Download the project around the world forest and man. Summary of the lesson on the world around on the topic "Forest and Man" (Grade 4). VII. Homework

The forest is ecological a complex system, with multiple links. Trees, shrubs, lichens, grasses, mosses, fungi, animals and various microorganisms are all components of forests. Each plant or Living being is an integral part of the forest zone and is included in the food chain. Plants produce oxygen and sugar. Herbivores feed on plants and distribute their seeds. And predators feed on these herbivores.

Thus, the forest is the basis of the life of the animal world inside. Rivers, streams and various lakes are also an important component of the woodland.

(bamboo forest)

Forests grow in various conditions both cold and hot. Forests include not only coniferous, deciduous, mixed and evergreen. Jungle, taiga, selva and other green spaces are also forests. There are natural and artificial forests. The creator of the first is nature, and the second is man. Today, forests occupy 1/3 of the land, although in the distant past, forest lands were much more numerous.

The value of the forest in nature

In nature, forests are of great importance. Many species of plants grow in them, live a large number of animals and microorganisms. In addition, forests perform a number of natural tasks. One of them is the production and purification of oxygen. The amount of oxygen produced by one tree is enough for three people.

Another significant function of the forest in nature is to reduce the level of dust. Every year, 1 hectare of forest stops up to 100 tons of dust. Forests regulate and improve the water balance of water bodies located within or near the forest. This happens due to the fact that forest floor accumulates moisture formed in spring period. It is she who helps to keep the high water of rivers and reservoirs.

Forests serve as sound insulation, they are able to reduce the noise level from the road by 11 decibels. The woodlands prevent strong winds, increase humidity and air quality, and can moderate the climate. They serve as an air filter that purifies the air from harmful chemical substances. An important function of forests is to protect the soil from mudflows, landslides and various geological processes.

The value of the forest in human life

The forest has always played a huge role in human life. Today, the importance of forests is only increasing due to the fact that their number is noticeably decreasing. The role of the forest in human life can be divided into three components - ecological, economic and social.

The ecological role lies in the quality environment and conservation of nature. Every living being needs conditions to live. It is the trees that contribute to the fact that a modern person breathes clean air, has the opportunity to engage in agriculture and benefit from it.

For modern man the forest plays big economic role. In the forests, the wood from which they are made is growing. Construction Materials, paper, furniture wood fuel, food, material and medicinal products.

The main material resource is wood. But berries, mushrooms and medicinal plants, growing only in forests, are also in demand by man. Despite the fact that people are looking for a replacement forest resources, wood will always be in demand. Fossil fuels replacing wood are being depleted and are worth much more than wood. Replacement paper bags brought on plastic great harm land cover due to the fact that plastic is not recycled. timber industry often becomes a city-forming activity and requires a large number of workers and equipment. Therefore, the role of the forest will always be very important both for the environment and the modern world.

The social role of the forest is that it is a historical link. The forest is an element in the development of peoples, their cultures and their relationship to nature. Since ancient times, the forest has been a source of resources necessary for survival - here you can find food, water, and shelter. Folk songs, fairy tales and stories always separate an important role forest areas. Today, forests serve as a place for people to relax, relax and breathe fresh air.

Outline of the lesson on the world around us in grade 4

Shroo Tatyana Alexandrovna,

teacher primary school

MBOU "Special (correctional) comprehensive school No. 18"

RESTING-PLACE

PHARMACY

SOURCE OF CLEAN WATER AND FOOD

FUEL SOURCE

SOURCE OF WOOD

PHYTONCIDES

RESTING-PLACE

PROBLEMS

FELLING

ILLEGAL HUNTING (POACHING)

NATURE (FOREST) ​​SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE

EMC "School of Russia"
List of used literature: 1. Pleshakov A.A. From earth to sky atlas determinant for primary school students.-7th ed.-M.: Enlightenment 2006.2. Poem by S. Nikulina "Russian Forest"3. Book by Boris Zubkov "What the bat suggested"

Application. 1. "The fourth extra" Underline.
1. Pine, spruce, oak, saxaul.2. Fir, linden, polar willow, cedar.3. Dwarf birch, pine, bird cherry, oak.4. Cypress, maple, mountain ash, elm.5. Ash, apple, birch, palm.6. Sable, marten, badger, polar wolf.7. Bear, fox, lizard, jerboa.8. Monitor lizard, hedgehog, badger, owl.9. Viper, black grouse, wild boar, polar bear.10. Goitered gazelle, elk, owl, thrush.
2. How the forest zone is known. Connect the trees and the forest in which they grow with arrows.
Fir Birch Taiga Cedar pine Linden Alder Mixed forest Pine Larch Oak Broadleaf Forest Maple
3. Tasks. a). 60 kg of waste paper saves one tree that has been growing in the forest for over fifty years from cutting down. How many trees will students from one school save by collecting more than 720 kg of waste paper? How much waste paper does it take to save 27 trees?
b). Determining the amount of water given by the spring, tourists noticed that 2x liter jar filled up in 4 seconds. How much water does the spring produce in one hour?

(6.5 MB)

Attention! The slide preview is for informational purposes only and may not represent the full extent of the presentation. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.

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Goals:

• To form students' understanding of the importance of the forest in the life of nature and people.
• Familiarize yourself with environmental forest issues that have arisen through the fault of man, with security activities in the forest zone.
• To develop cognitive interest, to cultivate love and respect for nature, a culture of behavior.

Equipment: multimedia projector; interactive board; presentations "Forest and Man", "Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve"; Multimedia course "Lessons of Cyril and Methodius. The world around us. Grade 4". (CD); "Birds of Central Russia: Sounds of Nature - 2002," a compact disk (CD-ROM) contains recordings of the voices of birds of Central Russia. Roll magnetic plastic poster "Natural community of the forest" and illustrated magnetic cards from the Spectra set. Pleshakov A.A. Kryuchkova E.A. The world around us: Textbook for grade 4. Part 1. Pleshakov A.A. Kryuchkova E.A. The world around us: Let's check ourselves: A notebook for students in the 4th grade of elementary school: Part 1. Puzzles. Exhibition of student written (printed) reports: about medicinal plants of the forest, forest mushrooms, berries; on the use of wood; on the protection of forests, the Red Book of the Russian Federation. (Children get acquainted with the messages before and after the lesson).

1. Org. moment. Knowledge update.

Teacher. Guys, in the last lesson you got acquainted with the natural forest zone. And in order for you to be able to determine what our lesson will be about today, I suggest listening to poems performed by our students:

The forest fills the basket with mushrooms
And in reserve
Leaves a little...
After all, the animals of the forest
They eat mushrooms,
Therefore greedy
Entry into the forest is prohibited!
V. Shulzhik

Good for us in the forest!
As soon as I entered the bushes -
Boletus found,
Two chanterelles, boletus
And a green flywheel.
prickly hedgehog in front of me
Ran to his house.
Two titmouse in silence
They sang songs to me loudly.
I wandered far
Got blueberries there.
Now I take everything home.
Good for us in the forest!
G. Ladonshchikov

Children. We will talk about what the forest can give a person, and about caring for him.

Showing the 1st slide of the presentation "Forest and Man".

U. Imagine that you are in the forest, close your eyes.

Listening to a fragment of the audio recording "Birds of Central Russia".

U. What sounds did you hear in the forest?

D. Birdsong.

U. Do you remember what the air is like in the forest?

D. The air in the forest is clean.

U. Do you like to be in the forest? Why?

D. The forest is beautiful, interesting, many different plants, animals, birds sing.

U. The forest is very important for nature and man. Clean in the forest Fresh air. The beauty of the forests inspired poets, artists and musicians to create wonderful works of art, for example, the composer P.I. Tchaikovsky, artist I.I. Shishkin. Admire reproductions of forest landscapes painted by Ivan Shishkin.

Showing the second slide of the presentation "Forest and Man" I.I. Shishkin.

Mini quiz.

U. Remember which works read in class literary reading, these lines, and who is their author? (Three students read excerpts from poems by heart):

Sad time! Oh charm!
Your farewell beauty is pleasant to me -
I love the magnificent nature of wilting,
Forests clad in crimson and gold...
A.S. Pushkin"A sad time! Eyes charm!"

Forest, like a painted tower,
Purple, gold, crimson,
Cheerful, colorful wall
Standing above the bright meadow...
I.A. Bunin"Leaf fall".

Enchantress Winter
Bewitched, the forest stands -
And under the snowy fringe,
Motionless, dumb
He shines with a wonderful life ...

Is the sun in winter
On him his ray oblique -
Nothing trembles in it
He will flare up and shine
Dazzling beauty.
F.I. Tyutchev"Sorceress Winter".

D. Forests are our common wealth, we must be able to admire them, we must protect the forest.

U. Theme of the lesson: "Forest and man". In the lesson, we will talk about the role of the forest in the life of people and nature, get acquainted with the environmental problems of forests and the protective activities of people in the forest zone.

II. Check of knowledge.

Working with the multimedia textbook "Lessons of Cyril and Methodius. The world around us. Grade 4". (CD). Lesson 09. Natural areas of Russia.

U. What did you learn about the forest zone? (Students complete tasks on the interactive whiteboard):

a) Indicate the taiga zone on the map.

b) What plants are there in the taiga?

c) In what natural zone of Russia do oak, birch, maple, aspen grow?

d) For what natural zone are these plants and animals characteristic?

Design food chains using Spectra's "Natural Forest Community" illustrated magnetic cards (performed by 1 student).

Individual work on cards (work is performed by three students):

A) Add text: The forest zone is located ... the tundra zone. It is indicated by ... color on the map of natural areas. The forest zone is the most ... natural zone, which is located in ... the belt. The forest zone consists of... parts.

b) Correct errors in the text: Taiga is a deciduous forest, it occupies the smallest part of the forest zone. In the taiga Cold winter, summer is colder than in the tundra, so trees grow here that are especially demanding on heat: oak, cedar pine, birch, linden, maple, larch, spruce, aspen, fir, pine.

V ) Continue the sentences:

Three parts are distinguished in the forest zone: _____________________________

Closer to the south, mixed forests are replaced by ________________

In deciduous forests grow: _____________________________

Animals live in the taiga: ____________________________________

Summarizing the results of knowledge testing, marking.

III. Working on a new theme.

Solving riddles.

U. I propose to solve riddles, to think about the meaning of the forest in the life of nature and people:

Like on a stitch, on a track
I see scarlet earrings.
Bent over one
And I hit ten!
I bowed - not lazy,
I picked up a mug with a top.
(Strawberry) E. Blaginina

A family lives on a stump:
Mom, dad, brother and me.
We have one house, and the roof
Everyone has their own.
(Honey mushrooms) N. Pikuleva

Certainly not white
I, brothers, are simpler,
I usually grow
In a birch grove.
(Boletus) 3. Aleksandrova

This little guy is very strong.
naughty tooth,
Break it down first
And then eat.
(Nut) Unknown author.

U. What were the riddles about? Why do people come to the forest?

D. Collect mushrooms, berries, nuts.

U. What else does the forest give a person? What does it mean for nature? (Answers of children).

Show III, IV, V slides of the presentation "Forest and Man". Students read the content of the slides and make comments.

U. Since ancient times, the forest fed, warmed man. Wood served as a material for the construction and heating of the dwelling. From wood, people made household utensils, built huts, heated them with firewood and brushwood, wove bast shoes from bast, baskets from twigs, and boxes from birch bark. Our ancestors gathered berries, mushrooms, nuts in the forests, used medicinal herbs for healing from ailments, hunted wild animals.

Work with the textbook.

U. You will learn about the other significance of the forest by reading the article in the textbook "The role of the forest in nature and people's lives" on pages 106 - 107.

U. What other roles does the forest play? (Answers of children).

Showing the VI slide of the presentation "Forest and Man". The meaning of the forest.

IV. Fizkultminutka.

Here is a tall pine
She reaches for the sun.
Old oak above the glade
Spread the branches to the sides.
And below the mushrooms grow,
There are so many of them here today!
Don't be lazy and don't be shy
Look out for mushrooms!
It's good to walk in the woods!
But learning is fun!
O.V. Uzorova, E.A. Nefyodova

V. Continuation of the study of a new topic.

U. Is a person always fair in relation to the forest? Who do you think is responsible for the ecological problems of the forest? (Answers of children).

Reading by students of an excerpt from the story of K.G. Paustovsky "Squeaky floorboards".

Perhaps, most of all, the composer P.I. Tchaikovsky was helped by forests, the forest house where he stayed this summer, clearings, thickets ... this amazing air ...

The house was on a hill. The forests went down into a cheerful distance, where a lake lay among the thickets. There the composer had favorite place- it was called Rudy Yar.

The very road to the Yar always caused excitement. Sometimes, in winter, in a damp hotel in Rome, he would wake up in the middle of the night and begin to remember this road step by step: first along the clearing, where pink willow-herb blooms near the stumps, then through birch mushroom undergrowth, then across the broken bridge over the overgrown river and along Izvolu - up, into the ship's pine forest.

He remembered this way, and his heart was beating heavily. This place seemed to him the best expression of Russian nature...

He knew that today, having been there, he would return - and his favorite theme about the lyrical power of this forest side, which has long been living somewhere inside, will overflow and gush with streams of sounds. And so it happened. He stood for a long time on the cliff of Rudy Yar. Dew dripped from the thickets of linden and euonymus... The familiar land was all caressed by the light, illuminated by it to the last blade of grass. The variety and power of lighting caused Tchaikovsky to feel that something extraordinary, like a miracle, is about to happen. He had experienced this state before. He couldn't be lost. It was necessary to immediately return home, sit down at the piano and hastily write down what was lost on sheets of music paper.

Tchaikovsky quickly went to the house. In the clearing stood a tall sprawling pine. He called her "lighthouse". She made a quiet noise, although there was no wind. Without stopping, he ran his hand over her heated bark ...

Teacher.Upon learning that the forest had been sold to the merchant Troshchenko, who was about to cut it down, Pyotr Ilyich desperately tried "to prevent butchery from happening": he went to both the governor and Troshchenko. But, returning home, he nevertheless became an eyewitness of "meanness".

... "Will I have time?" thought Tchaikovsky... Tomorrow they will start felling the forest. What kind of meanness is this! ... The horses carried the carriage to the clearing. Someone up ahead shouted a warning. The coachman reined in his horses. Tchaikovsky stood up and grabbed the coachman's shoulder. From the foot of the pine tree, bent over like thieves, lumberjacks ran.

Suddenly the whole pine tree, from roots to top, shuddered and groaned. Tchaikovsky clearly heard this groan. The top of the pine swayed, the tree began to slowly lean towards the road and suddenly collapsed, crushing neighboring pines, breaking birch trees. With a heavy rumble, the pine hit the ground, trembled with all its needles and froze. The horses backed away and snored.

It was a moment, only one terrible moment of the death of a mighty tree that had lived here for two hundred years ... Tchaikovsky went up to the top of a fallen pine ...

There were birch branches broken off by pine trees. Tchaikovsky recalled how the birch trees tried to hold back the falling pine, to take it on their flexible trunks in order to soften the fatal fall - the earth trembled far around him. He quickly went home. Now to the right, then to the left, then behind was the rumble of falling trunks. And the earth still groaned just as stupidly. Birds darted over the felling ... Tchaikovsky kept accelerating his steps. He almost ran.

meanness! he muttered. - The abomination is monstrous! Who gave a person the right to cripple and disgrace the earth for the sake of some Troshchenko slobbering banknotes at night? There are things that cannot be estimated either in rubles or in billions of rubles. Is it really so difficult for these wise statesmen to understand there, in St. Petersburg, that the power of the country lies not only in material wealth, but also in the soul of the people! The wider, freer this soul, the greater the greatness and strength of the state. And what brings up the breadth of spirit, if not this amazing nature! It must be protected, as we protect the very life of a person. Descendants will never forgive us the devastation of the earth, the desecration of what rightfully belongs not only to us, but also to them ...

U. What environmental problem is K. Paustovsky talking about?

D. About deforestation.

Showing the 7th slide of the presentation "Forest and Man" At the deforestation.

U. See how timber is currently being harvested. Such paintings remain after the work of lumberjacks. What feelings do these photos evoke in you?

Our forests are in danger! We are not indifferent to the fate of the forest, we are concerned about this problem, which means that it is necessary to look for ways to solve it. What would you suggest doing to protect forests? (Collect waste paper).

U. Listen to the poem and say what kind of help schoolchildren can help in the conservation of forests is the author talking about?

Schoolboy, just one notebook
Let's save a quarter with you!
And the forests we saved
Say "thank you" to all voices.

Reading a poem (prepared students read).

U. Think about what environmental problems of the forest Anatoly Orlov writes about “About the tourist Fedya and the bear (how not to behave in the forest)”

Through thick green grass
The tourist "green" went on a campaign.
In silence rumbles "mage",
His backpack rattles to the beat.
The sun shines brightly in the sky
A cool wind blows in your face.
Fedya, - that was the name of the tourist, -
For the first time, they stormed the distance ...
- They melt, - know for yourself at the same time, -
In a bright pack of cigarettes.
Yes, matches are smoking in the bushes,
What throws out of habit ...
Here in a rowan jacket,
Picking up the toe of a shoe
Your cigarette butt, boy
Deliciously threw on a stump.
What a frightened bird
It took off from the nest.
Fedya shouted after her:
- Capercaillie big hello!
unfinished bottle
Threw it in a pile at the fork.
A ray jumps from the bottle
A hot stream in a heap ...
Heap of dried branches
It will flare up soon, like gunpowder.
- ... The guy is strong, full of strength -
From him, and the trace caught a cold ...
From a rocket launcher on a squirrel
It beats like a dash on a plate ...
In the midst of a thick windbreak
I decided to relax like at home.
And Fedya is soon to rest -
He lit a big fire.
I ate Snickers and drank tea. -
Full of fresh energy again.
And, without extinguishing the fire,
Hiding in the dark wilderness...
But behind Fedya's back
Smoke in a thick veil.
And around this time
The bear wandered quietly uphill.
See all his habit:
Looks - the forest is burning from a match ...
Where the fire was burning
The old forest is blazing.
From the burning heap to the thicket
The serpent is crawling, smoky with fire...
Here's a job thrown
Until the seventh, immediately, sweat!
The red skin smokes
Bear continues to beat
With a roaring fire.
- There was not enough time in the afternoon -
Extinguishes the evening, extinguishes the night,
To help the native taiga!
Anger in full strangles the bear:
- I'll cut off the bastard's ears.
Let him kill on the nose
How to behave in the forest.
But while extinguishing the taiga,
Fedya's trail has long since caught a cold ...
Yes, - thought the bear, -
Hundreds of Feds come to the forest.
Will not see every Fedya
Even a thousand bears.
Need to do to Fedi
Honored the Rules of the bears!
So that they, and all the boys
They were read like books.
Didn't smoke, didn't litter,
The forest was idolized in everything.
Take care of animals and birds
Without bad habits would go.
And then in the forest bears
Even Fedya will be happy!

U. What rules of behavior in the forest did Fedya violate? What act of such a grief-tourist led to a big trouble for the forest and its inhabitants?

D. Careless handling of fire leads to a fire in the forest.

Show VIII slide of the presentation "Forest and man". Forest fire.

U. Why is a forest fire dangerous? What should be done to prevent fires from starting a fire?

D. During a fire, forest dwellers die, the ecological balance and ecological ties are disturbed. To prevent fires, you must follow the rules for making a fire.

Work with the textbook.

U. Read the tutorial "How to make a fire" on page 111 in your textbook.

U. What else can not be done in the forest?

D. Break tree branches, destroy nests, make noise, litter.

U. This is what the forest can become.

Showing the IX slide of the presentation "Forest and Man". Dumps in the forest.

U. What harm do unauthorized dumps cause to the forest and people?

D. Pollute the environment, disturb the ecological balance, etc.

U. What other ecological problem of the forest do you know?

D. The killing of animals is one of the ecological problems of the forest.

U. What led to immoderate hunting?

D. To the complete or almost complete extermination of some animals.

U. What measures are being taken to protect and save forest animals by the state?

D. Hunting for forest animals is limited, poaching is punishable by law, rare and endangered animals and plants are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and are under special state protection.

Show X slide of the presentation "Forest and man". Red Book.

Show presentation "Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve".

U. Nature reserves have been created in the forest zone. You will learn about one of them by reading the presentation and the teacher's story.

In the south of the Moscow region, not far from the city of Serpukhov, there is the Prioksko-Terrasny State Natural Biosphere Reserve - a pearl of nature in the southern Moscow region. The reserve was established in June 1945 after the war. Its area is 4945 hectares. Most of it is covered with forests. In 1979, the reserve received the status biosphere reserve. 960 species of plants grow on the territory of the reserve, among them rare species listed in the Red Book of Russia. The pearl of the reserve is the areas of steppe vegetation surrounded by pine forests, located in the south of the reserve. This is a unique "Oka flora". Here you can see such rare plants for the Moscow region as pinnate feather grass, fescue, Bieberstein's tulip, Russian hazel grouse and other plants. steppe zone. 56 species of mammals live here. The inhabitants of the Russian Plain are wild boar, elk, badger, marten, weasel, hares: hare and hare. The wolf rarely comes. IN last years there are lynx and otter. Roe deer and beaver have been restored. The bird fauna includes 140 species. Numerous spring and summer pied flycatchers, finches, robins, rattlesnakes, big tits. There is capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse. As well as the black kite, kestrel, hawks - goshawk and sparrowhawk, tawny owl, little owl. Among the insects rare species butterflies mnemosyne, swallowtail, apollo, etc. In 1948, the Central bison nursery was organized in the reserve, which became the center for the restoration and breeding of bison in Russia. Animals are kept here in conditions close to natural. During the existence of the nursery, more than 600 purebred bison were born, 250 of them were settled in the forests of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania. Excursions are organized in the bison nursery.

VI. Consolidation.

Working with Spectra's "Natural Community of the Forest" magnetic poster and picture cards. With the help of cards, children show and talk about what human activities are aimed at benefiting forest community, and which, on the contrary, harms the forest.

U. Why do you think some people do not follow the rules of behavior in the forest?

Work in notebooks "Check Yourself". Pair check.

• Option I - task number 1. Supplement the scheme "The importance of the forest in nature and people's lives", p. 29.
• Option II - task number 2. Mark those animals that are listed in the Red Book and live in the forest zone, p.30.

VII. Homework.

VIII. Outcome.

U. What new did you learn in the lesson? What should a person remember when coming to the forest? (Answers of children). Everyone should think about how our descendants will see the forests, and whether the forest will be able to give them what it gives us now.

Grading.

Materials used.

1. O. Dmitrieva: Lesson developments for the course "The World Around": Grade 4: To the teaching method. set Pleshakov A.A. M.: VAKO, 2006.

3. Site of the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve http://www.danki.ru /

4. Site "Ecotravel" http://www.ecotravel.ru/regions/reserves/1/2/36/

Lesson type: combined

Target

– formation of a holistic picture of the world and awareness of a person’s place in it on the basis of the unity of rational-scientific knowledge and emotional-value understanding of a child personal experience communication with people and nature;

Characteristics of students' activities

Understand learning objectives lesson, strive to fulfill them.

Work in pairs: using the diagram and text of the textbook, disclose the role of the forest in nature and human life. Discuss ecological problems of the forest, suggest measures to protect it discuss rules of conduct in the forest using the book "The Giant in the Clearing". Extract from additional literature and Internet reports about plants and animals from the Red Book of Russia, prepare messages. Discuss ecological problems national park Elk Island. Characterize forest zones according to the plan.

Formulate conclusions from the studied material, answer final questions and evaluate achievements in the lesson.

Planned results

Subject (know, be able)

Know the role of plants in nature and human life, the rules of behavior in the forest.

Be able to give examples of representatives different groups plants and animals, to reveal the features of their appearance and life.

Metasubject (Regulatory. Cognitive. communicative)

P. - to build messages in oral form, to analyze objects with the allocation of essential and non-essential features. Establish cause and effect relationships.

R. - evaluate the correctness of the performance of the action at the level of an adequate retrospective assessment of the compliance of the results with the requirements of this task.

K. - determine the goals, functions of participants, ways of interaction

Personal Outcomes

A feeling of love for one's country, expressed in interest in its nature.

Skills of cooperation in different situations, the ability not to create conflicts and find a way out of controversial situations.

Basic concepts and definitions

House for plants, animals, mushrooms

Defender of air, reservoirs and soils.

Preparing for the assimilation of new material

Using the diagram, tell about the role of the forest in nature and human life. Expand some points in more detail using the text of the textbook

1. House for plants, animals, mushrooms.

2. Protector of air, reservoirs and soils.

3.Place for human rest

4. Source of berries, mushrooms, medicinal plants.

5.Wood source

Learning new material

THE ROLE OF THE FOREST IN NATURE AND HUMAN LIFE

The forest is the “lungs” of our planet, the protector of the air. Forest plants emit a huge amount of oxygen and absorb a lot of carbon dioxide. One hectare of forest absorbs as much carbon dioxide in an hour as it is formed during the breathing of two hundred people! The forest also cleans the air from dust. She settles on the leaves, and then the rains are washed off to the ground. The leaves of many trees release special substances into the air - phytoncides. They kill pathogenic bacteria. Forests located near cities and along roads clean the air well.

The forest is the protector of water bodies. People have long noticed: the rivers, along the banks of which the forest is cut down, become shallow. The fact is that in the forest, melt and rain water slowly seeps into the soil and from there gradually enters the river, “feeds” it. If the forest is cut down, the water quickly flows into the river along the surface of the soil. There may be flooding. But then there is no inflow of water into the river for a long time, and it becomes shallow.

The forest is also the protector of the soil. Wind and water currents quickly destroy the soil in those places where the forest is cut down.

The forest delights people with its beauty. Rest in the forest improves mood and strengthens human health. And how many mushrooms, berries, medicinal plants the forest gives us!

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND NATURE PROTECTION IN FOREST ZONES

environmental issues in these natural areas are mainly associated with deforestation, as well as with illegal hunting - poaching.

Previously, it seemed to people: there are so many forests that it is simply impossible to cut them all down. Now it became clear: the forests are in danger! Therefore, in the place of cut down forests, reforestation work is carried out, that is, new forests are planted. The tree seedlings necessary for this are grown in special nurseries.

To cut down fewer trees, you need to use more waste paper. From it you can get a considerable part of paper and cardboard. One ton of waste paper saves 10 mature trees from being cut down.

Under special protection are forest plants and animals included in the Red Book of Russia, for example lady's slipper (), ginseng (), beauty beetle (3), relict lumberjack (), stag beetle(5), mandarin duck(6), owl(7), bison(8), Amur tiger(9).

IN forest areas ah, a large number of reserves have been created and national parks. Among them Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve, national park Elk Island.

Comprehension and understanding of the acquired knowledge

DEPENDS ON EVERYONE!

The life of the forest, its inhabitants depends on everyone who happens to be in the forest. No one should forget that he is here on a visit to nature and is obliged to follow certain rules.

One of the simplest and important rules: do not leave garbage in the forest! The forest loses its beauty if it is littered. A person or even an animal can get hurt on sharp glass or a tin can. In addition, glass fragments seem to collect the sun's rays, and dry leaves or blades of grass can flare up from this. Then a fire will start in the forest

Fires are often caused by lighting fires in the forest. One small spark or ember can start a big fire. Even if there is no fire, then all the same, an ugly black spot will remain on the ground from the fire - a bonfire. It has not been overgrown with grass for many years.

When making a fire, people often choose a completely inappropriate place: next to trees or where branches hang low, where there is a lot of dry grass.

When leaving, many forget to put out the fire or do it somehow, and the fire flares up again. All this leads to a fire.

Independent application of knowledge

Study the note in the textbook. Which rules did you already know and which ones were new to you?

come up with conventional signs to these rules. Draw them in workbook

How to make a fire

1. Children should not make a fire alone, without elders.

2. A fire is needed in order to cook food or warm up. You can not breed it unnecessarily.

3. You need to carefully choose a place for a fire. There should be nothing nearby that could catch fire.

4. It is better to build a fire on an old fire pit. If it is not there, it is necessary to remove the turf (a layer of soil with plants) with a shovel and make a fire in the resulting hole.

5. When leaving, it is necessary to extinguish the fire: pour it with water or cover it with sand, and put the turf in place.

Let's discuss!

1. Air purity largely depends on the "health" of the forest. Does the "health" of the forest depend on the purity of the air?

2. Why do you think some people do not follow the rules of behavior in nature? What needs to be done to ensure that everyone treats nature with care?

check yourself

1. What role do forests play in nature and human life?

2. Explain why the forest is called the protector of air, water and soil.

3. How to behave in the forest?

4. Give brief description forest zones according to the plan given in the textbook.

Conclusion

Forests purify the air, keep rivers full of water, protect soils from wind and water flows. People admire the beauty of the forest, relax in it, pick mushrooms, berries, medicinal plants. In the forests there are plants and animals listed in the Red Book of Russia. Careful attitude to the forest is the duty of every person.

Tasks for homework

1.In the book "The Giant in the Field" read the stories “Your garbage is always with you”, “The fire is burning”, “White fairy-tale palace”. Analyze your behavior in the forest. What can these stories teach you?

2. With the help of additional literature, the Internet, prepare a message about one of the forest plants or animals listed in the Red Book.

3. Using the Internet, take an imaginary journey to national park"Lo Blue Island". What programs and environmental projects do the national park employees offer to children?

ForestAndHuman

Meaningforests

"Forest and Its Significance" 1965

Rational use and forest protection

Protectionforests

EventsByprotectionforests

Information sources:

SCHOOL OF RUSSIA GEF A. A. Pleshakov textbook, E.A. Kryuchkov workbook World around 4th grade Moscow "Enlightenment" 2014

Presentation Hosting the world

And what does it mean, heal, sounded in a poem?

2 student .There are many medicinal plants in the forest. Hawthorn - lowers blood pressure, lime blossom - used for colds, strawberries - rich in many vitamins, rose hips are also rich in vitamins. Especially here in the north many medicinal plants are useful, since the health of people is weaker.

Teacher : Where do we buy medicines?

Students: At the pharmacy.

Teacher: But these medicinal plants grow in the forest.

So the forest is also

Teacher: And how can it warm a person?

4 student. A person heats the house with firewood, and firewood is the trees that grew in the forest. That means forest.

Teacher . And what do flowers, bushes, mushrooms, trees do in the forest? (they grow there)

What about animals, insects, birds? (They live)

So the forest is their home.

4. Work with the textbook p.106.

Teacher: -You got acquainted with a new word for you, which is of great importance for the forest and man.

PHYTONCIDES

These are substances that are secreted by the leaves of plants. They kill pathogenic bacteria.

This is how important the forest is for humans and animals.

On the desk -FOREST SIGNIFICANCE

RESTING-PLACE

5. What should a person remember when entering the forest?

A game. Fly agaric when I see

Friends passing by. (Yes)

The chick fell out of the nest

We can't touch him. (Yes)

Who collects lingonberries

We tear out the bush with the root. (not me)

Who walks along the path

Don't step on bugs? (I)

We do not break branches

When we walk through the forest. (Yes)

We saw a hedgehog

And they took him home. (no)

We will find an anthill

Let's watch and leave. (Yes)

Lily of the valley narva in the forest

I'll bring it to my mom for the holidays. (No)

Fizminutka.

Hands raised and shook

These are the trees in the forest

Hands bent, brushes shaken -

The wind knocks down the dew

To the side of the hand, gently wave -

The birds are flying towards us

How they quietly sit down, we'll show -

Wings folded back.

6. Conversation about nature protection.

Teacher.

- Is a person always fair in relation to the forest? Listen to the poem:

Sasha was crying the forest was cut down,

She still feels sorry for him to tears.

How many curly birches there were!

There because of the old frowning fir

Red clusters of viburnum looked.

There rose a young oak,

Birds reigned at the top of the forest,

All sorts of animals lurked below.

Suddenly men with axes appeared.

The forest rang, groaned, crackled.

The hare listened and ran away.

What environmental issue in question in a poem? (About deforestation).

What other environmental problem can you name? (Illegal hunting-poaching).

On the desk.

— And what other problems does the forest have?

2 student.

From time immemorial, man has killed animals to get his own food, but this was necessary for the survival of people, but they killed as much as they could eat. Now immoderate hunting has led to the complete or almost complete extermination of some animal species. Currently, hunting for forest animals is limited, and poaching is punishable by law. Many species of rare animals are protected, and plants and animals listed in the Red Book are under special protection.

Display of the Red Book.

So another problem of the forest.

ILLEGAL HUNTING (POACHING)

7 . Independent work. (in groups)

Completing assignments in workbook no. 3 page 51. What environmental problems are reflected in the figures?

Completing assignments in workbook no. 4 page 51 Use the atlas guide.

8. What depends on each of us when he comes to the forest?

Why can't you leave trash in the forest? The flow of plastic bottles, bags, packaging film is 40% of all household waste. About bottles, cans, animals can get hurt.

. Why can't you make a fire? Animals and plants are dying. But this could not have happened. If a person observes the rules for making a fire and does not forget to extinguish it.

Listen to the poem "Forest Fire"

Forgetful hunter at rest

Didn't notice, didn't trample the fire.

He went into the forest, and the branches were burning down

And reluctantly smoked until the morning

And in the morning the wind dispersed the mists,

And the dying fire came to life

And pouring sparks in the middle of the clearing

Crimson rags spread out

He burned all the grass with flowers together

Burned the bushes green Forest went.

Like a frightened flock of red squirrels,

He darted from barrel to barrel.

And the forest hummed from a fiery blizzard,

Trunks fell with a frosty crack

And like snowflakes, sparks flew from them

Above the gray drifts of ash.

What act of man became a formidable disaster for the forest?

But this could not have happened if a person had followed the rules for making a fire and did not forget to put it out and make sure that the fire did not flare up again. Let's get acquainted with the memo "how to make a fire" page 107.

creative work#5 on page 52 (group work)

Working with SD Work in a group.

9. Summing up the lesson.

List the environmental problems of forests.?

From whom the forest suffers in the first place?

What should a person do in order not to reduce the number of forests?

How can we take care of the forests that are located next to us?

Have we answered all the questions posed at the beginning of the lesson? (which are written on the board)

Reflection

What knowledge have you discovered for yourself?

Where can new knowledge be useful in life?

What did you do well in class?

Who are the guys to thank?

To the poster on the board, students attach a flower petal of a certain color, corresponding to the student's mood and attitude to the lesson.

- Did you like the lesson? What did you learn in the lesson?

The sun hides in the fog

Forest dense, goodbye!

You protected us from the heat

Drink living water.

Gave health, fresh strength

And treated me to a hotel.

You grow up for the joy of people!

We will be friends with you.

good forest, mighty forest

Full of fairy tales and miracles!