Fasting 5 after meals 4. Normal blood sugar levels after meals in a healthy person. What to do, how to treat if sugar rises only in the morning on an empty stomach

At the 6th week of pregnancy, very serious hormonal changes occur in a woman’s body - the synthesis of pituitary hormones decreases, the production of prolactin increases, and the thyroid gland may enlarge. Signs of pregnancy become obvious, the 6th week of pregnancy is the time to register with antenatal clinic, undergo an examination by a gynecologist, do an ultrasound and pass all the necessary tests.

• 5th week of pregnancy
• 7th week of pregnancy

On 5 weeks pregnant The future baby's internal systems are developing, and the expectant mother is getting used to the news of her pregnancy. How will it go, what organs and systems will be formed in the baby, as well as what changes will happen in the body of a pregnant woman, let's find out more in our material.

6 WEEK OF PREGNANCY: COURSE

this week The baby is already a month old, it continues to actively develop, in The body of the expectant mother also undergoes serious changes. Thanks to characteristic symptoms, if before this period you did not know about your pregnancy, then now is the time to pay attention to your condition, do it, go for an ultrasound and go to an appointment with a gynecologist.

SIXTH WEEK OF PREGNANCY: WHAT HAPPENS

At the 6th week of pregnancy, serious pregnancy continues: the synthesis of pituitary hormones, which are responsible for menstrual function, decreases, the maturation of new eggs stops, and menstruation does not occur.

The production of prolactin increases 5-10 times, this is explained by the preparation of the mammary glands for feeding.

Also at a period of 6 weeks due to the increased dynamism of metabolic processes in the expectant mother the thyroid gland may enlarge. Most often, this is a natural process that does not require treatment, but do not neglect examination by a gynecologist and endecrinologist. During pregnancy, the function of the parathyroid glands may decrease, which is accompanied by changes in calcium metabolism, so seizures may occur.

6TH WEEK OF PREGNANCY: FUTURE BABY

Continues at 6 weeks active child development, its vital organs are formed. Now the baby is still very tiny: he is about 5 mm in length, and his weight is 5-7 g, but he is already exactly a month old! It is surrounded by about 2-3 ml. amniotic fluid and it looks like a small tadpole with a tail.

During the 6th week of pregnancy, formation occurs chest, pens And legs baby, as well as cartilage tissue, from which the skeletal and muscular system is subsequently formed.

Also currently taking place development of facial features: the mouth, nose, eyes, jaws and ears are formed, laid and developed liver, stomach and pancreas, lungs, thymus.

It is at the 6th week of pregnancy that the fetus the neural tube tightens, from which the brain begins to form, convolutions and depressions are formed in it, and active division of nerve cells also occurs. Begins formation of immunebaby systems, the rudiment of bone marrow appears.

Also now inside the female body there is process of attachment of the placenta to the inner wall of the uterus. The placenta is still very small in size, but after attachment it will enter active process growth. This organ is very important for the baby, because it is responsible for nutrition, breathing, hormone production and protection from harmful influences. environment.

With the help of high-quality ultrasound equipment, at 6 weeks of pregnancy you can hear like a 4-week embryo his little one is beating shaped like a tube heart. Blood circulation processthe baby is already working through the liver which produces blood cells.

6TH WEEK OF PREGNANCY: HOW A MOTHER’S LIFE CHANGES

At the 6th week of pregnancy, the hormone progesterone continues to actively work in the body of the expectant mother: with its help, the mucous walls of the uterus are strengthened, which will ensure sufficient blood supply to the fetus.

Due to increased blood supply, a pregnant woman may fill and enlarge the mammary glands, nipples become more sensitive, and the areolas may darken.

In addition to the traditional toxicosis, the onset of pregnancy in some expectant mothers is accompanied by weakness, drowsiness And fatigue, others have a condition peace, and in others, on the contrary, increased nervous excitability, tearfulness And irritability.

These changes are associated with hormonal changes that occur in the female body. As soon as female body adapts to a new role, and most often this happens by 10-14 weeks of pregnancy, all unpleasant sensations, as a rule, stop.

6 WEEK OF PREGNANCY: NURTURING MOMS

Since the baby is now developing very actively, for the growth and functioning of all body systems it needs proteins, fats, vitamins and microelements. Of course, if the expectant mother is tormented by attacks of toxicosis, it is quite difficult to talk about proper nutrition, but remember that now vitamins B and E, calcium and phosphorus are important for the formation and development of the baby’s nervous system and internal organs.

• general analysis urine,
• general blood analysis,
• analysis to determine blood group and Rh factor,
• test for syphilis and HIV,
• analysis for the diagnosis of viral hepatitis B and C,
• blood test for TORCH infections (toxoplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus and herpes virus),
• blood sugar test,
• blood test for coagulation (coagulogram),
• vaginal smear for microscopic examination.

If, based on the results of the tests, the doctor has concerns about the health of the pregnant woman, the course of pregnancy and the development of the baby, the expectant mother will have to undergo additional examinations.

Also, during the first visit, the gynecologist will refer the expectant mother to examinations by specialists: therapist, ophthalmologist, endocrinologist, cardiologist and otolaryngologist, you will also need to do an electrocardiogram.

To confirm the presence of a pregnancy, determine if it is ectopic, detect and diagnose multiple pregnancies exact date, a pregnant gynecologist can refer you for an ultrasound.

All data obtained from the medical history, examinations, clinical, laboratory examinations and ultrasound results are entered into the pregnant woman’s exchange card.

6TH WEEK OF PREGNANCY: USEFUL TIPS

6th week of pregnancy: it’s worth starting if you haven’t done so before. Choose vitamins on the recommendation of your gynecologist, and also pay attention that if you take them, you should take them at a time of the day when you are not tormented by attacks of nausea.

Due to the fact that at 6 weeks the baby’s neural tube completes its formation and brain formation begins, it is still required for the further development of the fetus.

The embryo has a body with rudiments of arms. They look like two tubercles located at the level of the heart. Over the course of several days, two elevations are added to them on the lower part of the body - the area of ​​​​growth of the legs. The average size of an embryo at this stage of pregnancy does not exceed 4 mm and corresponds to the diameter of a pea. Weight - 1-1.4 g. The baby's shape is similar to the Russian letter "C".

The posterior pole of the body lengthens and gradually disappears. A small thickening forms at the anterior end of the neural tube - this is the future brain. During the 6th week, individual hemispheres and other parts of the brain are distinguished. Around the nerve structures the skull and other facial structures are formed: eyes, nose, ears, mouth, upper and lower jaw, and etc.

Actively developing internal organs:

• the heart is divided into 2 atria and 2 ventricles. At the same time, the heart muscle functions. The work of the heart is detected by ultrasound. The average frequency of its contraction is 120-140 beats per minute;
• Bone marrow stem cells appear in the liver and yolk sac. They divide and form red blood cells, white blood cells, etc.;
• the intestinal tube begins to divide into sections: stomach, small and large intestines;
• The genital organs are formed, which makes it possible to determine the sex of the child during the first ultrasound screening.

Week 6 is characterized by the formation of chorionic villi - this is part of the future placenta. The umbilical cord departs from them, which connects the child with the woman’s body and is involved in the delivery of oxygen and nutrients.

Development of twins

When performing an ultrasound at 6 weeks, twins can be detected. The specialist clearly sees two embryos located in the uterine cavity. Both children have a detectable heartbeat.

Pregnant women with twins need constant medical supervision. Such a pregnancy is accompanied by an increased risk of complications: lower back pain, general fatigue, toxicosis, anemia, etc. An obstetrician-gynecologist advises a woman on nutrition and lifestyle habits during twins. For example, it recommends taking it regularly for two children. This helps prevent the formation of malformations of the brain and spinal cord.

What's happening to mom: sensations

The 6th week of pregnancy is manifested by changes in the woman’s body. Most of them are associated with an increase in the level of progesterone in the blood, which is necessary for the maintenance and development of pregnancy.

Uterine changes. The uterus at 6 weeks is no larger than the size of a small apple. During this period, an increase in her tone poses a threat to the child. Intense muscle contractions predispose embryos to hypoxic damage and can cause miscarriage. Muscle hypertonicity is manifested by nagging pain in the lower abdomen or lower back. Treatment is aimed at normalizing it and preventing relapses.

Delayed menstruation - one of the most early signs pregnancy. Women pay attention to their absence and conduct a pregnancy test on their own or contact a gynecologist. Early registration at the antenatal clinic allows you to monitor the course of pregnancy and promptly identify its deviations.

Frequent urination. Even a slight increase in the size of the uterus leads to the fact that it begins to put pressure on bladder. This leads to a decrease in its volume and a frequent urge to urinate. The symptom appears at 6-8 weeks and does not require treatment.

Stomach ache. They are moderate in nature and similar to premenstrual pain syndrome. May be accompanied by a sensation of spasm. The manifestations are not associated with any disease, but reflect an increase in the size of the uterus and an increase in its tone. If the pain is severe, you should immediately seek medical help.

Emotional lability. Frequent mood changes not associated with any external factors, typical for pregnant women. A pregnant woman feels sadness, anger, joy and other emotions several times during the day. However, she cannot explain the reason for their occurrence.

Pain in the lower back. The occurrence of back pain is not associated with an enlarged uterus or a shift in the center of gravity of the body. Their reason is the effect of progesterone on the intervertebral discs and supporting ligaments. Their structure softens, which leads to a redistribution of the load on the spine and discomfort. Severe pain in the lumbar region, spreading to the pelvis, may be signs of uterine hypertonicity or pelvic neuralgia.

Changes in the mammary glands. It is characterized by their slight increase due to increased blood flow and swelling. The changes occur due to an increase in progesterone levels. Women note increased sensitivity of the skin, including nipples. Some pregnant women complain of a tingling feeling and heaviness in the chest area. Darkening of the nipple areola is possible. These changes are physiological in nature and do not lead to negative consequences.

At 6 weeks of pregnancy, the body experiences significant changes, thanks to which a woman notices the first signs of her new condition. The ultrasound photo already shows the unborn baby - a small clot that looks like a tadpole. To facilitate the further course of pregnancy, the patient needs to adjust her daily routine and diet in accordance with the changed needs of the body.

What happens to the expectant mother at 6 weeks of pregnancy?

In the sixth week of pregnancy, all changes occur under the influence of hormonal changes. Increased secretion of progesterone, necessary for normal tone of the uterus and blood supply to the embryo, disrupts the functioning of the digestive system. If changes in hormonal levels bring only benefits to the fetus, then for the expectant mother they become the cause of toxicosis and deterioration in general well-being.

Woman's feelings

The following sensations indicate pregnancy:

1. Increased sensitivity of the mammary glands, manifested by swelling and soreness of the nipples.
2. General weakness. It occurs due to the dilation of blood vessels necessary for blood supply to the fetus, which can cause a woman’s blood pressure to decrease. The patient feels dizzy, lethargic, and decreased performance.
3. Problems with urination. They occur due to pressure from the uterus on the bladder. You should be wary if you experience cutting sensations when visiting the restroom. During pregnancy, the muscles of the ureters weaken, which opens the door to infection and increases the risk of developing cystitis.
4. An increase in body temperature to 37°C, associated with increased secretion of progesterone. During this period, expectant mothers are advised to monitor their basal temperature. You need to be wary if its indicators significantly decrease or increase: in the first case, this indicates an interrupted pregnancy, in the second, it indicates parallel inflammation.
5. Pulling sensations in the lower abdomen. This condition is normal and indicates stretching of the uterine ligaments. You should consult a doctor if the lower part is very painful and tight, the pain spreads to the left or right of the uterus and is accompanied by dark spotting. This usually indicates an infection, ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage.

Nature of the discharge

Discharge at 6 weeks of pregnancy should normally be light and odorless. You should be alert to the appearance of copious mucus that is yellow, green, or light brown in color with a pungent odor, indicating an infection. Often during this period a woman develops thrush, as evidenced by a cheesy discharge accompanied by itching.

There is no need to panic if a few drops of blood are mixed with the light “smear”. Often pink discharge appears on the days of expected menstruation. This may also be due to microtrauma to the vaginal mucosa resulting from a careless gynecological examination or vaginal ultrasound. Although pink discharge is normal, you should tell your doctor if it occurs.

The pathology is abundant, growing brown discharge, causing pain to the woman. This symptom indicates a lack of progesterone and the threat of spontaneous abortion. You should immediately consult a doctor if pain in the lower abdomen accompanies heavy bloody issues with clots that appeared after impacts and falls.

Toxicosis of pregnant women and other unpleasant symptoms

By the 5-6th week of pregnancy, a woman begins to show the first signs of toxicosis. Most pregnant women easily tolerate this period, and some do not have it at all. In 60% of cases, patient complaints are reduced to vomiting and increased salivation, which do not harm the fetus and disappear by the 4th month of pregnancy from conception. Only 10% of cases require special treatment.

Most often, nausea and vomiting bother the expectant mother in the morning. During the normal course of pregnancy, attacks occur no more than 3 times a day and, provided the drinking regime is maintained, do not worsen general state patients. Vomiting in the evening is a consequence of overwork, poor nutrition and lack of oxygen.

Depending on the frequency of vomiting and accompanying symptoms, there are following forms toxicosis:

1. Easy. It occurs in most women due to intolerance to smells and food. Often accompanied by a weak appetite and slight weight loss, but never leads to a deterioration in the general condition. Vomiting causes minor drying of the skin and oral mucosa.
2. Average. Attacks of vomiting occur regardless of meals, their number increases up to 10 times a day. The woman’s general health deteriorates: a low-grade fever appears, the pulse quickens with a decrease blood pressure, which leads to general weakness. Clinical studies show a slight decrease in hemoglobin and an increase in acetone in the urine.
3. Heavy. Unreasonable vomiting bothers the patient up to 20 times a day. There is a significant decrease in body weight (up to 8 kg in 1.5 weeks). Against the backdrop of refusal to eat, dizziness, loss of strength, and changes in psychological state are noted. If left untreated, hepatic-renal failure and coma develop.

Appearance and development of the embryo

By the 6th week of pregnancy from conception, an embryo can be seen on an ultrasound image. The image shows a dense clot that looks like a curled tadpole or auricle measuring 5 mm (see photo). At this stage, the embryo takes on the outlines of a human body: the foundations of future arms and legs, facial features and the inner ear are laid. The liver, spleen and lungs continue to form, but most importantly, the fetus acquires the rudiments of the brain.

By the sixth week of pregnancy, muscle tissue develops, which, together with the acquisition of the umbilical cord, allows the embryo to move in the amniotic sac. The woman does not feel the baby’s movements in any way, but he is already beginning to move his head and limbs. This period is also characterized by the formation circulatory system and control of the brain over the work of internal organs.

By the sixth embryonic week, female and male glands are formed. It is impossible to determine the sex at this stage, but with the help of an ultrasound you can hear the baby’s first heartbeat. At the 6th embryonic or 8th obstetric week, the placenta is attached to the uterus, which provides further development fetus due to improved nutrition, protection from harmful environmental factors, saturation with oxygen and nutrients.

What studies are carried out, what does the ultrasound show?

Most often, it is by the 6th week that the expectant mother visits the doctor, where she learns about her new condition. To reduce the likelihood of complications, the gynecologist refers the patient to a consultation with a therapist, ophthalmologist, dentist and otolaryngologist. Examinations by specialists make it possible to promptly identify foci of inflammation and hidden pathologies and resolve the issue of choosing a method of delivery.

What studies are needed to determine pregnancy management tactics? This:

• general blood and urine tests, including determination of group and Rh factor;
• blood test for hCG - human chorionic gonadotropin, the level of which can be used to judge the normal or pathological course of pregnancy;
• blood test for sexually transmitted diseases;
• vaginal smear.

Due to its low information content, ultrasound is not included in the list of planned procedures at week 6. An ultrasound will determine the fact and exact duration of pregnancy, show abnormalities in the development of the embryo, and the location of the fertilized egg in the uterus. The study is mandatory for IVF, suspected fetal pathology, ectopic or frozen pregnancy, or threat of miscarriage.

Regardless of how the sixth embryonic week proceeds, it is necessary to adhere to general recommendations: normalize diet, work and rest, avoid overwork and stress, and be sure to monitor weight changes. You should consult your doctor regarding the choice of special vitamin and mineral complexes, and, if necessary, maintenance medications.

Nutrition and drinking regime

In the early stages of gestation, you need to avoid heavy fried and fatty foods. To avoid anemia, which often occurs during pregnancy, and developmental disorders of the baby’s cardiovascular and nervous systems, it is better to give preference to light but nutritious foods. For the normal development of a baby, six main components are required:

• vitamins of groups B and E - wholemeal bread, green vegetables, chicken eggs, nuts, dried apricots;
• protein, and 50% of the diet should be products of plant origin - beans, buckwheat, lentils, soy, cauliflower, spinach;
• folic acid – beef and chicken liver, greens, raisins;
• iodine - sea ​​fish and cabbage;
• iron – apples, pumpkin seeds, sesame seeds, persimmons.

During the first months, you should not blindly follow the “8 glasses of water a day” rule, so as not to provoke swelling. A pregnant woman should drink as much as her body requires, taking into account the new condition.

If the patient experiences vomiting during the first weeks, the amount of fluid consumed must be increased to avoid dehydration. In this case, you need to drink not coffee and tea, but clean water.

Lifestyle of the expectant mother

In order for everything to be fine with the baby, the lifestyle of a pregnant woman should be based on 3 components:

1. Normal mode of work and rest. To add strength to a patient struggling with sudden sleepiness, it is recommended to go to bed an hour earlier. You should avoid overwork and be sure to rest during your lunch break.
2. Walks on fresh air. Not only does the flow of oxygen help combat impending nausea and dizziness, it also provides harmonious development fetus It is better to walk in the morning and evening hours to provide a boost of energy for the day and prepare the body for sleep.
3. Motor activity. The 6th week of pregnancy from conception is often accompanied by a loss of strength in a woman. Despite this, you need to overcome yourself and do the simplest morning exercises. This enhances metabolic processes in the mother’s body, which are so necessary for the child, and prevents toxicosis.

Ways to cope with the manifestations of toxicosis

During the first weeks of pregnancy, you should protect yourself from irritating odors and ventilate the room more often. It is necessary to exclude from the diet foods that provoke gas formation and retain fluid in the body: legumes, milk, cabbage, baked goods, marinades and pickles. After eating, it is better to take a walk in the fresh air, but under no circumstances lie down.

The following products help to quickly eliminate an impending attack of nausea:

• bread or dried fruit on an empty stomach;
• cold Mint tea with lemon;
• “watery” fruits and vegetables – watermelon, apples, cucumbers, sweet peppers;
• a piece of ginger or ginger broth;
• peppermint candies;
• juices of sour berries - cranberries, currants, cherries, cherry plums, but you should not abuse them so as not to irritate the walls of the stomach.

Intimate life

Getting pregnant does not mean giving up intimate relationships. At 8 obstetric weeks, the fetus is reliably protected by the mucus plug and amniotic fluid, and therefore, if there is no threat of miscarriage and other contraindications, sex at 6 weeks cannot harm the baby. Sexual intercourse also helps to cope with races emotional background arising due to increased production of progesterone.

What dangers await you at 6 weeks of pregnancy?

At 6-8 obstetric weeks of pregnancy, a woman is mainly faced with 2 types of dangers: miscarriage and embryonic developmental defects. Colds, exacerbation of chronic diseases, mechanical stress are the main causes of spontaneous abortion. When there is nagging pain in the lower abdomen, bloody and brown discharge you need to consult a doctor immediately.

The 6th week of pregnancy is characterized by rapid growth and formation of most of the baby’s internal organs. Adverse influence of factors external environment, overwork, stress, poor nutrition and bad habits, and most importantly, the lack of high-quality diagnostics leads to the development of pathologies of the heart and brain in the second month of pregnancy.

The human embryo continues its active development at 6 weeks. It is formed nervous system, the rudiment of the brain becomes visible, the neural tube branches, and the skin becomes sensitive. This first applies to the skin around the mouth and inside hips

At 6 weeks of pregnancy, the size of the fetus (embryo) is about 5 mm. The dimples where the eyes will develop are already visible on his face, and the places of the future nose and ears are indicated by folds. The arms and legs now have the beginnings of fingers.

Development of fetal internal organs at 6 weeks

The fetal heart continues to develop; the heartbeat of an embryo at 6 weeks is about 115 beats per minute. The intestines, esophagus and stomach also develop. True, the internal organs are still located outside the embryo, in a special bag. The fact is that his body is still too small to accommodate all the organs. But after just a few weeks, all organs will take their position inside the fetus.

The lungs continue to develop, but the gill slits will still remain. An embryo at 6-7 weeks already has the rudiments of the genital organs, although it is still impossible to determine its gender by ultrasound.

A 6-7 week old fetus can already move due to the fact that its muscles and muscle tissue are sufficiently developed. Of course, the expectant mother cannot yet feel these movements - this will be possible only after a few months.

As for the placenta, it is not yet formed and looks like a small thickening, which is connected to the embryo with the help of a thin umbilical cord. But there is more and more amniotic fluid around the fetus.

What is the fetus at 6 weeks?

If you want to know what a fetus looks like at 6 weeks, then this is not yet entirely feasible. It does not yet have the shape of a man and nothing is clear in the photo. The size of the fertilized egg is only 2.5 cm. At the same time, the coccygeal-parietal size (CPR) of the fetus at 6 weeks is no more than 6 mm, and the size of the yolk sac is 3 cubic millimeters.

Although according to the obstetric calendar you are already 6 weeks old, only a month has passed since conception. No external changes in the woman’s appearance have yet been observed. But emotions under the influence of hormones are already “naughty”. Emotional instability manifests itself in a sharp change in mood from happiness to irritation and back. This may happen several times a day.

In addition, a woman may begin to suffer from toxicosis: she even vomits, especially in the morning, has a headache, and is accompanied by painful weakness and drowsiness all day. A taste preferences change beyond recognition. However, this does not necessarily happen to everyone.

Often, at week 6, a woman’s sciatic nerve becomes inflamed, which causes noticeable discomfort, although it does not pose any danger. To reduce suffering, you need to rest more, lying on the side opposite to the pain. In the evening, discomfort usually intensifies, which is associated with overexertion during a tiring day.

On this period A woman's breasts become enlarged and their sensitivity increases. It's time to think about purchasing a new, freer one . It is desirable that he be from natural fabric and had wide straps.

It's time to change your shoes: if you're used to wearing them high heels and platforms, you need to switch to more comfortable shoes. This is necessary not only for the convenience and safety of the mother, but also for the baby. Wearing heels changes the position of the uterus and thus causes discomfort for the developing baby.

At 6 weeks it is already possible to register with the antenatal clinic. There you will be given directions for various tests and studies. This is necessary to plan the further management of your pregnancy.