Economy and ecology of the native land. Research work: “Ecology of the native village.” Extracurricular event on the topic

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Social project "Ecology" native land» Completed by a student of the 6th grade of the Municipal Budget Educational Institution “Zaborievskaya Secondary School” Khromov Daniil Supervisor Kulikova Irina Nikolaevna

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The existence of civilization on our planet is inextricably linked with natural conditions. Human activities are having an increasingly significant impact on the environment, which has led to the formation and deepening of numerous environmental problems. In order to attract public attention to issues environmental development Russian Federation, conservation of biological diversity and ensuring environmental safety, by decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, 2017 was declared the Year of Ecology and Specially Protected natural areas Russia.

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What is Ecology? The term “ecology” first appeared in the scientific community in 1866. Then it was proposed to use this word to name the branch of science that studies the existence of various communities of living beings interacting with each other and with their environment. natural environment. In 1990, at the International Congress of Ecologists, a definition was given: Ecology is a science that studies the interaction of living and inanimate nature.

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Environmental problems Forests enrich the atmosphere with much-needed oxygen for life and absorb carbon dioxide. They play a major role in the water cycle. Trees rise The groundwater, enriching soils and keeping them from desertification and erosion - it’s not for nothing that rivers immediately become shallow during deforestation. According to reports from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, 13 million hectares of forest are lost every year, while only 6 hectares grow. Deforestation

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Depletion of the ozone layer Ozone is a type of oxygen that is found in the stratosphere, approximately 12-50 kilometers from the Earth. For many centuries, people did not suspect the existence of ozone, but their activities had a detrimental effect on the state of the atmosphere. IN this moment Scientists talk about such a problem as ozone holes. Depletion of oxygen modification occurs for many reasons: launching rockets and satellites into space; operation of air transport at an altitude of 12-16 kilometers; emissions of freons into the air.

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According to experts, 10-15 thousand species of organisms disappear every year. Depletion species composition flora and fauna significantly reduces the stability of ecosystems and the biosphere as a whole, which also poses a serious danger to humanity. The process of biodiversity reduction is characterized by an avalanche-like acceleration. As of 2000, 415 species of animals are listed in the Red Book of Russia. This list of animals last years has increased one and a half times and does not stop growing. Humanity, as a species with a huge population and habitat, leaves no suitable habitat for other species. Declining biodiversity

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Water pollution People from time immemorial have used any river as a sewer. The greatest danger to the hydrosphere arose in the 20th century with the emergence of large cities and the development of industry. Despite the treatment facilities, which are able to prevent the transformation of a river or lake into a fetid slurry, they are not able to return the water to its former natural purity: increasing volumes of industrial wastewater and solid waste, dissolving in water, turn out to be stronger than the most powerful cleaning units. About half of the population of developing countries does not have access to sources of clean water, is forced to drink contaminated with pathogenic microbes and is therefore doomed to premature death from epidemic diseases.

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Nowadays, oil, as an energy resource, is one of the main factors in economic development. But oil production, its transportation and processing are invariably accompanied by losses, emissions and discharges harmful substances, the consequence of which is pollution environment. In terms of scale and toxicity, oil pollution represents a global danger. Oil and petroleum products cause poisoning, death of organisms and soil degradation. Natural self-purification of natural objects from oil pollution is a long process, especially in low temperature conditions. Enterprises of the fuel and energy complex are the largest source of environmental pollutants in industry. Oil pollution

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Soil is the guardian of fertility and life on Earth. It takes 100 years for a layer 1 cm thick to form. But it can be lost in just one season of thoughtless human exploitation of the earth. One of the modern environmental problems of the planet is land degradation. This concept includes all processes that change the condition of the soil, worsen its functions, which leads to loss of fertility. There are currently several types of degradation: desertification; salinization; erosion; pollution waterlogging; depletion of land as a result of its long-term use. Land degradation

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Currently, the problem of waste, due to its scale, is especially relevant. When producing a product, we should take into account not only its consumer benefits, but also its impact on the environment during production and disposal. Today, humanity has accumulated so much waste that it is seriously faced with the problem of its disposal. Waste refers to substances or waste that have lost their consumer properties and cannot be used. A classification of waste has been developed for safe waste management. Most substances can be used, the limitation of unsuitability is economic feasibility and the lack of advanced technologies. The garbage that we throw away can be a valuable raw material if we understand how to recycle this raw material cheaply. Waste

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The earth cannot support a huge number of people. According to scientists, 500 thousand is the maximum permissible number of people for our Planet. Today, this limit figure has been exceeded 12 times, and according to scientists’ forecasts, by 2100 it may almost double. But an increase in the number of people also means an increase in the use of natural resources, an increase in areas for agricultural and industrial needs, an increase in the amount of harmful emissions, an increase in the amount of household waste and areas for their storage, an increase in the intensity of human expansion into nature and an increase in the intensity of the destruction of natural biodiversity. Humanity today simply must contain its growth rates, rethink its role in ecological system Planets, and take on the task of building human civilization on the basis of a harmless and meaningful existence, and not on the basis of animal instincts of absorption. Overpopulation

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Ecological problems Ryazan region. The Ryazan region is located in the center of the Western European Plain, on the ancient Russian platform, and has a flat terrain. In the north there is the Meshcherskaya Lowland, in the west there are spurs of the Central Russian Upland (height up to 236 m). Its territory is well watered and populated. The Oka River divides it into two parts: northern – forest and southern, including zones deciduous forests forest-steppe.

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Environmental problems of the Ryazan region. The region is an old industrial region with a diversified complex. In the industry structure industrial production a large share falls on mechanical engineering and metalworking, significant shares are accounted for by oil refining, electric power, manufacturing building materials and food industry. The most important industries are oil refining and electric power. The production of building materials (Mikhailovsky cement plant of the Eurocement group, Skopinsky glass plant), leather production and its processing (JSC Safyan), non-ferrous metallurgy (Kasimov, Ryazan and Skopin) and powder metallurgy, and the production of chemical fibers have been developed. Developed industry creates environmental hazard in area.

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Environmental problems of the Ryazan region. Let's consider the most pressing environmental problems of the Ryazan region. Pollution atmospheric air. Emissions industrial enterprises, vehicle exhausts, fumes from forest and peat fires in summer period pollute the atmosphere. The ecology of the region suffers from forest fires, caused by rich peat deposits in the region. About 14% of the territory of the Ryazan region was damaged due to an accident at Chernobyl nuclear power plant. This part of the region has an increased radioactive background. The region has rich reserves drinking water, but, unfortunately, the water in them is of low drinking quality. Due to unauthorized cutting down of water-protective forests, the water level in the Oka River has dropped significantly. For this reason, some sections of the river became impossible to use for the passage of ships. Waste disposal problem. There is a system of specially protected areas in the region. Which includes: Oksky Nature Reserve, Meshchersky Park, Ryazansky Nature Reserve and others natural objects.

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At first glance, this is a quiet and unwise land under a dim sky. But the more you get to know it, the more, almost to the point of pain in your heart, you begin to love this ordinary land. And if I have to defend my country, then somewhere in the depths of my heart I will know that I am also defending this piece of land, which taught me to see and understand beauty, no matter how inconspicuous in appearance it may be - this thoughtful forest land, the love for which will not be forgotten, just as first love is never forgotten Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky (1892-1968) Meshchersky region

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Paustovsky's Trail In November 2016, students of our school took part in the launch of the regional social project "K.G. Paustovsky's Trail", aimed at introducing young people to the literary and artistic heritage of the Ryazan region.

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Environmental problems of our native land We were lucky enough to be born and live in this land of forest lakes and swamps, quiet and leisurely rivers, endless forests with their mushrooms and berries.

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Environmental problems of our native land Unfortunately, our amazing region is not spared from environmental problems. A large amount of household waste today is transported to unorganized landfills and forests. This stems from the simple lack of the required number of approved places for waste disposal and low level coverage of the population with organized waste collection systems. In recent years, the number of identified unorganized waste dumps has increased.

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Environmental problems of the native land Picturesque corners of nature have become a favorite vacation spot. The problem of forest conservation is particularly acute in places of mass suburban recreation (lakes near the village of Laskovo). Changes natural complexes arise from trampling of undergrowth, soil compaction and destruction of beautiful flowering and medicinal plants, pollution of forest lands, which is also a fairly common problem in the Ryazan region.

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Environmental problems of the native land The fires of the summer of 2010 caused enormous damage to the ecology of the Ryazan region. Was Now

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Environmental problems of the native land In the terrible environmental disaster, not only forests were damaged, several villages of the Ryazan region burned down, namely the village of Peredeltsy, Laskovsky village, as well as a small part of the village of Kriusha.

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Environmental problems of the native land. The negative consequences of a fire are enormous. It destroys trees, grass, animals and birds. A forest damaged by fire loses water protection, field protection and other functions. It creates favorable conditions for the mass reproduction of harmful insects and the spread of fungal diseases. In forest burnt areas, a different type of vegetation is formed, which leads to a change in the animal population. The hunting and commercial fauna suffers great losses, forest by-products (mushrooms, berries, medicinal plants) perish.

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Environmental problems of the native land. First of all, we need to start fighting not the consequences, but the causes of the environmental problem. To do this, we need to pay more attention to environmental education, especially among teenagers. Our school students actively participate in various environmental actions, organized by the Ryazan region. So, during a fire-hazardous period, a volunteer detachment participates in patrolling recreation areas on the territory of lakes Urzhinskoye, Segdenskoye and Laskovskoye. During their work, volunteers distribute leaflets and conduct conversations with vacationers on the topic of observing safety rules in forests.

Olga Evdokimova

ECOLOGY PROJECT

"We and to our grandchildren 2015» .

MBDOU kindergarten No. 47

Vladikavkaz

Senior group.

Teacher of the first qualification category

Evdokimova Olga Borisovna.

Type project: informational and creative.

Participants project: children senior group, teacher, parents.

Implementation period: short term.

Relevance project: Subject project« Ecology of the native land» .

IN modern conditions problem environmental education of preschool children acquires particular urgency and relevance. It is during preschool childhood that the formation of human personality, the formation began ecological culture. Therefore, it is very important to awaken children’s interest in living nature, cultivate a love for it, and teach them to take care of the world around them.

Target: Introduce children to nature native land. Formation of cognitive interest in nature in children native land, prerequisites ecological consciousness, organizations creative activity. The belief that the beauty of nature is priceless, therefore it must be protected.

Tasks:

Systematize knowledge about the world around us.

To form elementary ideas about the relationships in nature.

Cultivate a love for nature native land, perception of its beauty and diversity.

Develop children's search and research activities.

Expand and systematize knowledge about the flora and fauna of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.

To develop cognitive interest in the objects of the world around us through reading poetry about nature and through practical activities.

Develop coherent speech, enrich children's vocabulary, imaginative and variable thinking, fantasy, imagination, creative abilities.

Expected results project:

Expanding knowledge about the flora and fauna of our republic.

They will treat nature with care and master skills ecologically safe behavior in nature.

A desire to explore natural objects will be formed.

They will learn to observe individual natural objects and conduct simple studies of inanimate nature.

Developing curiosity in children creativity, cognitive activity, communication skills.

An object project activities:

Developmental environment and work with pupils, as the basis for the inclusion of older pupils preschool age To ecological culture of the native land.

Item project activities:

A system of work aimed at creating environmental consciousness and enrichment of knowledge of children of senior preschool age with native land, taking into account the leading principles of local history and consistency, taking into account the regional component allows us to improve environmental work in older preschool age.

Stage 1 project - preparatory.

Implementation strategy development project;

Setting goals and developing tasks;

Selection of teaching materials, development of lesson notes, excursions, observations;

Creating a subject-development environment (manuals, visuals, photo albums).

Block “Ossetia is the best, the best”. (Nature of North Ossetia and its uniqueness).

2. Block "Piroda Ossetia".

(knowledge about nature, relationships, diversity of flora).

3. Block "Animals of our the edges» .

(knowledge about typical representatives of our the edges, their adaptation to the environment; show food chains, adaptation to changes in environment).

4. Block "Let's protect nature".

(Problems ecology, security).

Stage 2 project - main.

Learning poems about nature native land;

Target: active participation of children in activities environmental education.

Using verbal methods.

Conversations about the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (introducing students to legends, fairy tales, stories, poems about our region).

Audio recordings about nature and wildlife - reinforcing the voices of animals and natural noises(noise of the forest, voices of birds, animals). Games “Recognize by the voice of birds”,

Upbringing environmental culture of pupils and respect for nature; compiling a fairy tale based on topic: "Forest in Trouble".

Reading fiction and educational literature - searching for new knowledge (about wild animals, wintering birds, etc.)

Using experimentation and modeling methods.

Experimenting with natural material – development cognitive activity natural material(volcano).

Creating layouts is a productive activity, using it in experiments.

Practical methods.

"The best feeder"

, "Nature's Complaint Book"- compiling creative stories for students. Participation in community cleanups and landscaping.

Creation of herbariums - search activities, consolidation of knowledge about plants, rules of behavior with plants. Compilation herbariums: "Trees of Ossetia". "Flowers and herbs of Ossetia".

Visual methods.

Looking at illustrations, postcards, photographs - to convey to students all the beauty of our the edges. "Nature of Ossetia", "Rivers of Ossetia".

Creating zones ecological environment.

Corner of educational literature (encyclopedias, fairy tales, legends, poems).

Mini-museum "My Ossetia". Photo albums, sets of postcards, booklets.

Ecological mini-laboratory. Experiment cups, filter paper, food paint, magnifying glasses, natural material : pebbles, sand, leaves, branches, cones).

Working with parents.

Conversations between parents and children about nature native land.

Assistance in compiling herbariums.

Participation in equipping a mini-museum.

Replenishment of fiction and scientific literature.

Doing homework (writing stories, natural crafts) .

Stage 3 project - final.

Quiz « Native love and know your land!”

Exhibition of children's activity products (drawings).

Creation of a mini-museum "Gifts of Nature".

I. Block “Ossetia is the most, the most”.

1. Reveal children’s ideas about nature the edges, its uniqueness.

a) How is it unusual?

b) What do you know about Ossetia?

II. Block "Animal world".

1. Reveal children’s ideas about insects and birds.

a) What birds and insects move through the air?

b) Identify the essential characteristics of birds.

c) Name the signs of insects.

d) What do birds and insects eat?

2. Identify ideas about animals in Ossetia.

a) What animals do you know?

b) What do they eat?

c) What animals go into hibernation?

d) What animals change their fur coat?

3. Identify ideas about river inhabitants.

a) Who lives in rivers?

b) Who eats fish?

c) What fish live in the rivers of Ossetia?

d) Determine the essential characteristics of fish (scales, fins, gills, eggs, body shape).

e) Can fish live without water?

III. Block "Vegetable world".

1. Identify ideas about trees.

b) Name the trees and their characteristics?

2. Reveal ideas about flowers and herbs.

a) What flowers do you know?

c) Where do flowers grow?

Literature

1. Zolotova E. I. “Introducing preschoolers to the world of animals”/Edited by N. F. Vinogradova. M.: "Education", 1988

2. Ivanova A. I. “Methodology of organization environmental observations and experiments in kindergarten." Manual for employees of preschool institutions. Sphere, 2003.

3. N. A. Ryzhova, Loginova L. "Mini - Museum in kindergarten". – M: 2008

4. N. A. Ryzhova « Ecological education in kindergarten" "Karapuz" M.: 2001.

V.I. Litvinova MDOU General developmental kindergarten No. 11, Tomsk
The word “ecology” has become firmly entrenched in our lives. We are observing the greening of all spheres of life, it includes various aspects - philosophical, economic, geographical, social, ethical, etc. This is where the ecology of the native land, region, city, home, soul, “ecological passport”, “ecologically friendly products” came from. and so on. Let's remember what ecology is. "Eco" is what is outside, around us. There is a translation from Greek: “oikos” - house, dwelling, location and “logy” - studying. Ecology is the science of the relationships of organisms and the communities they form among themselves and with the environment. Simply put, ecology studies the environment that surrounds any Living being, including humans, and the term itself has a broader meaning.
IN Lately many publications have appeared on environmental theme, including about Tomsk region. This material can be used to work with children in ecology classes, because Tomsk is our habitat, which means we are influenced by the state of nature in the Tomsk region. Tomsk ecologists offer many ways to protect nature. For example, one of the measures to improve the environment is the improvement and landscaping of populated areas - the creation of parks, squares, gardens, boulevards, street and intra-block landscaping, protective green zones around industrial enterprises. It is necessary and species diversity plantings. Gorzelenkhoz, the Botanical Garden, and flower growers take care of this. The city becomes more beautiful every year. How to protect people's work from vandalism? One way out is to educate people with beauty.
The balance in nature is easy to disturb; the life of living beings is very fragile. We see this in our own lives: due to air and water pollution, people get sick. Natural resources are depleted. How to save what little is left? How to use it rationally? How to preserve and improve your habitat? Knowledge about this needs to be given to children in a way that is accessible to their sensory, emotional and mental development. It is necessary to lay down a basic minimum of environmental knowledge for subsequent environmental education at school.
For several years I have been developing the topic: “Ecology of my native land.” The Tomsk region has many natural areas, mineral resources, and a diverse world of plants and animals. You can find many topics for environmental research in classes with children. For example, in the Tomsk region there are many deposits of clay, sand, and gravel. You can explore the properties of these objects of inanimate nature to your heart's content - sculpt them out of clay, play with water at the fountain, “catch” air in soap bubbles, and try to grind stones, simulating a tidal wave, and you can make “Easter cakes” from sand all year round- there is a special sandbox table for this. There is plenty of space for all these experiments in the Winter Garden; not every teacher would want to arrange “this” in a group room. In my work I use programs from S.N. Nikolaeva, N.A. Ryzhova,
N. Kondratieva (program “We”), other manuals on ecology, adapted for work in the Winter Garden. Some of the best, in my opinion, are “Ecology for Children”, “Ekolobok”, “Murzilka” by L.N. Erdakova. His publications on habitats are very helpful in my work. The topics presented in his manuals can be developed endlessly; there are no indifferent children in the classroom. Classes are held in the Winter Garden, at preschool educational institutions. The territory of the preschool educational institution is very interesting: there are small fragments of “wild” nature, there are several pine trees, under which boletus grows every year, there is an area with birch trees and a small lawn where boletus, white cape, russula or pigweed grow. These topics, of course, are also used in classes. The Winter Garden presents different types indoor plants, there is a "Living Corner" where hedgehogs live, guinea pig, rabbit, hamster, turtles, parrots, fish, snails and other living creatures. Situations with animals are played out in class: we cannot bring hedgehogs from the forest, because we will not be able to find many insects for them to eat, hedgehogs sleep in winter, and it is hot and noisy in the Winter Garden - you will not sleep. We are trying to force the children to behave quietly, because the Winter Garden is small forest, all the little animals and insects (spiders, snails, etc.) will hide from the noise, and they won’t see anyone. Children are proud of the Winter Garden, this is evident when they bring their parents and show them their favorite animal.
The entire program “Ecology of the Native Land” is divided into blocks:
"Inanimate nature". These include topics: “Water”, “Air”, “Soil”, “Rocks and Minerals”, “Cosmic Bodies”, “Sun”, “Moon”, “Constellations and moon calendar", "Space Travel".
II. "Living nature and its relationship with inanimate nature." Here we get acquainted with the biological objects of the Tomsk region, the city, the Winter Garden, their life cycles; ecosystems of fresh water bodies, swamps, taiga, and other forests. During the school year
a lot of practical work in the Winter Garden on caring for animals and plants, planting plants for yourself, for kindergarten, landscaping the territory of the preschool educational institution. This includes the topic “Man as a living being.”
"Ecology of our habitat." Here we spend environmental studies city, kindergarten, home, we work with the “Ecological Passport”, “Red Book”, we talk about nature conservation.
"Our planet is in danger." Here we are talking about water, air, soil pollution; about human behavior in nature, on the street, at home; carry out environmental activities, holidays and entertainment.
In classes, children will learn about the ecosystems of the Tomsk region, other regions of Siberia and globe, because it’s no secret that no matter where we live, we still influence the nature of the whole world. Scientists and progressive people of our time have been writing about this more and more often lately. The worsening environmental problems in our country and abroad threaten the existence of people all over the world. Not only the nature of the Earth requires protection, but also humanity - as a part of this nature. Intensive educational work is needed to develop an ecological culture of environmental management among the population. In the education system, the foundations of environmental consciousness and culture are laid in preschool childhood. But existing programs are mainly educational programs about the world around us. Teachers form in children a humane attitude towards living beings; this is, of course, a positive attitude towards nature, but it is no longer sufficient. We need an urgent change in people's consciousness and attitude towards nature.
Several years ago, the “Red Book of the Tomsk Region” was published. This is an official reference book compiled by Tomsk ecologists. It turns out that in the Tomsk region, 180 rare and endangered species of animals, plants, and fungi need protection due to a reduction in their numbers as a result of human activity, and some species may disappear. Despite various activities to preserve the nature of the Tomsk region, carried out by employees of "Oblkompriroda", environmental organizations and the "Society for the Conservation of Nature", the culture of the population is low. There are many examples of this, we will not dwell on them now.
Preschool childhood is the beginning of the formation of a person’s personality, his attitude towards himself and the world around him. How small man learn to relate to the world around him, so in adult life will apply the acquired knowledge. Children are instinctively drawn to nature, to living beings. During this period of their development, they learn everything with their senses and try to understand existence. Therefore, it is important to form in children a consciously correct attitude towards the natural objects and phenomena that surround them. It's hard to love what you don't know. The more children learn about the natural objects of our city and region, the more carefully they will treat them, the better they will begin to understand their needs for a clean and healthy environment and food. The role of the teacher is important here - how he presents this knowledge, this knowledge will remain, if not in the child’s memory, then somewhere in the subconscious. Our children now have a beneficial time to understand themselves in the world around them; when they grow up, they will have responsibilities, school, work, and hobbies. Classes are held different ways: this is a conversation, and practical exercises, and observation, and communication with living objects. Children discuss in class what kind of house they would like to live in, what the yard near the house should be like, what kind of apartment, etc. During such a conversation, it is not the teacher who teaches the children how and where they should live, but the children express their inner desire, the need for an environmentally friendly , aesthetic and harmonious with the nature of life. Children learn not to think thoughtlessly about the things of nature and everyday life around them, but to find the expediency of their use, for example: planting trees in the city for clean air; old things that are still wearable can be given to others; plastic dishes can be reused, etc. Children acquire practical skills and abilities. For example, plant seeds are sown. First they find out that there is a small plant “sleeping” inside; then - how to “wake up” it and grow it - warm it with your hands, plant it in the ground, water it, put it in a bright place warm place, and if you do it wrong, the seed will not wake up. In classes, children get acquainted with the life of natural objects, for example, with the life of trees. How they grow, grow old, what happens to them when they grow old and fall to the ground. You can touch the trees, they are warm even in winter. A tree can help difficult moments life: poplar will take away sadness, birch will give joy and heal. The child learns to find help from plants. “Look at the flower, be surprised, rejoice,” these words can help us too. This establishes a harmonious connection between the child and nature. Education takes place through natural objects: what a beautiful moss, a pine cone underfoot - we won’t take it, let it stay here, here they are beautiful, here they are in place, this is someone’s home, someone’s food. Everything in nature is expedient, if you remove one link in the food chain, an ecological disaster may occur. In the process of communicating with living beings, it is restored peace of mind, child's health. It is especially interesting for children to get acquainted with natural areas Tomsk district - their eyes light up. If you are careful, you can see and learn a lot that is not somewhere in Africa, but not far away, in the neighboring forest, for example, you can see a ferret or a hare. Children begin to fantasize, including themselves in various situations. This is a kind of training for correct environmental behavior.
Or work with the “Ecological Passport” - it contains all the trees and shrubs growing on the preschool grounds, icons of birds, insects, plants and other living creatures that live or sometimes appear on the territory of the kindergarten. Children suggest which bird or insect still needs to be marked on the “Ecological Passport”.
Parents help introduce children to the unique places of the city, region - these are nature reserves, specially protected areas, natural monuments (lakes, springs, etc.), Siberian Botanical Garden, University Grove, then talk about their trips. We discuss together how to have a good rest in nature and not harm it. These are traditional places for Tomsk residents to relax and gather wild plants. No police or environmental inspectors will be enough to protect these places. We need the good will of people, environmental culture
tour and ecological worldview. How we coped with this task will be shown in the near future.
As a result of four years environmental education and education children must distinguish wildlife from non-living; know about the life and needs of living organisms, about the ecosystems of the Tomsk region; learn to humanely treat animals in a corner of nature, care for the plants of the Winter Garden; have basic environmental culture: do not throw garbage, do not break trees, etc.

MBOU "Sizobugorsk Secondary School named after the poet M. Utezhanov"

Scientific and practical conference for schoolchildren:

“Ecology and Life”, dedicated to the Year of Ecology.

Topic of educational and research work:

"Ecology of the native village."

Completed by a student of 4 "b" class.

Utegalieva Anita

Classroom teacher:

Ismurzaeva Zulfiya Dyusenovna

Garbage is solid household waste (plastic packaging containers, aluminum cans, glass, cleaning and waste of food raw materials, paper, etc.), waste from industrial enterprises, the consequences of walking dogs on lawns, etc. Some nooks and crannies of the village and roadsides are littered with garbage. expensive...

Where does garbage come from? Main sources of waste:

• - Human
• - transport
• - the shops

Impact on the health of village residents.

Decaying garbage releases huge amounts of toxic substances that cause many diseases. Changes in plant communities, indirect impact on the fauna of our region. Soil erosion, which reduces fertility and contributes to changes in soil structure.. Synthetic polymers - thousands of plastic bottles, balls, containers, scraps and plastic bags - this is not a complete list of polymer materials found on our streets. When such substances are burned, as well as under the influence of ultraviolet rays, substances are formed that are very toxic. Mercury batteries, lamps, various types of paints can cause mental disorders and deafness.

Target: study the ecology of your native village. Take an active part in improving the environmental situation.

Relevance:

I consider my research topic to be the most relevant in our time. My village is mine native home . We live here. One thing that irritates me is that before we destroy ourselves, we will destroy the planet. The main problem is where to put the garbage.

And it’s not for nothing that 2017 has been declared the year of ecology. I propose to plunge into the ecology of our village.

Hypothesis: Find out whether pollution of the territory affects the ecology of the village?

At the very beginning of research work. I would like to know - What is ecology? There are many definitions of ecology.

Ecology is the science of environmental protection.

From the Greek term “oikos (dwelling) + 1огоs (teaching)” as the science of one’s own home.

I will add from myself: and his behavior in this house.

Environmental problems of the village.

What environmental problems have I identified in the village?

I notice that our village has a lot beautiful houses, fences, shops... The houses are well-kept, the fences are painted, along the streets, some of them have flowers and fruit trees planted. People should sweep, clean their yard and street. Nowadays we often see garbage that people have become accustomed to. This plastic bottles, film, bags of garbage. On every street there are abandoned houses that are a place for garbage to accumulate.

I began my work with a questionnaire addressed to schoolchildren, in which one of the questions was the following: “What would you like to see the natural environment in your native village?” Everyone had the same answer: pure water, fresh air, fertile soils, no hazardous pollutants.

I conducted a study and recorded places with an unsanitary condition: the territory of the former club, fields, banks, near the cemetery. Currently, the field has turned into a garbage dump: manure, plastic bottles, household waste. This is a real breeding ground for various diseases.

All in our hands.

Fight against garbage. The main ways to combat garbage are: increasing the culture of the rural population. At our school we have created special environmental programs, participation in actions, cleanup days, cool watch…

Installation of trash cans and waste bins in the village. I saw a large trash can only on the school grounds. The school has become much cleaner.

Many villagers burn garbage. But this method is environmentally harmful, because... When burned, many substances form a large number of toxic compounds that cause a number of diseases, including cancer.

Another method is recycling raw materials. But this method for our villages is something out of science fiction.

It’s not for nothing that they say that “clean is not where they clean, but where they don’t litter.” This means that it is necessary to bring to the consciousness of every resident the need to keep their native village clean.

A lot of work is being done at our school. These are: class hours, in lessons, extracurricular activities, cleanup days, various promotions.

• For a glass bottle to decompose, it takes 200 years, paper - 2-3 years, fabric products - 2-3 years, wooden products - several decades, a tin can - more than 90 years, a plastic bag - more than 200 years, plastic - 500 years .
• You can use garbage for good - use some of the plastic waste to arrange a flower garden, create various crafts, bird feeders, etc.; If possible, hand over glass containers to a collection point; Give clothes in good condition that are no longer worn to those in need; donate books and magazines to the library.

“Me and the ecology of my native land”

(environmental project)

Stage I – preparatory

Nature and me

Ecological problems

Stage II - research

Stage III – generalization of materials

I stage – Preparatory

Project object– forest planting, park, trees.

Subject of the project– excursions to the park, forest planting, cleaning the area, protecting trees, maintaining cleanliness and order.

Project hypothesis– through excursions, cleaning areas, protecting trees, it is more effective to develop research skills.

The goals of the project are to form environmental consciousness, to study the impact of excursions, cleaning the territory, and protecting trees on the development of research skills.

Project objectives:

1) Find out the condition of the park and forest plantations.

2) Study and analyze the literature on this issue.

3) Research“Me and the ecology of my native land.”

Nature and me(calm music sounds).

Hello to you, my native land,

With your dark forests,

With yours great river

And endless fields!

For every person, the concept of “Fatherland” is inextricably linked with nature. River, bank, grain fields and Birch Grove, taiga and steppe - all these pictures familiar from childhood merge into a single big image Motherland. To instill in the younger generation responsibility for the fate of nature and love for it and one of most important tasks today in performing multiplication natural resources. We must preserve and decorate our land.

It is impossible not to love your land, its unique nature, which is not only an object of admiration, creativity and health, but also of great importance natural resource- the source of wealth for our Motherland.

Words noted by D.K. Ushinsky: “And freedom, and space, the beautiful surroundings of the town, and these fragrant ravines and swaying fields, and pink spring and golden autumn wouldn’t be beautiful.”

Ecological problems

The study of nature cannot be imagined without direct observation and study of objects and natural phenomena; it is quite difficult to study without excursions. Is it possible to form conscious knowledge, for example, about the forest without direct access to nature? No!

We decided to take an ecological excursion to the park, to the forest plantation.

Ecological excursions has its own specifics. It lies in the fact that during the excursion, in addition to educational tasks, environmental problems are also solved.

During this excursion, we paid attention to the issue of nature conservation. We already knew that plants should be handled with care, do not break branches of trees and shrubs, do not pull them out by their roots. flowering plants, do not pick flowers from them. They told us about the Red Book and explained that in nature everything is interconnected and harmonious, and our task is to preserve this amazing and multifaceted world. We were assigned to carry out some useful work aimed at identifying disturbances in nature.

We found out the condition of green spaces, the degree of trampling of park areas, and forest plantings. Such work aroused great interest in us, the desire to do something useful, helps to educate careful attitude to nature.

II stage – Research

One of the most beautiful trees - birches - are planted both in the park and in the forest plantation.

In a clearing, on a hill,

By the window, among the fields

Blond birches are a symbol

My homeland!

The birch tree is a symbol of Russia, because we have so many of them. A symbol of youth, beauty, poetry. Sweet, simple, forever young Russian birch tree.

In our country, birch is the most common deciduous tree. We have up to forty species of birch. And in first place is the warty birch. The well-known birch is fluffy. They are very similar.

And how amazingly beautiful a birch tree is in its green dress in spring. The light she studies is capable of warming a chilled soul. How many songs have been composed about her, how many poems have been written! And everything seems to be not enough! For example, V. Musatov has a poem “Birches”.

Birches.

A yellow leaf in the forest is spinning

And lies at the feet of the birch trees...

Having met very coldy

With your head uncovered,

Birch trees won't catch cold,

Feet hidden under leaves.

No other country has as many birch trees as we have in Russia. Birch is in songs, riddles, and fairy tales. And how many rivers, villages, villages are named after our cheerful birch tree.

A birch tree grows in Volgograd, growing on the land that survived 200 days of fire. She remembers a destroyed city, bomb explosions, rivers of blood, the groans of the dying. We stood here to die soviet soldiers, survived and won.

For me, the birch tree is part of Russia.

She is, and will be, and was.

Knowing about the beauty and usefulness of birch trees, people do not think about their protection, they release cattle, tear them for brooms, some boys break branches, and in early spring they wound birch trees to extract sap. And we, as a whole class, also involved our parents, to take patronage of the park and forest planting. We often visit our sponsored places, take care of the trees, remove garbage, and make sure that people do not drive livestock into the park. We examine the small wounds on the birch tree. We treated the birch tree wound with Garden Var glue to help it heal faster. After the end of the juice secretion, the wound was covered with oil paint. Seeing how the kids diligently take care of the trees, the population of our village began to litter and release livestock less. We understand that in nature everything is interconnected, I would like to end with B. Zakhoder’s poem “About everyone in the world.”

The world needs them.

And midges are no less needed than elephants

You can't do without ridiculous monsters

Even without evil and ferocious predators!

We need everything in the world!

We need everything -

Who makes honey and who makes poison.

Bad things for a cat without a mouse,

A mouse without a cat can do no better.

Yes, if we are not very friendly with someone

We all really need each other.

And if someone seems superfluous

This, of course, will turn out to be a mistake.

III stage – Summarization of materials

In order to have something left as a memory, we decided to plant a birch tree each in the spring.

We already know the rules for planting trees: first, we dig holes to such a depth that the roots of the seedling fit in the hole; then, one holds the birch tree by the stem, and the other fills the hole with soil; We form a hole so that water does not flow away from the sides when watering. We all really like planting trees.

All people should take care of trees and water them every day. If people pollute the air, there will be fewer trees. People, don't pollute the Earth!

At the end of my speech I address all the guys.

There are many of us, guys.

May each of us

Even a bush for the garden

He'll plant it now.

Let it be better and more beautiful

Just like spring

Becomes ours