Pills for hemoptysis in lung cancer. Hemoptysis and its causes. Hemoptysis in diseases of the cardiovascular system - Hemoptysis and pulmonary hemorrhage

Hemoptysis is the production of sputum when coughing, in which there are blood blotches or a significant admixture of blood. Depending on the pathology that provoked this condition, sputum can be evenly colored brown, pink or scarlet. In some cases, only streaks of blood are visible in the outgoing sputum. The outgoing mucus can be jelly-like or foamy, on this basis it is also possible to differentiate the disease. The causes of hemoptysis are different and there are many of them. Basically, this condition is provoked by severe diseases of the lower respiratory organs.

Causes

Hemoptysis is the inclusion of blood in the sputum that is coughed up. The amount of blood can be different, depending on the pathology that provoked this phenomenon. Most often, pulmonary tuberculosis, advanced bronchitis and pneumonia lead to this pathological condition. But there are many other diseases that provoke such a pathology.

The main causes of hemoptysis include the following diseases and conditions:

• Pathologies of the lower respiratory tract - pneumonia, bronchitis, tuberculosis and abscesses of the lung tissue.
• Pathological neoplasms - adenomas and tumors of a different nature.
• Diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Aortic aneurysm, stenosis and thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery can provoke the appearance of blood in the sputum.
• Injuries of the sternum, especially with fractures of the ribs.
• Autoimmune diseases - Wegener's granulomatosis and some other pathologies.

Hemoptysis often occurs with lung diseases that occur with rapid decomposition lung tissue. In such a case, the blood vessels are destroyed, and the blood enters the tissues.

This phenomenon is often observed during suppurative processes in the lungs. In almost half of the cases, these people are diagnosed with bronchitis or bronchiectasis. In such a case, the discharge of blood is insignificant, but this condition continues for a rather long time and is especially pronounced with the recurrence of many diseases.

Hemoptysis in bronchitis is mild. At the same time, streaks of blood are observed in the outgoing sputum, which indicate damage to the tissue of the bronchi. If such a phenomenon is observed with bronchitis. You need to notify the doctor. In certain cases, the treatment is reviewed and drugs are added to it to strengthen the vessels.

A small admixture of blood or discharge of pure blood is often observed in the acute period inflammation of the lungs. Hemoptysis in pneumonia always occurs with high body temperature, shortness of breath, deterioration in general well-being and severe pain in the sternum.

The causes of hemoptysis include various tumors of the lower respiratory organs. In every 4th case, benign and malignant lung tumors are diagnosed. With oncological pathologies, the sputum that comes out has the appearance of raspberry jelly. One of the most striking symptoms of lung cancer can be considered hemoptysis and severe coughing.

If the cough does not go away for a long time and there is blood in the sputum, you need to see a doctor. It must be remembered that most diseases are best treated at an early stage.

In addition to diseases of the respiratory organs, some pathologies of the cardiovascular system can also lead to hemoptysis. This is often observed in diseases that occur with stagnation of blood in a small area of ​​​​circulation. most common cause the presence of blood in the sputum is mitral stenosis. With such a disease in the sputum, only bloody streaks. After the discharge of sputum with blood, the patient becomes easier to breathe and the state of health improves significantly.

Blood in the sputum also occurs with significant stagnation of blood, which is caused by acute or subacute insufficiency of the left ventricle of the heart. This phenomenon is observed in cardiosclerosis, hypertension and myocardial infarction. In most cases, the appearance of blood in the sputum is preceded by a severe attack of cardiac asthma. With all these pathologies, the patient at first simply spits out scarlet blood, and then it becomes darker. With each new attack of severe suffocation, hemoptysis resumes.

In very rare cases hemoptysis begins due to the breakthrough of an aortic aneurysm into the bronchial cavity. In such a case, pulmonary bleeding develops very quickly, which in a matter of minutes leads to the death of a person. However, you need to understand that hemoptysis, which precedes the breakthrough of the aorta, occurs a week before the pathology. This is due to compression of the bronchial mucosa and blood flow into the bronchi through the aneurysm.

With a lung infarction, profuse hemoptysis is also observed. This condition is accompanied severe pain in the chest, shortness of breath and a significantly elevated temperature.

Abundant hemoptysis is observed with injuries of the sternum. A particularly dangerous condition is considered a fracture of the ribs.

A similar phenomenon often occurs when a foreign body accidentally enters the lower respiratory organs. This is due to the decomposition of lung tissue, which occurs with severe inflammation.

The cause of blood in the sputum can also be bedsores, which are often found in bedridden patients. To prevent this phenomenon, it is necessary to use special anti-decubitus mattresses and often turn the patient over.

In some cases, people mistake blood in saliva for hemoptysis. But this phenomenon occurs due to bleeding gums or injury to the oral mucosa.

Diagnostics

To find out the causes of hemoptysis, the doctor collects an anamnesis, examines the patient and, if necessary, sends for examination. The doctor should visually assess the nature of the coughed up sputum. In most cases, a preliminary diagnosis can already be made by sight. The nature of the outgoing blood will help to differentiate pulmonary bleeding from gastric bleeding or from normal bleeding of the gums.

When making a diagnosis, the patient's lungs must be listened to. If local wheezing is heard, the doctor may suggest lung carcinoma. Moist rales most often speak of pneumonia or bronchitis.

To clarify the diagnosis, the patient must be sent for x-rays. chest. Based on the obtained image, it is possible to determine the nature of the damage to the bronchi and lungs, as well as to assess the severity of the patient's condition.

In certain cases, bronchoscopy and CT of the chest organs are prescribed to make a diagnosis.

Treatment

The tactics of the applied treatment directly depends on the reasons that provoked hemoptysis. Only a qualified doctor can determine the root cause of this phenomenon. Before the arrival of a specialist, the patient is required to provide first aid in order to minimize the risk of developing serious complications. The algorithm for providing emergency assistance is as follows:

• The patient is given a half-sitting position and conversations with him are limited.
• You can slightly reduce bleeding if you allow the patient to dissolve small pieces of ice.
• If hemoptysis occurs for the first time. It can be very scary for the patient. The first priority in this case is to calm the patient.

While one person is providing first aid to the patient, the second must call a doctor. By phone, you need to say what exactly worries the patient, in some cases they send an intensive care team.

Hemoptysis is most often treated in a hospital setting. Depending on the condition of the patient, he can be placed in the pulmonology department or the intensive care unit. Doctors carry out a set of measures to identify the cause of the pathological phenomenon and stop pulmonary bleeding.

Symptomatic treatment is carried out, which is aimed at reducing coughing attacks, during which the patient's condition worsens. To do this, the patient is given antitussive drugs, for example, Codeine. If the patient's condition is severe and worsens every minute, Promedol is prescribed, which is administered intramuscularly or intravenously.

If the bleeding is severe, a blood transfusion may be ordered. Sometimes an infusion of colloidal or saline solutions is shown to normalize the volume of circulating blood. If there is a danger of suffocation, tracheal intubation is performed and a catheter is inserted into the damaged bronchus.

The most life-threatening condition is when a patient loses up to 800 grams of blood per day. In this case, one often resorts to surgical treatment pathological condition. Surgery is most often used for cavernous tuberculosis, lung cancer and abscesses.

A patient with hemoptysis should be constantly under the supervision of health workers, as the condition can worsen very sharply. The main care of the patient is to comply with bed rest, regular measurement blood pressure and pulse. If the patient's condition worsens, he is transferred to the intensive care unit.

It must be understood that hemoptysis can be a symptom of very severe pathologies, some of which quickly lead to the death of the patient. If even a little blood appears in the outgoing sputum, you need to inform the doctor about this, who will identify the cause and select the necessary treatment. Self-medication is not worth it, in most cases this does not give an effect, only precious time is lost.

• How to distinguish pulmonary bleeding?
• Causes of hemoptysis
• How to help a person with pulmonary bleeding?

In such a phenomenon as hemoptysis, the causes can be very different. This term refers to the appearance of red inclusions in the sputum or its uniform coloring. Selection a large number blood is observed in pulmonary hemorrhage. It can be caused by vascular damage in oncological diseases, arteriovenous aneurysms, pulmonary infarction, pulmonary vasculitis. Hemoptysis and pulmonary bleeding can develop with the following pathologies: bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, cyst and abscess of the lung, Goodpasture's syndrome.

When diagnosing this phenomenon, bleeding from the esophagus or stomach should be excluded, which is especially important if hemoptysis is not combined with cough.

1. The examination should begin with an examination of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and larynx, which will eliminate the appearance of hemoptysis associated with gingivitis, periodontal disease, hemorrhagic diathesis.
2. Severe pulmonary bleeding can lead to suffocation, this occurs when an aortic aneurysm ruptures, lung cancer, and damage to a large vessel.
3. Rapidly developing bleeding is not combined with a cough.

You can distinguish hemoptysis from bloody vomiting by the bright scarlet color of the sputum. Blood in pulmonary hemorrhage is excreted unchanged. Bloody vomit is dark brown in color and contains clots mixed with undigested food.

Do not forget about the possibility of blood entering the esophagus with severe pulmonary bleeding. The blood may have a bright scarlet color when a stomach ulcer perforates. The most common complication of hemoptysis is pneumonia.

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Causes of hemoptysis

This phenomenon can be considered one of the symptoms of pulmonary infiltrate. It is accompanied by the appearance of signs of poisoning of the body: general weakness, increased sweating, subfebrile temperature. When listening to the chest, a shortening of the percussion sound, intermittent breathing with wet rales is detected.

In tuberculosis, bleeding develops when an infiltrate appears, with its subsequent destruction and transformation into a cavity. The disease is accompanied by symptoms of intoxication of the body, dry painful cough, the appearance of small bubbling wheezing. Breathing becomes shallow, inhalation lengthens. Most often, the patient's throat bleeds in the morning.

Caseous pneumonia is another cause of hemoptysis. This symptom appears when its course is complicated. It is accompanied by signs of respiratory failure, cyanosis of the skin, pain behind the sternum, severe symptoms of intoxication of the body. The percussion sound is dulled, breathing with whistling and fine bubbling rales is detected. The x-ray clearly shows signs of caseous pneumonia.

1. Chronic tuberculosis is almost always accompanied by hemoptysis.
2. It is characterized by coughing attacks, accompanied by the release of a large amount of purulent sputum, pain behind the sternum, weight loss, febrile syndrome, signs of poisoning of the body.

Diagnostic signs differ depending on the stage of the pathological process. When listening, areas of weakening of breathing are detected. Moist rales of a different nature are determined, the sound of friction of the pleural sheet. X-ray examination allows to detect cavities.

Blood from the throat in the morning can go with pneumonia caused by Friedlander's wand. This is one of the characteristic manifestations of the disease, indicating a significant decrease in immunity. Pneumonia begins acutely, there are pains behind the sternum, fever, cyanosis of the skin. Cough is accompanied by the separation of thick mucous sputum of dark brown color. When listening, a slight dull percussion sound is detected in the affected lung, bronchial breathing with fine bubbling rales. The most common consequence of pneumonia is a lung abscess.

Viral inflammation of the lungs develops on the 7-10th day of the flu, and can occur simultaneously with it. Characterized by a sharp increase in temperature, cyanosis of the skin, shortness of breath, cough with viscous sputum with bloody inclusions. X-ray examination revealed inflammatory seals. The severity of the course of the disease is often aggravated by the formation of an abscess, ulcerative laryngobronchitis, heart failure and pneumothorax. Pulmonary bleeding with bronchitis is a fairly rare occurrence.

Hemoptysis is the main symptom of bronchiectasis. Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi leads to a violation of the integrity of the walls of blood vessels, which contributes to the occurrence of pulmonary bleeding. During the initial examination of the patient, “drum fingers” and protruding nails are found. The dullness of the percussion sound and the appearance of box noises are determined. With an abscess of the lung, bleeding develops when the neoplasm breaks into a large bronchus.

Lung cancer is the most common cause of hemoptysis. Often this symptom appears against the background of normal general condition organism, it is almost always present in stage 4 cancer. The reason for its appearance is the destruction of the mucous membranes of the bronchi by cancer cells and decay products of the tumor. Clinical picture oncological disease depends on the place of formation of the neoplasm, the rate of its development, the damage to surrounding tissues.

1. An early sign of lung cancer is considered a dry cough, in the later stages it is accompanied by yellowish sputum with an admixture of blood.
2. Severe pulmonary hemorrhage is the leading cause of death in lung cancer.
3. Sharp weight loss, persistent cough, enlargement of regional lymph nodes, chest pain are typical manifestations of cancer.
4. X-ray signs of collapse of lung tissue, dullness of percussion sound and shallow breathing confirm this diagnosis.

Hemoptysis is one of the signs of silicosis. Diagnosis of the disease begins with the collection of anamnesis. The doctor must find out if the patient is working in a room contaminated with quartz particles. The main symptoms of silicosis are: shortness of breath that occurs with minimal exertion, chest pain, dry cough. Bleeding with a pulmonary infarction can be either minor or profuse. It often occurs over several days. Diagnostic signs of this disease are compaction of lung tissues, decreased mobility of the chest, shallow breathing with prolonged exhalation, and the presence of fine bubbling rales.

Hemoptysis has a scientific name - hemoptysis. This term refers to the phenomenon in which, during a cough, bloody secretions or pure blood appear in the sputum. This indicates severe pathologies on the part of the body and requires the intervention of a doctor. In any case, it is necessary to find out why such a failure occurred in the body, as well as decide on the treatment. A neglected form can provoke life-threatening consequences.

The occurrence of hemoptysis can be different due to the appearance of this problem.

1. Sputum in the form of foam, which is characterized by a pink tint.
2. Admixture of blood in the material after coughing. Depending on the amount of impurities, the shade of sputum also changes.
3. Streaks of blood in spitting after coughing.
4. Rusty tinge of sputum. It usually occurs during the breakdown of hemoglobin in the lungs.
5. The periodic nature of situations of coughing up blood.

Each of these manifestations speaks of different diseases, but, nevertheless, this is a problem that is worth paying attention to. Blood in the sputum can appear in diseases of the lungs, as well as the larynx and bronchi. In any case, this condition requires urgent intervention by specialists, since the appearance of a red material can be a symptom of severe pathologies, up to cancer. It is necessary to distinguish hemoptysis from pulmonary bleeding. The latter is not combined with a cough. At the same time, in pulmonary bleeding, the amount of blood released is not less than 200 ml per day, and in hemoptysis, it is much less.

If a pathology such as blood in the sputum is detected, it is urgent to consult a doctor, regardless of the amount of discharge and their shade. Delay is dangerous to health and life. If the morning starts with a cough with blood, then you are not all right with your health.

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Causes of hemoptysis can be very diverse. This symptom manifests itself in inflammatory pathologies in the lungs, as well as in the appearance of neoplasms due to injuries of the sternum and heart problems.

In lung cancer, bleeding in stage 4 of the disease can be the cause of death. Rarely, the cause of hemoptysis is pulmonary infarction, which causes shortness of breath, heat and chest pain. In any case, identifying the cause is the job of specialists who will collect enough information about the disease with the help of analyzes and medical examinations. Only in this way can adequate treatment be prescribed.

Bronchitis, tuberculosis, pneumonia, cancer - these are just a few of the diseases that hemoptysis can be a sign of. In addition to the lungs, the problem can be localized both in the heart and in the vessels. One way or another, the condition is considered severe and requires emergency care.

Hemoptysis is classified according to several parameters. The first type of qualification is based on the amount of blood released per day. The first category includes the amount up to 50 ml per day, the second degree up to 200 ml per day, the third - up to 500 ml per day. It is important to distinguish hemoptysis from pulmonary hemorrhage. With bleeding, the same amount of blood is released within an hour.

1. inflammatory processes.
2. Injury.
3. Neoplasms and tumors.

Also, the types of discharge are divided into light and massive. The latter are most often confused with pulmonary hemorrhages. A mild degree occurs when small vessels in the bronchi rupture. The process most often can begin due to problems with the walls of blood vessels, their excessive permeability, as well as due to mechanical injuries.

Classification spotting will help to more accurately identify the cause of their occurrence. This will facilitate the selection of treatment for a particular patient.

Diagnostics

Cough interspersed with blood should alert both the patient and the doctor. To find out the cause, a comprehensive examination should be carried out, which will include both laboratory tests and instrumental examinations.

1. Inspection and data collection. By questioning the patient, the doctor can determine whether the cause is really in the lungs, and not the pathology of the housing and communal services.
2. Blood analysis. A general blood test reveals inflammatory processes in the body.
3. Sweat research. These studies help rule out the presence of cystic fibrosis.
4. Sputum analyses. Sputum is examined for the presence of bacteria and cytology.
5. Respiratory x-ray. The photo reveals almost all diseases that can cause hemoptysis.
6. Chest tomography.
7. Bronchoscopy. Helps detect cancer. Doctors turn to this examination if the cough with blood recurs and appears from time to time. With this examination, a focus of hemoptysis can be detected.
8. Lung biopsy. With her help, the doctor receives the biological material of the lung tissues. It is most often performed when a tumor in the lungs is suspected.
9. Echocardiography.
10. Metral valve stenosis.

Only after all the necessary procedures have been carried out, the doctor can make an accurate diagnosis. Treatment can be prescribed only after studying all the factors. Sometimes the reason may lie on the surface, and sometimes you will have to study all the details of analyzes and instrumental examinations.

If bloody discharge occurs when coughing and this happens regularly, be sure to consult a doctor who can help and prescribe proper treatment. To do this, it is necessary to pass all the tests and record in detail in the medical history all the accompanying symptoms.

Treatment prescribed by a specialist varies depending on the underlying cause of spotting in the sputum.

After a detailed study of the history, the doctor will be able to choose an effective therapy that will not only remove hemoptysis, but also relieve the underlying disease.

1. Codeine. The most popular drug that helps prevent recurrence of the manifestation of the problem. Great for lung cancer.
2. Promedol solution. Introduced for pulmonary hemorrhage.
3. hemostatic therapy. For example, the drug Feracryl promotes the coagulation of blood proteins.
4. Antifibrinolytic agents.
5. Colloidal and saline preparations intravenously.

In order to stop the symptom of hemoptysis, it is necessary to save the patient from coughing. It is coughing that can provoke bleeding. Complex therapy is prescribed, which includes drugs that cure the root cause. It can be antibacterial drugs, as well as anti-inflammatory drugs. If neoplasms are detected, it is possible to remove part of the lung surgically.

Treatment of hemoptysis is possible only after a comprehensive examination. Self-medication in this state is unacceptable.

The patient's condition with the appearance of bloody discharge in the sputum usually requires hospitalization. Before the patient is admitted to the hospital, first aid is required to alleviate the patient's condition.

1. Reassure the patient. Panic in such a situation is a bad adviser. An adult patient must understand that unnecessary talk can also interfere.
2. The head must be raised so that it is located above the legs.
3. Remove clothing that interferes with free breathing.
4. Eating and drinking is undesirable.
5. If a cough medicine is prescribed by a doctor, for example, for bronchitis, it is necessary to give them.

If more than half a liter of blood is released per day, then this qualifies as pulmonary bleeding and requires emergency care followed by hospitalization. After calling an ambulance, be sure to put the patient not only with his head raised, but also on the side where the affected lung is located. You should also be taken to the hospital with your head raised on a stretcher.

Help for a patient with hemoptysis should be provided quickly and calmly. You should first call ambulance. Specialists will be able to select hemostatic drugs, as well as hospitalize the patient.

With such symptoms, in addition to medical therapy, you can use the means traditional medicine. But this should be done only after the advice of the attending physician, because many folk remedies have side effects.

• dry yarrow. Pour 40 g of dry grass with half a liter of boiling water. Take every half hour for half a glass;
• geranium. Grind the root of the plant. For 30 grams of root, use a glass of boiling water. Take half a glass twice an hour;
• medicinal hemorrhage. A tablespoon of the roots of the plant pour 200 ml of boiling water. Cook over low heat for 15 minutes. Then insist, cool and drain. Drink a tablespoon of decoction no more than 7 times a day. Contraindication - pregnancy;
• chicory herb. Pour a tablespoon of grass with one and a half cups of boiling water. Half an hour to insist. Take one third of a glass every half hour;
• herbal collection. It includes 2 parts of a shepherd's bag, rhizomes of a snake mountaineer, white yasnitka, plantain leaves, as well as one part of horsetail, yarrow, meadow geranium, horse sorrel root. This collection must be taken three tablespoons and pour half a liter of boiling water. Leave in a warm place for 20 minutes. Take in small sips every half an hour;
• a collection of nettle leaves, chicory, as well as bird mountaineer and common agrimony. Everything should be in the same proportions. 2 tablespoons of the collection pour 350 ml of boiling water and insist. Take half a glass three times a day. It is advisable to use the decoction in a course of one to two weeks.

Folk remedies should be used only in parallel with the main treatment. This is supportive therapy, since all diseases accompanied by a symptom of hemoptysis require serious intervention from doctors.

Almost all diseases and symptoms can be alleviated with the help of folk remedies. The main thing when using them is to initially consult with your doctor.

The consequences of hemoptysis, as well as the consequences of any bleeding, can be very severe.

1. Anemia. If there is a large loss of blood, then a dangerous condition can occur. Severe anemia leads to lethal outcome.
2. aspiration pneumonia. This is an inflammation of the lungs that occurs when blood or other fluids enter the lower respiratory tract. Previously, this was the cause of death of patients with tuberculosis.
3. Pulmonary bleeding. If you do not pay attention to small blood secretions, they can develop into a more severe form, and from there - into full-fledged pulmonary bleeding.

To avoid such consequences, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible to diagnose the disease and prescribe treatment. It is important to understand that this is a serious condition that can threaten death. Hemoptysis can be a sign of cancer, the treatment of which is considered effective only in the early stages.

Any disease is well treated if you consult a doctor in time. Therefore, at the first appearance in the sputum of bloody discharge or Pink colour you need to go to the clinic.

To prevent the consequences of pulmonary diseases, the symptoms of which can be hemoptysis, you should follow only a few rules. The most important message healthy lifestyle life.

• nutrition. Eat properly and regularly, this is the prevention of tuberculosis. Malnutrition can provoke a weakened immune system;
• sports. This contributes to normal blood circulation and strengthening of blood vessels;
• fluorography. This examination should be carried out regularly for the timely detection of lung diseases. Old age suggests more regular examinations;
• bad habits. Smoking and alcohol weaken the immune system and expose the lungs to the risk of tuberculosis;
• ecology. It is advisable not to live or work in conditions that irritate respiratory system person.

By following these simple rules, a person can avoid problems with pulmonary diseases. Moreover, diseases such as tuberculosis and cancer are much easier to prevent than to treat.

Proper lifestyle and lack of bad habits prevents the occurrence of diseases. Strong immunity will not allow either bronchitis or pneumonia to appear, and regular mantoux tests will allow tuberculosis to be detected in time.

Hemoptysis is a severe symptom, the appearance of which signals a major problem in your health. Treatment requires a qualified specialist who will establish the true diagnosis. In doing so, you can use folk remedies but only after consulting a doctor. In any case, hemoptysis does not occur by itself, it is always a violation.

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Based on the definition, all cases of coughing up blood, whether it be streaks of blood in the sputum or massive bleeding from the respiratory tract, are classified as hemoptysis. Obviously, with massive hemoptysis, the patient must be fully examined so that the specific cause of this phenomenon can be established. Since it is impossible to be completely sure that the presence of streaks of blood in the sputum is the result of some exceptionally benign condition, a patient with this variant of hemoptysis should also be fully evaluated.

Causes of hemoptysis

It is a big mistake to associate recurrent hemoptysis with only one previously established diagnosis, such as chronic bronchiectasis or bronchitis. This approach can lead to a serious but potentially treatable disease going unrecognized. The safest approach to recurrent episodes of hemoptysis is to consider each such case always as the first (not related to previous ones), followed by a full examination of the patient.

Before embarking on various diagnostic procedures aimed at finding out the cause of hemoptysis, it is extremely important to make sure that the blood really comes from the respiratory tract, and not from the nasopharynx or gastrointestinal tract. Distinguishing hemoptysis from vomiting with an admixture of blood can sometimes be quite difficult. Hemoptysis is usually preceded by a tingling sensation in the throat or coughing, and blood is coughed up, usually bright red and frothy.

Harbingers of vomiting blood are nausea and discomfort in the abdominal cavity; blood comes with vomit, in color it resembles red aniline paint. After the source of blood supply has been established, it is possible to proceed to perform diagnostic studies to determine the cause of hemoptysis. In the literature, you can find a large number of reports of individual diseases accompanied by hemoptysis.

Pathological conditions that most often cause hemoptysis.

Inflammatory diseases

• , especially caused by Klebsiella).

Neoplasms

• bronchial adenoma.

Other

• thromboembolism of the vessels of the lung;
• insufficiency of the left ventricle;
• mitral valve stenosis;
• trauma, including foreign bodies and lung injury;
• primary pulmonary hypertension;
• hemorrhagic diathesis, including treatment with anticoagulants.

Treatment of hemoptysis

Treatment is based on bed rest and taking cough suppressants - opiates:

• codeine 10-30 mg;
• dihydroxycodeinone - 5 mg 4-6 times a day.

With abundant hemoptysis (more than 0.6 liters per day) and respiratory failure resulting from the penetration of blood into the respiratory tract, aspiration is necessary. Then, tracheal intubation is performed to isolate the affected area of ​​the lung by introducing a special tube with an inflatable balloon.

With abundant blood output, the choice of a classical or surgical approach depends on the localization of the source of bleeding and the state of the patient's respiratory function. With the central localization of bleeding, laser hemocoagulation is indicated. With a serious violation of the lungs, catheterization and embolization of the bronchial artery is necessary. In order to prevent diseases that cause hemoptysis, you should lead a healthy lifestyle, and first of all stop smoking.