Stylistic features of publicistic style. Journalistic style. Journalistic style is the style of socio-political literature. One of the most important stylistic features of journalistic style

Journalism is called the chronicle of modernity, since it reflects the current history in its entirety, addresses the topical problems of society - political, social, cultural, everyday, philosophical, etc. Newspaper-journalistic (journalistic) style speeches are presented on the pages of newspapers and magazines, in materials of radio and television journalism, in public lectures, in the speeches of speakers in parliament, at congresses, plenums, meetings, rallies, etc.

Texts related to this style are distinguished by a variety of topics and language design. On the one hand, the same genre, for example, the genre of reportage, will be significantly different in the newspaper, on radio and on television. But, on the other hand, newspaper reporting differs significantly from other newspaper genres - information, essay, feuilleton, etc.

However, all genres of journalism have many common features that allow them to be combined into a single whole. And these common features are due to the presence of common function. Texts journalistic style are always addressed to the masses and always perform - along with informational - an influencing function. The nature of the impact can be direct and open. For example, at a rally, speakers openly call on the masses to support or reject this or that decision of the government, this or that speaker, politician, etc.

The nature of the impact may be different, as if hidden behind an outwardly objective presentation of facts (cf. news programs on radio, television). However, the very selection of facts, their more or less detailed consideration, the nature of the presentation of the material also provide for a certain impact on the masses. By its very nature, journalism is designed to actively intervene in life, to shape public opinion.

A characteristic feature of journalism is also that it affects not only one person, but precisely the masses, society as a whole and its individual social groups. In the journalistic style, the author's individuality is much stronger than in the scientific, official and business styles. However, in this case, the author manifests himself not only as a specific person (with his own unique features), but also as a representative of society, an exponent of certain social ideas, interests, etc.

Therefore, the main feature, the dominant feature of journalistic style is social appraisal, which is manifested both in the very selection of facts, the degree of attention to them, and in the use of expressive linguistic means.

In general, the journalistic style is characterized by a constant alternation of expression and standard, the constant transformation of expressive means into a standard and the search for new expressive means of expression.

For example, metaphors cold war, iron curtain, perestroika, stagnation, thaw almost immediately turned into socio-political, standardly used terms.

Such confrontation and interaction of expression and standard is quite natural. The influencing function determines the constant desire of journalism for expression, but the need for expressive and visual means conflicts with the need to quickly respond to all the events of our time. Standards, being ready-made speech forms, are correlated with certain socio-political and other situations. And the text, built in a familiar, standard form, is easier to write and easier to digest. It is no coincidence that such stereotypes are most often found in those genres that require an economical and concise form and are operationally related to the event itself: official communication, information, press review, report on the work of parliament, government, etc. In other genres (essay, feuilleton, etc.) there are fewer speech standards, original expressive techniques come to the fore, speech is individualized.

The standard informative means used in a journalistic style include the following:

Among the expressive-influencing means, it is necessary to highlight the following:

Of course, the use of standard and expressive means of language in a journalistic style largely depends on the genre, on the sense of proportion, taste and talent of the publicist.

Journalistic style- this is the style of socio-political literature, periodicals, oratory, etc., which is determined by the content of the texts and the main goals - to influence the masses, call them to action, communicate information, etc.

The origin of the journalistic style refers to XVI century, in Russia it is associated with the pamphlets of Ivan Peresvetov, the correspondence of Tsar Ivan IV with Prince Kurbsky. Further development he received in the XVIII century in the work of I.A. Krylova, N.I. Novikova, A.P. Sumarokova, D.I. Fonvizin and others. The style was finally formed in Russia in the 19th century, and V.G. Belinsky, A.I. Herzen, N.G. Chernyshevsky, N.A. Dobrolyubov.

The main stylistic features of the journalistic style:

- brevity of presentation with informative saturation;

- intelligibility of presentation (newspaper - the most common type of mass media);

- emotionality, generalization, ease of expression.

Characteristic features of the journalistic style:

- socio-political vocabulary and phraseology;

- the use of speech stamps, their easy reproducibility ( field workers, counter workers, friendly atmosphere);

- the use of short sentences - chopped prose;

– elliptical sentences (verbless phrases) – ( privatization check–to each; banks–not just for bankers);

- combining the features of a journalistic style with features of other styles;

- the use of figurative and expressive means of the language (rhetorical questions, repetitions, inversion, etc.).

Widespread newspaper and magazine variety of journalistic style.

Literary and artistic style- this is a style of fiction, which is determined by its content and main goals - to convey one's attitude to the environment, depicted, draw a picture with words, describe an event, etc.

The main stylistic features of the literary and artistic style:

- figurativeness, emotionality;

- the unity of communicative and aesthetic functions.

Characteristic features of the literary and artistic style:

- wide use of vocabulary and phraseology of other styles; the use of figurative and expressive means;

- manifestation of the creative individuality of the author (author's style).

Conversational style

Conversational style opposed to book styles, it alone performs the function of communication.

The main style features of the conversational style:

- expressiveness, lack of preliminary consideration of the statement;

- emotionality, ease, generalization.

Characteristics conversational style:

- wide use of everyday vocabulary and phraseology;

- the use of non-lexical means (intonation, stress, pauses, speech rate, etc.);

- a dialogue form of utterance, less often a monologue;

- the inclusion of particles, interjections in speech, introductory words, hits;

- predominance simple sentences over complex;

- the use of plug-in and connecting structures;

- lexical repetitions, inversions (reverse word order).

Errors related to the violation of stylistic norms

Ι. Unjustified use of book words

In written language

Often the words needed in one speech situation, are out of place in another. This is one of the reasons for stylistic errors.

In the journalistic style, stylistic errors often occur due to the unmotivated use of high book vocabulary. Referring to her is not justified in such sentences, for example: “ The store staff, like all progressive mankind, took up a work watch in honor of the commemoration of the great holiday».

In the scientific style, errors arise due to the inability of the author to use terms professionally and competently. (For example: " The driver's movements must be limited by the seat belt. Need: seat belt.)

Passion for terms and book vocabulary in texts that are not related to the scientific style can cause pseudo-scientific presentation. (For example: " There are singers who perform primordially Russian songs with elements of imitation of a foreign manner of sound production».)

ΙΙ. Unjustified use of colloquial speech in writing

And vernacular words

The cause of errors may be the inappropriate use of colloquial and colloquial words. Their use is not allowed in formal business style. (For example: " Exercise effective control over diligentfarm feed consumption». Edit: « It is necessary to strictly control the consumption of feed on the farm».)

The use of colloquial vocabulary leads to a violation of the stylistic norms of a journalistic style. (For example: " Construction organizations have worked below their capabilities.” Or: “The barley harvesting failed».)

Colloquial words in these cases give sentences a familiar, rough tone.

Stylistic mistakes arise when mixing different-style vocabulary. A combination of book and colloquial words is completely unacceptable. (For example: " Management immediately jumped on the valuable offer". Or: " To arm themselves with irrefutable facts, they took a photojournalist with them».)

ΙΙΙ. The use of historicisms and archaisms

The language is constantly evolving. It has an active and passive vocabulary at the same time. The passive includes obsolete words that are understandable to speakers. Such words appear in explanatory dictionaries marked "obsolete".

historicisms- words representing the names of disappeared objects, phenomena, concepts. (For example: chain mail, hussar.)

Archaisms- the names of existing objects and phenomena, for some reason displaced by other words. (cf. comedian–actor, gold–gold, daily–Always.)

The use of obsolete words without taking into account their expressive coloring becomes the cause of gross stylistic errors. (For example: " New settlers welcomed the builders as the dearest guests».)

ΙΥ. Neologism

Each era enriches the language with new words. Learning new words in a language occurs in different ways: some of them quickly become widespread, others do not.

Neologisms- words belonging to the passive vocabulary, but retaining a touch of novelty.

Sovietisms- new words that came into the language in the Soviet era.

The use of neologisms in speech causes great difficulties. Appeal to them should always be stylistically motivated. Neologisms in which the requirements of euphony of speech are violated are considered unsuccessful. (For example: juggling, juggling.)

The sound form of neologism is completely unacceptable if it causes undesirable associations due to its similarity with already known words. An unexpected comic effect is given to speech by sentences like:

« important task is a significant afforestation of the landscape" (cf. baldness).

Let's compare the options for stylistic editing of a text in which the use of neologisms is not justified:

Y. Phraseologisms. stylistic mistakes,

THEME 5.PUBLICISTIC STYLE OF SPEECH

§ 1. Journalistic style of speech (general characteristic)

IN Latin have a verb public are- "make public, open to all" or "explain publicly, make public". The word is connected with it by origin. journalism. Publicism- this is a special type of literary works, which highlight, explain current issues of socio-political life, raise moral problems.

The subject of journalism is life in society, economics, ecology - everything that concerns everyone.

Journalistic style used in the socio-political sphere of activity. This is the language of newspapers, socio-political magazines, propaganda radio and television programs, comments on documentaries, the language of speeches at meetings, rallies, celebrations, etc. Journalistic style is a speech activity in the field of politics in all its variety of meanings. The main means of journalistic style are designed not only for the message, information, logical proof, but also for the emotional impact on the listener (audience).

The characteristic features of journalistic works are the relevance of the issue, political passion and imagery, sharpness and brightness of presentation. They are due to the social purpose of journalism - reporting facts, forming public opinion, actively influencing the mind and feelings of a person.

Publicistic style is represented by many genres:

1. newspaper- essay, article, feuilleton, reportage;

2. television– analytical program, information message, dialogue in live;

3. public speaking- speech at a rally, toast, debate;

4. communicative- press conference, "no tie" meeting, teleconferences;

§ 2. Functions of journalistic style

One of the important features of the journalistic style is the combination of two language functions within its framework: message functions(informative) and impact functions(expressive).

Message function consists in the fact that the authors of journalism texts inform a wide range of readers, viewers, listeners about problems that are significant for society.

The information function is inherent in all styles of speech. Its specificity in a journalistic style lies in the subject and nature of the information, in its sources and addressees. Thus, television programs, newspaper and magazine articles inform the society about the most diverse aspects of its life: about parliamentary debates, about the economic programs of the government and parties, about incidents and crimes, about the state of the environment, about Everyday life citizens.

The method of presenting information in a journalistic style also has its own distinctive features. Information in journalistic texts not only describes the facts, but also reflects the assessment, opinions, moods of the authors, contains their comments and reflections. This distinguishes it, for example, from official business information. Another difference in the provision of information is related to the fact that the publicist tends to write selectively - first of all, about what is of interest to certain social groups, he highlights only those aspects of life that are important to his potential audience.

Informing citizens about the state of affairs in socially significant areas is accompanied in journalistic texts by the implementation of the second most important function of this style - impact functions. The goal of the publicist is not only to tell about the state of affairs in society, but also to convince the audience of the need for a certain attitude towards the facts presented and the need for the desired behavior. Therefore, the journalistic style is characterized by open tendentiousness, polemicism, emotionality (which is caused by the desire of the publicist to prove the correctness of his position).

In various journalistic genres, one of the two named functions can act as a leading one, while it is important that the influence function does not crowd out the information function: the promotion of ideas useful to society should be based on complete and reliable information to the audience.

§ 3. Linguistic signs of a journalistic style of speech

Lexical features

1. In the journalistic style, there are always ready-made standard formulas (or speech clichés), which are not of an individual authorial, but of a social nature: hot support, lively response, harsh criticism, putting things in order etc. As a result of repeated repetitions, these clichés often turn into boring (erased) clichés: radical transformation, radical reforms.

Speech patterns reflect the nature of time. Many clichés are already outdated, for example: sharks of imperialism, growing pains, servants of the people, enemy of the people. On the contrary, newfangled for the official press of the late 90s. became words and expressions: elite, struggle of elites, elite of the criminal world, top financial elite, promote, virtual, image, iconic figure, power pie, child of stagnation, wooden ruble, lie injection.

Numerous examples of speech clichés became part of the so-called journalistic phraseology, which allows you to quickly and accurately give information: peaceful offensive, force of dictate, paths of progress, security issue, offer package.

2. The relationship between the sender and the addressee in a journalistic style is similar to the relationship between the actor and the audience. "Theatrical" vocabulary – the second striking feature of the journalistic style. It permeates all journalistic texts: political show , on the politicalarena , behind the scenes struggle,role leader,dramatic events known in politicstrick , nightmarishscenario and etc.

3. characteristic feature journalistic style is emotional-evaluative vocabulary. This assessment is not individual, but social in nature. For example, positive words: asset, mercy, thoughts, dare, prosperity; negative words: plant, philistine, sabotage, racism, depersonalization.

4. In the journalistic style, a special place belongs to the book layers of vocabulary, which have a solemn, civil-pathetic, rhetorical coloring: dare, erect, self-sacrifice, army, homeland. The use of Old Church Slavonicisms also gives the text a pathetic tone: accomplishments, power, guardian etc.

5. In the texts of the journalistic style, military terminology is often present: guards, height assault, forward edge, line of fire, direct fire, strategy, reserve mobilization. But it is used, of course, not in its direct meaning, but figuratively (texts with these words can talk, for example, about harvesting, commissioning new production facilities, etc.).

6. As an evaluative tool in journalism, words of a passive vocabulary - archaisms can be found. For example: dollar and his healers . Military profits are growing.

Morphological features

TO morphological features publicistic style, we attribute the frequent use of certain grammatical forms of parts of speech. This:

1) the singular of a noun in the plural sense: Russian man has always been resilient; Teacher always knows student ;

2) genitive case of a noun: timechange , plastic bagproposals , reformprices , exit fromcrisis and etc.;

3) imperative forms of the verb: stay with us on the first channel!

4) present tense of the verb: in Moscowopens , April 3starts ;

5) participles on - ohmy:driven, weightless, driven;

6) derivative prepositions: in the field, on the way, on the base, in the name of, in the light, in the interests of, taking into account.

Syntactic signs

TO syntactic features journalistic style should include frequently repeated, as well as specific types of sentences (syntactic constructions). Among them:

1) rhetorical questions: Will the Russian man survive? Do Russians want wars?

2) exclamatory sentences: All to the polls!

3) proposals with reversed order: The army is at war with nature(cf.: The army is at war with nature).The exception was mining enterprises(compare: Enterprises were an exception);

4) headings of articles, essays that perform an advertising function: Small troubles of a large fleet. Winter is the hot season.

Headlines often use a specific language technique – " connection of the incompatible". It makes it possible to reveal the internal inconsistency of an object or phenomenon with minimal linguistic means: a toiling parasite, repeated inimitable, gloomy merriment, eloquent silence.

Questions and tasks

1. Where is the publicistic style of speech used?

2. Name the genres of journalism.

3. Tell us about the functions of journalistic style (informative and expressive).

4. What are the linguistic features of a journalistic style of speech (lexical, morphological, syntactic)?

5. What technique do journalists use in the headlines of articles, essays?

Structural-logical scheme "Genres of journalistic style of speech"

The word journalistic is derived from the Latin word publicus, which means “public, state”. The words journalism (socio-political literature in modern, hot topics) and publicist (author of works on socio-political topics). Etymologically, all these words are related to the word public, which has two meanings: 1) visitors, spectators, listeners; 2) people, people.

The purpose of the journalistic style of speech- informing, transferring socially significant information with a simultaneous impact on the reader, listener, convincing him of something, suggesting certain ideas, views to him, encouraging him to certain actions, actions.

Scope of publicistic style of speech- socio-economic, political, cultural relations.

Genres of journalism- an article in a newspaper, magazine, essay, reportage, interview, feuilleton, oratorical speech, judicial speech, speech on radio, television, at a meeting, report.

The journalistic style of speech is characterized by logicality, figurativeness, emotionality, appraisal, appeal and their corresponding language tools. It widely uses socio-political vocabulary, various types of syntactic constructions.

A journalistic text is often constructed as a scientific discourse: an important public problem, possible ways of solving it are analyzed and evaluated, generalizations and conclusions are made, the material is arranged in a strict logical sequence, general scientific terminology is used. This brings him closer to the scientific style.

Publicistic speeches are distinguished by reliability, accuracy of facts, concreteness, strict validity. It also brings him closer to the scientific style of speech. On the other hand, for journalistic speech characterized by passion, invocation. The most important requirement for journalism is public accessibility: it is designed for a wide audience and should be understandable to everyone.

The journalistic style has much in common with the artistic style of speech. In order to effectively influence the reader or listener, his imagination and feelings, the speaker or writer uses epithets, comparisons, metaphors and other figurative means, resorts to colloquial and even colloquial words and phrases, phraseological expressions that enhance the emotional impact of speech.

Publicistic articles by literary critics V.G. Belinsky, N.A. Dobrolyubova, N.G. Chernyshevsky, N.V. Shelgunov, historians S.M. Solovieva, V.O. Klyuchevsky, philosophers V.V. Rozanova, N.A. Berdyaev, speeches by prominent Russian lawyers A.F. Koni, F.N. Plevako. M. Gorky turned to journalistic genres (the cycles “On Modernity”, “In America”, “Notes on Philistinism”, “Untimely Thoughts”), V.G. Korolenko (letters to A.V. Lunacharsky), M.A. Sholokhov, A.N. Tolstoy, L.M. Leonov. The writers S.P. are known for their journalistic articles. Zalygin, V.G. Rasputin, D.A. Granin, V.Ya. Lakshin, Academician D.S. Likhachev.

The journalistic style (as mentioned earlier) includes the speech of the defender or prosecutor in court. And the fate of a person often depends on their oratory, the ability to master the word.

The journalistic style of speech is characterized by the widespread use of socio-political vocabulary, as well as vocabulary denoting the concepts of morality, ethics, medicine, economics, culture, words from the field of psychology, words denoting internal state, human experience, etc.

In a journalistic style, the words are often used: with prefixes a-, anti-, de-, inter-, times- (s-); with suffixes -i (ya), -qi (ya), -izatsi (ya), -ism, -ist; with roots close in meaning to prefixes, all-, general-, super-.

The vocabulary of the journalistic style is characterized by the use of figurative means, the figurative meaning of words, words with a brightly emotional coloring.

The means of emotional influence used in this style of speech are diverse. For the most part, they resemble figurative means of expression artistic style of speech, with the difference, however, that their main purpose is not the creation of artistic images, but the impact on the reader, listener, convincing him of something and informing, transmitting information.

Emotional means of expressiveness of the language can include epithets (including those that are an application), comparisons, metaphors, rhetorical questions and appeals, lexical repetitions, gradation. Gradation is sometimes combined with repetition (you can’t lose a single week, not a single day, not a single minute), it can be enhanced by grammatical means: the use of gradational unions and allied combinations (not only ..., but also; not only ..., but also; not only …, How many). This includes phraseological units, proverbs, sayings, colloquial turns of speech (including vernacular); the use of literary images, quotations, linguistic means of humor, irony, satire (witty comparisons, ironic inserts, satirical retelling, parading, puns).

The emotional means of the language are combined in a journalistic style with strict logical evidence, semantic emphasis important words, revolutions, separate parts of the statement.

Socio-political vocabulary is replenished as a result of borrowings, new formations and the revival of previously known words, but with a new meaning (for example: entrepreneur, business, market, etc.).

In the journalistic style of speech, as in the scientific one, nouns in the genitive case are often used in the role inconsistent definition like the voice of the world, neighboring countries. In sentences, verbs in the form of the imperative mood, reflexive verbs often act as a predicate.

The syntax of this style of speech is characterized by the use of homogeneous members, introductory words and sentences, participles and participle turns, complex syntactic constructions.

I. Introduction.

II. Journalistic style.

3. Genres of journalism.

III. Conclusion

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Journalistic style

Plan

I. Introduction.

II. Journalistic style.

1. Characteristics of the journalistic style.

2. Features of journalistic style.

3. Genres of journalism.

1) Essay as a genre of journalism.

2) Oral presentation as a genre of journalism.

3) Report as a genre of journalism.

4) Discussion as a genre of journalism.

III. Conclusion

I. Introduction

The Russian language is heterogeneous in its composition. In it, first of all, the literary language is distinguished. This is the highest form national language determined by a whole system of norms. They cover its written and oral variety: pronunciation, vocabulary, word formation, grammar.

Literary language, depending on where and for what it is used, is divided into a number of styles.

Speech styles

Spoken Book

(scientific, official business,

Journalistic style

Fiction)

The styles of the Russian literary language are characterized by:

1. the goal pursued by the speech statement (scientific style is used to communicate scientific information, explain scientific facts; publicistic style - to influence the word through the media and directly to the speaker; official business style - to inform);
2. scope of use, environment;
3. genres;
4. linguistic (lexical, syntactic) means;
5. other style features.

II. Journalistic style

1. Characteristics of the journalistic style.

Journalistic styleaddressed to listeners, readers, this is already evidenced by the origin of the word (publicus, lat. - public).

The journalistic style of speech is a functional variety of the literary language and is widely used in various fields public life: in newspapers and magazines, on television and radio, in public political speeches, in the activities of parties and public associations. Political literature for the mass reader and documentaries should also be added here.

Publicistic style occupies a special place in the system of styles of the literary language, since in many cases it must process texts created within other styles. Scientific and business speech is focused on the intellectual reflection of reality, artistic speech - on its emotional reflection. Publicism plays a special role - it seeks to satisfy both intellectual and aesthetic needs. The outstanding French linguist C. Bally wrote that "scientific language is the language of ideas, and artistic speech is the language of feelings." To this we can add that journalism is the language of both thoughts and feelings. The importance of topics covered by the media requires thorough reflection and appropriate means of logical presentation of thought, and the expression of the author's attitude to events is impossible without the use of emotional means of language.

2. Features of journalistic style.

Scope of publicistic style: speeches, reports, debates, articles on socio-political topics (newspapers, magazines, radio, television).

The main function of the works of journalistic style:agitation, propaganda, discussion of pressing social, public issues in order to attract to them public opinion, influencing people, persuading them, suggesting certain ideas; motivation to do something or other.

Tasks of publicistic style speech: transmission of information about topical issues modern life for the purpose of influencing people, forming public opinion.

Characteristics of the statement: appeal, passion, expression of attitude to the subject of speech, conciseness with informative saturation.

Features of journalistic style: relevance, timeliness, efficiency, figurativeness, expressiveness, clarity and consistency, information saturation, the use of other styles (especially artistic and scientific), general accessibility (comprehensibility to a wide audience), invocative pathos.

Genres of journalistic style: essays, articles in the media (newspapers, magazines, on the Internet), discussions, political debates.

Style FeaturesKeywords: logic, figurativeness, emotionality, appraisal, genre diversity.

Language tools: socio-political vocabulary and phraseology, words with emphatically positive or negative value, proverbs, sayings, quotations, figurative and expressive means of the language (metaphors, epithets, comparisons, inversion, etc.), syntactic constructions of book and colloquial speech, simple (complete and incomplete) sentences, rhetorical questions, appeals.

Form and type of speech:written (oral is also possible); monologue, dialogue, polylogue.

3. Genres of journalism.

Journalism is rooted in antiquity. Publicistic pathos permeated many biblical texts, the works of ancient scientists and orators that have survived to this day. In literature Ancient Rus' genres of journalism were present. A striking example works of journalism ancient Russian literature"-" The Tale of Igor's Campaign "(genre of journalism - word). Over the millennia, journalism has developed in many respects, including genre.

The genre repertoire of modern journalism is also diverse, not inferior to fiction. Here is a reportage, and notes, and chronicle information, and an interview, and an editorial, and a report, and an essay, and a feuilleton, and a review, and other genres.

1) Essay as a genre of journalism.

One of the most common genres of journalism is the essay. Feature article - a short piece of literature short description life events (usually socially significant). Distinguish between documentary, journalistic, everyday essays.

There are small essays published in newspapers, and large ones published in magazines, and entire essay books.

A characteristic feature of the essay is documentary, the reliability of facts, events, about which in question. In the essay, as in work of art, are used figurative means, an element of artistic typification is introduced.

The essay, like other genres of journalism, always raises some important issue.

2) Oral presentation as a genre of journalism.

oral presentationalso belongs to the journalistic genre.

An important distinguishing feature of oral presentation is the interest of the speaker - a guarantee that your speech will arouse the reciprocal interest of the audience. Oral presentation should not be drawn out: after 5-10 minutes, the attention of the listeners becomes dull. The speaker's speech should contain one main idea that the author wants to convey to the audience. In such a speech, colloquial expressions are allowed, the active use of oratory techniques: rhetorical questions, appeals, exclamations, simpler syntax compared to written speech.

It is important to prepare such a speech: think over a plan, pick up arguments, examples, conclusions, so as not to read “on a piece of paper”, but to convince the audience. If a person owns the subject of his speech, has his own point of view, proves it, this causes respect, interest, and hence the attention of the audience.

3) Report as a genre of journalism.

The most difficult form of oral presentations is report . In this case, you can use pre-prepared notes, but do not abuse reading, otherwise the speaker will stop listening. The report usually concerns any field of knowledge: it can be a scientific report, a report-report. The report requires clarity, consistency, evidence, accessibility. During the presentation, you can read bright quotes, demonstrate graphs, tables, illustrations (they should be clearly visible to the audience).

4) Discussion as a genre of journalism.

The report can be a starting point discussions , that is, the discussion of any controversial issue. It is important to clearly define the subject of discussion. Otherwise, it is doomed to failure: each participant in the dispute will speak about his own. It is necessary to argue with reason, to give convincing arguments.

III. Conclusion

Publicistic style is very important style, with it you can convey what cannot be conveyed by other styles of speech. Among the main linguistic features of the journalistic style, one should mention the fundamental heterogeneity of stylistic means; the use of special terminology and emotionally colored vocabulary, a combination of standard and expressive means of the language, the use of both abstract and concrete vocabulary. An important feature of journalism is the use of the most typical this moment public life ways of presenting the material, the most frequent lexical units, phraseological units characteristic of the time and metaphorical uses of the word. The relevance of the content makes the journalist look for relevant forms of its expression, generally understandable and at the same time distinguished by freshness and novelty.
Publicism is the main sphere of origin and the most active channel for the spread of linguistic neologisms: lexical, word-formation, phraseological. Therefore, this style has a significant impact on the development of the language norm.

References

1. A.I. Vlasenkov, L.M. Rybchenkova. Russian language. 10-11 grades. Textbook for educational institutions. A basic level of. M., "Enlightenment", 2010.

2. V.F. Grekov, S.E. Kryuchkov, L.A. Cheshko. Russian language. 10-11 grades. Textbook for educational institutions. M., "Enlightenment", 2010.

3. Deikina A.D., Pakhnova T.M. Russian language (basic and specialized levels).10-11 grades. Textbook for educational institutions. M. Verbum-M, 2005

4. N.A. Senina. Russian language. Preparation for the exam-2012. Rostov-on-Don, Legion, 2011