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The best way spend the weekend - go to the forest to pick mushrooms and berries. About what dangers await you on " quiet hunt"The Main Directorate of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations for the Pskov Region will tell you.

Danger #1 - Snakes

Snakes, as a rule, are found in the pine-pine forest landscape, along the edges of swamps, in clearings and clearings, near streams and forest rivers. In spring and autumn, snakes are active from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m.

In most cases, an encounter with a snake can be avoided if you follow the basic rules of behavior in dangerous places:

When wandering in tall grass, through swamps, through stone scatterings, through dead wood, you need to wear high boots and thick woolen socks; Tight trousers, not tight to the body, tucked into shoes;

To avoid being bitten by a snake, watch your step carefully to avoid stepping on it; It wouldn’t hurt to have a stick pointed forward either. Vipers have a weak sense of smell and hearing; the sudden appearance of a person can prevent the snake from hiding in a timely manner;

Do not sit on fallen trees, stumps, etc., without first inspecting them;

Under no circumstances should you check tree hollows, voids under roots, or rodent holes with your hands.

When you see a snake, it is better to walk around it rather than try to kill or drive it away.

If the bite could not be avoided, then it is necessary to immediately provide the victim with complete rest in a horizontal position. Try to immediately deliver it to the nearest medical institution. The victim's independent movement is unacceptable!

Danger #2 - Mushrooms

About 2 thousand species of mushrooms grow in Russia, of which 300 species are edible, but only 60 end up on the table. The rest are poisonous or simply inedible, and have an extremely unpleasant taste and smell. Poisonous mushrooms, when eaten, cause various disorders in the human body, including fatal outcome. TO poisonous mushrooms include: fly agarics, pale toadstools, small types of umbrellas, stitches, cobwebs, fibers, etc. Therefore, in order to prevent poisoning, never collect mushrooms:

Up close industrial enterprises, landfills, fields treated with chemicals, railway tracks and highways, under high-voltage lines, within the city;

With an unpleasant odor, having a tuberous thickening at the base;

With a shell, a “bag” at the base of the leg (like the pale toadstool, red fly agaric);

Old, wormy, eaten or absorbed water after long rains- perhaps the process of protein decomposition has begun in them;

Appeared after the first frost, which can cause the appearance of toxic substances in them;

After long hot days and lack of precipitation, do not collect the first harvest of mushrooms, because... even edible ones can be poisonous and life-threatening.

Eating poisonous mushrooms can lead to damage to the gastrointestinal tract, damage to the central nervous system, cardiovascular systems, damage to the liver and kidneys, including death.

Danger #3 - Ticks

How to avoid tick attacks? There is nothing difficult or complicated here. Going to the forest:

Choose clothes with long sleeves that fit snugly around the wrist;

Be sure to wear trousers and tuck them into your high boots;

Don't forget your hat;

Choose clothes in light colors to make it easier to notice the attacked tick;

Treat clothing with anti-tick repellent;

Lubricate the skin of your neck and hands with camphor or mint oil;

Periodically inspect your clothes and the following parts of the body in the forest: neck, armpits, groin area, ears. Due to the fact that in these places the skin is the most delicate and thin, the tick most often attaches itself here.

When moving through the forest, beware of tall grass and bushes.

Danger #4 - Getting lost

What should you do to avoid getting lost in the forest?

Charge your mobile. Even if in the forest where you are lost there is no network of your operator, then “112” always works. And it’s easier to find a person with a mobile phone.

Study a map of the area where you plan to go mushroom hunting.

Wear bright clothes that will be visible from afar.

Inform relatives about the planned trip to the forest and the approximate time of return. It is easier to find a person in hot pursuit.

If the forest is unfamiliar, try not to leave the paths, since they all usually lead to the road. You can leave beacons - break branches, make notches in trees so that you can follow your marks to get back out.

When going to the forest, take a compass, matches, and a supply of food with you: just in case.

About incidents in conditions natural environment should be reported by calling 112. In the event of an alarm, searches can be organized immediately.

One day, while walking through the forest, I thought that the forest was not so safe. This world, separate from civilization and the bustle of the city, makes you think a little: there is complete silence and many dangers that can await us at every step. There are predators and poisonous plants... But that's not all! After thinking carefully, I decided to tell you about possible dangers in the forest thicket, and what measures should be taken.

- this is the first thing you should think about when going mushroom or berry picking, or just taking a walk through the same forest expanses. But the forest is beautiful and wonderful, and the air is pleasant and fresh... But at the same time, dangers cannot be ruled out. Unfortunately, there are often cases when people, having gone into the forest, disappear or die, often for unknown reasons... Although this does not mean that you will definitely run into danger, it is still worth protecting yourself.

Now let's take a closer look at what awaits us in the forest, and what to do about it.

Be careful, poison!

As everyone knows, mushrooms and berries in the forest can be both edible and inedible. If you are hungry, you should not rush to all sorts of “goodies” without knowing their names. It is better to take food with you, taken from home or bought at the store. It will be safer this way. As an option, you can take sandwiches: here you don’t need to take much, and you’ll eat well. And don’t forget about water, because going without drinking for a long time is also not an option.

Delusion - the most famous case in the forest

Before going into the forest, take with you everything you need: a compass, a navigator, a small first aid kit (bandage, cotton wool, hydrogen peroxide), a knife, a plastic raincoat. Always remember the area you are in. And if you do get lost, try to make notches in the trees so as not to walk in circles. In general, there are plenty of ways to get out of the forest. Read about it. In this case, the main thing is not to panic and act according to the rules.

Annoying and dangerous insects

Mosquitoes, midges, ticks, there are so many of them... Before going into the forest, wear long sleeves and tuck your pants into your socks. In general, the body should be completely covered. It is better to choose clothes that are slippery, so that it is more difficult for insects to crawl on them, and not very dark, so that they are easier to notice. Mosquito and tick repellents are also helpful! And after the forest, check carefully. And stay away from power lines; that's where the most ticks are.

Wild animals

There may be bears, wolves, and wild boars in the forest, there are a lot of them there... Therefore, be on your guard: take something to eat with you, not only for yourself, but also for the animals. And if you find an animal in the forest, try to appear invisible to it. Slowly and carefully move back, preferably facing him. And if he does see you and is coming straight at you, you will have to take action. Each animal is different. More details about this are written in.

Be careful not to drown!

Not only animals and plants can be dangerous in the forest. No one has yet ruled out a swamp in the forest. Therefore, if you see an area in the forest overgrown with reeds, do not approach it. And when you feel the water under your feet, go back. And don’t try to pretend to be a hero and try to step there or go further, otherwise you may get sucked in so much that it won’t seem like much! But if you find yourself in a quagmire alone, the chances of salvation will be almost zero.

Ups and downs

Walking through the forest, there is a high chance of stumbling upon an unexploded military shell. But there have been some of them left there since the Second World War - mother, don’t worry. Some of them were buried by partisans to destroy the Nazis, and some landed from combat vehicles and remained there to this day. So if you see anything rusty or that looks like ammunition, don't touch it. Stay out of harm's way. Better yet, call the Ministry of Emergency Situations so that the shell can be neutralized.

So, after reading the above, keep it all in your memory as the apple of your eye if you are planning to go into the forest. But that's not all! In the forest it is still possible (rarely, but quite possible):

• Get shot by a hunter
• Get hit by a falling tree
• Fall into a pit full of wolves
• Run into a maniac or forester
• Meet the goblin

Yes, and try not to go into the forest alone, this will give you a better chance of salvation in emergency situations. I wish you a pleasant walk. Take care of yourself!

Summer is the time for picnics in nature and trips to pick mushrooms and berries. For a city child, going to the forest is both a holiday and a strange unknown. But such a hike is fraught with not only a number of interesting discoveries, but also many unexpected dangers. And it doesn’t matter that you are going into the forest where predatory animals and snakes have not been seen. Unpleasant surprises can await a child even in a forest park.

Branches. The baby, stunned by the abundance of space, flies forward, not making out the road, and may stumble upon branches sticking out in all directions. If you only warn him about this once, he will definitely forget and, at best, get ripped off, but in the worst case, I don’t even want to talk about it. Therefore, constantly remind him of this trouble.
Take wet wipes, cotton wool and hydrogen peroxide with you into the forest so that you can disinfect abrasions and cuts if they cannot be avoided.

Pits. They are not dangerous in themselves, but if you run around without looking at your feet, you can fall painfully. Warn your child that running in the forest is prohibited (and, of course, do not forget to remind him of this once again).

Inedible mushrooms and berries. Strictly speaking, everything a child can find in the forest is inedible. Even if it's an ordinary strawberry. Before the baby puts it in his mouth, an adult needs to confirm the origin of this berry, and it would be a good idea to rinse it with water. Keep in mind that children can call any berries strawberries, including wolfberries. Therefore, you should not take their word for it. Fairly warn your child that there are a lot of poisonous plants, berries and mushrooms, and therefore, no matter how beautiful the fly agaric and the bush sprinkled with purple berries are, tearing and tasting anything is strictly prohibited.
Remember both your own safety and the example you set for your children: if you doubt any mushroom or berry, feel free to throw it out of the basket. And there is no need to convene a “council of experienced mushroom pickers” and lick the cut mushroom. The banal truth is brilliant: health is more valuable.

Insects (mosquitoes, ticks, etc.). When going to the forest, generously coat your child with mosquito repellent cream, put on cool, but closed clothes (T-shirts and shorts are not suitable), sneakers instead of sandals, and be sure to wear a hat. For girls, it is better to put their hair in a ponytail or braid and hide it under clothes. Explain to your child that insidious ticks live on the branches of trees and bushes, so if he shakes or tears these branches, the ticks will end up on him. For the same reason, thickets of tall grass should be avoided.
When you return home, do not forget to examine the child’s body and clothes and comb his hair. If a tick is still found, smear the bite area with oil or rich cream and wait until it falls off on its own. If this does not happen, do not tear it off yourself, as this may only work halfway, but contact the clinic.
In general, seeing a doctor is the most the best option in such a situation, since the child may need a vaccination.

Danger of getting lost. Well what can I say? Under no circumstances should you lose sight of your child, because children, even in two pine trees, can easily get lost. But if you get lost with your child in a really deep forest, don’t panic. Try to go to a road, power line or water (river, stream) and use them to get to settlement. If this fails, park, light a fire, use food and water sparingly, and wait for rescue.
It’s bleak, but you have to be prepared for anything, so when going into the forest, even for a short time, dress warmly and take with you a knife, matches, a supply of water and some provisions.

Don't be afraid of the forest and don't scare a child with it, but we must not forget about the dangers that may await you on such a vacation. Knowing certain rules of behavior in the forest, all these troubles can be completely avoided and you will get from a walk not problems, but such a rare and useful pleasure for a city person.

Those who love to travel and spend time actively in wildlife, especially in the forest, must know that the forest is, first of all, a complex set of relationships that have developed over thousands of years between plants, animals, soil, sunlight and the darkness of the night, air and water. And man has always been a guest in the forest. With the advent of civilization, I moved further and further away from the forest. Especially now, this difference is very noticeable. Many modern residents of megacities, besides nightclubs, expensive handbags, strawberry margaritas and pink smoothies, do not know real life, some (even I have such distant acquaintances) have never been to the forest at all in their lives. And of course they don’t know how to behave in the current situation. difficult situations, finding yourself, for example, in a forest and encountering dangerous animals or insects. It can be assumed that such situations are very rare, but this does not make it any easier for those who find themselves in them.

From a personal point of view - when traveling to one of tropical countries, none of the excursion participants expected any emergency situations, the route is “well-worn”, although the jungle is impassable in places, there are trails on all sides within a few kilometers, it seems impossible to get lost there, where you don’t go in an hour you will reach the road. But nevertheless, one couple of “urban fashionistas” turned off the main path for a moment and strayed from the excursion group. We searched for them for about two hours... When I saw them after returning, I realized how unprepared people were for such a turn of events. During these two hours they managed to meet a snake, it’s good that they noticed it in time, they were bitten by mosquitoes and stumbled upon a hive of wild bees or wasps, and escaped with only a couple of bites. But wild bees and wasps guarding their hive can attack people and animals, even if there is no allergy to their bites; several dozen bites can cause shock and even death.
Man is a guest in the forest, and from the point of view of forest and wild animals - an uninvited and uninvited guest, often not at all knowledgeable of the rules behavior. This is where accidents, emergencies, injuries, and fears arise. Also legends and
myths associated with both exaggeration and understatement of the danger that the forest conceals.

Any wild animals living in the forest can pose a danger to humans. The types of dangerous animals are very diverse and their behavior is different when meeting a person, but several general patterns can be noted:

Wild animals, especially birds and mammals, are significantly better than man adapted to life in the forest. They have more advanced sensory organs and are almost always the first to notice a person by smell and sound. Its smell is a strong danger signal for a wild animal.

One should not exaggerate too much the popular opinion about the timidity of animals, especially large predators. For some of them, such as bears and tigers, a very common behavior trait is curiosity, which can sometimes turn into unprovoked aggression. In most cases, they want to avoid “communication” with a person and, having sensed and heard you, they move away, but this does not mean that they are afraid of you. It is wild animals that are in the forest on their territory, so they regard the appearance of a person as a violation of the border with all the ensuing consequences. Yes, a predator can leave when it hears you, but only if it is not hungry and does not protect its territory and young animals. But that's exceptional dangerous predator, a connecting rod bear, the sounds of a human voice can, on the contrary, attract.

In the animal world, unlike human society, the concepts of “alien,” “unknown,” and “dangerous” often coincide, so you should not count on a friendly attitude from forest inhabitants.

Wild animals, to a greater extent than people, try to avoid danger: mobile animals go as far as possible from humans, sedentary animals use various ways passive or active protection and camouflage. Forest animals
good masters of camouflage, they know how to use all kinds of shelters.

The behavior of many wild animals (especially large ungulates and carnivores) changes significantly during certain periods of their life cycle(reproduction, migration, etc.). Animals become much more aggressive, and the danger for
person increases sharply. For example, during the breeding season, a shy elk becomes not so shy, but aggressive, and it is better not to stand in its way.

Any, even widespread species of wild animals prefer certain habitats, and here the likelihood of a chance encounter with dangerous animals of this species is higher. In order not to become a victim of a deadly animal, and even an ordinary fox that bites you can become such a victim (foxes can carry rabies), you need to remember two rules. It is necessary to have an understanding of the habits of animals and birds, as well as to be attentive and careful when moving through the forest.

Forest emergencies involving dangerous animals can be divided into two groups: active attack - when dangerous beast, without any obvious reason for a person, begins to actively attack accidents that occur as a result of careless or illiterate handling of an animal, which in a normal situation is completely neutral towards a person.

Dangerous animals of Russia and neighboring countries

In the main settlement zone of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine, situations of the first type (active attack by an animal) are most often associated with large predatory and ungulate animals, bear, wolf, elk, wild boar, deer, and cats. Unprovoked attacks are quite rare. According to statistics, for example, a tiger attacks people for no reason in about 4% of all cases. Usually the animal attacks: for the purpose of self-defense, during a hunt, when caught near prey, when a person carelessly invades its territory, during the mating season (the so-called rut; animals are especially aggressive during this period), protecting offspring, when persistently pursuing a wounded animal or just when chance meeting with a person, in sudden close contact.

According to many experts, the most unpredictable large forest predator in behavior is Brown bear. Most sudden encounters with this animal end in its rapid flight. However, cases
unprovoked attacks on humans in the European part of Russia are observed almost every year. Suddenly, mushroom and berry pickers and tourists, as a rule, “look out for the bear.” Sometimes the bear shows aggression and may even chase a person, but then quickly stops the pursuit and runs away.

However, much more serious incidents are also known, when the beast literally besieged a hunting lodge for several days, not letting people out. There are often cases of aggression from a bear disturbed in its winter den. However, this can be easily avoided if you know the bear’s favorite places in this forest and avoiding them further.

A meeting with a wolf poses a serious danger for an unprepared person, although this predator will almost always prefer to hide than to attack. IN last years experts note that people encounter wolves in the forest zone more often than
earlier. Fans of forest walks, and especially long routes, should be careful.

Perhaps the most serious danger is a sudden meeting with a wolf or fox that has rabies. Here an attack is almost guaranteed, and it is almost impossible to avoid it. A sick animal can be recognized by its angry eyes, sharply aggressive behavior, and immediate, literally on the spot, attack. The beast sometimes seems to sputter with saliva; There is often foam in the corners of the mouth. These animals are dangerous even when they are already dying and, snarling, cannot move. Under no circumstances should you approach them, they may bite, and then you will have to undergo long-term treatment.

Animals with rabies are not found everywhere, and before going into the forest it would be useful to obtain information from the SES about outbreaks of the disease. In case of a bite, you should immediately consult a doctor, because only correct and, most importantly, timely treatment started and carried out guarantees a complete recovery.

Regular for European forests wild ungulates, elk, wild boars, deer, roe deer, are much more timid and cautious than predators, and, as a rule, move away from humans. However, during the mating season, these animals are characterized by increased excitability and aggressiveness and can pose a significant danger.

How to avoid encounters with wild dangerous animals?

The best way to avoid encounters with dangerous animals is to avoid visiting their habitats. This does not mean that you should be afraid of the wolf and not go into the forest. By choosing a travel destination in advance, you can learn about dangerous places densely populated by predators and avoid going there. If you do go on a hiking trip, be extremely careful and careful, especially at night. The presence of predators or dangerous ungulates can be indicated by a variety of signs: footprints on the soil, trampled grass and undergrowth, stripped bark on trees, droppings from feeding areas, and sometimes remains of prey.
Wolves, being the first to sense a person, make specific sounds (snorting, howling, loud barking), warning other members of the pack, and especially the young.
During the rut or feeding, wild boars behave so noisily that it is quite easy to notice and hear them.
You should avoid animal trails, difficult to pass, overgrown with bushes and littered forest areas, and windbreaks. In such places there is a high probability of encountering an animal, and it is also extremely inconvenient to retreat here. Going to the forest
Be sure to tell us where you are going to go and when you expect to return, because in addition to predators, you can simply get lost in the forest.

What to do if you encounter a dangerous animal in the forest?

First of all - don't panic! The animal senses when a person is afraid of it, your fear will only spur aggression, that is, the animal’s instinct to attack a weaker enemy may be triggered. No sudden movements or shrill screams - at least at the first moment, until you are sure that you can really scare, and not attract, the animal in this way. However, sometimes the scream actually frightens the animal and even causes it to flee. But this is an extreme case and it is very unlikely that this will work with a bear.

Get lost in the taiga You can go hunting, picking mushrooms and berries, getting pine nuts.

Anyone, even an experienced person, can get lost in the taiga, let alone amateurs and beginners in forest hikes and walks. They are the ones who cause a lot of trouble both for themselves and for rescuers.

A lot of advice and recommendations have been written for them, but they are not always followed.

There are many cases where people, having gone into the forest and not having sufficient experience and knowledge of local conditions, easily lost their way and, having lost their orientation, found themselves in distress.

Make it a rule: before entering the forest, remember in which direction the road, river, sun are. While moving through the forest, notice landmarks from time to time: trees unusual shapes, an upturned stump, streams, holes - in general, everything that will do you a good service in case of trouble.

Move like this: mark a landmark to which you are heading, and then choose the next one.

If you still realize that you are lost, try to calm down. Panic in this case is a terrible enemy. Taiga does not forgive mistakes.

Stop and listen carefully: sounds help you get out to people - equipment is working, a dog is barking, etc. It is best to go out to the water and move downstream. Look for power lines or gas pipelines - walking along these objects, you can always reach people.

If this fails, you need to remember familiar landmarks. Long and noisy ones are best: railway, navigable river, highway. It’s easier to “miss” past a village or forestry.

Sounds help you reach people - a tractor is running (you can hear it from 3-4 kilometers away), a dog is barking (2-3 kilometers away), a train is going by (up to 10 kilometers away). The smell of smoke helps: here you have to move against the wind...

If everything around you is unfamiliar, then there is no need to rush in different directions. The main thing is calm.

You must stop immediately and sit down on a stump. And no longer take a single step without thinking. You can only think about one thing: how to get to the place where the familiar path begins.

Streams, rivers - it's always good guidelines. If, of course, you know where they flow. But even without knowing, it is best to stay close to them. If you manage to get onto any road or power line, do not leave them under any circumstances. This is your chance for salvation.

Streams often flow into swamps. If the swamp is not extensive, you need to change direction.

It is easy to get around small wetlands by stepping on hummocks or rhizomes of bushes, or wade, after feeling the bottom with a pole.

Once you are convinced that it is impossible to pass or bypass dangerous areas, you can throw a few branches, lay several poles crosswise or tie a mat of reeds, grass, straw and cross this prepared “bridge” to solid ground.

Remember that even a familiar area can seem foreign when a person does not expect to see it if he comes from an unusual direction, and even more so if he is scared, is in strong excitement. Therefore, look around more often, look around, try to find familiar signs and objects, even if you are sure that you are far from familiar places.

Being in the taiga, it is difficult to move among the rubble and windbreaks, densely covered with bushes. The apparent similarity of the situation (trees, folds of terrain, etc.) can completely disorient a person, and he will move in a circle, unaware of his mistake.

We must try to go to higher places. Previously, people walked more, so there should be old and new trails. If the path goes into a swamp, then it is better not to follow it. This could be an animal trail. You can navigate by quarterly requests. Although they are overgrown, the patches remain. Usually the blocks run from west to east, and from south to north. There are exceptions, but these are very rare.

Knowing various signs, you can navigate by the cardinal directions even without a compass.

Thus, the bark of birch and pine on the northern side is darker than on the southern side, and tree trunks, stones, and rock ledges are more densely covered with moss and lichens. Resin drops on the trunks coniferous trees appear less abundantly on the northern side than on the southern side. All these signs are clearly expressed in individual standing tree in a clearing or forest edge.

To maintain the intended direction, they usually choose a clearly visible landmark every 100-150 m of the route. This is especially important if the path is blocked by rubble or dense bushes, which force you to deviate from the straight direction. Trying to go ahead is always fraught with injury.

Small taiga rivers are quite passable for light inflatable boats and rafts. You can make a raft using dead wood and ropes. Raw wood is heavier and cannot support the weight of a person. In the center of the raft you can build a small shelter (hut) from rain and wind and prepare a place for a fire by pouring layers of sand or pebbles. To control the raft, two or three long poles are cut down. A heavy stone with a strong rope can serve as an anchor .

If a person walks noisily and does not sneak, wild animals will smell him and avoid him. Therefore, do not look for encounters with animals yourself (elk, deer, and fox are dangerous, which may be sick with rabies and bite), and if you accidentally stumble upon them, give them the opportunity to leave.
Sometimes animals attack humans - if they are wounded, frightened by the unexpected, or protect their cubs. When clearly aggressive behavior You can use fire as protection, knocking a stick on a tree. When meeting a wild boar, it is better to climb a tree.

But the most reliable thing is to make it a rule, before entering the forest, to look at a map or at least a hand-drawn plan of the area. Remember landmarks. It will take no more than five minutes, and you will feel much more confident in the forest (of course, it’s even better to make a photocopy).

I hope that these tips will help you in the taiga.

Protect the environment.

Sincerely, "Leshy".

We'll talk about fishing, hunting, choosing a place for a taiga hut, and much more next time.

Read how to properly prepare for a hike in the forest.