Processing technology. How to effectively dispose of old household appliances. Tyumen region Utilization of household appliances

IN modern world each large organization has a lot of equipment on its balance sheet. These are computers, office mobile phones, copiers, and much more. Electronic devices facilitate the workflow and are an integral part of it. However, the constant development of technology leads to the fact that equipment becomes morally obsolete much earlier than its service life. For example, a personal computer or laptop purchased five years ago is considered obsolete. Just throwing it in a landfill will not work, special measures are needed. Such devices should be disposed of in order to save nature and, if possible, reuse their materials. Therefore, there is a demand for this service, and over time it will only grow: technologies move forward, the life of computers and office equipment is reduced, and the need for recycling will arise more and more often. Is it possible to earn money on this?

Business organization

To become a utilizer, it is necessary to draw up a number of documents. First of all, the disposal procedure is prescribed in the OKPD 38.21 and OKVED codes 38 and 10.37.22 as the processing of materials belonging to hazard classes I-IV. This means that in order to obtain a license, the company must have specialists with access to these types of work. If there are none, you will have to undergo training under the programs " Professional training persons for the right to work with waste of hazard class I-IV” and “Ensuring environmental safety by managers and specialists of general economic management systems”.

You also need a certificate of registration with the tax authority and a document on registration of an individual entrepreneur or legal entity. By order of the company, a specialist responsible for handling hazardous waste must be appointed. The rest of the documents are contracts for the acceptance of waste and for the lease of a land plot and a passport for technological equipment. Due to the fact that many of the devices contain precious metals, a certificate from the Assay Office (the so-called “jewelry license”) has yet to be issued. You won't be able to work without it.

Thus, the minimum start-up capital"utilizer" includes the following articles:

• State duty - 7.5 thousand rubles.
• Registration at the Assay Office - 10 thousand rubles.
• Training of specialists (2 people) - 80 thousand rubles.
• Legal assistance - 30 thousand rubles.
• Shredder for the destruction of rubber and plastic waste (used) - 150 thousand rubles.
• Workshop rental - 50 thousand rubles. per month.
• The minimum set of tools for dismantling and sorting - from 100 thousand rubles.

With such a budget, your company plays the role of an intermediary and does not carry out the disposal itself. You disassemble the equipment “for spare parts” and sell it to larger processing companies that have their own production facilities. Approximately 95% of recyclable devices go to such processing plants, and 5% that are unsuitable for disposal are thrown into landfills.

They are looking for counterparties, as a rule, on the exchanges of utilizers. This is usually how companies work, because organizing their own landfill for the processing of such waste requires investments of more than a billion rubles. At the same time, the profitability of such a business, according to the owners, is no more than 10-15%, and the money invested can be returned only after one and a half to two years.

Development prospects

The main direction for the future is the expansion of recyclable products: plastic bottles, aluminum cans, chemical wastes. New licenses and additional courses may be required. Also, along with office equipment, waste paper often accumulates in offices - you can offer services for its removal and further processing. If you have your own plant (for example, rented) - it is worth taking up processing household waste. Possible areas of activity are the production of concrete and bricks.

Eventually

When considering the features of the organization of such production, it is clear that the business is very specific and with such huge investments, to start full cycle work is completely unattractive to novice businessmen. Due to the peculiarities of the Russian mentality, the owners of firms worry little about the protection environment and by all means they try to send the used equipment to the landfill at minimal cost.

Probably, the demand for "utilizers" will not disappear, but only because the state "pressures" violating companies with fines. If, after the adoption of the next law, the authorities loosen their grip or completely lose interest in the problem of nature conservation, then the need for utilizers will disappear. If you can attract investment and build a processing plant a wide range waste – you will be able to find an approach to the market and meet its requirements. In the case of an “intermediary-sorter”, you will have to look for a new niche.

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Household appliances, even the most durable and reliable, break down over time or simply become obsolete. The question is what to do with it next? Disposal household appliances in our country is just beginning to develop as a business, it has not yet become widespread. Therefore, you can still see used household appliances on the garbage site.

Companies

After the write-off of electronics according to KOSGU, it ends up in a solid waste landfill and will gradually collapse, poisoning the atmosphere and soil with harmful substances. IN modern society there is every opportunity to stop the ecological catastrophe that threatens the planet. To do this, the write-off and disposal of old household equipment must be carried out in a civilized manner.

Private companies in all major cities offer the following most popular services:

• refrigerator recycling
• recycling of washing machines
• phones

These goods make up a list of the most popular scrap in the country, which is handed over to collection points. This is quite reasonable. For example, recycling of washing machines with the help of a specialized company is carried out due to the impressive dimensions of the machines. Not everyone has the opportunity to transport such a rather big device to the reception point. And if you order a cargo taxi, then it will cost a large amount than the pickup provided directly by the point of collection.

Mobile phones are on this list due to the high market dynamics. Every month, new gadgets appear on the shelves of stores, so the update is faster, unlike large household appliances.

Recycling from a business perspective

Some retailers have come up with an excellent marketing ploy: a customer trades in an old TV, cell phone, or computer and can purchase a similar one at a discounted price. Disposal organized in this way mobile phones and old household appliances promises benefits to all participants in the transaction, that is, the buyer, seller and recycling company, which is a very important link in the event. It is responsible for the further disposal of equipment.

• The trading company makes a profit due to a significant increase in sales, which fully justifies the discounts and transportation costs provided. old technology to a processing company.
• The disposal of old equipment gives the buyer the opportunity to get rid of obsolete devices and profitably purchase modern equipment.
• The recycling company receives not only valuable raw materials for processing, but also working copies that can be sold at a reduced cost.

Every business has costs. To register the costs that are associated with disposal cell phones and other household appliances, there is a regulatory act called KOSGU. KOSGU - classification of operations of the general government sector. According to KOSGU, export and processing are paid on the basis of sub-article 225. In addition, it is KOSGU that regulates the write-off of equipment at enterprises.

Write-off of household appliances: what benefits can be derived

Disposal of large household appliances, as well as small ones, is a profitable business, since almost all waste and components of refrigerators, televisions, washing machines and small appliances are recyclable. Their designs include plastic, non-ferrous and ferrous metals, glass, and electronics.

Each type of valuable waste after a certain processing technology is subject to reuse. The most important stage is the extraction and neutralization of hazardous chemical components. As a result, the possibility of environmental pollution with toxic substances and elements of heavy metals is excluded, and all expensive components are returned to production.

Disposal of household equipment, after the write-off according to KOSGU, allows you to get the following components from one old TV:

• Copper - 2 kilograms
• Aluminum - 1 kilogram
• Non-ferrous metals - 300 grams
• Silver - about 2 grams
• Gold - 0.3 grams
• Platinum - 0.01 grams
• Palladium - 0.02 grams

Less valuable components are plastic and glass. If processing takes on large-scale volumes, then even inexpensive types of raw materials bring a good income.

Processing technology

Write-off according to KOSGU and further processing old technology provides a specific technology for each type of waste:

• Old models of TVs and monitors undergo manual disassembly of the case, after cutting the kinescope, the screen is separated from the glass, then all useful parts and metals are removed.
• Refrigerators and freezers contain harmful substances, therefore, the disposal of equipment begins with a preliminary procedure for extracting freon. In the process of dismantling, you can get glass, plastic, metal. Copper parts are removed from the generator.
• Disposal of phones, computers and various types of office equipment also involves manual disassembly. Surviving parts can serve as spare parts. Precious metals are obtained from electronic circuit boards. Plastic and metal are recycled.
• Disposal of kitchen appliances - electrical and gas stoves, columns provides for dismantling and distribution for processing in accordance with their composition.

Foreign experience

Best of all, the timely write-off and disposal of equipment is established in Japan. The small size of the state and the high population, whose income level allows you to purchase technical innovations without waiting for the old devices to fail, led to the optimal solution to this problem. The business of recycling waste such as household appliances is booming in this country.

Serious attention was also paid to the program due to the lack of free territory on which solid waste landfills could be placed. Therefore, in a small state, the garbage disposal business is actively developing, more than a hundred factories are operating, the task of which is the disposal of obsolete equipment and other waste.

Recycling technology is a process in which the elements can be reused, and the remaining material, after passing through special equipment, turns into powder.

Further, the equipment recycling program provides for the separation of the resulting mixture into separate fractions. Steel chips are extracted with small magnets, special equipment blows out particles of light polyurethane, heavy metals are separated during the separation process due to magnetic field. Recycling of old equipment is completed when all its elements are collected in separate bunkers and are ready for further use in production.

The problem of disposal of household appliances in Russia

The program for the recycling of household equipment in Russia has not yet received distribution. The population does not receive sufficient information about the harm caused by waste equipment thrown into landfills, nor the opportunity to hand it over for recycling. Only a few cities were able to partially solve the problem and actively start processing waste equipment by installing special bunkers in the yards, where the population can take out used household appliances.

But until they appear in every city and every yard, the ecology of our planet, and hence the health of the population, will be seriously threatened.

According to the UN, 1.6 million tons of electronics and equipment are thrown away in Russia every year. Only 5 percent of this amount is sent for recycling. The Recycle correspondent visited the RETEKO enterprise and saw how the processing of office equipment and equipment is going on.

– The company's activity began with the provision of services for the processing of scrap and waste of precious metals. In the future, in order to expand the types of services provided, we began to offer a service for the disposal of computer and office equipment, - tells the director of the enterprise Alexander Suvorov.

The company has been operating in the office equipment recycling market for 10 years. The company is located in the suburbs of Novosibirsk, the city of Ob.

It receives decommissioned office equipment from enterprises of the city and the region, more than 10,000 units per month.

Almost all types of office equipment, from a computer mouse to system block are made using precious metals.

According to federal law"On Precious Metals and Precious Stones", organizations are required to keep records of precious metals and precious stones in all types and conditions, including precious metals and gems, which are part of the main and working capital, purchased components. Violation of this rule leads to fines for entrepreneurs.

In this regard, the disposal of office equipment is carried out only by specialized enterprises registered with the State Assay Office. The processing of office equipment takes place in several stages. First, the batch is evaluated, then manual disassembly begins.

Incoming equipment is disassembled into components: capacitors, connectors, transistors, microcircuits, resistors, switches, relays, etc.

When processing office equipment, useful secondary materials are obtained, which can be divided into several types of plastic, namely: ABS plastic, PS - polyester, RK - polycarbonate.

Plastic parts are sorted according to the marking and sent to the crusher.

Shredded plastic is valuable secondary raw materials and goes to the Novosibirsk polymer production.

Then aluminum, copper, iron, lead, glass, magnesium, cobalt, nichrome are collected separately.

Payments are also sorted. For example, foreign-made boards are considered “poorer” in terms of the content of valuable metals.

All small parts are disassembled manually or mechanically.

Manual disassembly is a painstaking and time-consuming process.

During a shift, workers disassemble about 300-500 kg of various devices.

Now the company employs about 70 employees. says the director.

All component parts of parts and wires are sorted by the type of metal they contain.

Non-ferrous and precious metals are extracted immediately in their pure form, or sent for additional processing.

This is the EUREKA 15 installation, in the photo - the process of pure copper exit through a magnetic separator.

This is what unrefined gold looks like.

The extracted secondary metals are sent to metallurgical plants.

Photo: Vitaliy Kotan, specially for Recycle.

We will conduct a technical review. We provide deeds.

Instant write-off

We will write off any equipment quickly and free of charge.

Disposal

We will load, remove and dispose of the equipment free of charge.

ATTENTION!!! The free disposal service is provided for:

Moscow and Moscow region from 70 pieces of equipment or 600 kg.
For the regions of the Russian Federation from 200 pieces of equipment or 1500 kg.
Or by agreement of the parties.

The scheme of work is simple, there are two options:

• we do a complete free disposal with all regulations or "almost" free, making a profit from the processing and sale of secondary raw materials (plastic, metals, copper, precious metals)
  

  The recycling service includes:

  Free disposal of office equipment in Moscow, MO and all of Russia and other equipment with full

  Free export of office equipment in Moscow, Moscow Region or all of Russia from your warehouse or a group of warehouses with our loading



• Or We officially buy from you the office equipment we are interested in using a regular sales contract. You write off and get rid of your old equipment and get good money for it.

In any case, disposal and removal of office equipment free of charge (subject to simple terms) is carried out in all regions of the Russian Federation, you can also earn some money. Working conditions, of course, are individual in each case and are discussed with our managers.

ATTENTION!!! Disposal is a licensed activity, After 01.07.2016 implementation of the recycling service without NOT ALLOWED! Work only with the owner of the license!

How can a service be free?

It's all in the line of the contract:
The cost of disposal works is compensated by the involvement in the secondary circulation of useful components extracted as a result of processing and disposal of the transferred Equipment.

And that's it! We dismantle equipment, extract and neutralize hazardous chemical components, then electronic scrap goes to refineries to extract precious metals, and plastic, ferrous and non-ferrous metals go to the corresponding processing plants. The profit received covers our expenses for the disposal of your equipment.

But if, ALL OF A SUDDEN, You insist on paid disposal and do not want to overpay, the Recycling service will cost you only 1 ruble per piece of equipment. In fact, it's FREE.