Table of the USSR and international conflicts of the late 1960s. The USSR and international conflicts. Tasks for independent work

conditions of the wartime economy. The general crisis that engulfed the Soviet Union by the end of the 1980s was determined primarily by the weakness of its economy, destroyed by overwhelming military spending. During the last 25 years of the existence of the USSR, we lived not just in a war economy, but in a war economy. It was hidden from the people that during this period more than one trillion five hundred billion rubles were spent on military needs.

All our official propaganda in the "stagnant years" she trumpeted to the whole world that "the USSR is a bulwark of peace and socialism." And the “champions of peace”, meanwhile, fulfilled and overfulfilled plans for the production of weapons and military equipment, built tanks and aircraft in 2-3 shifts, monthly launched 5-6 military men into space aircraft, annually blew up 15-20 nuclear or hydrogen bombs and were the largest seller of weapons in the world. According to American experts, in different countries The world has about 50 million Kalashnikov assault rifles and about 8 million units of the American M-16 rifle.

Confrontation between the USA and the USSR. Regional wars and military conflicts with the use of conventional weapons have been going on since the end of World War II to the present. In a number of cases, they were the result of a military confrontation between the two great powers of the USA and the USSR in various points the globe. The total number of deaths during these regional wars by the beginning of 1990 had reached 17 million people.

Our leaders day and night vowed in words that they were peaceful, but in reality it was not so. Stalinist socialism, with its militancy, has always instilled fear in people and posed a threat to the whole world. Stalinism and neo-Stalinism are saber-rattling and interference in the internal affairs of not only border sovereign states but also distant overseas countries.

Chronicle of military actions of the USSR. Below is a list of the main military actions carried out both directly by the USSR and with its participation against the closest neighbors for "our interests" in the post-war decades.

• 1948 - "siege" of West Berlin. Blocking by Soviet troops of land transport links between the FRG and West Berlin.
• 1950-1953 - war in Korea.
• 1953 - the suppression of the uprising in the GDR by Soviet troops.
• 1956 - the suppression of the anti-communist revolution in Hungary by Soviet troops.
• 1961 - the construction of the 29-kilometer Berlin Wall in one night on August 13. Berlin Crisis.
• 1962 - secret importation of Soviet intercontinental ballistic missiles With nuclear warheads to Cuba. Caribbean crisis.
• 1967 - participation of Soviet military specialists in the "seven-day war" between Israel and Egypt, Syria, Jordan.
• 1968 - the invasion of the troops of the USSR, the GDR, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria into Czechoslovakia.
• 1979 - entry Soviet troops to Afghanistan. Beginning of the ten-year Afghan war.

Countries where Soviet soldiers fought. In addition to world-famous military operations with official participation Soviet army whether in the form of "liberation campaigns", or as part of a "limited contingent of troops", our "warriors-internationalists" in civilian clothes or in the form of "natives", or in repainted tanks and planes were in the ranks of the army in North Korea, Laos, Algeria, Egypt, Yemen, Vietnam, Syria, Cambodia, Bangladesh, Angola, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Cuba. Bolivia, Grenada - more than twenty countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America.

On May 21, 1991, the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper published, with the permission of the USSR Ministry of Defense, far from full list countries where Soviet military personnel took part in hostilities - "warriors-internationalists" with an indication of the time of the battles. It is reproduced in Table 1 below with the addition of a column on the debt of these countries to the Soviet Union for military aid.

The price of "disinterested help"."Disinterested help", according to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR E.A. Shevardnadze, who spoke at the XXVIII Congress of the CPSU, amounted to 700 billion rubles over 20 years. This means that we were throwing 35 billion rubles into the wind every year just for military supplies to the former socialist countries and the countries of the "third world" in order to convert them to the communist faith.

Handouts to "our friends" with planes, tanks, helicopters, missiles, mines cost the USSR too much: Egypt, Somalia, Ghana, Congo, Grenada, having walked a little shoulder to shoulder with our military specialists "along the path of socialist orientation", returned to the path of normal development . In February 1990, as a result of general free elections and the defeat of the Sandinistas in the elections, Nicaragua turned off "our" path. Well, when the USSR disappeared, almost all other regimes of “socialist orientation” were defeated or transformed.

Tens of thousands of Soviet servicemen in civilian clothes laid mines, ambushed and raised Kalashnikov assault rifles and the banner of the national liberation struggle against "world imperialism" in dozens of "third world" countries. Not all of these volunteers returned to their homeland healthy and unharmed. Many of them were destined for the fate of the "unknown soldier" with an unmarked grave or in African jungle, either in the sands of the Sahara or the Golan Heights.

Table 1
Participation of military personnel of the USSR in hostilities
after World War II

This conclusion is supported by the data financial management Ministry of Defense of the USSR for 1989. 2.4 billion rubles were allocated for the pension maintenance of 1 million 280 thousand veterans of the armed forces and participants in wars. Of these veterans, 832,000 people receive long service pensions. 111,000 people received disability pensions, among them those who "sniffed gunpowder abroad", and, finally, 239,000 people received pensions for the loss of breadwinners - those "unknown soldiers" with unmarked graves.

"Volunteers under duress." The surviving "volunteers under duress" gave the "competent authorities" a subscription not to disclose "state secrets" - about "their business trips" to Somalia, Mozambique, Grenada, etc. Only on June 30, 1989, the veil of secrecy that surrounded our "warriors-internationalists" was slightly opened and the government decided to extend to them the benefits and benefits provided for participants in the Great Patriotic War and for military personnel serving in the Republic of Afghanistan.

USSR as a supplier of weapons. For the last 25 years of its existence, the Soviet Union was the world's largest arms supplier. The share of the USSR in the total volume of arms supplies to all countries of the world reached 40% in the early 1980s, and for some types of military equipment and weapons it reached 50% (Kalashnikov assault rifles and tanks). In the early 1980s exported 25% of all weapons and military equipment produced in the USSR. Our competitors - the USA, France, Great Britain, China - recognized suppliers of weapons - are left far behind. For example, in 1985, the share of the United States in world arms supplies was 27%, France - 12%, Great Britain - 5%, China - 3%.

Numbers. Analysis of the supply of products by all industrial complexes(metallurgical, fuel and energy, machine-building, etc.) for enterprises of the military-industrial complex, military science, the armed forces, the KGB, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and other special calculations showed that in 1989 485 billion rubles were allocated “for defense” . Knowing that the enterprises of the military-industrial complex produced consumer goods (television sets, radios, tape recorders, etc.) worth 30 billion rubles, we believe that industry spent 455 billion rubles on defense.

Let us add to this sum of expenditures the funds allocated for military development - no less than 10 billion rubles and for military science - no less than 15 billion rubles. We get that the total military spending of the USSR (without transport and communications) amounted to at least 480 (455 + 10 + 15) billion rubles in just one year.

According to official data, in 1989 the gross national product amounted to 924 billion rubles, and the generated national income - 656 billion rubles. Then our “defense” spending reached mind-boggling figures - 51.9% of the gross national product or 73.1% of the national income produced, which confirms the complete collapse of the Soviet economy, overstrained by unbearable military spending.

This insane arms race in the last quarter of a century of the existence of the USSR and reckless (rather criminal in relation to its people) assistance to everyone and everything contributed to the ruin of our country and bringing the people to complete impoverishment.

Option 1

1 In what year was the SALT-2 treaty signed?
1) in 1965
2) in 1970 3) in 1979
4) in 1983
1 2 3 4
2 Which event happened before the others?
1) the beginning of the eighth five-year plan
2) adoption of the third Constitution of the USSR
3) death of L.I. Brezhnev
4) the introduction of a five-day working week for workers and employees

1 2 3 4
3 The writer, author of the novel The Gulag Archipelago, was expelled from the country.
1) A.I. Solzhenitsyn
2) A.D. Sakharov 3) A.D. Sinyavsky
4) I.A. Brodsky
1 2 3 4
4 What enterprise was built in the second half of the 1960s - early 1970s?

1) Moscow car factory them. I.A. Likhachev
2) Ural Automobile Plant
3) Volga Automobile Plant
4) Gorky Automobile Plant

1 2 3 4
5 What was one of the preconditions for detente of international tension?

1) the USSR's refusal to build socialism
2) the huge advantage of the USSR in the number of accumulated weapons
3) awareness by the world community of the impossibility of winning a nuclear war
4) termination cold war

1 2 3 4
6 Read this passage from international agreement and indicate the year it was signed.
Governments French Republic, the United Kingdom and the United States of America declare that links between the Western Sectors of Berlin and the Federal Republic of Germany will be maintained and developed, bearing in mind that these sectors are still not integral part the Federal Republic of Germany and will not be governed by it in the future.

1) in 1965
2) in 1971 3) in 1981
4) in 1983
1 2 3 4
7 Usage official of his official position for the purpose of personal enrichment, contrary to the law and moral principles, is

1) inflation
2) stagnation 3) bureaucracy
4) corruption
1 2 3 4
8 What was done during economic reform A.N. Kosygin?
1) completely canceled state production planning
2) the number of standard targets increased
3) the Supreme Council of the National Economy was created
4) enterprises got the opportunity to independently manage part of the profits

1 2 3 4
9 Arrange these events in chronological order.
1) signing the OSV-1 agreement
2) the entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan
3) clash with China near Damansky Island
4) signing final act Conferences on Security and Cooperation in Europe

Answer:_____.
10 What was characteristic of the socio-economic development of the country in the period 1964-1985? List two characteristics out of the five suggested.

1) a decrease in the importance of funds from the sale of oil and gas for the country's economy
2) the USSR was fully self-sufficient in products Agriculture
3) specific gravity manual labor in industry was no more than 10%
4) transition to a five-day work week
5) population growth

Answer:_____.
11 Establish a correspondence between the names of political figures and the facts of their biographies.

FACTS FACTS
A) L.I. Brezhnev
B) Yu.V. Andropov
C) A.N. Kosygin 1) Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR in 1964-1980
2) Minister of Defense of the USSR in 1976-1984
3) the author of the books "Small Earth", "Renaissance" and "Virgin Land"
4) Chairman of the KGB of the USSR in 1967-1982

A B C
12 Read an excerpt from the memoirs of a participant in the events and indicate the year missing in the text.

Exactly at 12 noon on August 25, _____________, we sat on the parapet near the Execution Ground and unfurled the slogans: “At’ zije svobodne a nezavisle Ceskoslovensko!” (Long live free and independent Czechoslovakia"), "Shame on the occupiers!", "Hands off Czechoslovakia!", "For your and our freedom!", "Freedom for Dubcek!" Almost immediately there was a whistle, and KGB officers in civilian clothes rushed towards us from all parts of the square: they were on duty on Red Square, waiting for the Czechoslovak delegation to leave the Kremlin. Running up, they shouted: "Beat the anti-Soviet!"

Answer:_____.

Give at least two examples international treaties signed by the USSR during this period.

"thaw
24. Who is the author of the story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” A) Simonov B) Vasiliev C) Solzhenitsyn G) Pasternak
25. The time of L.I. Brezhnev’s rule in history was called A) perestroika B) stagnation C) breakthrough D) new political thinking
26. Gerontocracy means A) the power of the communists B) the power of the old C) the rule of the few D) the power of women
27. The largest military conflict of the USSR in 1969 on Damansky Island occurred A) with China B) with Germany C) with Poland D) with Japan
28. Approximate equality, balance missile nuclear weapons between the USSR and the USA is A) strategic parity B) sovereign democracy C) cold war-d) lend-lease
29. Which of the following refers to the consequences of the policy of M.S. Gorbachev a) democratization electoral system b) intensive development of the economy of the USSR c) raising the standard of living of the population d) formation of a multi-party system e) strengthening the role of the CPSU in society f) easing international tension1) a d f2) b c e3) b d f4) c f
30. The socio-political life of Russia in the 1990s was characterized by A) the struggle for freedom to leave the country B) the underground distribution of banned literary works C) the holding of uncontested elections D) ideological pluralism
31. What was included in the concept of "shock therapy" A) "liberation" of prices B) nationalization of property C) support for state enterprises D) social support for the population
32. What is typical for Russia at the beginning of the 21st century a) building a civil society b) economic crisis c) restoring the church unity of Russian Orthodoxy d) Russia’s participation in international conflicts e) solving the demographic problem f) huge external debts1) a c e2) c d a3) d e a4) b d e
33. Technologies based on the atomic assembly of objects and changing objects and materials at the molecular level are A) high-end technologies B) nanotechnologies C) molecular technologies D) biotechnologies
34. The transition of state property to private is called A) conversionB) privatizationC) nationalizationD) monopolization
35. Which of the above refers to the reasons for the confrontation between the Supreme Council and the President of the Russian Federation? A) the development of a new constitution B) the dissatisfaction of the deputies of the Supreme Council with the resolution of the activities of the Communist Party) B. Yeltsin's desire to revive the principles of socialist economy D) the dissatisfaction of the deputies with the introduction of the post of President of the Russian Federation
36. The activity of the Councils of all levels was terminated A) in 1991 B) in 1992 C) in 1993 D) 1995
37. Authors of the Russian anthem A) S. Mikhalkov, A. Aleksandrov B) M. Dunaevsky, A. Pakhmutova C) M. Tariverdiev, S. Dobronravov D) M. Blanter, M. Isakovsky
38. Which of the following refers to Russia's foreign policy in 1992 - 1999? A) the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan B) joining the NATO Partnership for Peace program C) the conflict with China D) Russia's participation in peacekeeping operations in Vietnam and Afghanistan
39. Which of the following events occurred in 2000? A) an agreement was signed on the reduction of strategic offensive potentials (SOR) B) an agreement was signed on the formation of the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) C) a Union State was formed as part of Russia and Belarus D) nuclear weapons were eliminated on the territory of Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan
40. For development national culture 2000 - 2009 is characterized by A) an increase in the number of theaters B) an increase in funding for museums C) an increase in the number of museums D) all of the above
41. Which of the following persons is a writer? Indicate three of the six suggested.1) V. Bitov2) A. Sokurov3) A. Solzhenitsyn4) P. Lungin5) V. Pelevin6) V. Bortko
42. Select famous Russian athletes of the early 21st century. A) A. Skokan, A. German B) I. Glazunov, D. Vishneva C) I. Rodnina, A. Zaitsev D) A. Nemov, A. Karelin.
43. In 2000, films were created A) "Island", "9th Company", "Idiot" B) "Burnt by the Sun", "Checkpoint", "Ring of the Nibelungs" C) "War and Peace", "Kalina Krasnaya", “Only old men go into battle” D) “Seventeen Moments of Spring”, “Three Poplars on Plyushchikha”
44. The development of Russian cinema in 2004-2007 is characterized by A) an increase in the number of series about the mafia B) the creation of domestic high-budget films C) an increase in the number of children's films D) the invitation of foreign directors for productions;

The middle and second half of the 1960s were characterized by the continuation of the Cold War. Gradually, the military potentials of the two superpowers - the USSR and the USA leveled off. Military-strategic parity has been established. But this only exacerbated the struggle for influence in the world, primarily on developing countries.

1. The USSR and major regional conflicts

In the second half of the 1960s, several regional conflicts took place in the world. The largest among them are Vietnamese and Middle Eastern. In 1965, the United States launched military operations against the communist North Vietnam (Democratic Republic Vietnam, DRV), who tried to annex by force South Vietnam where there was a pro-American regime. Gradually neighboring Laos and Cambodia were involved in the war. The war in Indochina turned out to be protracted and bloody. In the United States itself, it was perceived as a "dirty war." The Americans left Vietnam only in 1973, having suffered heavy losses. In 1975, all of Vietnam was unified under the rule of the North Vietnamese communists. Throughout the entire Vietnam War, the USSR provided the DRV and South Vietnamese partisans with great assistance with weapons, equipment, various equipment, medicines, and sent military specialists to Vietnam. Vietnam War contributed to the aggravation of the Soviet-American confrontation in various parts of the world.

Tasks foreign policy USSR in 1950-1970s.

The Middle East conflict, which has not stopped since the emergence of Israel in 1948, flared up with new force in 1967 As a result of the "six-day war" in IN 1967, Israel, using the surprise factor, defeated the armies of Egypt, Syria and Jordan, captured the Sinai Peninsula, the Golan Heights and the western coast Jordan river, incl. East Jerusalem. Many Palestinian Arabs were forced to leave their homes and became refugees. The USSR took a decisive pro-slave position, distributing diplomatic relations with Israel. Over the following years, the USSR supplied Arab countries weapons and various equipment, provided them with loans, supported their demands for the Israelis to leave the occupied territories. Fierce anti-Zionist propaganda was carried out in the USSR. With the support of the USSR, Egypt and Syria in 1973 tried to return the lost territories by force and destroy Israel. However, this war, which began, it would seem, successfully for the Arab countries, ended in their defeat. After that, Egyptian President A. Sadat began to search for a compromise with Israel, culminating in the signing of the Camp David Peace Treaty with Israel in 1979, which was branded in the USSR as a betrayal of all-Arab interests. In the future, the main support of the USSR in the Middle East was Syria and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).

The international position of the USSR in the late 1960s - present. 1970s In the late 1960s - early 1970s. international position The USSR has improved a lot. Many world leaders realized that it was necessary to abandon the policy of the "cold war" and move on to detente international tensions between states with different systems. This was largely due to the fact that the USSR achieved military-strategic parity with the United States during this period. By this time, the Soviet Union already possessed ground-to-ground and ground-to-air intercontinental ballistic missiles and a nuclear submarine fleet.

Tasks of the USSR in the field of foreign policy Normalization of relations between East and West: detente of international tension and its limits. Close economic and military-political cooperation between the countries of the socialist camp and the elimination of the threat of its collapse. Support for communist, national liberation and pro-Soviet movements and regimes.

Detente of international tension Detente of international tension (in the media simply detente) is a policy aimed at reducing the aggressiveness of the confrontation between the countries of the socialist and capitalist camps. Achievement of military parity of the USSR - the USA, the Warsaw Treaty Organization - NATO 1968 - an agreement on the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons between the USSR, the USA and Great Britain

Detention of international tension 1971 - the adoption by the XXIV Congress of the CPSU of the Peace Program, designed to mitigate the military confrontation. During the years of detente, particularly significant progress was achieved in solving the German problem. This is largely due to the coming to power in Germany of the Social Democrats, led by Chancellor Willy Brandt. Willy Brandt

Detention of international tension August 1970 - an agreement between the USSR and the FRG on the recognition post-war borders in Europe. The FRG recognized the western borders of Poland and established diplomatic relations with the GDR. December 1970 - an agreement between the Federal Republic of Germany and Poland on the inviolability of borders. December 1972 - an agreement between the FRG and the GDR on the establishment of normal good-neighborly relations and the inviolability of the existing border between them.

Detention of international tension September 1971 - agreement between the USSR, USA, Great Britain and France on West Berlin. West Berlin was recognized as a separate state that was not part of the FRG.

Detente of international tension The solution of the German problem and the achievement by the end of the 1960s. military-strategic parity prompted the USSR and the United States to seriously address the problem of limiting the race strategic weapons. 1972 - President Richard Nixon's visit to Moscow, the signing of an agreement between the USSR and the USA on the limitation of strategic nuclear weapons (SALT-1), limiting the number of ballistic missiles. 1973 - L. I. Brezhnev's visit to the United States, signing an agreement on the prevention nuclear war. In 1972 - 1973 23 agreements were signed between the USSR and the USA on cooperation in various fields.

Soyuz-19 was piloted by Soviet cosmonauts Alexei Leonov and Valery Kubasov, Apollo was piloted by US astronauts Thomas Stafford, Vance Brand and Donald Slayton. July 1975 - joint Soviet-American space flight "Soyuz-Apollo"

CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe. Helsinki. July 30, 1975. The USSR delegation in the conference room. Strengthening Security in Europe Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (1975, Helsinki)

CSCE August 1, 1975 - Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe; signed by the leaders of 33 European countries, the USA and Canada. Proclaimed: Sovereign equality; Non-use of force; Inviolability of post-war borders; Peaceful settlement of disputes; Non-interference in internal affairs; Respect for human rights; Fulfillment of international law.

Detente of international tension and its failure However, in the second half of the 1970s. Soviet-American relations began to deteriorate. After the signing of the Final Act of the CSCE, the Soviet Union decided to deploy missiles in Eastern Europe medium range SS-20, which were not limited to agreements on strategic weapons.

Detente of international tension and its failure 1979 - signing of the SALT-2 treaty between the USSR and the USA. By that time, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan had begun and the US Congress refused to ratify SALT II. Nevertheless, in practice, both sides respected it. Jimmy Carter and Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT-2 treaty. Vienna, 18 June 1979

Detente of international tension and its failure Western Europe « cruise missiles"and medium-range missiles" Pershing-2 "capable of reaching the territory of the USSR. Relations between the USSR and the West deteriorated sharply after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979.

Detente of international tension and its failure A new aggravation of relations with the West falls on September 1983, when Soviet air defense shot down a South Korean passenger liner. US President R. Reagan decided to speed up the creation of a strategic defense initiative (SDI), that is, to create a "space shield" over the United States. In the USSR, SDI was called the program " star wars”, R. Reagan called the Soviet Union an “evil empire”.

Relations of the USSR with the countries of the socialist camp in the 1970s. - deepening economic (CMEA) and military-political cooperation (OVD) of the countries of the socialist camp. CMEA building in Moscow. Meeting of the CMEA Executive Committee

Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia In the spring of 1968, the new leadership of Czechoslovakia, headed by Alexander Dubcek, undertook a series of reforms that were supposed to expand the economic independence of enterprises and revive the democratic political system. Czechoslovak leaders sought to create "socialism with a human face". The time of these transformations was called the Prague Spring.

Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia In Moscow, Dubcek's policy was seen as a way to lose the Czechoslovak communists' monopoly on power and a threat to the collapse of the Warsaw Pact. August 1968 - entry into Czechoslovakia of the troops of the USSR, Poland, Hungary, East Germany, Bulgaria. Conservative forces led by Gustav Husak came to power in Czechoslovakia.

Prague, August 1968 "Molotov cocktails" in ATS tanks Demonstration in Helsinki against the entry of ATS troops into Czechoslovakia Poster of demonstrators Alexander Dubcek

"Brezhnev Doctrine" The invasion of Czechoslovakia demonstrated that Soviet leadership proceeds from the principle of limiting the sovereignty of countries of Eastern Europe. In the West, the name "Brezhnev Doctrine" appeared. Essence: the sovereignty of any socialist state has a subordinate character in relation to the interests of strengthening socialism.

Vietnam War 1965 - 1973 - US aggression in Vietnam. In 1965, the United States launched military operations against the communist North Vietnam (DRV), which was trying to annex South Vietnam, where there was a pro-American regime, by force. The war turned out to be protracted and bloody, in the United States itself it was perceived as a "dirty war". The Americans left Vietnam only in 1973, having suffered heavy losses. Vietnam was unified under the rule of the North Vietnamese communists. Throughout the war, the USSR provided assistance to the DRV and South Vietnamese partisans with weapons, equipment, equipment, medicines, and sent military specialists to Vietnam.

Division of Vietnam Clockwise from top left: US Marines during the Tet Offensive; loading american soldiers into helicopters, Operation Wahiawa, May 1966; 1968 NLF guerrilla base camp burning down; civilians killed in Milai, March 1968

Soviet-Chinese relations relations between the USSR and China became openly hostile. 1969 - border armed conflict over an attempt by China to seize the disputed Damansky Island on the Amur River by force.

Crisis in Poland At the turn of the 1970s - 1980s. an acute political crisis erupted in Poland. The economic policy of the Polish leadership, focused on external loans while maintaining the administrative management of the economy, led the country to a huge external debt and an increase in prices. Strikes began in Poland, led by the Solidarity trade union, led by Lech Walesa. 1981 - the introduction of martial law in Poland, the leaders of "Solidarity" were arrested or expelled. Lech Walesa

USSR and developing countries During the 1960s - early 1980s. The USSR actively strengthened its positions in the developing countries. Major partner Soviet Union in the "third world" was India, which received a lot of economic assistance. The USSR provided political support, as well as military and economic assistance to the countries of Asia, Africa, Latin America (Iraq, Syria, Libya, Angola, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nicaragua).

USSR and developing countries 1967 - "six-day war" in the Middle East. Israel, using the surprise factor, defeated the armies of Egypt, Syria, Jordan, captured the Sinai Peninsula, the Golan Heights and the western bank of the Jordan River, including East Jerusalem. The USSR took a decisive pro-Arab stance and severed diplomatic relations with Israel. Over the following years, the USSR supplied the Arab countries with weapons and various equipment, provided them with loans, and supported their demands for the Israelis to leave the occupied territories.

Conclusion At the turn of the 1970s - 1980s. the policy of detente was replaced by a new round of international tension due to the mutual distrust of the USSR and Western countries, their tough confrontation around the world.