Is Gorbachev alive? The only president of the USSR, Mikhail Gorbachev. About the "Kremlin family"

Mikhail Gorbachev - political and statesman Soviet Union, the only president of the USSR. His name was included in the list of the most influential public figures in the political history of not only Russia, but also many other socialist republics of the community. Whether the actions of Mikhail Gorbachev caused the collapse of the Union, or were the last factors in the process of collapse that began long ago, today no one can give a definite answer. All we can say with certainty is that the President was great personality in the long and tangled history of a country that no longer exists.

Height, weight, age. How old is Mikhail Gorbachev

A tall, stately and portly man, Mikhail Gorbachev, always radiated confidence and inner strength. His low voice, delivered speech and all appearance, with which he spoke from the podium of the presidium, may evoke different emotions among his contemporaries, but they attracted the attention of listeners throughout his career. A person with such a level of publicity today cannot hide almost anything from his personal life. Multiple sources have different information about the once influential politician, even such trivial information as height, weight, age. How old Mikhail Gorbachev is today is also not difficult to find out. The politician is 86 years old, he is of sober mind and, despite many health problems, he still gives interviews to the media.

Where does Mikhail Gorbachev live now?

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev withdrew all powers to lead the country, and from that time on he no longer led a serious political life that could stand on par with his past activities. In 2000, he became the leader and chairman of the Social Democratic Party in Russia, which existed in this form for 7 years. Gorbachev's management policy is subject to a lot of criticism today, which is perhaps why the president has long settled away from his homeland.

In German Bavaria, in the small town where Mikhail Gorbachev now lives with his family, everyone knows about the ex-president’s past. Only the lazy did not discuss the politician’s income, his real estate and the German castle bought for a million dollars. The place where the Gorbachevs now live is truly royal: beautiful landscapes, natural scenery, and a river where you can fish. This area in Germany is also famous for its sanatorium area, where cardiovascular diseases are treated.

The politician's entourage claims that today Gorbachev communicates with the German press with greater sincerity.

Biography and personal life of Mikhail Gorbachev

Mikhail Gorbachev was born in March 1931. The boy began working at the age of 13. At that time he was studying at school, working part-time at a machine and tractor station and was a member of a collective farm. A few years later, Misha became an assistant combine operator, which he was very proud of. At this job, he received a labor order for assistance in fulfilling the plan and assistance from the collective farm management in entering the Moscow State University named after Lomonosov, from whose law faculty he graduated with an honors diploma. While a student, Gorbachev met his only wife throughout his life. At the age of 21, Mikhail found himself in political circles for the first time - he became a member communist party, in which he took Active participation in the Komsomol, in the propaganda department. Ten years later, in the same party, he became secretary of the regional committee of the Stavropol region.

Party and state service allowed Mikhail to receive a second higher education - an economist at the Agricultural Institute. Then the politician was able to see life on the other side for the first time iron curtain– visited Germany. The young activist’s candidacy was repeatedly considered for work in the KGB.

In the following years, the politician's career began to develop very quickly. He became a deputy of the Supreme Council and chairman of the commission on youth affairs. In 1971 he came to Central Committee ruling party. Gorbachev’s political biography is very rich; throughout his life he held a huge number of positions in different state hierarchy.

In 1989 he became Chairman of the Supreme Council, and in March 1990 he was elected the first President of the Soviet Union. At the top of the list of state and political influence, Mikhail Gorbachev launched the policy of “perestroika”, which included many stages and reforms to create the best state. The system of measures approved by him was supposed to be aimed at increasing the number of industries, improving economic and social indicators, developing the scientific and technical sector, and the common good for all residents. However, in the size of such a huge country with a large number of ramifications of power, as well as due to the rather aggressive military campaign of the political elite, the general shortage of goods, growing discontent among the population and the activity of newly created anti-Soviet associations, such a scenario could not come true.

For not long years his presidency, Mikhail Gorbachev was able to establish relationships with many Western countries, for which he received the Nobel Peace Prize. Despite foreign policy and active cooperation, the economic situation in the Union itself was deteriorating and many countries that already considered the Soviet existence to be temporary began to separate, which is why interethnic conflicts increased. In November 1991, a criminal case was opened against Mikhail Gorbachev for signing documents on the withdrawal of the Baltic countries from the Soviet state, which was later closed, but served as the beginning of the end of Gorbachev’s political career.

On December 25, 1991, the president announced the termination of his powers, and handed over the reins of power to the hands of Boris Yeltsin, the new president. new Russia.

After resignation ex-president owned shares in a Russian newspaper, wrote many literary works, where he revealed his thoughts regarding the unsettled life of the state, described reforms and political decisions, his life in the Union and after it. Several books have also been published that reveal the biography and personal life of Mikhail Gorbachev. Many publishers and channels wanted to get an interview with the politician. Gorbachev was on the program with Listyev, Posner and others.

Family and children of Mikhail Gorbachev

Mikhail Gorbachev was born into a Russian and Ukrainian family. The father of the future politician, Sergei Andreevich, went to the front when the boy was 10 years old. The village in which mother Maria Panteleevna and her son remained was later occupied by German troops and liberated Soviet soldiers only in six months. Then the news came about the death of Father Mikhail, which, fortunately, was not confirmed. Gorbachev - the eldest for his services at the front was awarded the order and a medal for courage.

Both of the politician's grandfathers were subject to repression during the change of government. The boy was mature beyond his years and from childhood he understood the complexity of the political structure of the state, so the teenager had a burning desire to personally change the way of life of the country so that the family and children of Mikhail Gorbachev could have a good future without war.

Daughter of Mikhail Gorbachev - Irina Virganskaya-Gorbacheva

Only daughter Mikhail Gorbachev - Irina Virganskaya-Gorbacheva received medical education at two universities in the country. Irina dreamed of doing science since childhood, but it didn’t work out, and the woman decided to retrain as an economist. Today Irina is vice president of the foundation that her father founded. During her life, the woman has traveled to many countries; she often visits her father’s house abroad; at one time she lived in San Francisco. Irina was married, and during her marriage she had a daughter, Ksenia, who today is more famous than her mother, as she has long been shining in the world of fashion and beauty. Ksenia takes to the catwalks from the most famous brands clothes. Gorbachev’s granddaughter was married twice, and today the ex-president already has a great-granddaughter.

Mikhail Gorbachev's wife - Raisa Gorbacheva

The first lady of the Soviet Union met her husband during her college years. During their married life, Mikhail Gorbachev's wife, Raisa Gorbacheva, gave birth to a daughter. After her husband received the high post of president, Raisa Maksimovna became involved in social activities. She is one of the founders of the Soviet Cultural Fund, which organized support for societies of culture, art, science and education. The Foundation provided support to many Museums, including the museum of poets Marina Tsvetaeva and Alexander Pushkin. After Gorbachev’s resignation from the presidency, it was his wife who acted as the editor of his literary texts and organized their printing and sale. The only and beloved woman of Mikhail Gorbachev died in 1999 from leukemia. Her treatment took place in the best clinics in Europe, but the disease still developed. Raisa Maksimovna was buried in Moscow on Novodevichy Cemetery.

Funeral: date of death of Mikhail Gorbachev

In 2013, news about the death of the ex-president appeared online. Many media outlets wrote that the politician had died. According to the tabloids, a representative of the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where Mikhail now lives, was the first to write that Gorbachev passed away. Many activists and political figures that day wanted to know where the politician was buried so they could pay their respects to him. However, within a day it became clear that such a message came from a fake page. Even today, you can find videos online with the title “Funeral: date of death of Mikhail Gorbachev,” which actually contain completely different information.

Instagram and Wikipedia Mikhail Gorbachev

The former influential politician and activist is today in old age and does not have accounts in in social networks and Instagram. Mikhail Gorbachev's Wikipedia reveals all the details of the ex-president's political life, as well as links to his literary works.

After the end of government activities, the politician not only wrote books, but also successfully acted in films and advertising. A list of all his documentary and feature film works can also be seen on his page in the World Internet Encyclopedia.

Mikhail Gorbachev - laureate Nobel Prize peace. During the time that Gorbachev led the country, an attempt was made to reform the Soviet system, the Cold War ended, troops were withdrawn from Afghanistan, and the USSR collapsed.

Gorbachev was born in the Stavropol region. In the post-war years, he had to combine study with work. In 1949, schoolboy Gorbachev was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for his hard work harvesting grain. In 1950, Mikhail graduated from school with a silver medal and entered the law faculty of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov without exams - this opportunity was provided by a government award. At the university he met his future wife Raisa Titarenko.

Misha Gorbachev with grandfather Pantelei and grandmother Vasilisa, late 1930s. (pinterest.com)

After receiving higher education Gorbachev was sent to Stavropol to the regional prosecutor's office, where he worked on assignment for 10 days. On his own initiative, he took up Komsomol work - he became deputy head of the Agitation and Propaganda Department of the Stavropol Regional Committee of the Komsomol. This is how his political career began.

In the mid-1960s, urgent recommendations came from Moscow to promote Gorbachev. In 1966, he was elected first secretary of the Stavropol City Committee of the CPSU. In the same year I visited abroad for the first time - to the GDR.

In 1978, after being elected secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, Gorbachev moved to Moscow with his family. Two years later, he joined the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee, from December 9, 1989 to June 19, 1990 - Chairman of the Russian Bureau of the CPSU Central Committee, from March 11, 1985 to August 24, 1991 - General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. On October 1, 1988, Mikhail Gorbachev took the post of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, that is, he began to combine senior positions in the party and state hierarchy.

March 15, 1990 at the Third Extraordinary Congress people's deputies USSR Gorbachev was elected president of the USSR. At the same time, until December 1991, he was Chairman of the USSR Defense Council, Supreme Commander-in-Chief Armed Forces THE USSR.

Gorbachev first became famous in Western political circles when he visited Canada in May 1983, where he went for a week with the permission of Secretary General Andropov. Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau became the first major Western leader to personally receive Gorbachev and treat him with sympathy.

In January 1987, at the plenum of the CPSU Central Committee, Gorbachev launched the policy of “perestroika”, in the development of which he carried out numerous reforms and campaigns, which later led to market economy, free elections, the destruction of the monopoly power of the CPSU and the collapse of the USSR.

Having come to power, Gorbachev tried to improve relations with the United States and Western Europe. One of the reasons for this was the desire to reduce military spending - the USSR was not able to withstand the arms race with the USA and NATO.

Gorbachev held four large bilateral meetings with United States President Ronald Reagan from 1985 to 1988, which marked a significant warming of relations between the USSR and the West.

Gorbachev played a key role in the unification of Germany, despite the fact that Margaret Thatcher and François Mitterrand tried to slow down the pace integration process and expressed fears of the possibility of new German “dominance” in Europe.

“In recognition of his leading role in the peace process, which today characterizes the important component life international community", On October 15, 1990, Gorbachev was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. On December 10, 1990, at the award ceremony in Oslo, instead of Gorbachev, on his behalf, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Anatoly Kovalev received the Nobel Prize.

On June 5, 1991, Gorbachev gave a Nobel lecture in Oslo, in which he emphasized the desire of the peoples of the USSR “to be an organic part of modern civilization, to live in accordance with universal human values, according to the standards international law", but at the same time preserve its uniqueness and cultural diversity.

On December 25, 1991, after the heads of 11 union republics signed the Belovezhsky Agreement on the termination of the existence of the USSR and the Alma-Ata Protocol to it, Mikhail Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR. From January 1992 to the present - President of the International Foundation for Socio-Economic and Political Science Research (Gorbachev Foundation).

Usually, famous personalities are subject to increased attention, and quite often they become the heroes of the latest gossip and scandals. M. whose death date interests many is no exception. Information about the death of the first and last president of the Soviet Union repeatedly appears on the Internet. But, as they say, you can’t wait: Mikhail Sergeevich is alive and well, which is what all the paparazzi want.

Biography of the great politician

Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev, whose date of death is not yet known, was born in the Stavropol Territory (the village of Privolnoye) on March 2, 1931. His parents were ordinary peasants - hardworking, not rich. This is probably why the future politician worked with his father as a combine operator during his school years, and then entered the Faculty of Law at Moscow State University. In 1953, he married Raisa Titarenko, who went down in history as the first lady of the USSR.

Gorbachev M.S., whose death date has not yet arrived, became a member of the CPSU party while still a student. His career developed very well; he held leading positions in the regional committee of the Stavropol Komsomol. He studied in absentia to become an agronomist economist, which later came in very handy. Since 1978, he has been in Moscow as Secretary of the Central Committee and is involved in the agricultural sector.

Supreme power and features of government

M. S. Gorbachev, whose date of death is only an invention of dishonest journalists, did not expect to receive the highest power in the country. But his chances were quite good, especially after a series of deaths of many party leaders in the eighties. Relying on the support of young Komsomol activists, already during the reign of Chernenko, Mikhail Sergeevich begins the struggle for power, which he comes to in 1985.

Gorbachev's reign was very peculiar. It was marked by serious political reforms, main task which was to end the stagnation. But most of these changes were poorly thought out and therefore were not accepted by society. Prohibition was completely criticized and led to a completely opposite effect: instead of fighting drunkenness, it spread the practice of moonshine throughout the Union and the emergence of counterfeit vodka.

The collapse of the great evil empire and the Nobel Peace Prize

Gorbachev, whose death date regularly appears in media mass media, carried out a large-scale restructuring in the country. Censorship weakened, but the standard of living of ordinary citizens worsened, and the Cold War ended (for which the politician received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990). But the deep crisis ended with the August Year and the collapse of the indestructible union. His supporters took advantage of the opportunity and divided the USSR into fifteen independent states.

Having stepped away from an important post, Gorbachev, whose death date, we hope, will not come soon, continues social activities. He is still one of the most popular Russian politicians with authority in the West. And although the assessment of his activities as head of a superpower is rather ambiguous, we can safely say that Mikhail Sergeevich is an extraordinary person.

What is he doing?

Several times a week, usually from Tuesday to Friday, the former head of state comes to the Gorbachev Foundation. The ex-president of the USSR continues to be involved in public and research activities, participates in expert discussions concerning the development of the world community.

In 2017, the ex-president of the USSR presented his memoirs “I Remain an Optimist” at the Moscow House of Books and met with readers. The book contains memories of life, starting from childhood, a story about the ascent to the pinnacle of power in the Soviet Union, and reflections on perestroika, the reasons for the collapse of the USSR. He is currently working on a new book based on his lectures.

For the past 26 years, Gorbachev has lived in the village of Kalchuga along Rublevo-Uspenskoye Highway. According to Meduza’s interlocutor, close to Gorbachev, a woman helps Gorbachev around the house. In addition, according to the law, he is still accompanied by security - four men who work in shifts and help Gorbachev move: the politician has a back pain and has to walk with a cane.

Immediately after his resignation in 1991, Gorbachev was given a pension of 4,000 rubles. Since 1994, he has received a pension of 40 times the minimum salary. Now it is 379 thousand rubles. According to his daughter Ksenia, who has been living in Germany for a long time, the elders and younger Gorbachevs No. “Nobody helps anyone,” she says. “He is a self-sufficient person who has secured his old age.”

General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee (1985-1991), President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (March 1990 - December 1991).
General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee (March 11, 1985 - August 23, 1991), first and last President of the USSR (March 15, 1990 - December 25, 1991).

Head of the Gorbachev Foundation. Since 1993, co-founder of New Daily Newspaper CJSC (from the Moscow register).

Biography of Gorbachev

Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev was born on March 2, 1931 in the village. Privolnoye, Krasnogvardeisky district, Stavropol Territory. Father: Sergei Andreevich Gorbachev. Mother: Maria Panteleevna Gopkalo.

In 1945, M. Gorbachev began working as an assistant combine operator together with by his father. In 1947, 16-year-old combine operator Mikhail Gorbachev received the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for high-threshing grain.

In 1950, M. Gorbachev graduated from school with a silver medal. I immediately went to Moscow and entered the Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov to the Faculty of Law.
In 1952, M. Gorbachev joined the CPSU.

In 1953 Gorbachev married Raisa Maksimovna Titarenko, a student at the Faculty of Philosophy at Moscow State University.

In 1955, he graduated from the university and was given a referral to the regional prosecutor's office of Stavropol.

In Stavropol, Mikhail Gorbachev first became deputy head of the agitation and propaganda department of the Stavropol Regional Committee of the Komsomol, then the 1st Secretary of the Stavropol City Komsomol Committee and finally the 2nd and 1st Secretary of the Regional Committee of the Komsomol.

Mikhail Gorbachev - party work

In 1962, Mikhail Sergeevich finally switched to party work. Received the position of party organizer of the Stavropol Territorial Production Agricultural Administration. Due to the fact that N. Khrushchev’s reforms are underway in the USSR, great attention is being paid to agriculture. M. Gorbachev entered the correspondence department of the Stavropol Agricultural Institute.

In the same year, Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev was approved as head of the department of organizational and party work of the Stavropol rural regional committee of the CPSU.
In 1966, he was elected 1st Secretary of the Stavropol City Party Committee.

In 1967 he received a diploma from the Stavropol Agricultural Institute.

The years 1968-1970 were marked by the consistent election of Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev, first as the 2nd and then as the 1st secretary of the Stavropol Regional Committee of the CPSU.

In 1971, Gorbachev was admitted to the CPSU Central Committee.

In 1978, he received the post of Secretary of the CPSU for issues of the agro-industrial complex.

In 1980, Mikhail Sergeevich became a member of the Politburo of the CPSU.

In 1985, Gorbachev took the post of General Secretary of the CPSU, that is, he became the head of state.

In the same year, annual meetings between the leader of the USSR and the President of the United States and leaders of foreign countries resumed.

Gorbachev's Perestroika

The period of the reign of Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev is usually associated with the end of the era of the so-called Brezhnev “stagnation” and with the beginning of “perestroika” - a concept familiar to the whole world.

The Secretary General's first event was a large-scale anti-alcohol campaign (officially launched on May 17, 1985). Alcohol prices in the country rose sharply, and its sales were limited. Vineyards were cut down. All this led to the fact that people began to poison themselves with moonshine and all kinds of alcohol substitutes, and the economy suffered more losses. In response, Gorbachev puts forward the slogan “accelerate socio-economic development.”

The main events of Gorbachev's reign were as follows:
On April 8, 1986, at a speech in Tolyatti at the Volzhsky Automobile Plant, Gorbachev first uttered the word “perestroika”; it became the slogan of the beginning new era in USSR.
On May 15, 1986, a campaign began to intensify the fight against unearned income (the fight against tutors, flower sellers, drivers).
The anti-alcohol campaign, which began on May 17, 1985, led to a sharp increase in prices for alcoholic beverages, cutting down vineyards, the disappearance of sugar in stores and the introduction of sugar cards, and an increase in life expectancy among the population.
The main slogan was acceleration, associated with promises to dramatically increase industry and the well-being of the people in a short time.
Power reform, introduction of elections to the Supreme Council and local councils on an alternative basis.
Glasnost, the actual lifting of party censorship on the media.
Suppression of local national conflicts, in which the authorities took harsh measures (dispersal of demonstrations in Georgia, forceful dispersal of a youth rally in Almaty, deployment of troops to Azerbaijan, deployment long-term conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, suppression of separatist aspirations of the Baltic republics).
During the Gorbachev period of rule there was a sharp decrease in the reproduction of the population of the USSR.
The disappearance of food from stores, hidden inflation, the introduction of a card system for many types of food in 1989. As a result of pumping the Soviet economy with non-cash rubles, hyperinflation occurred.
Under M.S. Gorbachev, the USSR's external debt reached a record high. Debts were taken out by Gorbachev at high interest rates from different countries. Russia was able to pay off its debts only 15 years after his removal from power. The USSR's gold reserves decreased tenfold: from more than 2,000 tons to 200.

Gorbachev's politics

Reform of the CPSU, abolition of the one-party system and removal from the CPSU constitutional status of “leading and organizing force”.
Rehabilitation of victims of Stalinist repressions who were not rehabilitated under.
Weakening control over the socialist camp (Sinatra doctrine). Led to a change of power in most socialist countries, the unification of Germany in 1990. End cold war in the USA it is regarded as a victory for the American bloc.
Ending the war in Afghanistan and withdrawal Soviet troops, 1988-1989
Introduction of Soviet troops against Popular Front Azerbaijan in Baku, January 1990, the result is more than 130 dead, including women and children.
Hiding the facts of the accident from the public Chernobyl nuclear power plant April 26, 1986

In 1987, open criticism of Mikhail Gorbachev's actions began from the outside.

In 1988, at the 19th Party Conference of the CPSU, the resolution “On Glasnost” was officially adopted.

In March 1989, for the first time in the history of the USSR, free elections of people's deputies were held, as a result of which not party henchmen, but representatives of various trends in society, were allowed to power.

In May 1989, Gorbachev was elected chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In the same year, the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan began. In October, through the efforts of Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev, the Berlin Wall was destroyed and Germany was reunited.

In December in Malta, as a result of a meeting between Gorbachev and George H. W. Bush, the heads of state declared that their countries were no longer adversaries.

For successes and breakthroughs in foreign policy there is a serious crisis lurking within the USSR itself. By 1990, food shortages had increased. Local performances began in the republics (Azerbaijan, Georgia, Lithuania, Latvia).

Gorbachev President of the USSR

In 1990, M. Gorbachev was elected President of the USSR at the Third Congress of People's Deputies. In the same year in Paris, the USSR as well as European countries, the USA and Canada signed the “Charter for new Europe", which effectively marked the end of the Cold War, which lasted fifty years.

In the same year, most of the republics of the USSR declared their state sovereignty.

In July 1990, Mikhail Gorbachev ceded his post as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to Boris Yeltsin.

On November 7, 1990, there was an unsuccessful attempt on M. Gorbachev’s life.
The same year brought him the Nobel Peace Prize.

In August 1991, a coup attempt was made in the country (the so-called State Emergency Committee). The state began to rapidly disintegrate.

December 8, 1991 at Belovezhskaya Pushcha(Belarus) a meeting was held between the presidents of the USSR, Belarus and Ukraine. They signed a document on the liquidation of the USSR and the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

In 1992 M.S. Gorbachev became the leader International Fund socio-economic and political science research (“Gorbachev Foundation”).

1993 brought new post- President of the international environmental organization"Green Cross".

In 1996, Gorbachev decided to take part in presidential elections, the socio-political movement “Civil Forum” was created. In the 1st round of voting, he is eliminated from the elections with less than 1% of the votes.

In 1999 she died of cancer.

In 2000, Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev became the leader of the Russian United Social Democratic Party and chairman of the NTV Public Supervisory Board.

In 2001, Gorbachev began filming documentary about the politicians of the twentieth century whom he personally interviewed.

In the same year, his Russian United Social Democratic Party merged with the Russian Party of Social Democracy (RPSD) of K. Titov, forming the Social Democratic Party of Russia.

In March 2003, M. Gorbachev’s book “The Facets of Globalization” was published, written by several authors under his leadership.
Gorbachev was married once. Spouse: Raisa Maksimovna, nee Titarenko. Children: Irina Gorbacheva (Virganskaya). Granddaughters - Ksenia and Anastasia. Great-granddaughter - Alexandra.

The years of Gorbachev's reign - results

The activities of Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev as head of the CPSU and the USSR are associated with a large-scale attempt at reform in the USSR - perestroika, which ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union, as well as the end of the Cold War. The period of M. Gorbachev's reign is assessed ambiguously by researchers and contemporaries.
Conservative politicians criticize him for the economic devastation, the collapse of the Union and other consequences of the perestroika he invented.

Radical politicians blamed him for the inconsistency of reforms and the attempt to preserve the previous administrative-command system and socialism.
Many Soviet, post-Soviet and foreign politicians and journalists assessed positively Gorbachev’s reforms, democracy and glasnost, the end of the Cold War, and the unification of Germany. The assessment of M. Gorbachev’s activities abroad of the former Soviet Union is more positive and less controversial than in the post-Soviet space.

List of works written by M. Gorbachev:
"A Time for Peace" (1985)
"The Coming Century of Peace" (1986)
"Peace has no alternative" (1986)
"Moratorium" (1986)
"Selected Speeches and Articles" (vols. 1-7, 1986-1990)
“Perestroika: new thinking for our country and for the whole world” (1987)
“August putsch. Causes and Effects" (1991)
“December-91. My position" (1992)
"Years of Hard Decisions" (1993)
“Life and Reforms” (2 vols., 1995)
“Reformers are never happy” (dialogue with Zdenek Mlynar, in Czech, 1995)
“I want to warn you...” (1996)
“Moral Lessons of the 20th Century” in 2 volumes (dialogue with D. Ikeda, in Japanese, German, French, 1996)
"Reflections on the October Revolution" (1997)
“New thinking. Politics in the era of globalization" (co-authored with V. Zagladin and A. Chernyaev, in German, 1997)
"Reflections on the Past and Future" (1998)
“Understand perestroika... Why is it important now” (2006)

During his reign, Gorbachev received the nicknames “Bear”, “Humpbacked”, “Marked Bear”, “Mineral Secretary”, “Lemonade Joe”, “Gorby”.
Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev played himself in feature film Wim Wenders "So far, so close!" (1993) and participated in a number of other documentaries.

In 2004, he received a Grammy Award for scoring Sergei Prokofiev's musical fairy tale "Peter and the Wolf" together with Sophia Loren and Bill Clinton.

Mikhail Gorbachev has been awarded many prestigious foreign awards and prizes:
Prize named after Indira Gandhi for 1987
Golden Dove for Peace Award for contributions to peace and disarmament, Rome, November 1989.
Peace Prize named after Albert Einstein for his enormous contribution to the struggle for peace and understanding between peoples (Washington, June 1990)
Honorary Award “Historical Figure” from an influential US religious organization - “Call of Conscience Foundation” (Washington, June 1990)
International Peace Prize named after. Martin Luther King's "For a World Without Violence 1991"
Benjamin M. Cardoso Award for Democracy (New York, USA, 1992)
International Prize "Golden Pegasus" (Tuscany, Italy, 1994)
King David Award (USA, 1997) and many others.
Awarded the following orders and medals: Order of the Red Banner of Labor, 3 Orders of Lenin, Order of the October Revolution, Order of the Badge of Honor, Gold Commemorative Medal of Belgrade (Yugoslavia, March 1988), Silver Medal of the Sejm of the People's Republic of Poland for outstanding contribution in the development and strengthening international cooperation, friendship and interaction between the People's Republic of Poland and the USSR (Poland, July 1988), Commemorative Medal of the Sorbonne, Rome, Vatican, USA, “Star of the Hero” (Israel, 1992), Golden medal Thessaloniki (Greece, 1993), Gold Badge of the University of Oviedo (Spain, 1994), Republic of Korea, Order of the Association of Latin American Unity in Korea “Simon Bolivar Grand Cross for Unity and Freedom” (Republic of Korea, 1994).

Gorbachev is Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Agatha (San Marino, 1994) and Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Liberty (Portugal, 1995).

Speaking at various universities around the world, giving lectures in the form of stories about the USSR, Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev also has honorary titles and honorary academic degrees, mainly as a good messenger and a peacemaker.

He is also an Honorary Citizen of many foreign cities, including Berlin, Florence, Dublin, etc.