Autumn types of rows. Ryadovka: edible and inedible mushrooms with photos and descriptions Ryadovka yellow-brown how to cook

(red, blushing), or honey agaric yellow-red (Tricholomopsis rutilans), captivates with its appearance and real mushroom smell. This beautiful mushroom with a yellow-red hat appears in the forests at the end of summer and closer to autumn. Most often it is found near stumps or on the roots of coniferous trees. Many mushroom pickers have a question: is the yellow-red row edible? Is it worth collecting? And how to cook? On the one hand, for the majority it is an unknown mushroom, which, according to the main commandment of the mushroom picker, cannot be taken. It's safer to collect only well famous mushrooms. On the other hand, the yellow-red honey agaric looks quite edible. Let's try to deal with all these questions.

Description of the yellow-red row (yellow-red honey agaric)

Hat. The yellow-red cap, or yellow-red honey agaric, has a yellow skin, which is covered with red, dark red or red-lilac fibrous scales. Such that it seems that the hat is slightly velvety, strewn with many tiny red strokes, dots and villi. It is because of these scales that the yellow skin looks red, red-pink or orange-red. As the fungus grows, the scales remain mostly near the central part of the cap. The edges are visibly discolored, retaining a yellow or yellowish vanilla coloration of the skin.

The hat of young rows has a convex shape. As the fungus grows, it opens up, becoming almost flat. The skin is dry, slightly velvety. Hat plates adherent, yellow.

The size of the cap depends on the age of the fungus. Their diameter rarely exceeds 15 cm, more often up to 10 cm.

Leg. A dense leg of a row of yellow-red, or a honey agaric of yellow-red, also yellow. Its height is up to 10 cm, diameter is up to 1.5 cm. Numerous purple scales located longitudinally are visible on the leg.

Pulp. The pulp of this mushroom can be not only yellow, but also yellow-cream. It has a pleasant mushroom or vague smell. It is sometimes compared to the smell of decaying wood. The taste of raw pulp is bitter.

Where and when does the yellow-red row (yellow-red honey agaric) grow?

The fungus loves coniferous trees. He settles in their roots, can climb on stumps (especially old ones) or is seen nearby in the grass. Prefers pine trees. Ryadovka yellow-red grows not only in our country, but also in other countries. Its description can be found in reference books and determinants of mushrooms by foreign authors.

Mushroom growth time is summer and autumn.

Is the yellow-red row (yellow-red honey agaric) edible?

Row yellow-red, or honey agaric yellow-red, edible. This is a mushroom that can hardly be called tasty. But together with other mushrooms it may well be cooked and eaten. The marking "inedible" in some reference books only indicates that the mushroom is of little use for mass consumption, and not that it is poisonous. In the USSR, according to GOST, the mushroom was not harvested.

The yellow-red row must first be boiled and immediately drain the first water. Only after that the mushroom is prepared. Preferably at least 40 minutes. Ryadovka can be boiled, fried and salted. One of better ways The preparation of this mushroom is pickling along with other mushrooms. Weak bitterness disappears. You can harvest (salt and pickle) according to the recipes that we gave in the article “Winter honey agaric ( winter mushroom) appears in late autumn.

Mushroom twin rowing yellow-red (yellow-red honey agaric)

The yellow-red row, or yellow-red honey agaric, has such a characteristic appearance that it is difficult to confuse it with other mushrooms. However, it is worth recalling some external resemblance to the poisonous and very bitter false brick-red honey agaric. It is important to know this so as not to accidentally put a poisonous false honey agaric in a basket instead of an edible row.

A clear difference will be the presence of a brick-red false thin cobweb cover covering the plates, or the remains of a fringe (similar not to a ring, but to rare flakes) in the upper part of the leg. The color of the plates also matters. It is whitish (in young false mushrooms) or grayish, grayish-cream, greenish-yellow, olive (in adults). It is found brownish-green or black-green (in old ones).

The shape of the cap in young false mushrooms is bell-shaped, later rounded.

The leg is elongated, curved, fused from below with neighboring mushrooms. Its color is sulfur yellow or with a brown tinge.

False brick-red honey agaric appears from August, mainly bears fruit in autumn (massively in September). This bright mushroom cannot be collected. It is sometimes confused with, which leads to severe poisoning.

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Rows are mushrooms of autumn fruiting, grow from September to November. Widespread in the forest temperate zone Russian Federation. The peak of growth occurs at the beginning of autumn and continues until the first half of October.

Among all rows, the most popular are purple, purple-legged, crowded and giant view. The lilac-legged row is recognized as the best in taste. But among all specimens there are edible and inedible rows.

Row purple: photo and description

This species belongs to the family: ordinary, it is also called the bluish, naked naked and titmouse. Late season rowing has excellent taste. Description of mushroom:

1. The diameter of the hat ranges from 4 to 20 cm, it has curved thin edges and is slightly convex in shape. The surface is wet and smooth. The main color is purple, but has dark, brown and purple hues. In the middle of the hat there is a bright brown purple.
2. The plates are densely arranged and have a purple color. Later they can change color to pale lilac and light purple.
3. The structure of the fungus is dense. After a while, the row changes to a light purple color.
4. The leg is fleshy with a cylindrical shape, there is a thickening at the base. Size: 3-10*0.7-3 cm.

The mushroom contains a high percentage of ergosterol, stearic acid and vitamin B1, so it is effective in medicinal use.

Medicinal properties

In an experiment on laboratory animals, it was determined that the purple line has the ability suppress sarcoma-180 in 90% of cases as well as other cancers. For example, it copes in all 100% of cases with Ehrlich's carcinoma. It is capable of exerting a cytotoxic effect on tumor cells along the L-1210 line. It has a negative effect on the development of Walker 256 sarcoma and MCF-7 breast cancer.

Has an antibacterial effect and affects gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Suppresses and eliminates fungal activity, for example: Candida albicans. With regular use, the concentration of glucose in the blood decreases. Due to the presence of vitamins in the fungus, it is used to treat beriberi disease. To date, scientists are developing a dietary drug that is intended to control hypoglycemia.

In addition to the beneficial properties of the treatment of serious diseases, the mushroom improves immunity and eliminates inflammatory processes. It has an effective effect against influenza viruses.

Chinese traditional healers it is advised to use purple row often, which increases the stability nervous system, the level of sugar in the blood stabilizes, the spleen acquires a healthy state.

This type of mushroom belongs to the edible category and does not require pre-boiling. It is used for various dishes, fillings and salads.

The purple row is located to strong absorption of toxic elements. It ranks third in absorbing cadmium, tin, mercury and copper. It is not recommended to collect in places such as: industrial areas, parks and other places with high pollution.

The violet row mycelium initially has a light blue color, but after a while it acquires its characteristic color - purple.

purple-legged row

The mushroom belongs to the family: ordinary. Other names: blueleg, goose and two-color row. Description of mushroom:

This variety belongs to edible mushrooms.. It can grow in various areas: near residential buildings, near farms, pastures and lawns, in forest belts and forests. The distribution medium of the fungus is the temperate forest-steppe of Russia. Fruiting from July to October.

In appearance, it resembles a purple row. It can only be distinguished by its distribution medium and lighter color.

From a medical point of view, the mushroom has a high antioxidant activity.

From a culinary point of view, mushrooms have excellent palatability. It is allowed to use without preliminary boiling. It is applied for various salads and soups.

giant rows

They belong to the family: ordinary. Other names: giant pig and giant white pig. Description of mushroom:

Distribution environment: meadows, pastures, near roads, forest edges, glades and the entire temperate zone of Russia. It is mainly distributed on the Crimean Peninsula. Fruiting occurs in July-October.

Medicinal properties

The mushroom contains clitocin, this antibiotic is able to eliminate many pathogenic bacteria, for example: Salmonella typhi and others. Medicine has revealed the ability to eliminate the disease of cervical cancer. In addition, the mushroom contains flavonoid and phenol.

This species is edible and consumed only fresh. The recommended decoction time is 20 minutes and the liquid must be salty. During the collection, old mushrooms should be bypassed, because they have a bitter taste.

Belongs to the Ordinary family. Other names: group rowing and crowded lyophyllum. Description of mushroom:

Many mushroom pickers have met crowded rows, but not everyone knows what kind of variety it is. They can be found near roads, in yards, they grow on lawns and even in flower beds. They grow mainly in huge columns, the soil must be equipped with humus. Distribution: Far East, southern Siberia and European part Russia. Fruiting is infrequent and begins in August and ends in November. But if you meet at least one crowded row at the edge, then their number will be large.

Medicinal properties

Row is valued due to its immunostimulatory and anti-cancer activities. It was from this fungus that at least 10 polysaccharides were isolated, which include lyophyllan A. It has an inhibitory effect on sarcoma in 100% of cases, preventing it from developing.

Crowded row contains a large number of macrophagocytes. If you grind the mushroom to a state of powder and systematically use it, then the level of cholesterol in the blood can decrease, in addition, insulin and sugar decrease. Used in medicine in more for antidiabetic drugs.

This mushroom is edible. It does not need to be pre-boiled. You can cook with different dishes, but it cannot be dried.

This is interesting! Crowded rows are used in medical Asian industries for the manufacture of drugs in the antidiabetic and immunostimulating direction.

Row yellow

Belongs to the Ordinary family. It has another name - decorated row. Description of mushroom:

To taste, the yellow row is rather bitter, but edible, has a pleasant woody aroma. They grow in small groups, mostly on shabby old trees.

List of inedible mushrooms

Among the edible rows There are also inedible varieties. which are not recommended for consumption. Scroll:

This inhabitant of the forests is quite easy to recognize because of her beautiful warm color. But mushroom pickers rarely notice it - the yellow-brown row appears at the same time when other types of mushrooms begin to grow. That's why she goes unnoticed. What is interesting about this representative of the mushroom kingdom and where does it live?

Yellow-brown rowweed (Tricholoma fulvum) is an agaric fungus that belongs to the Row family. It has a lot of scientific names:

• yellow-brown row;
• brown row;
• brown-yellow row;
• row red-brown.

The Latin synonym for brown-yellow is the phrase Tricholoma flavobrunneum. Common names include:

• plantain;
• walnut honey fungus;
• footpath.

This is a conditionally edible species, and some sources indicate inedibility and even that it can be poisonous. The description, according to reference guides, is as follows:

• the cap is conical-rounded with edges tucked inward in young representatives of the species, prostrate with a tubercle, wavy, with wrinkled edges in mature ones. Diameter - from 4 to 10 cm, individual mushrooms have a cap and up to 15 cm. The color of the skin is yellow-orange, brown-yellow, red-brown, reddish. The hat is always darker in the center than at the edges. The surface is dry and smooth to the touch, but when it rains or high humidity air becomes oily and slippery;
• the leg is quite high, thin - at a height of 7-15 cm it has a width of only 1-2.5 cm. At first it is solid, without voids, later it is hollow, fairly even, less often curved, cylindrical in shape, with a slight thickening at the bottom. A high leg is one of the main distinguishing marks of the yellow-brown row from other members of the family. The color of the surface is usually the same as that of the cap, but the shade darkens towards the bottom. In older representatives of the species, it is brown in color;
• the pulp is dense, medium fleshy in the cap, with a yellowish tinge. The flesh of the leg is fibrous, the color is yellowish or whitish. The taste of rowing is brown-yellow bitter, has a powdery aroma;
• plates sinuous, adherent or notched, wide and frequent. Light yellow, cream, gray, in mature mushrooms - brown, sometimes have red-brown spots and edges;
• spores ellipsoid, white.

Distribution and fruiting period

The habitats of the yellow-brown beauty are deciduous, most often birch forests, as well as mixed and rarely coniferous, northern temperate zones ( North America, west and east of Europe, the Urals, the northern and middle parts of Russia, the Far East). The fungus forms mycorrhiza with birches, sometimes with representatives of conifers.

Row yellow-brown grows most often large groups, quite often forms "witch circles", singly occurs occasionally. The fruiting period begins at the end of August and lasts until October. Quite often found on the path of lovers " silent hunting”, bears fruit always actively and copes well with drought.

Similar species

The yellow-brown row has practically no twins. But an inexperienced mushroom picker may confuse it with other species of the Ryadovkov family. For example, with conditionally edible poplar (Tricholoma populinum), in which the plates white color, a thicker stem, and it grows near poplars.

The heroine of the article also has a similarity with the conditionally edible white-brown row (Tricholoma albobrunneum), which has white plates and a dark chestnut hat. The brown-yellow beauty is a bit like the conditionally edible red-yellow (Tricholomopsis rutilans), which differs from the one described by the fact that it grows near the stumps, next to or on the roots of conifers and has a clear yellow-red color. And unlike the conditionally edible scaly (Tricholoma imbricatum), the yellow-brown scales do not. The mushroom has no poisonous analogues.

Primary processing and preparation

Ryadovka yellow-brown is considered a conditionally edible representative of the mushroom kingdom and belongs to category IV. Those who have tried it say that it is not tasty and is very bitter. Perhaps that is why it is not popular with mushroom pickers. But if you know the secrets of its preparation, then rowing will be quite a tasty addition to your table.

The yellow-brown row is harvested only at a young age, while the fruiting bodies are not yet very saturated with bitterness. It is usually salted or pickled along with other types of mushrooms. It can also be boiled or fried, but after a preliminary 40-minute boil and drain the water in which the rows were located.

The yellow-brown row is a completely unremarkable mushroom in appearance, but it will grow even when the year turned out to be dry, and there are no mushrooms in the forest. Perhaps that is why it is still sometimes collected. But in the mushroom year, most often this row is simply bypassed, giving preference to other representatives of the mushroom kingdom.

Most people bypass them. Even experienced mushroom pickers do not always risk collecting such forest trophies, being afraid to confuse them with. Further in the article we will talk about the features and signs of yellow-brown rowing, places where it can be found, and useful properties.

Edibility

Yellow-brown rows of botany are credited to conditionally edible mushrooms . They can be eaten boiled, fried, stewed, and even types. Many people love these dishes in combination with mashed potatoes and. Also, snacks and all kinds of salads are prepared from these forest fruits without preliminary boiling.

Important! Poisonous rows are not hallucinogens. In case of poisoning, there is general weakness, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, gastrointestinal pain and diarrhea. Symptoms of poisoning appear after 1.5-3 hours.

According to experienced mushroom pickers, in terms of taste, the rows are inferior to many of their counterparts. This is due to the slight bitter taste of the fruiting body, inherent in old trophies. If you did not find young fungi and were tempted by the appetizing appearance of a mature row, be sure to soak the harvested crop overnight. Experts attribute the cause of the appearance of bitterness in taste to the formation of mycorrhiza under. Despite this shortcoming, the mushroom often appears as the main nutritional component in different diets. Its chemical composition is very close to meat products, and the calorie content of a 100-gram serving is equal to a bowl of broth (20 kcal). Nutritionists advise combining rows with durum pasta and rice porridge for better absorption of carbohydrates.

In its raw form, the forest product can be stored in the refrigerator for no more than 3 days. If it is salted or frozen, the shelf life will last up to six months. And in dried or canned form, the workpiece will not deteriorate even after a year.

Did you know? Adherents of natural face and body care products use the yellow-brown line to treat acne and normalize the sebaceous glands. To do this, the dried fruit body is ground into powder and added to traditional masks.

Synonyms and common name

IN scientific literature this type of mushroom is designated as a yellow-brown row (Tricholoma fulvum). There is an opinion that the name comes from the property of mycosis formers with a specific cap color to be located in a row or in large groups.
In addition, in the process of studying, the Swedish botanist Elias Magnus and the American mycologist Charles Horton Peck introduced many botanical synonyms. If you show interest and want to learn more from specialized sources about the differences between these mushrooms, pay attention to following titles:

• Agaricus flavobrunneus;
• Agaricus fulvus;
• Agaricus nictitans;
• Callistosporium marginatum;
• Clitocybe marginata;
• Gyrophila fulva;
• Monadelphus marginatus;
• Tricholoma flavobrunneum;
• Tricholoma nictitans.

In everyday life, yellow-brown rows are often called orange, brown and red-brown. All these names are associated with the shades of the mushroom cap. In addition, the name "plantain" is rarely found, due to the wide distribution of the species.

Did you know? One of the types of rows - matsutake - is very much appreciated in Japanese cuisine. A restaurant portion of a delicacy in the Land of the Rising Sun is estimated at about $150.

Botanical description

Yellow-brown rowing among other varieties of this genus is easily recognizable by its high stem. But this is not the main landmark that you should pay attention to during a quiet hunt. Let's take a closer look at this mushroom.

Hat

This part of the fungus often confuses inexperienced foragers. And all because she can be various shapes: from flattened and widely procumbent to convex conical. But in any case, a low tubercle should clearly enter in the center of the cap. In connection with such an unpredictable shape, the diameter of the cap varies from 3 to 15 centimeters.

Its sticky surface is characterized by a rich yellow-brown color. Sometimes it can acquire reddish hues. The edges are always lighter than the center. IN rainy season the hat is covered with a specific gloss. And when dried, it has a fibrous structure. On overripe specimens, it becomes scaly.

When cutting such a trophy, you will see a dense, medium-fleshy structure of a rich yellow color (sometimes with brown impurities). edible mushroom characteristic mealy smell and bitter taste.

Leg

Its length can reach 15 centimeters, and thickness - up to 2 centimeters. It has a regular cylindrical shape (sometimes it can expand at the base), a dense, highly fibrous structure and a dry, smooth surface, identical in color to the cap. During the rainy season, stickiness appears on the leg.

Important! Mushrooms are difficult to digest, therefore they are contraindicated for people with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and gallbladder. With abundant consumption, even absolutely healthy person indigestion may occur.

Records

This part of the yellow-brown row differs from the poisonous counterparts in a light yellow or yellow-cream color. Sometimes brown dots and jagged edges appear on the hymenophore of mature mushrooms. In young specimens, the plates are tightly adherent, may be densely or sparsely located.

Seasonality and places of growth

Rows are not at all uncommon. The yellow-brown variety is often found in deciduous plantings, as well as under conifers. Mushrooms form a symbiosis with, beeches,. Found singly and in large groups.

The mushroom season starts in August and lasts until mid-September.

Important! The main difference between poisonous and edible rows is a fetid smell, flat shapes and white caps.

What mushrooms can be confused with

Today, botanists know about a hundred species of mushrooms from the genus Rows. Therefore, it is not difficult to make a mistake when collecting such trophies. Even experienced mushroom pickers often confuse the yellow-brown variety with:

Benefit and harm

To judge the benefits or harms of these forest gifts, it is enough to analyze their chemical composition.

It contains:

• polysaccharides;
• phenols;
• flavonoids;
• clitocin and fomecin;
• ergosterol;
• sodium;
• phosphorus;
• zinc;
• manganese;
• calcium;
• iron;
• potassium;
• retinol;
• ascorbic acid;
• B vitamins;
• nicotinamide;
• betaine;
• phylloquinone;
• ergocalciferol;
• cholecalciferol;
• amino acids (lysine, threonine, alanine, phenylalanine, glutamine, aspartic, stearic).

Kira Stoletova

IN temperate climate row mushrooms grow productively. They are found in all regions of Russia. When collecting, you need to know exact description edible and non-edible varieties.

Appearance and habitat

Mushroom rowing or govorushka forms fruiting bodies with a clearly defined division into a hat and a leg. In representatives of the genus, the hat is flat (this is typical for mature mushrooms, but in young it is hemispherical), with a lamellar hymenoform, it differs in different types coloration. The leg is long, cylindrical.

Ryadovki - ground types of mushrooms. More often, the mycelium chooses the soil next to coniferous trees. Individuals grow in clusters in small groups. They can form ring colonies - "witch circles". There are many places where rows grow: they are forest, meadow, grow in groves and even parks.

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):

It is important not to forget that most species of rows are mycorrhiza-forming, which, as symbionts, prefer representatives of coniferous tree species, choosing most often pine and less often larch, spruce and fir. Only rare species genera form mycorrhiza with deciduous trees(beech, oak, birch). Poor sandy or calcareous soils of coniferous and mixed forests are chosen as a habitat.

The genus got its name because of the “addiction” of representatives to grow in rows or groups. In some regions of the Russian Federation, they are even called "mice".

Geographically, the types of rows cover the whole of Russia. The species is also growing in the Crimea. Crimean mushrooms are actively harvested from early spring until the middle of winter due to the warm climate. Basically, the fruiting time of the genus is autumn, because it is the autumn fruiting bodies that reach their peak of fleshiness and quantity. Some species appear in the spring, while others bear fruit until the cold weather. Row mushroom combines many species, the description of which is useful to every mushroom picker, so as not to send false mushrooms to the basket, and then to the plate.

Species diversity

Among the varieties of the variety there are edible, conditionally edible and poisonous fruits.

Edible species

• Row earthy (earthen): in youth it has a bell-shaped hat, in adults it is prostrate - up to 10 cm in diameter. The color of the cap is dark gray, the surface structure from afar resembles a smooth pile, the stem is white or light gray. On its surface, some representatives can see the "annular zone" - the remains of a private bedspread. The pulp is whitish, dense with a pleasant floral smell.
• Row open-shaped, or bandaged: has a ring on the stem, which divides not just the stem into parts, but its color: above the ring (almost under the hat) the color is white, but under the ring it is red-brown, to match the hat.

Type description:

1. Hat up to 10 cm in diameter.
2. The color of the cap is brown, sometimes there are remnants of a film bedspread on it. The edges are uneven.
3. Pulp with a slight smell, fibrous, bitter.
4. The plates are frequent, white-cream.

• Row giant: in representatives of this species, the hat grows from 8 to 20 cm in diameter. She was also given the name rowing gigantic. The leg is up to 10 cm, the thickness is about 4 cm. The color of the cap is brown, the leg is white with brown patches. The pulp is dense, white. The species is classified as rare, it is listed in the Red Book.

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):

The giant row is considered a mushroom with fairly good taste. In cooking, it is used both pickled and salted, but before cooking it must be boiled for 20 minutes to remove bitterness. The pulp of the fungus contains the antibiotic clitocin, which has the ability to destroy pathogenic bacteria, as well as cancer cells.

On the territory of Russia, the giant row is found in some regions (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Kirov and Leningrad region), where it forms mycorrhiza with conifers. The species prefers pine forests, but it can also be found in mixed forests Crimea.

• golden line, or brown-yellow: has yellow or yellow-brownish, so-called. hydrophobic hats. For your information. The hygrophobia of caps is their property to retain water. There is a small depression in the middle. The color is uniform, but there are rust spots. The pulp is dense with a characteristic anise smell, with a bitter aftertaste. Most sources consider it poisonous, and a few - conditionally edible. But fruiting bodies are always processed by soaking and boiling.
• Row scaly, or brownish, or sweetie or black-scaled: the color of the cap is reddish-brown or red-brown with scales. The leg is lighter, but with a uniform surface color. The shape of the leg is cylindrical, in young individuals it is dense, in adults it is with voids. The scaly row has white-cream or brownish plates. The smell of pulp is mealy. This species is edible.
• Shod row: gourmet view. Known as matsutake pine mushroom, pine horns. It grows in the Far East, especially appreciated in Japan and China. In Russia they are found in the Urals, in Eastern Siberia, Amur and Khabarovsk regions. The search for fruiting bodies is hampered by the foliage under which they hide. This fungus has a cheesy bitter taste and a pleasant smell of anise. A feature of the species is a leg deeply planted in the soil. When collecting shod rows, the fruiting bodies are dug out by hand to avoid damage. Type description:

1. Hat: up to 20 cm in diameter. The color is white-brown, the edge is uneven. The hat is thick, elastic, has scales in light areas. The hymenophore is lamellar.
2. Leg: long, cylindrical. Tapers downward, almost completely in the soil. Below there is a characteristic "stocking" with a "skirt". It is white with brown stains, the “skirt” is also brown. Above the "skirt" the leg is white with small scales.
3. Pulp: white color with a pleasant fruity aroma.

Matsutake is a whimsical look. It requires special soil and temperature regime. Does not grow in one place for more than 10 years. The fruiting period is September-early October.

• Two-color rowing, or lilac-legged: edible species of the genus. Resistant to lower temperatures, so late. Fruiting bodies are harvested until severe frosts. The hat is cushion-shaped, dense to the touch. Color gray-violet or yellow-gray. The leg is long, cylindrical. The color of the leg is the same as that of the cap, but there are bright purple furrows or blotches. The plates are frequent, white or grayish in color. The pulp is white with a pleasant fruity smell.
• Row bearded: the species has weak gastronomic characteristics. Belongs to the group of conditionally edible. Appearance the same as that of the scaly row, but there is a fringe of fibers along the edge of the cap. The bearded row has a mild smell and taste.
• Row brown: similar to other species of the genus, which have a dark brown cap color. But in the brown row, it gravitates more towards red-brown or yellow-brown. Vertical dark brown stripes can be seen along the outer concave edge of the cap. With increased humidity, mucus forms on the surface of the leg. The pulp is dense, the smell is mealy, and the taste is bitter.

• weed lepista, or dirty (weed row, titmouse): the species belongs to the rows, but is not yet sufficiently studied. Her hat is dark gray, sometimes with a lilac tint. The size can reach 8 cm in diameter. The flesh is not fleshy, but thin and fragile. Very often hats fade. They are often confused with the purple row, but there is no danger in this: both mushrooms are edible.
• Row green, or greenfinch, or lemon: the color of the fruiting body varies from greenish-yellow to light green. Sometimes there are fruiting bodies of bright yellow color. When processed, the color does not disappear. In the center of the cap is a dark gray spot covered with scales. Often cracks around the edge. The flesh is light lemon in color, darkens when broken, has the smell of fresh flour. Grows only under coniferous trees.
• Row naked, or purple: collect it in autumn period. The appearance repels mushroom pickers, because a bright color in nature, in particular, usually has poisonous fruits, both in plants and in mushrooms. But this species is conditionally edible. It differs from the lilac-legged rowing in the uniform color of the hat, and the legs in purple. The pulp has a pleasant anise smell. This species is classified as a typical saprophyte.

Mushroom caps come in different colors:

• violet;
• blue;
• Lilac;
• Pink;
• redhead;
• Orange.

They also distinguish the types of trees with which they create mycorrhiza. According to this criterion, the rowing mushroom enters into a symbiotic relationship and forms mycorrhiza with the following types of deciduous trees:

• Birch;
• Aspen;
• Alder.

However, rows rarely form mycorrhiza with oak and prefer birch and conifers for this purpose. Tasty and juicy fruit bodies grow under pines and aspens.

Inedible species

Edible rows must be able to distinguish from inedible ones, because they cause intestinal disorders or poisoning.

• Row fibrous: the fruiting bodies of the species are considered inedible due to their pungent taste. Outwardly, it looks like a gray row, which has the inherent taste and smell of flour.
• Row tiger, or leopard: very dangerous for humans, because. capable of causing severe poisoning. The color of the cap is silver-blue with gray longitudinal scales. In the middle there is a convex tubercle. The plates are olive green. On the leg of mushrooms of the tiger rowing species, it has a characteristic powdery coating. The fruit body deceives novice mushroom pickers with a pleasant smell of pulp.
• Soap row: got its name because of the smell of the specific smell of the pulp, which resembles cheap soap. Mushrooms of this species have a hemispherical cap with a wavy edge. On the outer circle, its color is light gray, towards the center it darkens down to the color of dark copper. The leg is gray, long. At the break, the flesh turns red. When cooking, the unpleasant smell only intensifies.
• Row pointed, or mouse, or stinging, or striped: outwardly similar to a row of earthy-gray. It contains some muscarine in the pulp, which is classified as a strong poison. But the main differences dangerous kind such:

1. Umbrella shape of the cap and a pointed hill in the middle.
2. Bitter taste, powdery smell.
3. The color of the cap is heterogeneous, sometimes with white patches. Mucous surface in wet weather.

• Row spotted, or ruined, or speckled: slightly venomous. Outwardly similar to edible, but differs from safe rows in small dark purple or gray spots on the cap closer to the edge. There is also mucus on the cap, and the leg is fibrous. It darkens when touched and when broken. When eaten, it can cause gastrointestinal upset.
• Smelly row: in Russia, cases of poisoning by this species are known, although the area of ​​\u200b\u200bgrowth is limited to the Amur Region:

1. The fruiting body of the species is completely white. The hat is prostrate with a tubercle in the middle and uneven edges. System of plates (hymenophore) fused with the cap.
2. The poisonous pulp has the smell of lighting gas or tar, for which the species got its name. A dangerous toxin causes auditory and visual hallucinations.

• Row spruce sultry: very similar to edible greenfinch. She has a dirty green-yellowish hat color. It is often confused with milk mushrooms, but they form mycorrhiza with deciduous trees, and sultry - only with representatives of conifers. Adults of this row have a funnel in the center of the cap.

Types of unclear etiology

Among the varieties of the mushroom of the genus Ryadovka, there are also unidentified ones that look like representatives of other families:

• Elm row: the species is similar in type of growth to honey mushrooms. They grow on fruit trees, have light or white-yellow caps. The scientific name is elm lyophyllum or elm oyster mushroom.
• Smoky talker: belongs to that family Ryadovkovye, but to another genus - Govorushka.

Beneficial features

Representatives of different species belonging to the genus Ryadovka contain vitamins A, group B, PP, E. The pulp contains thiamine and riboflavin, as well as useful trace elements calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, copper, phosphorus, zinc. The chitin and fiber contained in the cell walls cleanse the intestines of toxins.

Forest gifts are not a low-calorie product, they are quickly saturated. For 100 g from 30 to 40 kcal. There are almost no fats and carbohydrates in the pulp, most of the mass is occupied by water and protein. IN forest species contains all types of amino acids (including essential ones) that a person needs for normal life.

Row mushrooms with regular use:

• strengthen immunity;
• lower the level of cholesterol in the vessels;
• improve vision;
• work as antioxidants;
• lower blood sugar levels.

Application

Row mushrooms are widely used in cooking and medicine. But before using the fruiting bodies in medicinal purposes be sure to check with your doctor.

In cooking

Edible varieties of rowing mushrooms are bitter if not properly processed. It includes soaking cold water within a few days. At the same time, the water is regularly (2-3 times a day) drained and filled with new water. Then the fruit bodies are boiled for 20 minutes in salted water. As a result, the bitterness goes away.

Popular processing methods:

• salting for snacks;
• pickling;
• canning for the winter;
• some types are fried after boiling.

It is not advisable to dry row mushrooms: the pulp without processing will be bitter and tough, therefore it is not suitable for food. Fresh fruiting bodies are stored in the refrigerator for up to 3 days, salted - up to 3 months. The longest stored without loss of quality and harm to health rows in deep freezing and canned with sterilization - up to 1 year.

In medicine

At the row beneficial features are not limited to attractive taste and the presence of a significant amount of trace elements and vitamins in the pulp. The benefit of the genus for medicine lies in the possibility of using them to obtain antibiotics in the near future. So, in the pulp of matsutake (shod or spotted row) substances were found from which antibiotics and antitumor substances will soon be obtained.

The people consider the species useful for tuberculosis patients, but official medicine does not confirm the data. Also, tinctures from dried fruits are used as skin lotions. Ointments and infusions with mushroom extract have long been used to rejuvenate the skin.

Contraindications

• people with diseases of the stomach and gastrointestinal tract;
• To old people;
• children under 7 years old;
• people with allergies or individual intolerance;
• Mycelium is planted in autumn at temperatures below +15℃.
• For better aeration, mushrooms need ordering.
• For creating necessary conditions, beds are sheltered from the sun and rain.
• When a new mycelium is formed, soil is added.
• After each harvest, it is necessary to add fresh soil.

Conclusion

There are row mushrooms edible and inedible. Sometimes it is difficult to establish the belonging of a fungus to a particular species due to the external similarity of several species. If the mushroom picker is not sure about the quality or belonging to one of edible species He shouldn't risk his health. Matsutake, which grows in the eastern regions of Russia, is considered a delicacy.