How atmospheric pressure changes. How does atmospheric pressure affect a person's blood pressure? Atmospheric pressure standards

Man is far from being the king of nature, but rather her child, an integral part of the universe. We live in a world where everything is strictly interconnected and subject to a single system.

Everyone knows that the Earth is surrounded by a dense air mass, which is commonly called the atmosphere. And any object, including the human body, is “pressed” by an air column that has a certain weight. Scientists empirically managed to establish that each square centimeter of the human body is affected by atmospheric pressure weighing 1.033 kilograms. And if you carry out simple mathematical calculations, it turns out that on average a person is under pressure of 15550 kg.

The weight is colossal, but, fortunately, completely imperceptible. Perhaps this is due to the presence of dissolved oxygen in human blood.
What is the impact atmospheric pressure per person? A little more about this.

Atmospheric pressure norm

Doctors, in a conversation about what atmospheric pressure is considered normal, indicate a range of 750 ... .760 mm Hg. Such a spread is quite acceptable, since the relief of the planet is not perfectly even.

Meteorological dependence

Doctors say that the body of some people is able to adapt to any conditions. They do not care even for such serious tests as long-distance flights by plane from one climate zone in another.

At the same time, others, without leaving their apartment, feel the approach of changes in the weather. This can manifest itself in the form of severe headaches, inexplicable weakness, or constantly wet palms, for example. Such people are more likely to be diagnosed with diseases of the vessels and the endocrine system.

It is especially difficult when atmospheric pressure makes a sharp jump in a short time. According to statistics, most of the people whose body reacts so violently to changes in atmospheric pressure indicators are women living in major cities. Unfortunately, the rigid rhythm of life, overcrowding, ecology are not the best companions of health.

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How does our body react to increased atmospheric pressure?

Atmospheric pressure (norm for a person) - ideally 760 mm Hg. But such an indicator is very rarely kept.

As a result of an increase in pressure in the atmosphere, clear weather is established, there are no sharp changes in humidity and air temperature. The body of hypertensive patients and allergy sufferers actively reacts to such changes.

In the conditions of the city, in calm weather, naturally, gas pollution makes itself felt. The first to feel this are patients who have a problem with the respiratory organs.

An increase in atmospheric pressure also affects the immune system. Specifically, this is expressed in a decrease in leukocytes in the blood. It will not be easy for a weakened body to cope with infections.

Doctors advise:

Start the day with light morning exercises. Take a contrast shower. For breakfast, give preference to foods that are high in potassium (cottage cheese, raisins, dried apricots, bananas). Don't allow yourself to eat too much. Don't overeat. This day is not the most successful for great physical effort and the manifestation of emotions. Arriving home, rest for an hour, do routine household chores, go to bed earlier than usual.

Low atmospheric pressure and well-being

Low atmospheric pressure, how much is it? Answering the question, we can conditionally say if the barometer reading is lower than 750 mmHg. But it all depends on where you live. In particular, for Moscow, indicators of 748-749 mm Hg. are the norm.

Among the first to feel this deviation from the norm are “cores” and those who have intracranial pressure. They complain about general weakness, frequent migraines, lack of oxygen, shortness of breath, as well as pain in the intestines.

Doctors advise:

Get yours right arterial pressure. reduce physical activity. Include ten minutes of rest in every working hour. Drink more liquid, preferring green tea with honey. Drink morning coffee. Take herbal tinctures indicated for cores. Relax in the evenings under a contrast shower. Go to bed earlier than usual.

How changes in humidity affect the body

Low air humidity of 30 - 40 percent is not useful. It irritates the nasal mucosa. Asthmatics and allergy sufferers are the first to feel this deviation. In this case, moisturizing the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx with a slightly salty aqueous solution can help.

Frequent precipitation naturally raises the air humidity to 70-90 percent. It also negatively affects health.
High air humidity can exacerbate chronic diseases of the kidneys and joints.

Doctors advise:

Change the climate, if possible, to dry. Reduce your time outdoors in wet weather. Go for a walk in warm clothes. Remember vitamins

Atmospheric pressure and temperature

The optimum temperature for a person in a room is not higher than +18. This is especially true for the bedroom.

How is the mutual influence of atmospheric pressure and oxygen formed?

In the case of an increase in air temperature and a simultaneous decrease in atmospheric pressure, people with diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory organs suffer.

If the temperature drops and atmospheric pressure rises, it becomes bad for hypertensive patients, asthmatics and those who have problems with the stomach and genitourinary system.

In the event of a sharp and repeated fluctuation in temperature in the body, an unacceptably a large number of histamine, the main provocateur of allergies.

Good to know

What is the normal atmospheric pressure for a person, now you know. This is 760 mm Hg, but the barometer records such indicators very rarely.

It is also important to remember that the change in atmospheric pressure with height (while it rapidly decreases) occurs quite sharply. It is because of such a drop that a person climbing a mountain very quickly can lose consciousness.

In Russia, atmospheric pressure is measured in mm Hg. But international system takes pascals as the unit of measure. In this case, the normal atmospheric pressure in pascals will be equal to 100 kPa. If we convert our 760 mm Hg. in pascals, then the normal atmospheric pressure in pascals for our country will be 101.3 kPa.

Atmospheric air has physical density, as a result of which it is attracted to the Earth and creates pressure. During the development of the planet, both the composition of the atmosphere and its atmospheric pressure changed. Living organisms were forced to adapt to the existing air pressure, changing their physiological characteristics. Deviations from the average atmospheric pressure cause changes in a person's well-being, while the degree of sensitivity of people to such changes is different.

normal atmospheric pressure

Air extends from the surface of the Earth to heights of the order of hundreds of kilometers, beyond which interplanetary space begins, while the closer to the Earth, the more air is compressed under the action of its own weight, respectively, atmospheric pressure is highest earth's surface decreasing with increasing altitude.

At sea level (from which it is customary to count all heights), at a temperature of +15 degrees Celsius, atmospheric pressure averages 760 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). This pressure is considered to be normal (from a physical point of view), which does not mean at all that this pressure is comfortable for a person under any conditions.

Atmospheric pressure is measured with a barometer graduated in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), or in other physical units, for example, in pascals (Pa). 760 millimeters of mercury correspond to 101,325 pascals, but in everyday life the measurement of atmospheric pressure in pascals or derived units (hectopascals) did not take root.

Previously, atmospheric pressure was also measured in millibars, now obsolete and replaced by hectopascals. The norm of atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg. Art. corresponds to the standard atmospheric pressure of 1013 mbar.

Pressure 760 mm Hg. Art. corresponds to the action on each square centimeter of the human body by a force of 1.033 kilograms. In total, the air presses on the entire surface of the human body with a force of about 15-20 tons.

But a person does not feel this pressure, since it is balanced by air gases dissolved in tissue fluids. This balance is disturbed by changes in atmospheric pressure, which a person perceives as a deterioration in well-being.

For some areas, the average value of atmospheric pressure differs from 760 mm. rt. Art. So, if in Moscow the average pressure is 760 mm Hg. Art., then in St. Petersburg only 748 mm Hg. Art.

At night, atmospheric pressure is slightly higher than daytime, and at the Earth's poles, atmospheric pressure fluctuations are more pronounced than in equatorial zone, which only confirms the pattern that the polar regions (Arctic and Antarctic) as a habitat are hostile to humans.

In physics, the so-called barometric formula is derived, according to which, with an increase in altitude for each kilometer, atmospheric pressure drops by 13%. The actual distribution of air pressure does not follow the barometric formula quite accurately, since temperature, atmospheric composition, water vapor concentration and other indicators change depending on altitude.

Atmospheric pressure also depends on the weather, when air masses move from one area to another. All living things on Earth also react to atmospheric pressure. So, fishermen know that the rate of atmospheric pressure for fishing is reduced, because when the pressure decreases predatory fish prefers to go hunting.

Impact on human health

Weather-dependent people, and there are 4 billion of them on the planet, are sensitive to changes in atmospheric pressure, and some of them can accurately predict weather changes, guided by their well-being.

It is quite difficult to answer the question of what atmospheric pressure is the most optimal for places of residence and life of a person, since people adapt to life in different climatic conditions. Usually the pressure is in the range from 750 to 765 mm Hg. Art. does not worsen the well-being of a person, these atmospheric pressure values ​​\u200b\u200bcan be considered within the normal range.

With atmospheric pressure fluctuations weather dependent people may feel:

• headache;
• vasospasm with circulatory disorders;
• weakness and drowsiness with increased fatigue;
• pain in the joints;
• dizziness;
• feeling of numbness in the limbs;
• decrease in heart rate;
• nausea and intestinal disorders;
• shortness of breath
• decrease in visual acuity.

Baroreceptors located in the body cavities, joints and blood vessels are the first to respond to pressure changes.

With a change in pressure, weather-sensitive people experience disturbances in the work of the heart, heaviness in the chest, pain in the joints, and in case of digestive problems, flatulence and intestinal disorders are also observed. With a significant decrease in pressure, the lack of oxygen in the brain cells leads to headaches.

Also, changes in pressure can lead to mental disorders - people feel anxiety, irritation, sleep restlessly or, in general, cannot fall asleep.

Statistics confirm that with sharp changes in atmospheric pressure, the number of offenses, accidents in transport and production increases. The influence of atmospheric pressure on arterial pressure is traced. In hypertensive patients, high atmospheric pressure can cause a hypertensive crisis with headache and nausea, despite the fact that clear sunny weather is set at this moment.

On the contrary, hypotensive patients react more sharply to a decrease in atmospheric pressure. The reduced concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere causes them circulatory disorders, migraines, shortness of breath, tachycardia and weakness.

Weather sensitivity can be the result of an unhealthy lifestyle. The following factors can lead to meteosensitivity or aggravate the degree of its manifestation:

• low physical activity;
• malnutrition with concomitant overweight;
• stress and constant nervous tension;
• bad state of the environment.

The elimination of these factors reduces the degree of meteosensitivity. Weather dependent people should:

• include in the diet foods high in vitamin B6, magnesium and potassium (vegetables and fruits, honey, lactic acid products);
• limit the consumption of meat, salty and fried foods, sweets and spices;
• stop smoking and drinking alcohol;
• increase physical activity, take walks on fresh air;
• streamline sleep, sleep at least 7-8 hours.

For normal atmospheric pressure, it is customary to take the air pressure at sea level at a latitude of 45 degrees at a temperature of 0 ° C. In these ideal conditions a column of air presses on each area with the same force as a column of mercury 760 mm high. This figure is an indicator of normal atmospheric pressure.

Atmospheric pressure depends on the height of the area above sea level. On a hill, the indicators may differ from ideal, but at the same time they will also be considered the norm.

Atmospheric pressure standards in different regions

Due to the location of Moscow on a hill, the pressure here is considered to be 747-748 mm of column. In St. Petersburg, normal pressure is 753-755 mmHg. This difference is explained by the fact that the city on the Neva is located lower than Moscow. In some areas of St. Petersburg, you can meet the ideal pressure rate of 760 mm Hg. For Vladivostok, the normal pressure is 761 mmHg. And in the mountains of Tibet - 413 mm of mercury.

The effect of atmospheric pressure on people

A person's well-being is affected by a sharp fluctuation in atmospheric pressure, i.e. decrease or increase in pressure by at least 1 mmHg for three hours

With a decrease in pressure, there is a lack of oxygen in the human blood, hypoxia of the cells of the body develops, and the heartbeat quickens. Headaches appear. There are difficulties on the part respiratory system. Due to poor blood supply, a person may be disturbed by pain in the joints, numbness of the fingers.

An increase in pressure leads to an excess of oxygen in the blood and tissues of the body. The tone of blood vessels increases, which leads to their spasms. As a result, the blood circulation of the body is disturbed. There may be visual disturbances in the form of the appearance of "flies" before the eyes, dizziness, nausea. A sharp increase in pressure to large values ​​\u200b\u200bcan lead to rupture of the ear tympanic membrane.

Many people are subject to change in environment. A third of the population is affected by the attraction of air masses to the earth. Atmospheric pressure: the norm for a person, and how deviations from the indicators affect the general well-being of people.

Changes in the weather can affect the human condition

What atmospheric pressure is considered normal for a person

Atmospheric pressure is the weight of air that presses on the human body. On average, this is 1.033 kg per 1 cubic cm. That is, 10-15 tons of gas control our mass every minute.

The norm of atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg or 1013.25 mbar. Conditions in which the human body feels comfortable or adapted. In fact, the ideal weather indicator for any inhabitant of the Earth. In reality, everything is not so.

Atmospheric pressure is not stable. Its changes are daily and depend on the weather, relief, level above the sea, climate and even the time of day. Fluctuations are not noticeable to humans. For example, at night, the mercury column rises 1-2 divisions higher. Minor changes do not affect well-being healthy person. Drops of 5-10 or more units are painful, and sharp significant jumps are fatal. For comparison: loss of consciousness from altitude sickness occurs already when the pressure drops by 30 units. That is, at the level of 1000 m above the sea.

A continent and even a separate country can be divided into conditional areas with different norms of average pressure. Therefore, the optimal atmospheric pressure for each person is determined by the region of permanent residence.

High air pressure adversely affects hypertension

Such weather conditions are generous for strokes and heart attacks.

Persons who are vulnerable to the vagaries of nature are advised by doctors on such days to stay outside the zone of active work and deal with the consequences of meteorological dependence.

Meteorological dependence - what to do?

The movement of mercury by more than one division in 3 hours is a reason for stress in a strong organism of a healthy person. Each of us feels such fluctuations in the form of a headache, drowsiness, fatigue. More than a third of people suffer from weather dependence in varying degrees of severity. In the zone of high sensitivity, the population with diseases of the cardiovascular, nervous and respiratory systems, the elderly. How to help yourself if a dangerous cyclone is approaching?

15 Ways to Survive a Weather Cyclone

Not much new advice has been collected here. It is believed that together they alleviate suffering and teach the right way of life with meteorological vulnerability:

1. See your doctor regularly. Consult, discuss, ask for advice in case of deterioration of health. Have your prescribed medications handy at all times.
2. Buy a barometer. It is more productive to track the weather by the movement of the mercury column, rather than knee pain. So you will be able to anticipate the impending cyclone.
3. Watch the weather forecast. Forewarned is forearmed.
4. On the eve of a change in weather, get enough sleep and go to bed earlier than usual.
5. Set up a sleep schedule. Get yourself a full 8-hour sleep, getting up and falling asleep at the same time. This has a powerful restorative effect.
6. The meal schedule is equally important. Follow a balanced diet. Potassium, magnesium and calcium are essential minerals. Overeating ban.
7. Drink vitamins in a course in spring and autumn.
8. Fresh air, walking outside - light and regular exercise strengthens the heart.
9. Don't overstress. Postponing household chores is not as dangerous as weakening the body before a cyclone.
10. Accumulate favorable emotions. Depressed emotional background feeds the disease, so smile more often.
11. Clothing made of synthetic threads and fur is harmful to static current.
12. store folk ways relieving symptoms in a prominent place. The recipe for herbal tea or compress is hard to remember when whiskey ache.
13. Office workers in high-rise buildings suffer from weather changes more often. Take a day off if possible, or better yet, change jobs.
14. A long cyclone is discomfort for several days. Is it possible to go to a quiet region? Forward.
15. Prevention at least a day before the cyclone prepares and strengthens the body. Do not give up!

Don't Forget to Take Vitamins for Health

Atmosphere pressure- This is a phenomenon that is absolutely independent of a person. Moreover, our body obeys him. What should be the optimal pressure for a person determines the region of residence. People with chronic diseases are especially susceptible to meteorological dependence.

Meteorological dependence is a common occurrence. One in three adults respond to change weather conditions. Few people know that in fact the condition of people worsens with fluctuations in atmospheric pressure.

Definition and essence

Air in the atmosphere is a mixture of gases having a certain density. Since the air mass is attracted to the globe, it presses on the entire surface of the planet. Including people.

Atmospheric pressure is the mass of air that presses on a person.

In numerical terms, weight air mass, which puts pressure on us every day, fluctuates between 14 and 16 tons or 1.033/cm³. So why do we not notice such gravity? This is because the fluids in our body balance the pressure. If the force changes for any reason, the balance is disturbed.

What is measured

Atmospheric pressure is measured using a barometer and a thermohygrometer.

So the units of pressure are:

• millimeters of mercury (mm Hg);
• Pascals;
• bars;
• kg/cm³;
• atmosphere.

What affects the score

Atmospheric pressure is a variable indicator, it varies depending on many factors:

1. The location of the area above sea level.
2. Time of day.
3. weather conditions.
4. climatic conditions.
5. relief.

When climbing one kilometer, the pressure drops by 0.13 from the previous value. For example, at a kilometer from sea level, atmospheric pressure is already 760, and 730 millimeters. This pattern is exactly observed at low altitudes. Then she crashes.

When descending to a certain depth, the pressure changes in the same proportion.

At night, the pressure increases by 1-2 millimeters of mercury from the daytime indicator.

Due to the change of cyclones, in which low pressure prevails, and anticyclones, which carry high atmospheric pressure, the indicator can range from 641 to 816 mm Hg. Art. at sea level.

Since the human body adapts to living conditions, people have different pressure standards. So, the norm of a resident of Canada will differ significantly from the norm of an Australian. And even within the country, the indicator may deviate.

Atmospheric pressure standards

The ideal pressure indicator is 760 millimeters of mercury or 1013.25 millibars. In such conditions, a person does not feel any discomfort.

But this indicator is specially measured above sea level in France at an air temperature of +15 degrees Celsius. It is very rare to find it in other parts of the world.

Since in different countries different relief, then all the inhabitants of the planet are adapted to their pressure norm. For example, residents of Mexico City do not tolerate an indicator that is considered the norm, since their pressure does not exceed 580 mm Hg. Art.

Fluctuations within the normal range

Changes up to 5 mm are considered normal, and our body copes with them absolutely calmly. In this case, a person does not experience discomfort or discomfort.

Fluctuations from 5 to 10 millimeters of mercury can bring discomfort to people with poor health.

More drastic changes can be fatal.

The influence of fluctuations hell on the human body

Since the balance is achieved due to the fluids of our body - blood, lymph, tissue fluid - atmospheric pressure directly affects arterial pressure. A change in one leads to an imbalance in the other.

Low barometer

The decrease in pressure that occurs when climbing to a height can lead to the following consequences:

• labored breathing;
• low heart rate;
• fatigue, drowsiness;
• apathy;
• low blood pressure;
• headache;
• bouts of dizziness;
• nausea or vomiting;
• disorders of the digestive system;
• concentration problems.

With a decrease in air pressure, people with pathologies of the respiratory system and usually low blood pressure are at risk. Usually their condition in such conditions becomes worse. If a person does not feel changes, for him such fluctuations can be considered the norm.

High barometer

Upward fluctuations of the mercury column are observed when descending into mines, caves or other lowlands.

Discomfort will differ from low blood pressure:

• buzzing in the ears, stuffing up the ears;
• pulsation in temples and neck;
• increased blood pressure;
• increase in heart rate;
• a rush of blood to the skin of a person, redness;
• flies before the eyes;
• headache:
• dizziness;
• nausea or vomiting.

Note!

High atmospheric pressure often causes heart attacks and strokes. People who are prone to meteorological dependence should monitor the weather conditions and, on days of high blood pressure, do not overload their body with stress or physical exertion.

At-risk groups

If mercury shifts even by one division in 2-3 hours, weather-dependent people will feel it. Fatigue, drowsiness, nausea and other unpleasant or even painful symptoms will immediately manifest themselves. Who can be attributed to people dependent on changes in atmospheric pressure?

Various injuries, diseases or congenital pathologies are the cause of such unpleasant symptoms. So people suffer from meteorological dependence first of all:

• with high or low blood pressure;
• with pathologies of the respiratory system - asthma, bronchitis, pleurisy, injuries chest, sinusitis, sinusitis;
• with disorders of the musculoskeletal system - arthrosis, osteochondrosis, old injuries;
• with ear diseases;
• after traumatic brain injury or with increased intracranial pressure.

What to do to relieve symptoms

It is very important for middle-aged and older people to take good care of their health. Cyclones and anticyclones can cause serious consequences.

To prevent stroke and heart attack, as well as alleviate unpleasant symptoms, it is worth heeding some tips:

1. Consultation with the attending physician. He, based on the characteristics of the patient, will be able to choose the right drug or, for example, treatment in an oxygen pressure chamber.
2. Regular check of weather conditions. It is necessary to free such days from stress at work and at home.
3. Proper sleep pattern. Sleep duration should be at least 7 hours. When the weather changes, it is better to go to bed earlier.
4. Proper nutrition. The menu should be balanced and complete. Eliminate fatty, but eat foods containing omega 3-6-9 acids.
5. Walks in the fresh air (preferably in the evening).
6. Moderate physical activity.
7. Reduced stress levels.

Conclusion

Since the relief and climate on the planet are significantly different, there is no absolute norm for atmospheric pressure. Many middle-aged and older people are weather dependent, so they should carefully and carefully treat their health during cyclones and anticyclones. There are several ways to cope with unpleasant symptoms during changes in atmospheric pressure.

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