VLKSM: history, goals and objectives of the organization. reference. What did the pioneers do in the USSR, how were they accepted into the Komsomol, and who are the Octobrists? When was the last time you were accepted into the Komsomol

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I joined the Komsomol in 1988, at the end of the 8th grade. I remember we went to some classes after school - one of the teachers told us about the charter, about how many orders the Komsomol had and for what they gave, etc. I didn’t bother to memorize all this information, I thought that somehow later ... And then one fine spring day we are torn from the lessons (hooray!), And on the way we find out that we are being taken to the district committee to be accepted into the Komsomol. The first thought is that they will "fill up". My classmate and I, who, in principle, was very exemplary, but within reasonable limits, so we didn’t really learn all this either, decided to go in the last rows. Like, let's see if they bring down a lot, if anything, we'll fade away so as not to disgrace ourselves. It wasn't there. We were herded into the office of the first secretary in a crowd, lined up in a semicircle and ... they began to call in alphabetical order and hand over Komsomol tickets. And no interview. And with the recommendations, everything was simple - one en masse was signed by the Komsomol organizer of the school, others were taken from friends. One figure generally composed for himself an employee of a trolleybus depot, a member of the CPSU, and signed for him himself. Canaled.
It was more fun when in the 11th grade (to which I went directly from the 9th) I tried to leave the Komsomol for political reasons - by that time I no longer believed in the "only correct" policy of the CPSU. At first, my application was kept under wraps for a long time, then after my visit to the district committee, where they had soul-saving conversations with me for a long time, after which the first secretary (as I remember now, by the name of Mokryi) personally declared "we have no right to persuade you", they nevertheless satisfied request. It turned out that this was the first case in the area and almost the only one in the city. Then the zavrono personally came to carry out educational work with me, who arranged for me to be interrogated with prejudice in the director's office. In particular, he threatened with "organs". And then, after 1991, this zavrono for the first time tried to remain "for the Reds", even tried to fuck the leadership of the schools where there were polling stations, to falsify in favor of the communists in the next elections. By the way, our head teacher educational work, which I especially hated for kondovy sovkism, categorically refused to do this. She said that she is only for those communists who are for justice, and justice is how the people actually voted, even if the people are wrong. When they told me about it, I respected her.
Well, the former zavraiono Viktor Padlovich Garkavets then received a promotion to the zavgorono, after which he quickly repainted. I do not rule out that this classic red-yellow-blakty bastard rules the educational system of the city of Kharkov to this day. But no independent bodies dealt with his person for sure. It's a pity. On the whole, I have a negative attitude towards Bandera, but they didn’t hang such people like this Garkavets.

October 29, 2018 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of the Komsomol. Komsomol is a mass patriotic organization Soviet youth. There are no other examples in history of a youth movement that would reach more than 160 million people over the years of its existence and could boast of real achievements.

Civil war, labor five-year plans, heroism in the years Great Fatherland enoy, virgin lands, Komsomol shock construction projects - all this is the Komsomol. The birth of the Komsomol is not an act implanted from above, it is the unification of the energy and warmth of the hearts of young people who dream of being useful to their homeland.

background

The initiator and ideologist of the organizational completion of attempts to create numerous youth groups was V. I. Lenin. And they were created before the revolution. At first, youth primary organizations were formed within the party and united workers and students. It was the students who were the most revolutionary class of that time.

During the period of Dual Power (February-October 1917), when history could unfold both towards the bourgeois and towards the socialist system, N. K. Krupskaya and V. I. Lenin developed a program of revolutionary youth associations.

In large cities, organizations were created that became the basis for creating a structure of an all-Russian scale. For example, the SSRM (Union of Socialist working youth) in Petrograd, approaching the birthday of the Komsomol.

Congress of Workers' and Peasants' Youth

In the midst civil war(1918) in Moscow, the first congress of delegates from scattered youth organizations throughout the country took place. 176 people arrived from everywhere: from territories captured by the White Guards, as well as by the German army (Ukraine, Poland); from breakaway Finland and the self-proclaimed Baltic republics, as well as from Japanese-occupied Vladivostok. They were united by the desire to create a new power built on the principles of justice. The opening day of the congress (October 29) will go down in history as the birthday of the Komsomol, which united more than 22 thousand people.

The adopted charter and program of the All-Russian organization stated that it was independent, but operated under the leadership of the Communist Party, which determined its ideological direction. The main speaker was Lazar Abramovich Shatskin, the author of the program. His name is little known in the country, because during the years of Stalinist repressions he would be shot for accusations of Trotskyism. Like many other first secretaries of the Central Committee, who led the organization until 1938.

Symbols of the RKSM

The lists of delegates to the first congress have not been preserved even in the archives. Later, the task arose of identifying belonging to an organization that was called the RKSM (Russian Communist Youth Union). Already in 1919, Komsomol tickets appeared.

In the conditions of the civil war, during which the Central Committee announced three mobilizations, they were kept and protected at the cost of their lives. A little later, the first icons appeared. Their release, at first in insufficient quantities, was handled by the Komsomol itself. The birth of the Komsomol was immortalized with four letters RKSM against the background of a flag with a star. The badges were awarded to the leaders of production and the best representatives of the organization.

Since 1922, a new unified form was approved with the abbreviation KIM, meaning the Communist Youth International. The form will also change in 1947, acquiring its final form only in 1956. It will already be handed over to all those joining the ranks of the organization along with a Komsomol ticket.

Tasks of the Komsomol

In 1920, the Civil War was still going on, but it became clear that the Red Army was winning. This set serious tasks for the Bolshevik Party to restore the destroyed economy, create the country's energy base and create a new society. The state needed competent personnel, so 2.10. 1920 at the next (III) congress of the Komsomol, V.I. Lenin, who defined the mission of the newly created organization: to study communism. It already included 482 thousand people.

In the year of the birth of the Komsomol, it was important to win, but now it was necessary to form the generation that was to live in different social conditions. The military front was to be replaced by the labor front. The grandiose accomplishments in the prewar years became possible thanks to the participation of working youth in collectivization, Komsomol construction sites, patronage of universal education, the movement of "thousanders" (who fulfilled the plan by 1000%) and obtaining a higher vocational education(workers' faculty). Many Western analysts believed that the success of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War became possible thanks to the upbringing of a person of a new formation, who puts the interests of the country above personal ones, in which the Komsomol succeeded.

The birth of the Komsomol: the name of V. I. Lenin

In January 1924, the country was shocked by the news of the death of V. I. Lenin, the leader of the world proletariat and the leader of the country. In the summer of the same year, the Congress (VI) of the RKSM was held, at which the issue of assigning the name of V. I. Lenin to the Komsomol was decided. The appeal spoke of a firm determination to live, fight and work in the Leninist way. His little book "The Tasks of Youth Unions" became a desktop for every Komsomol member.

The birthday of the Leninist Komsomol (July 12) added the letter “L” to the abbreviation of the name of the organization, and over the next two years it was referred to as the RLKSM.

Status of the all-Union organization

The date of formation of the USSR is 12/30/1922, when four republics became part of the union state: the RSFSR, the Byelorussian SSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Transcaucasian SFSR. The status of the All-Union Komsomol organization received in 1926 at the VII Congress. The birthday of the Komsomol of the USSR is March 11, while the Komsomol of all union republics was preserved.

Such a structure existed until the Komsomol was alive. The birth of the Komsomol in 1918 ended with its self-dissolution in September 1991, which is associated with the collapse of the Union. Despite the emergence of organizations that consider themselves the legal successors of the Komsomol - the Komsomol of the Russian Federation, the RKSM, the RKSM (b), there is no longer such a mass structure in the history of the country. In 1977, its members were 36 million people, almost the entire population of the country from 14 to 28 years old.

One hundred years separate us from the day when the 1st All-Russian Congress of Unions of Workers' and peasant youth. It happened on 29 Oct. 1918. Thus was born the Russian Communist Youth Union, which in March 1926 was renamed the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union (VLKSM).

×The creation of the Komsomol is one of the brilliant projects of the Soviet government. By uniting the advanced youth in the ranks of the Komsomol, the Bolshevik Party received an active assistant in educating the youth in the communist spirit and involving them in the practical construction of a new society. The Komsomol became a reliable reserve of the party. During the existence of the Komsomol, almost 130 million young people went through its school, more than 12 million Komsomol members joined the Communist Party.
The history of the Komsomol is inextricably linked with the history of the revolutionary struggle of the working class for its liberation and the building of communism. The merit of the Bolshevik Party, which has always paid exceptional attention to the education, organization and protection of the interests of the young generation of working people, is the merit of awakening class self-consciousness among young workers, as well as peasants, in developing revolutionary sentiments among students.
V. I. Lenin constantly drew the Party's attention to the tasks of the revolutionary education of the youth. In the draft resolution of the 2nd Congress of the RSDLP "On the attitude towards the student youth", written by Lenin, it was noted that the spontaneously developing youth movement needs help from the revolutionaries, especially in the matter of educating "an integral and consistent socialist worldview." He feared that the ideologically weak youth might be carried away by pseudo-revolutionaryism or become infected with opportunism; Lenin warned against "false friends". During the Revolution of 1905-07 in Russia, he raised the question of the progressive youth as a reserve of the party. The Bolsheviks resolutely exposed the attempts of the bourgeois. and petty-bourgeois parties to distract the youth from the revolutionary struggle. Lenin resolutely opposed the underestimation of the role of youth, called for bolder and wider involvement in revolutionary struggle, to involve in the ranks of the party. In December 1916, Lenin's article "Youth International" was published, which stated that it was necessary to skillfully lead the "boiling", seething, seeking youth, not to forget that the youth "... of necessity is forced to approach socialism in a different way, in the wrong way, not in the same form, not in the same environment as her fathers. Insisting on the organizational independence of the youth union, Lenin emphasized that without this "... the youth will not be able to develop good socialists out of themselves, nor prepare to lead socialism forward." Speaking against petty guardianship and administration, Lenin noted the need for comradely criticism of the mistakes of the youth. "We must not flatter the youth."
The Bolsheviks carried out tireless work with the youth in factories and factories, in the villages, in legal societies, Sunday schools, in soldiers' barracks, in illegal circles, fighting squads, in preparing a strike or demonstration - wherever there was the slightest opportunity for this, they involved them in direct struggle against oppression and exploitation, passed on to her the experience of old fighters. In the revolutionary battles, the young generation of the working class and the working peasantry was formed and strengthened. As a result of the activities of the Bolsheviks, a broad proletarian youth movement was prepared. After the victory of the February Revolution, circles, committees of working youth, and then unions began to spring up in the factories and factories of Petrograd, Moscow, and other industrial centers. Young proletarians, uniting to continue the struggle for their political and economic. rights, rallied under the slogans of the Bolsheviks.
An important role in the development of the youth movement was played by the 6th Congress of the RSDLP (b) (July - August 1917). In the resolution "On Youth Unions," the Congress called for the creation of an independent organization inextricably linked with the Party.
The Great October Socialist Revolution made a radical change in the destinies of the young generation of Russia. For the first time in history, Soviet power provided ample opportunities for young proletarians in all spheres of socio-political and socio-economic life. Decrees of the Soviet government established a 6-hour working day for adolescents, prohibited the work of children under 14 years of age, established labor protection, and introduced industrial training for young people at the expense of the state. The doors of secondary and higher schools were opened to the children of workers and working peasants.
The 1st All-Russian Congress of Unions of Workers' and Peasants' Youth united the disparate unions into an all-Russian organization with a single center, working under the leadership of the RCP(b). For the first time, a new type of youth organization was created - communist in goals and tasks, class in nature, amateur in the principles of its activity, designed to ensure the role of a "transmission belt" in the system of the dictatorship of the proletariat, linking the party with the widest sections of working youth, to be a conductor of party influence on masses, act as a reserve Communist Party.
In connection with the formation of the Komsomol, the Central Committee of the RCP(b) sent a circular letter to all party organizations in November 1918, which stated that the RKSM was a school that trained new conscious cadres of communists. To strengthen the Komsomol, the Central Committee of the RCP (b) recommended to party members Komsomol age join the RKSM and take an active part in the work of its organizations. The 8th Congress of the RCP(b) (1919) adopted a special resolution "On work among the youth." The congress recognized the RKSM as an organization that performs tremendous work in uniting and communist education of the youth, involving the youth in the construction of communism and organizing it for the defense Soviet Republic. The congress stressed the need for ideological and material support of the Komsomol from the party.
It must be said that in all subsequent decisions of the party congresses, the care and support of the Komsomol was always provided.
The RKSM was an active participant in the Civil War; he spent three all-Russian mobilization to the front. The Komsomol organizations of the front line were fully mobilized into the Red Army. In 1918-20, the Komsomol sent more than 75,000 of its members to the Red Army. In total, up to 200,000 Komsomol members took part in the struggle against the interventionists, White Guards and bandits. They fought heroically against the enemies: 19-year-old commander of the 30th division Albert Lapin, future writers Nikolai Ostrovsky and Arkady Gaidar, commander of the armored train Lyudmila Makiyevskaya, commissars Alexander Kondratiev and Anatoly Popov, leader of the Far Eastern Komsomol Vitaly Banevur, one of the organizers of the Uzbek Komsomol Abdulla Nabiev and pl. etc. The Komsomol fought selflessly behind enemy lines. In commemoration of military merits on the fronts of the Civil War in the period 1919-20 against the troops of the White Guard generals Kolchak, Denikin, Yudenich, the White Poles and Wrangel, the Komsomol was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Battle in 1928 by a decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.
In October 1920, the 3rd Congress of the RKSM was held. The most important theoretical and programmatic document, a guide for the activities of the party and the Komsomol, was Lenin's speech at the congress on October 2. 1920 "The tasks of youth unions". Lenin saw the main goal of the Komsomol in "... helping the party to build communism and helping the entire young generation to create a communist society." struggle of all working people against the exploiters.
From that moment on, the RKSM began to concentrate its activities on the tasks of socialist construction and the communist education of the youth. Komsomol directed all efforts to restore the destroyed during the war years National economy. Boys and girls participated in the restoration of factories in Petrograd, Moscow, the Urals, mines and factories in the Donbass, the country's railway. Komsomol members assisted the Soviet government in the fight against speculation, sabotage, and banditry. Parts of special purpose were formed from communists and Komsomol members.
The energy and enthusiasm of the Komsomol members were also manifested in the implementation of the cultural revolution. They fought for the eradication of illiteracy, for the eradication of religious superstitions, remnants of the past in everyday life, with philistinism, private property psychology, and a rapacious attitude to work. Komsomol members organized reading huts, clubs, distributed books, newspapers, magazines, posters, leaflets. In 1920, on the initiative of the Komsomol, factory apprenticeship schools were created to train skilled workers and workers' faculties (workers' faculties) to prepare working youth for entering universities.
The Komsomol actively promoted Leninism among the youth. A wide network of Komsomol political education was created. Over 20 thousand circles operated in the country. More than 100 thousand Komsomol members were engaged in the system of party education. The Komsomol press played an important role in the upbringing: the magazines Young Communist, Young Guard, Change, Journal of Peasant Youth, the newspaper TVNZ and local newspapers.
The Komsomol acted as the instigator of socialist emulation, and in 1927 launched a mass campaign to rationalize production and increase labor productivity. In 1929, the Central Committee of the Komsomol carried out the Leninist recruitment of youth into shock brigades, called on the youth to start the All-Union Socialist Competition, and carried out the first mobilization of youth for new buildings of the 1st Five-Year Plan. More than 200,000 Komsomol members came to the construction sites with vouchers from their organizations. With the active participation of the Komsomol, the Dneproges, the Moscow and Gorky Automobile Plants, the Stalingrad Tractor Plant, the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works were built, Railway Turksib and others.
The role of Komsomol members in collectivization was significant. Agriculture. There were over 1 million young peasants in the ranks of the village Komsomol. The Komsomol put forward a number of effective forms of mobilization of peasant youth: it held an All-Union campaign for the harvest, a “month of the plow”, created “detachments of red plowmen”, “agricultural intelligence”, etc. Among the twenty-five thousandth workers who left for the village, more than 2 thousand people were members Komsomol. Komsomol members brought the experience of socialist emulation and shock work to the countryside, young workers helped in the repair of agricultural. inventory, launched a movement for the creation of Komsomol tractor columns, took an active part in the construction of machine and tractor stations (MTS). "Komsomolets - on the tractor!" - this slogan was one of the most popular in the village. On the recommendations of Komsomol cells, thousands of young collective farmers were sent to courses for tractor drivers and machine operators.
Decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on January 21. 1931 "for the initiative shown in the cause of shock work and socialist competition, ensuring the successful implementation of the five-year plan for the development of the national economy ..." Komsomol was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
In subsequent years, the Komsomol, without weakening its participation in economic and state construction, paid considerable attention to the ideological education of young people, the organization of their education, the physical development of young men and women, and their preparation for the defense of socialist gains. The Komsomol devotes a lot of energy to the development of the defense industry and the branches associated with it, in particular, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, and oil production. Envoys of the Komsomol participated in the creation of the “Second Baku”, the construction of the Amurstal plant, the Komsomol patronizes the construction of new cruisers, submarines, destroyers, aircraft, tanks, etc., strengthens patronage ties with the Navy and Air Force. The Komsomol Central Committee conducts a mass military-technical examination of Komsomol members. About 1 million members of the Komsomol became "Voroshilov Strelka", more than 5 million passed the norms of air defense, military topography and other military specialties. In 1936 alone, about 4 million people passed the norms for the “Ready for Labor and Defense” badge. On behalf of the party, the Komsomol was engaged in recruiting military schools. As of July 1, 1940, among the officers of the Red Army there were 56.4% communists and 22.1% Komsomol members.
The VLKSM did a lot of work in the Communist Youth International, striving to create a united front to fight fascism, against the threat of world war.
The Great Patriotic War was a severe test for the entire Soviet people and its younger generation. The Komsomol, all Soviet youth, at the call of the Communist Party, came out to fight the Nazi invaders. Already in the first year of the war, about 2 million Komsomol members joined the ranks of the Red Army. Unprecedented courage, bravery, heroism were shown by Komsomol members, young men and women, defending Brest, Liepaja, Odessa, Sevastopol, Smolensk, Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, Stalingrad, other cities and regions of the country from the enemy. Only the Komsomol organization of Moscow and the region in the first 5 months of the war sent over 300 thousand people to the front; 90% of the members of the Leningrad organization of the Komsomol fought against the invaders on the outskirts of the city of Lenin. Fearlessly, young partisans and underground fighters of Belarus, the occupied regions of the RSFSR, Ukraine, and the Baltic states acted behind enemy lines. Partisan detachments consisted of 30-45% Komsomol members. Unparalleled heroism was shown by members of the underground Komsomol organizations- "Young Guard" (Krasnodon), "Partisan spark" (Nikolaev region), Lyudinovsk underground Komsomol group (Kaluga region), Komsomol underground members of the village. Obol (Vitebsk region), Khotyn (Bukovina), Kaunas (Lithuanian SSR), etc.
Komsomol members worked selflessly in the rear, providing the front with everything necessary. A significant part of front-line orders fell on the shoulders of the youth, who came to the enterprises in exchange for those drafted into the army. The Komsomol members put forward the slogan: "Work for yourself and for a comrade who has gone to the front!" In youth collectives, a movement has unfolded for overfulfillment of production, tasks by 2-3 or more times, thousands of workers, multi-machine workers. By the end of the war, there were over 154,000 front-line Komsomol youth brigades in industry. Due to work on Sundays, during overtime hours, young people contributed tens of millions of rubles to the country's defense fund. Boys and girls, teenagers, along with women, became the main force in agriculture. 70% of trained rural machine operators at that time were young people.
Of the 7 thousand Heroes of the Owls. Union under the age of 30, 3.5 thousand are Komsomol members (of which 60 are twice Heroes of the Soviet Union), 3.5 million Komsomol members were awarded orders and medals. The names of members of the Komsomol who fell in the fight against the fascist invaders: Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Alexander Chekalin, Liza Chaikina, Alexander Matrosov, Yuri Smirnov, Viktor Talalikhin, Grigory Kagamlyk, Gafur Mamedov, Alexander Passar, Marita Melnikayte, Imant Sudmalis, Noah Adamiy, Theodosius Smolyachkov and pl. others - have become a symbol of courage, courage, heroism.
For outstanding services to the Motherland during the years of the Great Fatherland, the war, and for the great work in educating Soviet youth in the spirit of selfless devotion to the socialist Fatherland of the Komsomol by Decree of the Presidium of the Upper. Council of the USSR June 14, 1945 was awarded the Order of Lenin. The Young Communist League put a lot of work into the restoration of the national economy destroyed by the Nazi invaders, into the construction of Minsk, Smolensk, Stalingrad, into the restoration of Leningrad, Kharkov, Kursk, Voronezh, Sevastopol, Odessa, Rostov-on-Don and many others. other cities, in the revival of industry and the cities of Donbass, Dneproges, collective farms, state farms and MTS. In 1948 alone, the youth built and put into operation 6,200 rural power stations. The Komsomol showed great concern for the placement of children and adolescents left without parents, for the expansion of the network of orphanages and vocational schools, and the construction of schools.
In the 40-50s. Komsomol helped build large hydraulic structures (Volga-Don Canal), powerful hydroelectric stations (Volzhskaya named after Lenin, Kuibyshevskaya, Kakhovskaya, etc.).
In 1948, the Komsomol celebrated its thirtieth anniversary. Oct 28 1948 Presidium Top. The Soviet of the USSR awarded the Komsomol with the second Order of Lenin.
The Komsomol took an active part in the implementation of the measures worked out by the Party for the advancement of agriculture. Thousands of young specialists, workers and employees, graduates of secondary schools were sent to state farms, collective farms, MTS. In 1954-55, on the Komsomol vouchers for the development of the virgin lands of Kazakhstan, Altai, and Siberia, St. 350 thousand young people. Their work was a real feat. Decree of the Presidium of the Top. Council of the USSR for active participation in communist construction and especially for the development of virgin lands of the Komsomol November 5, 1956 was awarded the third Order of Lenin.
In subsequent years, the scope of activities of the Komsomol in solving national economic problems, in particular, in the development of the wealth of Siberia, Far East and the Far North, in the redistribution of the country's labor resources. More than 70,000 All-Union detachments have been formed, and more than 500,000 young people have been sent to new buildings. With the most active participation of young people, about 1,500 important facilities were built and put into operation, including the largest in the world - the Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Plant, the Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Plant, the Baikal-Amur Mainline named after Lenin Komsomol, the Druzhba oil pipeline, etc. The Komsomol sponsored 100 shock construction projects, including the development of the unique oil and gas resources of the Tyumen and Tomsk region. Student construction teams have become a tradition of university Komsomol members. Millions of students took part in labor semesters. At the initiative of the Komsomol, the construction of youth residential complexes became widespread. Youth residential complexes have been built in 156 cities and regions of the country. The Komsomol is the initiator of all-Union campaigns to places of revolutionary, military and labor glory, in which millions of young men and women take part. The children's and youth competitions "Golden Puck", "Leather Ball", "Olympic Spring", "Neptune" and the all-Union military sports game "Zarnitsa" held by the Central Committee of the Komsomol have become truly massive. Komsomol and Soviet youth organizations cooperated with international, regional, national and local youth associations in 129 countries of the world. On July 5, 1956, the Committee of Youth Organizations of the USSR was established; on May 10, 1958, the Sputnik International Youth Tourism Bureau was established.
The highest Komsomol award, which had prestige in society, was the Lenin Komsomol Prize. It was received by a few - "stars of the first magnitude." For 25 years (from 1966 to 1991) 5527 people became laureates.
Komsomol paid great attention to the political education of young people. The Higher Komsomol School under the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, established in 1969, was the central link in this system. Over the years of the existence of the Higher School of Schools, they received the highest and second higher education over 20 thousand people plus almost 10 thousand foreigners from 110 countries of the world. More than 1,000 people have completed postgraduate studies and defended their Ph.D. dissertations.
In 1968, for outstanding services and a great contribution of Komsomol members to the formation and strengthening of Soviet power, courage and heroism shown in battles with the enemies of the socialist Fatherland, active participation in the construction of socialism, for fruitful work on political education rising generations in connection with the 50th anniversary of the Komsomol was awarded the Order of the October Revolution.
It was a well-deserved award. No other socio-political organization has received such high recognition of its merits. And it was completely justified. For many years, the Komsomol was indeed a real life school for Soviet youth. The functional elasticity of the Komsomol allowed it to find its application in the most various fields vital activity Soviet society and made him an indispensable assistant to the party in all matters.
But the situation gradually began to change, it changed especially sharply in the second half of the 1980s. This period is much more difficult than all the previous difficult periods in which the Russian history. evolutionary processes in the Komsomol proceeded without due political will in the matter of their implementation, did not find the proper response and support from the members of the Komsomol. The Komsomol organization degraded following the degeneration of the party. She was struck by the same illnesses: formalism, hushing up shortcomings, the gap between word and deed, the weak influence of the Komsomol on solving youth problems, excessive centralization of leadership, a deep contradiction between the democratic nature of the organization and bureaucratic methods of leadership, between the desire of young people for something new and forms frozen for decades. work.
In a belated attempt to revive the activities of the Komsomol, the 20th Congress adopted a new Charter, which significantly expanded the rights of the primary Komsomol organizations, including in the economic sphere. In addition to this, in August 1988, the Council of Ministers of the USSR, by its Decree, provided the Komsomol with serious tax benefits, which caused a rapid growth of self-supporting youth organizations.
Thus, the Komsomol was among the first organizations and economic entities that switched to the principles of full cost accounting and self-financing. We can say that the Komsomol has become a testing ground for the market mechanism in the country. Cities began to create "innovative", as they would say today, platforms for working with youth - Youth Houses. Those. a destructive injection of alien ideology and alien values ​​was made into the body of the Komsomol.
It would seem that here it is - the democratic "perestroika" of the Komsomol, is in full swing. But she did not stop the crisis. The organization began to disintegrate. The first "swallow" of the direct collapse of the Komsomol was the Communist Youth Union of Lithuania, which in 1989 declared its independence. In the same year, the Estonian Komsomol separated. Further more. By 1990, the issue of organizational formalization of the now Russian Komsomol was on the agenda. As a result, at the first congress of the Komsomol organizations of the RSFSR, held in February 1990, the Komsomol of the RSFSR was formed, however, it is still part of the Komsomol.
But it has already been said from the podium that it is time to reorganize the “united and indivisible” VLKSM into a federation of independent Komsomol organizations, which was done two months later, at the 21st Extraordinary Congress.
The new model of the Komsomol also required a change in the previous relationship with the party, and the VLKSM finally declared its full political independence. As a result, the Komsomol was far ahead of the Communist Party and many public organizations in the "democratization" of union work. V.M. was elected the first secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee at this congress. Zyukin.
During the preparation of the XXI Congress of the Komsomol Central Committee still believed that there were alternative ideas for the development of the Komsomol: in the form of a movement of political clubs, scientific and technical creativity of youth, youth housing complexes, student construction teams, an environmental movement, etc. But after the August events of 1991, the Central Committee sharply headed for the liquidation of the Komsomol organizations.
Everything was decided at the XXII Extraordinary Congress of the Komsomol, convened in Moscow in September 1991. This congress was unlike any of the previous ones: “there were no orders, no bust of Lenin on the stage, no traditional pioneer greeting. In his report, V. M. Zyukin stated: “The old system has been destroyed, and together with it, the organization that was an element of the system must leave political existence. The existence of the Komsomol even in new clothes is objectively impossible.” The fate of the Komsomol was sealed.
Of course, after the ban on the CPSU and the collapse of the entire socialist system, the Komsomol, as part of the system (political and social), could not survive alone.
All this happened in the nearest historical past of the Komsomol, and its lessons are most directly related to what is happening today.
Today, young people are disunited, subject to the corrupting influence of the social environment formed over the years of the so-called democracy, plunging them into a state of hopelessness, drawing them into drug addiction, pushing them to commit crimes, and so on. The youth are in fear for their future.
At the same time, other processes are also taking place. There is a renaissance of leftist ideas among young people. Life makes young people think more and more about what is happening around, about social injustice, about the gulf between the rich and the poor. More and more often you can see young people at protest rallies.
Fortunately, the Komsomol has not died, it lives and fights in new conditions, reborn as the Russian Leninist Communist Youth Union. The Russian Komsomol is gaining strength and experience in political struggle, reviving the traditions of the Leninist Komsomol, such as, for example, supporting defrauded equity holders, helping the struggling Donbass, organizing student construction teams, etc. Time has given birth to new youth leaders who have already made themselves known. This is Vladimir Isakov, and Yaroslav Listov, and Maria Drobot, and Georgy Kamnev, and Anatoly Dolgachev, and many others.
The future belongs to the young, and it is for them to revive socialist Russia.
Ivan Nikitchuk,
Chairman of the CA RUSO

The Komsomol organization, which celebrates its 90th anniversary on October 29, ended its existence almost 20 years ago, but its anniversary is celebrated on a grand scale throughout the country.

The All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union (VLKSM) is a youth socio-political organization created at the 1st All-Russian Congress of Unions of Workers' and Peasants' Youth on October 29 - November 4, 1918.

The congress united the disparate youth unions into an all-Russian organization with a single center, working under the leadership of the Russian Communist Party. The congress adopted the basic principles of the program and the charter of the Russian Communist Youth Union (RKSM). The theses approved by the congress stated: "The goal of the Union is to spread the ideas of communism and to involve the youth of workers and peasants in the active construction of Soviet Russia."

In July 1924, the RKSM was named after V.I. Lenin and it became known as the Russian Leninist Communist Youth Union (RLKSM). In connection with the formation of the USSR (1922), the Komsomol in March 1926 was renamed the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union (VLKSM).

From the Charter of the Komsomol: “VLKSM is an amateur public organization, uniting in its ranks the broad masses of progressive Soviet youth. Komsomol is an active assistant and reserve of the Communist Party Soviet Union. True to Lenin's precepts, the Komsomol helps the party educate young people in the spirit of communism, involve them in the practical construction of a new society, prepare a generation of comprehensively developed people who will live, work and manage public affairs under communism. The VLKSM works under the leadership of the Communist Party, is an active conductor of party directives in all areas of communist construction.

According to the Charter of the Komsomol, young men and girls aged 14 to 28 were accepted into the Komsomol. The primary organizations of the Komsomol were created at enterprises, collective farms, state farms, educational institutions, institutions, parts Soviet army and fleet. The supreme governing body of the Komsomol is the All-Union Congress; All work of the Union between congresses was directed by the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, which elects the Bureau and the Secretariat.

The history of the Komsomol was inextricably linked with the history of the USSR. Komsomol members were active participants in the Civil War of 1918-1920 in the ranks of the Red Army. In commemoration of military merits, the Komsomol in 1928 was awarded the order Red Banner.

For his initiative in the socialist competition, the Komsomol was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor in 1931.

For outstanding services to the Motherland at the front and in the rear during the Great Patriotic War 3.5 thousand Komsomol members were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, 3.5 million Komsomol members were awarded orders and medals; Komsomol in 1945 was awarded the Order of Lenin.

For the work that the Komsomol put into restoring the national economy destroyed by the Nazi invaders, the Komsomol was awarded the second Order of Lenin in 1948.

For active participation in the development of virgin and fallow lands of the Komsomol in 1956 he was awarded the third Order of Lenin.

In 1968, in connection with the 50th anniversary of the Lenin Komsomol, the Komsomol was awarded the Order of the October Revolution.

In the entire history of the Komsomol, more than 200 million people have passed through its ranks.

In September 1991, the XXII Extraordinary Congress of the Komsomol considered the political role Komsomol as a federation of communist youth unions and announced the self-dissolution of the organization.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources

There are no other examples in history of such a powerful youth movement as the Lenin Komsomol was. In peacetime and during wars, shoulder to shoulder with the communists, Komsomol members were the first to go into battle, into the virgin lands, to construction sites, into space and led the youth. At each historical milestone, the Komsomol brought forth thousands and thousands of young heroes from its ranks, who glorified it with their exploits. Their example of selfless service to the Motherland, the people will always be in the memory of present and future generations.

And it all began in the distant revolutionary year of 1917 with the creation of socialist unions of working, peasant and student youth. But they were all divided. Therefore, already in 1918, on October 29, the First All-Russian Congress of Unions of Workers' and Peasants' Youth began its work, which brought together 195 delegates from all over Russia and united disparate youth organizations into a single monolithic Russian Communist Youth Union. Day October 29 and became the birthday of the Komsomol.

After the congress in all regions or, as they were then called, provinces, general meetings of the unions of workers' and peasants' youth were held.

The chronicle of the heroic deeds of the Komsomol is endless. Six orders burn brightly on his banner. This is a nationwide recognition of the merits of the Komsomol to the Motherland. Everyone knew the Komsomol heroes: Lyubov Shevtsova, Oleg Koshevoy, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Alexander Matrosov, Liza Chaikina... Eternal glory and memory to them!

The Komsomol is an organization that shapes a person, his personal qualities. Here the life views of young people were affirmed, here the first experience of social work was acquired. The Komsomol is the foundation that formed the Soviet man. Of course, there was everything in the Komsomol. It was good, it was not so good. There were bureaucratic moments that irritated young people, but these moments were criticized. However, fundamentally, it was a wonderful public organization. The Komsomol formed the worldview in certain coordinates - the Soviet worldview. The Komsomol is youth. Komsomol is the most wonderful memories! The Komsomol is energy, purposefulness, the desire to turn this world around and make it better!

Komsomol is my destiny

Performed by: VIA "Gems" 1918-1928
The RKSM was an active participant in the Civil War; he spent three all-Russian mobilization to the front. According to incomplete data, the Komsomol sent more than 75,000 members to the Red Army in 1918-20. In total, up to 200 thousand Komsomol members participated in the struggle of the Soviet people against the interventionists, White Guards and bandits. They fought heroically against the enemies: 19-year-old commander of the 30th division Albert Lapin, future writers Nikolai Ostrovsky and Arkady Gaidar, armored train commander Lyudmila Makiyevskaya, commissars Alexander Kondratiev and Anatoly Popov, leader of the Far Eastern Komsomol Vitaly Banevur and many others. The Komsomol fought selflessly behind enemy lines. In Odessa, the Komsomol underground numbered over 300 people, in Riga - about 200 people, underground Komsomol groups operated in Yekaterinodar (Krasnodar), Simferopol, Rostov-on-Don, Nikolaev, Tbilisi, etc. Many Komsomol members died a heroic death in battles to defend the conquests October revolution. In severe trials, the Komsomol got stronger and grew. Despite the huge sacrifices that he made on the fronts, his number increased 20 times: in October 1918 - 22,100, in October 1920 - 482,000. In commemoration of military merits on the fronts of the Civil War in the period 1919-20 against the troops of the White Guard generals of Kolchak , Denikin, Yudenich, the White Poles and Wrangel, the Komsomol in 1928 was awarded the Order of the Red Banner by a decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.

Komsomol members of the 20th year

Music: O. Feltsman Lyrics: V. Voinovich
Performed by: V. Troshin 1929-1941
After the Civil War, the Komsomol was faced with the task of preparing the worker and peasant youth for peaceful, creative activity. In October 1920, the 3rd Congress of the RKSM was held. Lenin's speech at the congress on October 2, 1920, "The Tasks of Youth Unions," was the guide for the activities of the Komsomol. Lenin saw the main goal of the Komsomol in "... helping the party to build communism and helping the entire young generation to create a communist society." The Komsomol directed all its efforts to the restoration of the national economy destroyed during the war. Boys and girls participated in the restoration of factories in Petrograd, Moscow, the Urals, mines and factories in the Donbass, and the country's railways. In September 1920, the first All-Russian Youth Subbotnik was held. Komsomol members assisted the Soviet government in the fight against speculation, sabotage, and banditry. In 1929, the Komsomol carried out the first mobilization of youth for the new buildings of the 1st Five-Year Plan. More than 200,000 Komsomol members came to the construction sites with vouchers from their organizations. With the active participation of the Komsomol, the Dneproges, the Moscow and Gorky Automobile Plants, the Stalingrad Tractor Plant, the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, the Turksib railway, etc. were built. development of the national economy ... "The Komsomol was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

Far Eastern song

Music: B. Shikhov Lyrics: A. Pomorsky 1929
Performed by: VR&T Big Choir. Execution 1970 1941-1945
The Great Patriotic War of 1941-45 was a severe test for the entire Soviet people and its younger generation. The Komsomol, all Soviet youth, at the call of the Communist Party, came out to fight the Nazi invaders. Already in the first year of the war, about 2 million Komsomol members joined the ranks of the Red Army. Unprecedented courage, bravery, heroism were shown by Komsomol members, young men and women, defending Brest, Liepaja, Odessa, Sevastopol, Smolensk, Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, Stalingrad, other cities and regions of the country from the enemy. Only the Komsomol organization of Moscow and the region in the first 5 months of the war sent over 300 thousand people to the front; 90% of the members of the Leningrad organization of the Komsomol fought against the Nazi invaders on the outskirts of the city of Lenin. Fearlessly, young partisans and underground fighters of Belarus, the occupied regions of the RSFSR, Ukraine, and the Baltic states acted behind enemy lines. Partisan detachments consisted of 30-45% Komsomol members. Unparalleled heroism was shown by members of the underground Komsomol organizations - the Young Guard (Krasnodon), the Partisan Spark (Nikolaev region), the Lyudinovo underground Komsomol group, and others. In 1941-45, about 12 million boys and girls joined the Komsomol. Of the 7 thousand Heroes of the Soviet Union under the age of 30, 3.5 thousand are Komsomol members (of which 60 are twice Heroes of the Soviet Union), 3.5 million Komsomol members were awarded orders and medals. The names of members of the Komsomol who fell in the fight against the fascist invaders: Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Alexander Chekalin, Liza Chaikina, Alexander Matrosov, Viktor Talalikhin and many others - have become a symbol of courage, courage, heroism. For outstanding services to the Motherland during the Great Patriotic War and for the great work in educating Soviet youth in the spirit of selfless devotion to the socialist Fatherland of the Komsomol, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on June 14, 1945, he was awarded the Order of Lenin.

Komsomolskaya
("Goodbye, mother, do not grieve, do not be sad,
wish us a good journey")

Music: V. Solovyov-Sedoy Lyrics: A. Galich 1947
Performed by: KRAPPSA, solo. O. Razumovsky Execution 1950 1945-1948
The Komsomol has invested a great deal of work in restoring the national economy destroyed by the Nazi invaders, in the construction of Minsk, Smolensk, Stalingrad, in the restoration of Leningrad, Kharkov, Kursk, Voronezh, Sevastopol, Odessa, Rostov-on-Don and many other cities, in the revival of industry and cities of Donbass, Dneproges, collective farms, state farms and MTS. In 1948 alone, the youth built and put into operation 6,200 rural power stations. The Komsomol showed great concern for the placement of children and adolescents left without parents, for the expansion of the network of orphanages and vocational schools, and the construction of schools. In 1948, the Komsomol celebrated its thirtieth anniversary. On October 28, 1948, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR awarded the Komsomol with the second Order of Lenin.

Komsomol members
(Unforgettable song of the beautiful Stalin era.)

Music: A. Ostrovsky Lyrics: L. Oshanin
Performed by: I. D. Shmelev, Choir and Orc. p / at V.N. Knushevitsky Execution 1948.
1948-1956
The Komsomol took an active part in the implementation of the measures worked out by the Party for the advancement of agriculture. Thousands of young specialists, workers and employees, graduates of secondary schools were sent to state farms, collective farms, MTS. In 1954-55, more than 350,000 young people left on Komsomol vouchers to develop the virgin lands of Kazakhstan, Altai, and Siberia. Their work was a real feat. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, he was awarded the third Order of Lenin on November 5, 1956 for active participation in communist construction and especially for the development of virgin lands of the Komsomol.

Friends on the road!

Music: Anatoly Lepin Lyrics: Alexei Fatyanov 1959
Performed by: actor Leonid Kharitonov and others. Performed in 1959. 1956-1991
The scale of activity of the Komsomol in solving national economic problems, in particular, in the development of the wealth of Siberia, the Far East and the Far North, in the redistribution of the country's labor resources, has significantly expanded. More than 70,000 All-Union detachments have been formed, and more than 500,000 young people have been sent to new buildings. With the most active participation of young people, about 1,500 important facilities were built and put into operation, including the largest in the world - the Bratsk hydroelectric power station, the Beloyarsk nuclear power plant, the Baikal-Amur Mainline named after Lenin Komsomol, the Druzhba oil pipeline, etc. The Komsomol sponsored 100 shock construction projects , including over the development of the unique oil and gas resources of the Tyumen and Tomsk regions. Student construction teams have become a tradition of university Komsomol members. Millions of students took part in labor semesters. At the initiative of the Komsomol, the construction of youth residential complexes became widespread. Youth residential complexes have been built in 156 cities and regions of the country. The Komsomol is the initiator of all-Union campaigns to places of revolutionary, military and labor glory, in which millions of young men and women take part. The children's and youth competitions "Golden Puck", "Leather Ball", "Olympic Spring", "Neptune" and the all-Union military sports game "Zarnitsa" held by the Central Committee of the Komsomol have become truly massive. Komsomol and Soviet youth organizations cooperated with international, regional, national and local youth associations in 129 countries of the world. On July 5, 1956, the Committee of Youth Organizations of the USSR was established; on May 10, 1958, the Sputnik International Youth Tourism Bureau was established. In four years, more than 22 million young people traveled around the country through Sputnik, and 1.7 million people went abroad. In 1968, for the outstanding services and great contribution of Komsomol members to the formation and strengthening of Soviet power, courage and heroism shown in battles with the enemies of the socialist Fatherland, active participation in the construction of socialism, for fruitful work in the political education of the younger generations in connection with the 50th anniversary of the Komsomol, he was awarded Order of the October Revolution.

Komsomol tradition

Music: O. Feltsman Lyrics: I. Shaferan
Performed by: Vladislav Lynkovsky Performed in 1968