18.10.2019
At what age did Komsomol age end? The history of the Komsomol is the history of my homeland. The birth of the Komsomol: the name of V. I. Lenin
First, the boys and girls read the Solemn Promise aloud. After which one of the invitees or communists tied each of them a red tie, symbolizing with its three ends the connection of three communist generations, and presented a pioneer badge of the same color with a portrait of Lenin. The holiday was completed with the gesture of the newly minted pioneer with his hand raised diagonally above his head in a cap, and a kind of password with the words “Be prepared! Always ready!". Those who were not lucky enough to become a pioneer in April received their chance on the holiday of May 19. But only without any special celebrations and speeches.
Squads and units
Having become a pioneer, an ordinary school unit immediately turned into a detachment, led by a counselor from among the high school students and, as a rule, bearing the name of some pioneer hero or simply a deceased hero of one of the wars of the 20th century. For example, Pavlik Morozov, or the “Young Guard” Oleg Koshevoy, who was killed with his fists. The detachment was divided into units. And the totality of all school detachments was called a squad. The main activities of the pioneers, in addition to good studies and preparation for joining the Komsomol, were considered to be participation in the “Timurov movement” and subbotniks, collecting waste paper and scrap metal. A pioneer could leave the ranks of the organization only in two cases: after reaching 14 years of age and joining the Komsomol, or upon expulsion for “D” marks and hooliganism.Pioneer Day
By the way, the holiday celebrated on May 19 and which at birth received the name “Day of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin” could become such on another day. But the first attempt made in 1918 to create Soviet Russia, following the example of the American Scouts, groups of young communists, was not very successful. The country has begun Civil War, and the Bolsheviks had no time for the small detachments of their minor followers.The second attempt, which occurred in November 1921, turned out to be more viable. After the decision was made to create a children's political organization, which initially bore the name of the Roman slave and gladiator Spartacus, several “Spartacus” groups appeared in Moscow, using previously unseen symbols - red ties and five-pointed stars. On May 7 of the same year, the first pioneer bonfire burned in one of the capital’s parks. And 12 days later, the All-Russian Komsomol Conference, which later became the Komsomol Congress, decided to create an organization in the country consisting of pioneer detachments. In the same year, composer Sergei Kaidan-Deshkin and poet Alexander Zharov wrote a song with the words “Raise your bonfires, blue nights! We are pioneers - children of workers,” and it immediately received the status of an anthem.
Related article
“Only those who love work are called Octobermen!” The words of this simple song, dedicated to primary school students of Soviet times, are probably known to many who proudly wore a five-pointed star in childhood. And who had no idea that he was part of a mass political organization. But it is unlikely that they all remember as well who and how received them in October and presented them with a badge with a portrait of young Lenin.
In October - November
The first perplexing question that a foreign researcher of the history of children and youth could ask political movements Soviet Union, sounds like this: “Why exactly?” And there is a certain logic in this. After all, the ceremonial presentation of stars was usually timed to coincide with the festive Soviet date of November 7, the day of the October Revolution.The answer to the foreigner lies precisely in the mentioned name of the Russian revolution of 1917. November 7, when the famous gunshot of the cruiser Aurora was fired in Petrograd, was October 25 according to the old calendar. And it was precisely for this “calendar” reason that the revolution began to be called “October”. And from 1923-1924, junior schoolchildren in Soviet schools, so that they would not forget about the most important event for the country, began to be called “Octobers.” It is curious that at first only the most worthy children born in 1917 were accepted into the October. But in last USSR Everyone who studied in the first grade was enrolled in them.
Ruby star
The current generation of young people can probably be a little jealous of their “” from the past. After all, the adoption ceremony in October was a truly grandiose holiday for seven-eight-year-old children. They began to prepare for it and for future entry into the pioneers in advance; from the first days of school they learned poetry and the rules of conduct and laws approved by the Komsomol Central Committee that led the school organizations. Such, for example, as “Octobers - truthful and courageous, dexterous and skillful”; “Octobers are friendly guys, they read and draw, play and sing, they live happily”; “Octobers strive to become young pioneers” and others.The procedure for receiving symbols of the October movement - beautiful five-pointed ruby-colored stars, which usually took place in a school sports or assembly hall, was also unusual for Soviet children. From the center of which the curly-haired boy Volodya Ulyanov looked attentively at the children and the world. He is also the future leader of the October Revolution, Vladimir Lenin. Badges, the first certificates and red flags in their lives were presented to the October soldiers, and at the same time they were given farewell words by the pioneers and Komsomol members who became their leaders. By the way, the first Soviet Octobrists had stars made of fabric and sewn them on the left side of their shirts.
Under the sign of the hammer and sickle
The day after the ceremonial reception, the newly minted Octobers, their classroom teacher and the counselors held the first meeting, at which the so-called “stars” or “fives” were formed. In other words, groups of schoolchildren of five people, each of whom had his own position and responsibilities - commander, librarian, orderly, sportsman, florist. The group leader and his assistant, who helped the sponsored not only in preparing to join the pioneers, but also in organizing all public events, were named in honor state emblem Hammer and sickle countries. The All-Union week preceding Lenin’s birthday (April 22) was considered the most important for the Octobrists. It was necessary to meet her with excellent grades in academics and behavior and active participation in the “Lenin Readings” held on the 22nd of every month.Komsomol (All-Union Lenin Committee of the Youth Union), or simply Komsomol, was the largest youth political organization Soviet Union. He was considered a direct reserve of the Communist Party, training for it, among other things, leading personnel. Any action of Komsomol members was subject to mandatory approval from the “senior comrades.” And one party recommendation for becoming a member of the Komsomol was even equal to two Komsomol recommendations.
How many orders does the Komsomol have?
In Soviet times, it was declared that any citizen of the country from 14 to 28 years old could become a member of the Komsomol. In reality, everything was not so simple. In fact, admission to Komsomol volunteers was carried out only after a very serious check of the candidate for compliance with the high, as was then considered, rank of a young communist. The first thing that was required of an applicant for a Komsomol ticket was to write an application to his organization and justify it with the desire to build a “bright communist future” precisely as part of the Komsomol. An important appendix to the application were two recommendations from with at least ten months of experience, or one, but from a member of the CPSU.The next stage of admission was consideration of the application in the primary Komsomol organization, for example, in educational institution or in a company. She could either approve it or reject it for some reason. Those whose applications were ultimately approved, and they were the majority, especially at the end of the socialist era, were invited on a certain day to the Komsomol district committee or to the Komsomol committee of a military unit for an interview. However, it was not too complicated and usually consisted of several template questions and assumed equally template and “correct” ones. Future Komsomol members were examined on their knowledge of the Komsomol Charter and asked to tell why they wanted to join the organization. In addition, they were asked to name the number state awards from the Komsomol (there were six of them; half of them were the Order of Lenin, three more were the Order of the Red, Red Banner of Labor and the October Revolution), remember the names of the leaders of the country and the Komsomol, as well as the most important Soviet dates.
Two-kopeck contribution
After passing the interview, the prospect usually already knew whether he was accepted. And soon he received from the committee secretary a brand new red badge with a portrait of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and a Komsomol card of the same color with his photograph and boxes for marking the payment of monthly contributions. Schoolchildren, students and those called up for compulsory military service paid two kopecks (the cost of two boxes of matches or a daily newspaper). For those who worked, the contribution was one percent of their salary. They were collected by the Komsomol organizer of the primary organization, and he also stamped them. Failure to pay dues was one of the grounds for exclusion from the Komsomol - along with immoral behavior, drunkenness, parasitism, violations of discipline, a criminal record and other things that were called negative phenomena and were subject to deserved criticism.By the way, expulsion from the Komsomol, as well as refusal to join it, was not so harmless. In the future, it often affected the content of the characteristics for admission to a university or Good work. A fairly serious sanction for a non-party person, that is, who was not a member of the CPSU or the Komsomol, was, for example, the refusal of the district party committee commission to allow travel abroad. Naturally, a person who had not previously received a Komsomol card could not join the only political party. And, that means making a good career.
Born in October
All the years of its existence, the Komsomol was proud of being the same age as the October Revolution. In fact, in October 1917, only disunited youth unions called “socialist” were created in Russia. The official date of the creation of the Komsomol is October 29, 1918, when the First All-Russian Congress of Unions of Workers' and Peasants' Youth opened in Moscow. Efim Tsetlin, who was shot in 1937 as an “enemy of the people,” was elected leader of the Soviet Komsomol at this congress. In the same 1937-1939 years, Tsetlin’s sad fate was shared by five more pre-war Komsomol leaders. And in general, of the entire first seven main Komsomol members of the USSR, only Alexander Milchakov, who served 17 years in the camps, died by natural causes.Video on the topic
After the victory of the October Revolution, red children's organizations, groups and associations arose in various cities. On May 19, 1922, the 2nd All-Russian Komsomol Conference decided to create pioneer detachments everywhere.
In the first years of Soviet power, pioneers helped street children and fought against illiteracy, collected books and set up libraries, studied in technical circles, cared for animals, went on geological hikes, nature study expeditions, collected medicinal plants. The pioneers worked on collective farms, in the fields, guarded crops and collective farm property, wrote letters to newspapers or to the relevant authorities about violations that they noticed around them.
AiF.ru recalls how in Soviet time Octoberists, pioneers and those who could become Komsomol members were accepted.
From what class were you accepted into October?
Schoolchildren in grades 1–3 became Octobrists, united on a voluntary basis into groups under the school’s pioneer squad. The groups were led by counselors from among the school's pioneers or Komsomol members. In these groups, children prepared to join the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin.
When joining the ranks of the Octobrists, children were given a badge - a five-pointed star with a child’s portrait of Lenin. The symbol was the red October flag.
In honor of the victory of the October Revolution, since 1923, schoolchildren were called “Octobers.” The Octobrists were united into stars (analogous to the pioneer unit) - October 5 and also “sickle” and “hammer” - the leader of the star and his assistant. In an asterisk, an October child could occupy one of the positions - commander, florist, orderly, librarian or sportsman.
In the last decades of Soviet power, all students were accepted in October primary school, usually already in first grade.
Who were accepted as pioneers?
The pioneer organization accepted schoolchildren aged 9 to 14 years. Formally, admission was carried out on a voluntary basis. The selection of candidates was made by open voting at a meeting of the pioneer detachment (usually corresponding to the class) or at the highest—at the school level—pioneer body: the squad council.
A student joining a pioneer organization gave a solemn promise of a pioneer of the Soviet Union at the pioneer assembly (the text of the promise in the 1980s could be seen on the back cover school notebooks). A communist, Komsomol member or senior pioneer presented the newcomer with a red pioneer tie and a pioneer badge. Pioneer tie was a symbol of belonging to the pioneer organization, a part of its banner. The three ends of the tie symbolized the unbreakable connection of three generations: communists, Komsomol members and pioneers; the pioneer was obliged to take care of his tie and protect it.
The greeting of the pioneers was a salute - a hand raised slightly above the head demonstrated that the pioneer was putting public interest above personal ones. "Be ready!" - the leader called on the pioneers and heard in response: “Always ready!”
As a rule, pioneers were accepted into a solemn atmosphere during communist holidays in memorable historical and revolutionary places, for example on April 22 near the monument to V.I. Lenin.
Punishments were applied to members of the organization who violated the Laws of the Pioneers of the Soviet Union: discussion at a meeting of the unit, detachment, or squad council; comment; exception warning; as a last resort - exclusion from the pioneer organization. They could be expelled from the pioneers for unsatisfactory behavior and hooliganism.
Collecting scrap metal and waste paper and other types of socially useful work, helping elementary school students, participating in military sports “Zarnitsa”, classes in clubs and, of course, excellent studies - this is what the pioneer’s everyday life was filled with.
How did you become a Komsomol member?
They became Komsomol members at the age of 14. The reception was carried out individually. To apply, you needed a recommendation from a communist or two Komsomol members with at least 10 months of experience. After this, the application could be accepted for consideration by the school Komsomol organization, or it could not be accepted if the submitter was not considered a worthy figure.
Those whose application was accepted were scheduled for an interview with the Komsomol committee (council of Komsomol members) and a representative of the district committee. To pass the interview, you had to memorize the Komsomol charter, the names of the key leaders of the Komsomol and the party, important dates and the main thing is to answer the question: “Why do you want to become a Komsomol member?”
Any of the committee members could ask a tricky question during the trial stage. If the candidate successfully passed the interview, he was given a Komsomol card, which documented the payment of dues. Schoolchildren and students paid 2 kopecks. per month, working - one percent of salary.
You could be expelled from the Komsomol for sloppiness, going to church, or for non-payment membership fees, for family troubles. Expulsion from the organization threatened the lack of good prospects and career in the future. The former Komsomol member did not have the right to join the party, go abroad, and in some cases he was threatened with dismissal from his job.
On the one hand, even in the last years of the existence of the Soviet Komsomol, it was still the first “school of life” for many prominent politicians and businessmen modern Russia. On the other hand, this can be explained by the fact that there was simply nothing else where in the 1970-1980s a young man could realize his talents and start building a career: the one-party system did not imply any competition in the ideological field. Komsomol members recent years existence of the USSR, they remember that era and the crisis of their organization.
Exactly 20 years ago, on September 27, 1991, the XXII Extraordinary Congress of the Komsomol began, with one single question on the agenda: “On the fate of the Komsomol.” At the end of its work, the congress declared the historical role of this organization exhausted, and it itself was dissolved. At the end of the congress (and I’m not joking), the delegates sang while standing: “I will not part with the Komsomol, I will be forever young” and began to “derib” the property of this wealthy organization.
Well, God bless them - unfortunately, we were not allowed into this “deriban”, so let’s remember each of our Komsomol (who had one, of course).
Stages of development public life any Soviet schoolchild was reminded of the stages of insect development. But if in invertebrate arthropods they proceeded in the order: egg -> larva -> pupa -> imago, then in vertebrate Soviet schoolchildren they took place in the following sequence: first-graders became October students, October students - pioneers, and pioneers, upon reaching 14 years of age, automatically turned into Komsomol members , and this was not discussed.
The rules for admission to the Komsomol were as follows: it was necessary to collect recommendations from either 1 communist or 2 experienced Komsomol members; fill out the form for admission to the Komsomol; turn in two 3x4 photographs; get a description and learn the answers to the following questions:
Who is the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee?
Who is the first secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee?
Who is your favorite Komsomol hero?
How many orders does the Komsomol have?
And what is “democratic centralism”?
(ideally, of course, it would be advisable to read the Komsomol Charter - but this is not for everyone).
The acceptance of our class into the Komsomol took place in two stages - in spring and autumn. In the spring, the Komsomol accepted the “best” (excellent and good students), in the fall the “worst” (C students and slobs, as well as those born in the summer). Naturally, I was accepted in the fall. Moreover, life had not yet “broken me down” and I loved to show off - when everyone brought recommendations from high school Komsomol members, I brought a recommendation from a communist friend who was a Hero of the Soviet Union.
After a public discussion of the candidates at the school Komsomol meeting, a gala reception took place at the district/city Komsomol committee with the presentation of tickets and badges (sometimes the gala reception was replaced by a simple presentation of a Komsomol ticket in the “Pioneer Room”).
After this action, the Soviet schoolchild received every right:
b) pay monthly Komsomol dues in the amount of 2 kopecks;
c) get bored at Komsomol meetings;
d) after school go to college.
You will say - there were those who refused to join the Komsomol: they believed in God, or they listened to the Rolling Stones. There were, of course, some. But then usually in their lives there was Soviet army, and there they didn’t give a damn about what you believe in or what you listen to. They also didn’t care about the rules for admission to the Komsomol established “in civilian life” and the soldier’s ignorance of the answers to the above questions. There, simply one fine day, during the morning formation they announced: “Private Pupkin, get out of formation! Congratulations on joining glorious ranks All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union! Get in line!” The warrior shouted: “I serve the Soviet Union!” and joined the multi-million ranks of Soviet Komsomol members.
But I, in the army, refused to stand in a single Komsomol formation. I hated being part of this thoroughly rotten, formalized organization into which everyone was driven en masse in pursuit of interest and reporting. I was sick of these false slogans and of Komsomol functionaries who themselves did not believe in what they were saying from high tribunes. From their showing off, careerism and hypocrisy...
No, I refused to participate in all this and in the army became a candidate member of the CPSU.
First Secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee (1986-1990). Special Advisor to USSR President M. Gorbachev. Historian, candidate of historical sciences...
The Komsomol did not collapse. His time has passed. Please note - as soon as our country began to become what it should be, it fell apart and ceased to exist. This is where you need to think and ask yourself: what happened? We need to figure out what happened to our country in the twentieth century? What started in 1905 and ended, I hope, in ’91? What was it? WITH historical point From a visual perspective, it is simply impossible to understand the heap of myths that shrouded the entire twentieth century. We live in a completely false coordinate system. We live in a completely mythologized historical space. It turns out that we had the first Russian revolution in 1905. Then, it turns out, there was the February bourgeois-democratic revolution. Then, six months later, a socialist revolution occurs. What can you call the revolution that took place in 1991? Capitalist, it turns out? From my point of view as a candidate of historical sciences, this is complete nonsense.
A bourgeois-democratic revolution began in Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century. But it was very different from those that took place before - from the English, French, North American. All of them were in a completely different historical period. Our revolution was late, like everything else with us. It began at a time when globalization processes began to manifest themselves. Our revolution differs from all others in that, oddly enough, it turned out to be a revolution not so much for our country as a revolution for the rest of the world. All other revolutions also influenced the world but it was indirect influence. Our revolution had a colossal impact on the whole world. The whole world has changed. John Reed was wrong when he called the book Ten Days That Shook the World. They changed the world...
- Viktor Ivanovich, when you left your post, you lost not only your job, but also your privileges.
What privileges? What are you talking about? Sometimes today my wife points her finger around me and asks: “What privileges did you have?”
I was the head of an organization that had two billion dollars in its bank account alone. I received five hundred rubles, I had a Volga car and they also gave me coupons for a special store. Yes, there was also a clinic, from which I was immediately expelled. Now I feel fine at the district clinic. But I never even went to the Central Clinic because I was young and healthy.
- Excuse me, but where did the two billion dollars you mentioned go?
Don't know. I left them safe where they were...
In the comments I remembered that I worked in the Komsomol city committee. They asked me to tell you how it was.
Alas, there will be no dirty details in the style of the film “Regional Emergency”. In our city committee there was no drinking in saunas, ********, theft and other things that were attributed then, during the era of perestroika, to party and Komsomol functionaries. There was the usual work of organizing life and leisure in a small area - the Slobodsky district of the Kirov region.
We had four offices - the office of the First Secretary, the Second, and the accounting department with the organizational department. And I worked as acting third secretary - the position of working with student youth. In the same office as the Second. In the office there were two tables, a Yatran typewriter, I think a dozen chairs, a wardrobe and a bookcase. A! There was also a rotator - this is such crap for printing leaflets.
There was a car - either a “five” or a “Muscovite” - I don’t remember. But definitely not Volga. This miracle broke down once a week, so we often took regular buses on business trips around the region. The salary was 250 rubles. Soviet. True, in 1990-1991 there was nothing special to buy. I personally subscribed to newspapers home - dozens of them. From “Soviet Russia” to “Literature” and “Football-Hockey”. Lunch in the dining room cost about a ruble. The dining room, by the way, was common to the city party committee, Komsomol, district executive committee, city executive committee and other councils.
Entrance to the dining room was free for everyone. No passes, no policemen at the entrance. And there were no pineapples in the champagne either. And there was no black caviar either. In my opinion, the food was tastier in factory canteens. There were also subsidiary plots. Something like a collective farm at a factory. There were no special privileges, additional rations, or dachas with swimming pools. The only “privilege” that I took advantage of was taking two vacations at my own expense, going on a ski trip around the region in February and on a hiking trip in Crimea. Your own expenses). All. After working there for a year, I probably became anti-Soviet for about ten years.
Because a boy at seventeen needs a feat - to overcome himself. Previously, Komsomol members had a fight against devastation, Budennovka, OSOAVIAKHIM, war, restoration, virgin lands, BAM... We had a city KVN competition and reporting and election conferences. By the way, since then I can’t stand KVN people. Antics with forced humor and a huge superiority complex. How was the festival organized?
Very simple.
You write a statement on two pages - the topic of KVN, the jury, prizes. You print it on a rotator, smearing it with black ink. You call the secretaries of the school committees of the Komsomol. You give them a position and a pointer so that there is a command by such and such a date. Then you go to the House of Culture - for us it was the House of Culture named after. Gorky - you agree on the provision of a stage and hall for such and such a date. No money, everything is free. You buy prizes at a sporting goods store and prepare certificate forms. Persuading important people sit on the jury. Again for free. You've been calling secretaries for a month - how are they doing with their team preparation?
That's all. And where is the feat?
And constant reports to the regional committee - monthly, quarterly, annual. The main part of the report is how many new members of the Komsomol were accepted. There is a reporting and election conference in April. So many events were carried out: then they liked to call collective creative activities - KTD. How many members have been accepted? A plan for admission was lowered from above - 90% should be covered and that’s it. Well, and the indispensable Gorbachev spells - democratic centralism, glasnost, a brake on perestroika. Boredom.
By the way, I don’t remember any loud exits from the party and Komsomol here. Komsomol tickets were not burned. There were no punks or metalheads in large numbers. And those who were, at times, were Komsomol members. It seems that there was a Komsomol rock club. I even thought about opening a Komsomol video salon, where after watching the film there would be a mandatory discussion. Did not have time.
In the summer, organizing a regional activist camp, sending a delegation to the regional camp of the Komsomol activist “Stremitely” and the camp of the regional pioneer activist “Zvezdny”. There was no overarching goal of all these KTD, activist camps, reports and elections.
Everything was rolling by inertia into the abyss. But we didn't notice this. It seemed that everything was about to end. The Komsomol and the USSR are about to emerge from the crisis renewed.
Now, of course, it’s good to say from a height of years that it was necessary to do this or that. Just jump naked on Revolution Square in Slobodskoye - everything was decided not in the regional centers, but in the Kremlin and on Staraya Square. It was there that the Supergoal and Supertasks disappeared. And without them the USSR is impossible. Ask, maybe I missed something?
By the time I graduated from school, the Komsomol had almost collapsed... At the school’s annual meeting, we gave the work of the Komsomol organization an unsatisfactory assessment, it was brave! But we consoled ourselves with integrity and courage, not knowing that we were kicking a corpse. The Komsomol ceased to exist a year later. I recommend everyone who remembers the Pioneer and Komsomol to re-watch this film - “Emergency of a Regional Scale”.
Also, this film is about what a person really is, namely a man. To all the men leading double life who make deals with their conscience for the sake of a career, is dedicated. The most interesting thing is when men do unseemly things, but at the same time they hide behind lofty words: I am doing this for the sake of the family. Komsomol members, volunteers...
And at one time I was on this nomenklatura career ladder: “Pioneer Komsomol”, dad didn’t let me in! He hated party privileges, and believed that the only real privilege of a party member was to stand up and lead a platoon into the attack. Dad was upset that the school's squad council was meeting New Year's celebration separately from the rest of the school students. He screamed and got angry. Thanks to him, and the Kingdom of Heaven! He understood everything correctly.
From the comments.
IMHO in Komsomol (not the militarized one, but the regular one) there is positive side- young men are left without elders and take on certain matters on their own (for example, conduct cell meetings), and take responsibility themselves. Such a difference between people, that one person is a Komsomol member, and another person is just a Komsomol member, structures society. Structures. And thus contributes to its understanding.
The Komsomol helps you to remain without elders, and to do something yourself, without elders.
I was born in 1984 and I think that my childhood and youth were very much spoiled by the absence of a universal, widespread organization like the Komsomol.
I recently watched the film “Regional Emergency” (a perestroika film about how bad the Komsomol is and how much hypocrisy and lies there are in it). I liked the film. The Soviet Union is bad. Komsomol is bad. But it’s better to have a lying Komsomol than none! He, with all his deceit, gives the experience of independence, gives the experience of life without dependence on elders!
Well, the positive side of Komsomol is not deceit, but that it would provide the opportunity to hold events without the participation of elders. By ourselves, on our own. And in my generation, no one thought about the fact that someone was entrusted with being “responsible” for what was happening in the classroom (like a Komsomol organizer is responsible). It is not the teacher who takes responsibility (as in our generation), nor the father, nor the mother, but one of the young people.
And the Komsomol pointed to moral values (which are written in the charter) - truthfulness, mutual assistance, etc. In our generation, no one said: “you must be truthful, because you are members of such and such an organization, and the members of this organization must correspond to a high moral level." We were told about morality - but it was vague, unclear. There was no argument - “BECAUSE YOU ARE MEMBERS OF THE ORGANIZATION.” This argument could be more convincing. And special We were not given tickets, we did not pay fees. Having a ticket in your pocket and some paraphernalia could REMIND you of moral duty. And without paraphernalia it is easy to forget.
And in general, in the Komsomol Charter there are ideas that are closer to pacifism than to militarism:
Everyone’s concern for the preservation and enhancement of public wealth;
High consciousness of public duty, intolerance to violations of public interests;
Collectivism and comradely mutual assistance: each for all, all for one;
Humane relations and mutual respect between people: person to person - friend, comrade and brother;
Honesty and truthfulness, moral purity, simplicity and modesty in public and personal life;
Mutual respect in the family, concern for raising children;
Intransigence to injustice, parasitism, dishonesty, careerism, money-grubbing;
Friendship and brotherhood of all peoples of the USSR, intolerance towards national and racial hostility;
Intransigence towards the enemies of communism, the cause of peace and freedom of peoples;
Fraternal solidarity with the working people of all countries, with all peoples.
When a person is told about all this, it can help the development of critical thinking. A modern youth They just don't talk about it! And they are not given the responsibility that “you must live up to a high moral standard.” There is another anti-Soviet film - “Tomorrow there was a war.” But the Komsomol women from this film were to some extent inspired by Komsomol ideology. And this is justified in the film. They were capable of thinking - Spark, for example, could change their views under the influence of some arguments. And the Komsomol noodles on the ears did not prevent this. On the contrary, Komsomol ideology contributed to this.
Unchanged; m. [in capital letters] In the USSR: All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union (social and political youth organization). * * * Komsomol see All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League. * * * Komsomol Komsomol, see All-Union... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Komsomol- take a shovel, dig your own grave! the great Lenin dug his own grave a wolf caught a goat for seven months wolves love bones with meat folklore. Komsomol Komsomol KSM All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union after: SKM RF historical ... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations
See All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Komsomol- abbreviation of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League until 1991. unchangeable dictionary unit ist... Spelling dictionary of Ukrainian language
Komsomol- (All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union) mass social polit. youth organization. The first organizational congress took place on October 29. 4 Nov 1918 in Moscow. Proletarian youth organizations in the U., as well as throughout the country, arose... ... Ural Historical Encyclopedia
Komsomol- [ve el ka es em], unchangeable, m. All-Union Leninist Kolshunistichesky Union of Youth. AGS, 203. ◘ Komsomol amateur public organization, uniting in its ranks the broad masses of advanced Soviet youth. CPSP, 32. The basis of the Komsomol... ... Dictionary language of the Council of Deputies
See All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union... Big Soviet encyclopedia
- [ve el ka es em] All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union... Small academic dictionary
See All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union... Soviet historical encyclopedia
Komsomol- The Wolf Caught the Goat for Seven Months A humorous decoding of the abbreviation of the Leninist Komsomol... Dictionary of folk phraseology
Books
- Komsomol. 1918 - 1978, I. Mikhailov. We present to your attention the photo album of N. Mikhailov “VLKSM. 1918 - 1978”…
- Komsomol. 1918-1978, N. Mikhailov. Glorious Lenin Komsomol- a faithful and reliable assistant Communist Party and her combat reserve - a tireless fighter for the great cause of communism, a worker, an innovator, a warrior,...
- Komsomol volunteers. Collective portrait of the Komsomol. Dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Komsomol, Alla Faatovna Sushchinskaya. This is a collective Portrait of the Komsomol. Not ordered, but sincere, voluntary research. A unique collection of memories of dozens of people (historical figures and current ones) and the answer...
After the victory of the October Revolution, red children's organizations, groups and associations arose in various cities. On May 19, 1922, the 2nd All-Russian Komsomol Conference decided to create pioneer detachments everywhere.
In the first years of Soviet power, pioneers helped street children and fought illiteracy, collected books and set up libraries, studied in technical circles, cared for animals, went on geological hikes, nature study expeditions, and collected medicinal plants. The pioneers worked on collective farms, in the fields, guarded crops and collective farm property, wrote letters to newspapers or to the relevant authorities about violations that they noticed around them.
"AiF" recalls how in Soviet times they accepted Octobrists, pioneers and who could become a Komsomol member.
From what class were you accepted into October?
Schoolchildren in grades 1–3 became Octobrists, united on a voluntary basis into groups under the school’s pioneer squad. The groups were led by counselors from among the school's pioneers or Komsomol members. In these groups, children prepared to join the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin.
Upon joining the ranks of the Octobrists, children were given a badge - a five-pointed star with a child's portrait of Lenin. The symbol was the red October flag.
In honor of the victory of the October Revolution, since 1923, schoolchildren were called “Octobers.” The Octobrists were united into stars (analogous to the pioneer unit) - October 5 and also the “sickle” and “hammer” - the leader of the star and his assistant. In an asterisk, an October child could occupy one of the positions - commander, florist, orderly, librarian or sportsman.
In the last decades of Soviet power, all primary school students were admitted to October, usually already in the first grade.
Who were accepted as pioneers?
The pioneer organization accepted schoolchildren aged 9 to 14 years. Formally, admission was carried out on a voluntary basis. The selection of candidates was made by open voting at a meeting of the pioneer detachment (usually corresponding to the class) or at the highest - at the school level - pioneer body: the Council of the squad.
A student joining a pioneer organization gave a solemn promise of a pioneer of the Soviet Union at the pioneer meeting (the text of the promise in the 1980s could be seen on the back cover of school notebooks). A communist, Komsomol member or senior pioneer presented the newcomer with a red pioneer tie and a pioneer badge. The pioneer tie was a symbol of belonging to the pioneer organization, a part of its banner. The three ends of the tie symbolized the unbreakable connection of three generations: communists, Komsomol members and pioneers; the pioneer was obliged to take care of his tie and protect it.
The pioneers' greeting was a salute - a hand raised just above the head demonstrated that the pioneer put public interests above personal ones. "Be ready!" - the leader called on the pioneers and heard in response: “Always ready!”
As a rule, pioneers were accepted into a solemn atmosphere during communist holidays in memorable historical and revolutionary places, for example on April 22 near the monument to V.I. Lenin.
Punishments were applied to members of the organization who violated the Laws of the Pioneers of the Soviet Union: discussion at a meeting of the unit, detachment, or squad council; comment; exception warning; as a last resort - exclusion from the pioneer organization. They could be expelled from the pioneers for unsatisfactory behavior and hooliganism.
Collecting scrap metal and waste paper and other types of socially useful work, helping elementary school students, participating in military sports “Zarnitsa”, classes in clubs and, of course, excellent studies - this is what the pioneer’s everyday life was filled with.
How did you become a Komsomol member?
They became Komsomol members at the age of 14. The reception was carried out individually. To apply, you needed a recommendation from a communist or two Komsomol members with at least 10 months of experience. After this, the application could be accepted for consideration by the school Komsomol organization, or it could not be accepted if the submitter was not considered a worthy figure.
Those whose application was accepted were scheduled for an interview with the Komsomol committee (council of Komsomol members) and a representative of the district committee. To pass the interview, it was necessary to memorize the Komsomol charter, the names of the key leaders of the Komsomol and the party, important dates and, most importantly, answer the question: “Why do you want to become a Komsomol member?”
Any of the committee members could ask a tricky question during the trial stage. If the candidate successfully passed the interview, he was given a Komsomol card, which documented the payment of dues. Schoolchildren and students paid 2 kopecks. per month, working - one percent of salary.
They could be expelled from the Komsomol for sloppiness, going to church, for non-payment of membership dues, or for family troubles. Expulsion from the organization threatened the lack of good prospects and career in the future. The former Komsomol member did not have the right to join the party, go abroad, and in some cases he was threatened with dismissal from his job.
