my work. After all, in these changes the village, in its appearance, culture, ecology, agricultural development, there is an inextricable connection between times and the continuity of generations.

Environmental problems are currently receiving special attention from the public, scientists, and politicians. And this is no coincidence, since global environmental problems require a depth of environmental knowledge and a responsible attitude towards the environment.

A person’s mental and physical well-being, his mood, business activity, and health depend decisively on the state of the environment. The ecological state of our Fatherland depends on the state of the ecological environment of each, even small settlement.

“We create cities and villages, and they create us,” said Aristotle.

We, the younger generation, growing up in such environmental conditions, when we see that there are fewer and fewer islands of wildlife left in the village, perceive it with great pain and resentment. The soul rejoices at the sight of the cleanliness of our village. But sometimes, we often get upset because of the clutter. Therefore, I believe that at present the topic “Ecology of the native land” is very important.

2017 is the Year of Ecology. The environmental problem is very important stage in the development of humanity. It determines the fate of the human world. People, conquering nature, largely destroyed the balance ecological systems. “Nature used to frighten man, but now man frightens nature,” said French oceanologist Jacques Yves Cousteau. In some places, the environment has reached a state of crisis.
No one can remain indifferent to environmental pollution. “The bird that pollutes its own nest is bad,” says the popular proverb.
Pollution of the surrounding area, reduction natural resources poses great challenges to humanity. The future of our planet depends on a clean environment. To achieve all this, it is necessary for a person to realize everything himself and take a step to protect nature.
Ecological culture and school are closely interconnected. We are faced with the task of gaining knowledge on ecology. To achieve success, you need to work consistently using real facts.
Ecology as a science is not included in the school curriculum. Therefore, environmental problems have to be studied in elective classes.
In the lessons of the surrounding world, we pay attention to the problems of the relationship between society and nature, to methods for developing the productivity of rural crops and to studying the properties of adaptation of living organisms to environmental factors.

Purpose of the research work: study the ecology of your native village. Take an active part in improving the environmental situation.

Relevance of the research work.

It is important that every person understands the problems of the environment, tries to make it suitable for their living, and causes as little harm to it as possible. I consider my research topic to be the most relevant in our time. Modern man cannot today be completely freed from nature .

On the pages of my educational and research work, I tried to consider (as far as my capabilities allow me) and show, from an environmental point of view, the environmental problem in our village associated with the environmentally illiterate behavior of people. Every person must behave in relation to nature in such a way that natural connections are not disrupted. One thing that irritates me is that before we destroy ourselves, we will destroy the planet.

Object of study: village of Sizyy Bugor

Research objectives:

1.Develop the ability to express one’s attitude towards literary works.

2. Develop interest and respect for the environmental problems of your area.

3. Fostering a love for nature.

Research methods: selection and search required material; material analysis; summing up the results.

Scientific and practical significance. The materials from my research can be used for extracurricular activities, in competition work.

Rationale for choosing the topic: The title of the topic speaks for itself. We propose to plunge into the problem of our village.

Hypothesis: Find out whether pollution of the territory affects the ecology of the village?

Beginning of work: spring 2017

End of work: work continues.

2) Theoretical part:

- What is ecology?

Ecology is the science of environmental protection.

What is ecology? This term, first used in 1866 by the German biologist E. Haeckel (1834-1919), refers to the science of the relationship of living organisms with the environment. The scientist believed that new science will deal only with the relationship of animals and plants with their habitat.

This term firmly entered our lives in the 70s of the 20th century.

However, today we actually talk about environmental problems as social ecology - a science that studies the problems of interaction between society and the environment.

It seems to me that today the concept of “ecology” is closest to the original understanding of the Greek term “oikos (abode) + 1ogos (teaching)” as the science of one’s own home, i.e. about the biosphere, the features of its development and the role of man in this process.

I will add from myself: and his behavior in this house.

Environmental problems of the village.

What environmental problems have I identified in the village?

Our village is distinguished by the beauty of its houses, fences, shops...
The houses are well maintained, the fences are painted, some of the streets have flowers and fruit trees planted along them. Traditionally, people sweep and clean their yard and street. But “civilization” also left a bad mark. Nowadays we often see garbage that people have become accustomed to. These are plastic bottles, film, garbage bags. Broken roads give it a sloppy appearance. On every street there are abandoned houses, which are places where garbage accumulates, secretly removed by careless owners.

I began my work with a questionnaire addressed to schoolchildren, in which one of the questions was the following: “What would you like to see the natural environment in your native village?” Everyone had the same answer: clean water, clean air, fertile soils, no dangerous pollutants.

What is the real situation?

Briefly describing the current state of the environment and comparing it with what we wanted to have, the conclusion would be: “What we have is clearly different from what we want.”

There are places like unsanitary monuments that make their villagers feel ashamed. The photograph shows all that remains of the kindergarten and club building.

I conducted a study and recorded places with an unsanitary condition: the territory of the former club, fields, banks, cemetery.

Currently, the field has turned into a garbage dump: manure, plastic bottles, household waste. This is a real breeding ground for various diseases.

People themselves, without thinking about the consequences, deprive themselves of a wonderful vacation spot.
Will it be possible to restore it? I think it's possible. After all, some village residents are trying to clear the bank and restore its former appearance. This is another example that spontaneous landfills should not be allowed. It is almost impossible to return to the former nature.

All in our hands.

The negative impact of garbage.

Garbage is solid household waste (plastic packaging containers, aluminum cans, glass, cleaning and waste of food raw materials, paper, etc.), waste from industrial enterprises, the consequences of walking dogs on lawns, etc. Some nooks and crannies of the village and roadsides are littered with garbage. expensive...

Where does garbage come from?

Main sources of waste:

Human

Transport

The shops

Of course, more attention needs to be paid to the person. Walking along the streets, we don’t hesitate to throw away pieces of paper, cigarette butts, and any unnecessary garbage, emptying our pockets. It’s even worse to see the picture when garbage is thrown out of the windows of houses or vehicles. Scientists have calculated that if every person threw at least one piece of paper a day, our streets would be covered dense layer paper.

Impact on the health of village residents.

Decaying garbage releases huge amounts of toxic substances that cause many diseases. Changes in plant communities, indirect impact on the fauna of our region. Soil erosion, which reduces fertility and contributes to changes in soil structure. I will give some facts about the formation of toxic substances as a consequence of the decomposition of organic and mineral waste components. When such substances are burned, as well as under the influence of ultraviolet rays, substances are formed that are very toxic. Alloys containing cobalt negatively affect the hemoglobin content of the blood. Garbage containing products from the electronics industry can impair liver function, and their fumes destroy mucous membranes. Metal coatings containing cadmium, when decomposed, cause destruction of the nervous system. Electroplating, alloys, and solders contain tin, which also has a negative effect on the nervous system. Mercury batteries, lamps, and various types of paints can cause mental disorders and deafness. Fight against garbage.

The main ways to combat garbage are: increasing the culture of the rural population. We have created special environmental programs at our school, participation in actions, cleanup days, class hours... Strengthening control over the cleanliness of the streets, introducing administrative penalties for non-compliance with the rules of behavior on the streets and installing trash cans and garbage containers in the village. One of the ways to finally solve the problem of garbage is to burn it. Many villagers use this method. But this method is environmentally harmful, because... When burned, many substances form a large number of toxic compounds that cause a number of diseases, including cancer.

Another method is recycling of raw materials. But this method for our villages is something out of science fiction.

Most effective method Today it is propaganda work. It’s not for nothing that they say that “clean is not where they clean, but where they don’t litter.” This means that it is necessary to bring to the consciousness of every resident the need to keep their native village clean.

Practical part:

Photos about the state of the village

as of March 2017

Saturdays at school.

“We cut down forests, arrange landfills,

But who will take everything under protection?

The streams are empty, there are only sticks in the forest.

It's time for humanity to understand

Taking away the wealth from Nature,

That the Earth also needs to be protected:

She’s just like us - alive!”

At school cleanup

At school cleanup
Great workers.
Clean up the village today
Both old and young came.

Pensioners gathered
Clean streets and fields.
– Do you need helpers?
Suggestions are heard.

It's first class
Cleaning for the first time.
All you can hear is: “Come on!”
Get to work!

Someone is collecting trash
Someone is planting trees
Someone is fidgeting in the flowerbeds,
Happy faces everywhere.

At school cleanup
All the wipers, all the rafts.
Even a restless resident
I came to help today.

Nobody quarrels with anyone
Everyone's work is going well.
The fourth grade decided on "five"
Clean up the village for the holiday.

N. Anishina

Assignment for schoolchildren in grades 4-5:

How do you imagine the “Ecology of your native village?”

(drawings)

Study: How long does trash last in water and soil?

Landfills are breeding grounds for rats, mice, and numerous insects.

It is known that the rate of decomposition of ordinary paper in natural conditions about 2 years, a metal tin can - about 90, a plastic bag - about 200 years, and glass jar- about 1000 years, and most plastics do not decompose.

I can confirm these figures with my research: how long does garbage last in water and soil.

Let's put the trash out different materials: paper, plastic, metal, fruit.

In a container with water

In a container with soil

Let's see what happens to the garbage:

It’s scary to think what awaits us in the near future: we will find ourselves hostages, we will surround ourselves with mountains of garbage.

Conclusion

A green world - this is how I want to see the planet and my small homeland. Nature is our common heritage and common Home. Lately it has become more and more difficult and uncomfortable to live in this house. Everything in our complex world is interconnected, nature is fragile and vulnerable, and the consequences of a rude, insane attitude towards animals and flora can be catastrophic. But we have one planet, one for all earthlings and there will not be another. Each resident is responsible to all humanity for preserving nature for present and future generations.

For a glass bottle to decompose, it takes 200 years, paper - 2-3 years, fabric products - 2-3 years, wooden products - several decades, a tin can - more than 90 years, a plastic bag - more than 200 years, plastic - 500 years.

You can use garbage for good - use some of the plastic waste to arrange a flower garden, create various crafts, bird feeders, etc.; If possible, hand over glass containers to a collection point; Give clothes in good condition that are no longer worn to those in need; donate books and magazines to the library; donate old toys to kindergarten.

How do I see my village in 10-20 years?

Spring, morning, steamy air, unsteady sunlight, the whiteness of the birch tree trunks, the singing of birds, in the summer there is a sea of ​​flowers in the village flowerbed and the happy laughter of children.

Once upon a time there lived a sage who knew the answers to all questions. The students decided to shame the teacher. One of them took a butterfly in his palm. And they decided to ask the sage: what is in their hands: dead or alive? If the answer is “dead,” then we will release the butterfly, and if the answer is “alive,” then we will clench our palms and it will die. Thus, in any case, he will be wrong. But the sage answered his disciples...What did he answer them? ALL IN YOUR HANDS.

Let us remember this: our future is in our hands.

I want to encourage all residents:

maintain cleanliness not only in your home, but also in your yard, on your street, in common areas;

treat the soil with care, do not pollute the soil with inorganic household waste(glass, polyethylene, iron tanks, etc.);

prevent unreasonable cutting down of trees and bushes;

plant at least one tree for every village resident;

actively participate in spring and autumn cleaning of the village territory;

I want to continue my research work.

I was born in the village of Sizy Bugor,
What stands by the Bushma River.
How beautiful it is here
How nice everything is here to me,
I can't even live without her!
I'll leave the house -
The shore will open
The distance seems wonderful to me
And in the spring, when everything wakes up,
Often there, in plain sight of people,
Starlings walk so important
And I look at them for hours.
I'm very sorry, of course, that the river
completely overgrown with garbage along the banks!
There are fewer fish in the river now,
But the crow doesn’t care!!!
How I wish my native village
To wish to develop, grow,
So that in the future our descendants
You could see this beauty!!!

Bibliography

Alekseeva. Textbook "Ecology" - M, Education, 2002 - 98 p.

Chernova N.M., Bylova A.M. Ecology. - M.: Education, 1981.- 254 p.

Novikov Yu.V. Ecology, environment and people. M.: Agency "Fair", 1998. - 320 p.

1. http://socfil.narod.ru

http://works.tarefer.ru