What can you eat if you have kidney problems? Diet for kidney diseases: basic principles of therapeutic nutrition, recommendations for various diseases. Diet recipes for kidney disease

If a person is sick, he must adhere to a certain mode of life. And at the same time it is very important proper nutrition. That is why in this article I want to talk about what a diet for kidney disease can be.

A few words about kidneys

At the very beginning, it must be said that the kidneys in the human body perform the following most important functions:

1. Regulation of water-salt balance.
2. Regulation of the endocrine system.
3. Metabolism of most nutrients.

What is important to know if a patient has kidney pain? Symptoms of the disease, treatment, diet - that's what you need to pay special attention to. What are the signs of a disease of this organ in a person?

1. Urination disorder. In this case, the amount of the daily dose of excreted urine can both decrease and increase.
2. Cutting when urinating (dysuria).
3. There may also be pain in the lumbar region.
4. The patient may have an increase in body temperature.
5. Quite often there are hypostases.
6. Other symptoms: increased blood pressure, weakness, pallor of the skin.

Table number 7

In addition to the fact that the doctor in case of kidney diseases, the patient prescribes various medicines, so it is still very important to observe correct mode nutrition. Only when integrated approach possible in short terms cope with the disease. What should be Table number 7. What does this mean? So, this diet is prescribed for inflammatory processes that occur in this organ. In this case, the diet performs the following functions:

1. Spares the work of the kidneys, without loading them.
2. Reduces blood pressure.
3. Restores water and electrolyte balance in the patient's body.
4. Removes swelling.

This diet is prescribed for diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract. Such a diet can also have various subspecies: table 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7r.

General nutritional characteristics

What exactly will be the diet for kidney disease?

1. Proteins should be present in the diet in small quantities.
2. Carbohydrates and fats enter the body according to the norm.
3. Salt should be almost completely eliminated from the diet.
4. Fluid intake is also limited (preferably up to 0.8 liters per day).
5. Food should be as vitaminized as possible.
6. The temperature of the dishes can be normal, any heat treatment is also permissible.
7. Fractional nutrition - 5-6 times a day.

The chemical composition of diet No. 7

It is also necessary to consider chemical composition given power mode:

1. Proteins: 80 grams. Of these, animal proteins should not be more than 50%.
2. Carbohydrates: 400-450 grams. Sugar should not be consumed per day more than 90 g.
3. Fats: approximately 100 grams. 25% of them are vegetable.
4. In this case, the patient should not drink more than 1 liter of liquid.

Foods that can be eaten by the patient

What foods are allowed to the patient if he is prescribed a diet for kidney disease?

1. Bread can be protein-free, wheat with bran. Prepared without salt.
2. Vegetarian soups.
3. In the first couple of weeks of treatment, meat should be excluded from the diet. Then you can eat lean meats. It can be chicken, rabbit, turkey.
4. You can eat low-fat fish in boiled and baked form.
5. Eggs. 1-2 pieces per day in the form of omelettes.
6. Milk and dairy products should be consumed in limited quantities.
7. You can eat all vegetables in natural and boiled form.
8. You can also eat any fruit. Especially good for kidney disease is watermelon and melon.
9. Pasta should be limited to the maximum. Cereal porridge is allowed.
10. Drinks: compotes, decoctions, tea with milk.

Foods to Avoid

Diet for kidney disease also provide for the rejection of certain foods. What, then, should be forgotten?

1. Black bread. Taboo - bakery products regular baking.
2. Salty foods.
3. Fish, meat and mushroom broths.
4. It is necessary to refuse fatty varieties of fish and meat. Also from smoked meats, canned food.
5. Vegetables that should not be consumed: legumes, sorrel, mushrooms, garlic, onions. You also need to give up pickles and marinades.
6. Cocoa, chocolate, sweets.
7. Coffee and all alcoholic drinks.
8. You can't drink either. mineral water enriched with sodium.

sample menu

What else can be said if a diet for kidney disease is being considered? sample menu- that's what you can also focus on. How can you organize your meals with this problem?

Breakfast. He must be nutritious. So, you can eat an omelet from two eggs, a slice of rye bread, a salad from fresh vegetables. A glass of freshly squeezed juice.

Lunch. You can drink a glass of fermented baked milk or yogurt. Alternatively, you can eat your favorite fruit.

Dinner. Soup with vegetable broth. Lean meat or fish fillet. Garnish - crushed potatoes or boiled lentils. A fresh vegetable salad. Bread. Rosehip decoction.

afternoon tea. Fruit salad or pumpkin dessert.

Dinner. Boiled vegetables, baked fish, tea with milk.

Before going to bed, you can drink a glass of kefir.

Having considered which diet for kidney disease can be prescribed to a patient, it is worth remembering that this food should be very high in calories. So, the patient should receive at least 3000 kcal per day.

salt substitutes

As it has already become clear from the text above, the diet for kidney disease involves a complete rejection of salt intake. However, this can sometimes be very difficult to do. That is why now I want to talk about the various substitutes for table salt.

1. Organic live seaweed salt. You won't be able to get it on your own. But if you grind the seaweed in a coffee grinder and add salt to the dishes in this way, you can improve the taste.
2. Organic living salt from celery. To do this, celery stalks must be cut into pieces, dried and ground in a coffee grinder before adding to dishes.

From spices and garlic in this diet should be completely abandoned.

Healthy Recipes

So, it is already clear what should be the diet for kidney disease. Recipes for cooking - that's what I also want to talk about.

Recipe 1. Rosehip infusion jelly. First you need to prepare the infusion. To do this, two tablespoons of crushed rose hips should be poured with two glasses of water, boil everything over low heat for about 5 minutes and leave for 8 hours. Next, in half a glass of infusion, dissolve two tablespoons of sugar, then bring it all to a boil and mix with the rest of the liquid. Separately, you need to prepare gelatin by pouring 1 teaspoon of chilled boiled water. Half an hour later, semi-finished gelatin is added to the rosehip broth, heated up a little, brought to a boil. Then everything is placed in a cold place. After a while, the most useful dessert is ready.

Recipe 2. Fresh fruit soup. Not so terrible was the diet for kidney disease. In women, this recipe should cause delight. After all, this dish is very tasty, but at the same time low in calories. To prepare it, you need to wash, peel and cut into small cubes the following fruits: peach, melon, pear, apples (20 g each). The remaining skins and seeds are poured hot water, boil on fire for about 15 minutes, then 25 minutes all this is infused. In this fruit decoction, you need to add a little water, as well as sugar (or fructose). Then it is filtered, and all the chopped fruits are placed in the liquid. The mixture is brought to a boil and boiled for no more than 7 minutes. Soup is poured into bowls. At the same time, previously boiled rice should be put in it. Everything is topped with sour cream.

It is worth saying that there can be a huge number of recipes. The main thing here is to use only permitted products, as well as adhere to the rules of preparation (most importantly, do not use salt). At the same time, the patient's hunger will not be tormented, because the food is very high-calorie and satisfying.

Nephritis is a whole group of kidney diseases that are inflammatory or immuno-inflammatory in nature. This group includes immunoinflammatory diseases: (if the glomeruli of the kidneys are involved in the process) and tubulointerstitial nephritis - when the process affects the interstitial tissue of the kidneys, tubules and vessels located in the tissue, lymphatic ducts and nerve endings. In these diseases, the provoking factor is infection, and the resulting immune complexes settle in the glomeruli or intermediate tissue of the kidneys. This also includes - inflammation of the pelvis of the kidneys, caused by bacterial flora.

The symptoms of the diseases differ, which is explained by damage to various structures of the kidneys. So, glomerulonephritis occurs with nephritic syndrome ( edema , hypertension , hematuria ). There is also an increased excretion of the protein, which reflects the pathology of the glomerular apparatus. There are pains in the lumbar region due to an increase in the size of the kidneys, and a decrease in urine output associated with a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate. Common infections that damage the glomerular apparatus include viral hepatitis . Kidney damage often develops against a background of chronic or active.

At pyelonephritis Patients complain of back pain and frequent urination. In the clinic, intoxication symptoms may prevail - fever, weakness,. A significant amount of bacteria is found in the urine, and ultrasound shows signs of deformation of the pelvicalyceal system.

With tubulointerstitial nephritis, there is a decrease in the specific gravity of urine. Each exacerbation of renal infection increases the affected area, contributing to fibrosis. This disease is characterized by an increase in irreversible changes in the kidneys ( interstitial fibrosis ) and a parallel decrease in their functionality.

All these diseases acquire a chronic course, and the concept of chronic kidney disease has now been introduced and its classification has been recognized throughout the world. CKD includes any damage to the kidneys, regardless of the nosological diagnosis, and a decrease in their function, which are noted for more than three months. It is diagnosed on the basis of albuminuria (), kidney pathology detected by ultrasound and a decrease in glomerular filtration rate<60 мл/мин/1,73 м2.

The purpose of combining nephrological diseases under this term is the need to assess the state of kidney function. This makes it possible to assess the rate of progression of the pathology and to start treatment and renoprotective measures in a timely manner. The disease has 5 stages, which differ in the risk of developing terminal. Of great importance in the treatment and prevention is the nutrition of patients.

What should be the diet for diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract? Despite the difference in diseases, diet therapy has common basic principles and is performed within the limits of treatment.

• Salt restriction - food is not salted during cooking, and depending on the severity of the disease and kidney failure, it is allowed to add a certain amount of it to ready meals. For example, in acute nephritis, salt is completely excluded. The presence of high blood pressure makes it necessary to reduce its amount to 5 g, and in chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis without CKD, it is possible to use 7-8 g per day. The amount of salt allowed is specified by the doctor for each patient individually.
• The amount of protein is reduced to 80 g (its amount is significantly reduced in severe kidney damage to 20 g or 40 g). Milk proteins and egg protein, as more easily digestible compared to meat and fish proteins, are more preferable in these diseases. Vegetable proteins have less nutritional value.
• Meat and fish (they are allowed 150 g or less, depending on the severity of renal failure). When preparing dishes, meat and fish are first boiled, and then you can bake, stew or fry as you wish. This technique reduces the amount of extractives and, accordingly, the load on the kidneys.
• Products with essential oils that have an irritating effect are excluded (celery, fresh dill, basil, parsley, radish, radish, garlic and fresh onions). You can not eat spinach and sorrel, as sources of oxalic acid.
• With any kidney disease, the amount of fluid is limited - from 0.5 to 1.1 liters. An accurate calculation of the allowed amount of fluid is carried out according to diuresis over the past day and can only exceed it by 300 ml.
• Fractional 5 meals a day are organized.
• With kidney disease, any alcoholic beverages, spicy and salty snacks, pickled vegetables, strong tea and coffee, spices and spices, cocoa and chocolate are excluded.

Nutrition for kidney disease ensures their sparing and is aimed at reducing edema and pressure, since food is prepared without salt. In addition, the diet contributes to the elimination of nitrogenous metabolic products, since its second main point is the restriction of protein in the diet. Moreover, with diseased kidneys, its amount varies depending on the severity of renal failure - from 20 g per day to 80 g.

In this regard, the diet for kidney disease has several varieties that are recommended at different stages of the disease (exacerbation, recovery, remission) and taking into account the function of the organ (the presence or absence of kidney failure). This is due to the fact that with kidney disease, their function is impaired to varying degrees. For example, Table No. 7A completely salt-free, it is a predominantly plant-based diet with a protein restriction of up to 20 g.

It is prescribed for severe acute nephritis and chronic with severe kidney failure . The diet is recommended for a short time, because it is not balanced, and when the process subsides and azotemia decreases, patients are transferred to Table 7B . It already increases the amount of protein up to 40 g and it is a transition table to Diet No. 7 , which allows 80 g of protein.

Table 7B , on the contrary, is characterized by a high protein content (125 g), since it is recommended for nephrotic syndrome, when there is a loss of protein in the urine. The increased content of protein in the diet makes up for its losses. The amount of fluid and salt consumed is limited.

Diet 7 G is prescribed for patients with terminal renal failure. This type of diet contains 60 grams of protein, 0.7 liters of free fluid and 2-3 grams of salt.

Approved Products

• Meat choose low-fat species (chicken, beef, turkey, lamb, tongue). Do not forget about boiling meat and fish products before the final preparation of dishes from them. Meat can be eaten in a piece, or boiled and chopped (stuffed cabbage rolls, stuffed pancakes and vegetables).
• Soups are cooked only on water or vegetable broth. There are no restrictions on vegetables and cereals added to soups. You can cook soups with pasta, borscht, cabbage soup and beetroot, but make sure that they are not very sour and spicy. Soups and borscht can be seasoned with sour cream and butter. Add dill and parsley to ready meals. Onions are used in soups after pre-boiling or blanching.
• Fish is recommended lean. It is boiled in a piece, then baked or prepared aspic based on vegetable broth. As an additive to meat and fish dishes, you can use various sauces: sour cream, milk, tomato or other vegetable, onion (for it, the onion is pre-boiled and sautéed). Dried dill, parsley, cumin can be added to sauces.
• As a side dish, any cereals and pasta are used. From cereals, you can make puddings, meatballs, casseroles with cottage cheese, pilaf with fruit. Pasta casseroles with dried apricots, raisins, prunes or jam.
• Milk, curdled milk, yogurt, cream, cottage cheese and dishes from it with the addition of fruits, carrots, pumpkins and other things are allowed. Sour cream is added only to dishes.
• Subject to a decrease in the amount of proteins (due to cottage cheese, meat or fish), you can eat 2 eggs a day - scrambled eggs, soft-boiled, egg porridge.
• All vegetables (except celery, radish, garlic, radish, fresh onion). Vegetables are boiled, stewed, baked, adding cumin, dried parsley and dill. From them you can make salads and cutlets, casseroles with pasta and cereals. You can not eat sauerkraut and cucumbers.
• Ripe fruits and berries in fresh and processed form: compotes, jam, jelly, mashed potatoes, jelly or baked. Desserts are allowed to add cinnamon.
• Any juices, weak coffee, rosehip infusion, tea with lemon and sugar, caramel, marshmallows, marshmallow, honey, popsicles.

Table of allowed products

Wholly or partially restricted products

For kidney problems, it is not allowed:

• Salt food, and in some cases salt is significantly limited or completely eliminated. You can’t even eat ordinary bread due to the salt content - salt-free home-baked bread is recommended. Salt is also not added to all flour and confectionery products (pancakes, cookies, pancakes, cakes, pies). For the same reason, any cheese is excluded from the diet.
• Rich broths (meat/fish/mushroom), pea, bean soups, legume decoctions.
• Exclude fatty meats (pork, duck, fatty lamb, goose), sausages, fried foods, smoked meats, canned food, baked or stewed meat without boiling.
• Animal fats are limited to lard, cream, sour cream, cereals with milk and milk soups.
• Fatty smoked fish, salted fish, fish roe, canned fish.
• All legumes, spinach, onion, sorrel, garlic, radish, radish, mushrooms.
• Hot spices and sauces, mayonnaise, pepper, horseradish, mustard.
• All pickled and pickled vegetables.
• Strong coffee, sodium mineral water, cocoa.

Table of prohibited products

Diet Menu for Kidneys (Diet)

A food menu can be developed without difficulty, especially since it practically does not differ from ordinary food, with the exception of salt, spices and spicy dishes. Nutrition can be made varied, since the diet contains all cereals, meat, cottage cheese and almost all vegetables.

You can add dried herbs to your meals and enhance the taste with a variety of homemade sauces. The main limitation in kidney disease is salt and this must be remembered when preparing food. You can diversify the menu with homemade baked goods without salt - bread, to which you can add carrots, pumpkin, dried dill, parsley and caraway seeds. You can bake sweet muffins with raisins, prunes, apples, dried apricots, and add cinnamon for taste. The amount of salt allowed should be checked with a doctor.

Recipes

First meal

Vegetable soup

Potatoes, zucchini, green peas, carrots, onions, asparagus beans, sweet peppers.

Put potatoes, beans, carrots into boiling water. After 10 minutes, add bell pepper, zucchini and onion, previously aged in boiling water. Cook until ready.

Brussels sprout soup

Potatoes, cabbage, salad peppers, onions, tomatoes.

Cut the vegetables into cubes, also cut the large heads of cabbage, leave the small ones whole. Boil the vegetable broth and dip the vegetables into it, except for the cabbage. Boil for 10-15 minutes, add cumin and Brussels sprouts.

Main dishes

Pasta casserole with cottage cheese

Pasta, cottage cheese, egg, sugar, butter, sour cream.

Boil pasta, grate cottage cheese, combine with pasta, add melted butter, beaten egg and sugar. Knead the mass well, put it in a mold, grease with sour cream on top and bake.

carrot cutlets

Carrots, butter, chicken proteins, semolina, sugar, sour cream or honey.

Grate carrots and sauté in butter. Add semolina, proteins and sugar to the warm carrot mass. Stir and leave for 20 minutes to swell semolina. Form round cutlets, bake in the oven or fry. Serve with honey (sour cream).

Diet for kidney disease is a key point in complex treatment. First of all, an important function of the kidneys is to support homeostasis in the body, to perform the regulatory function of acid-base and water-electrolyte balances.

The regulatory function of the endocrine system of the body and the metabolic function of the kidneys can be absolutely confidently called the most important functions in the human body. As a rule, when kidney diseases occur, there is a decrease in renal excretion, endocrine disorders occur, and metabolic processes are disturbed. All these pathological processes contribute to the development of nutritional imbalance. The diet for kidney disease is not only symptomatic, but also a pathogenetic method of treating kidney disease. With kidney disease, pathological changes instantly occur throughout the body. For example, edema appears, metabolic processes fail, the process of excretion of fluids and metabolic products is disturbed, and an increase in blood pressure is observed. In severe cases, poisoning with toxins is possible. The timely release of metabolic products from the body, the optimal water-salt balance in the body depends on the correct and stable functioning of the kidneys.

A diet for kidney disease is almost as necessary as drug treatment. It is the correctly prescribed diet for kidney disease that will contribute to a good result and effective treatment. The diet for kidney disease in each case is prescribed individually and has some features that are taken into account by a specialist when prescribing. The attending physician and the nutritionist jointly determine the allowable amount of liquid, salt, protein, taking into account the characteristics of the course of the disease and the general condition of the patient.

As a rule, a set of products in the diet for kidney disease consists of fresh vegetables and fruits that have diuretic properties. For example, from vegetable crops, cucumbers, beets, zucchini, pumpkin, celery root and leafy salads can be distinguished. From fruits, one can note melons, watermelons, apricots, dried fruits, dried apricots, raisins, prunes. The technology of cooking for a dietary table for kidney disease also has some features. Almost all dishes of the dietary table are prepared without salt and best of all in a double boiler. In especially severe cases of kidney disease, dishes are prepared without salt at all. To compensate for the lack of salt and improve the taste of ready-made meals, nutritionists usually recommend using wine vinegar or lemon juice.

In the diet for kidney disease, fractional nutrition is important. This is the division or crushing of the total daily volume of food into five or six proportional doses, while eliminating the overload of the kidneys and the digestive system. The restriction on the use of the daily norm of liquid is one and a half liters, taking into account the liquid in the main dishes, that is, in its pure form, you can drink up to one liter of liquid.

Nutritionists recommend a daily calorie diet for kidney disease within 3000 kcal. At the same time, the composition of the diet should be as carbohydrate-rich as possible, approximately 450-500 grams. Proteins are allowed a maximum of no more than 80-90 grams. The fat content in dietary dishes should not exceed 70 grams. A diet for kidney disease involves a minimum intake of fats and proteins, and carbohydrates in the maximum amount contribute to effective treatment and good results.

First of all, a diet for kidney disease should maximize the correction of metabolic processes in the patient's body. The degree of renal dysfunction and the severity of the pathological process are the main criteria for the appointment of dietary nutrition. Other equally important indicators of the patient's condition are also important. For example, the presence of edema and the patient, increased blood pressure, the level of protein in the patient's urine, the ability of the kidneys to excrete protein metabolism products. With an increased amount of protein in the patient's urine, it is necessary to increase the amount of protein intake. Increased swelling of the patient requires exclusion from the diet of salt. Liquid intake is usually limited.

The diet for kidney disease has some features that must be considered in each individual case. Of course, the appointment of diet food is carried out by a specialist.

Diet for kidney disease

Nutrition in kidney disease is no less important than the treatment process itself and is the main part of it. In the human body, the function of the kidneys, as the main filter, is aimed at cleaning and removing excess fluid, salts, and toxins from the blood. The main task of the kidneys is to ensure the optimal composition of the internal environment of the human body.

Every minute, about one liter of blood is filtered through the kidneys, which is almost five times the weight of the kidneys! Within six hours, the entire blood volume of the human body passes one cycle of filtration through the kidneys. In one day, the kidneys filter about one and a half thousand liters of blood. Obviously, the daily load on the kidneys is quite large and this process is not interrupted throughout a person's life. Few people think about the important function of the kidneys. And cleaning the blood of unnecessary components is not their only function. Adrenal hormones perform the regulatory function of the activity of the central nervous system and the mood and mood of a person depends on the amount of these hormones. It is these hormones that determine the susceptibility to stress and the readiness of the body to deal with them. It is quite obvious that the kidneys are an important organ in the body; the general condition of a person depends on their condition. Modern medical statistics indicate kidney disease in every tenth inhabitant of our planet. These sad statistics are the result of malnutrition, the use of poor-quality drinking water, and the modern lifestyle of a person. How to avoid such statistics and what is necessary for kidney health?

First of all, start proper nutrition for kidney disease, which excludes harmful foods, alcohol, carbonated drinks from the diet. In general, the appointment of dietary nutrition, which will be effective in each case, is possible only after a complete examination of the patient and the diagnosis by a specialist. The general complaint of "pulling or pain in the lower back" is not a basis for prescribing a diet. Careful study of all symptoms and laboratory tests is necessary. It is very important to determine the violation of the nitrogen excretion function of the kidneys. It is this moment that is usually decisive in the appointment of nutrition for kidney disease. In case of violation of the nitrogen-excreting function of the kidneys, the minimum amount of proteins is provided in the diet - the consumption of meat, fish, eggs, and fatty foods is limited. The use of dairy products is also limited, but small amounts of low-fat cottage cheese and kefir are allowed. The main diet for kidney disease is fresh vegetables and fruits, berries, herbs, dried fruits, fruit juices. At the same time, the cooking technology should preserve vitamins and fiber in fruits and vegetables as much as possible. It is best to cook vegetable dishes in a double boiler, minimally frying and heat treating them. It is recommended to eat vegetables with diuretic properties, such as watermelon, melons, pumpkin, zucchini, cucumbers. Starchy vegetables are allowed in very small amounts.

Numerous scientific studies of various therapeutic diets for kidney diseases come down to a single statement - the use of salt in kidney diseases is not allowed, and to improve the taste of dietary dishes, lemon juice or wine vinegar is allowed. Also excluded: alcoholic beverages, coffee, tea, salty foods, chocolate and cocoa, spicy and spicy dishes.

Nutrition for kidney disease with inflammatory processes without violations of the excretory function can be prescribed with the usual content of protein products, but with minimal salt intake. Protein products in such a diet are lean meat and fish, low-fat dairy products. Eating dairy products provides a large amount of calcium and potassium. Carbohydrates in such a diet are presented in the form of vegetables and all kinds of cereals.

The amount of liquid used is approximately two liters. Be sure to include fruit compotes and juices in the diet. Dried fruits in the form of raisins, prunes, dried apricots, figs are quite nutritious and provide the body with potassium. If the patient's condition allows, perhaps the appointment of a watermelon, pumpkin or orange diet by the attending physician.

Another common kidney disease nowadays is kidney stones. As a rule, stone formation in the kidneys begins as a result of metabolic disorders in the body. In the case of exacerbations and attacks of stone formation, severe pain occurs in the kidneys. A balanced diet and drinking regimen will help prevent stone formation. The appointment of dietary nutrition for kidney disease must be entrusted to a specialist. To determine the correct diagnosis, you will need to conduct laboratory tests, ultrasound. Nutrition for kidney disease, namely, with the formation of stones, provides for a limited intake of carbohydrates containing oxalic acid. Products such as legumes, beets, peas, sorrel, rhubarb, parsley, spinach, chocolate and cocoa must be excluded from the patient's diet. Nutritionists recommend eating foods that effectively remove oxalic acid from the body, thereby preventing kidney stones. From fruits, you can use quince, pears, apples, dogwood, grapes. It will be useful to use dairy products - milk, kefir, lean meat and fish, fresh vegetable salads from cabbage, carrots, cucumbers and mushrooms. The main condition for preventing the formation of kidney stones can be called a rational balanced diet. It is necessary to abandon fast food, the use of alcoholic beverages, carbonated drinks. In general, to exclude a large and integral part of the bad habits of modern man. The body will surely thank you with a healthy, full life!

It is not superfluous to recall that nutrition in kidney disease should be discussed with a competent specialist.

Diet 7 for Kidney Disease

Diet 7 for kidney disease consists in a sharp restriction of the use of extractive substances, in order to minimize the irritating effect on the kidneys and increase the excretion of metabolic products, while at the same time providing an anti-inflammatory effect. Diet 7 for kidney disease in its diet is balanced, complete, with a proportional content of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and fats. At the same time, the consumption of proteins is somewhat limited, and the rate of consumption of carbohydrates and fats is approximately within the physiological needs of the patient. The technology for preparing dietary dishes does not provide for the use of salt. The patient receives salt in an amount of not more than 5 grams separately and consumes it without mixing with other dishes. With dietary nutrition, fluid intake is permissible within the range of up to one liter. The use of sweet carbonated drinks is excluded. The use of products that contain essential oils and oxalic acid is excluded. Dishes for diet food are best cooked in a double boiler or simply boiled. The chemical composition of the therapeutic diet 7 for kidney disease for one day is 70 grams of protein, 60% of them are animals, 85 grams of fat, 25% of them are vegetable, 350 grams of carbohydrates, about 85 grams of which are sugars. The energy value of Diet 7 for kidney disease is approximately 2550-2600 calories. The drinking regimen is one liter of liquid.

Diet 7 for kidney disease involves the maximum variety of dishes with a full content of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and vitamins. Be sure to use products with lyotropic properties, for example, fermented milk products, cottage cheese, kefir, milk. But the use of fatty cream and sour cream is best to limit. To improve the taste of prepared dishes, it is recommended to use dried dill, cumin, cinnamon, paprika, lemon juice or citric acid. The total amount of salt consumed is 5 grams per day, while salt is not used for cooking main dishes, but is consumed separately.

Diet 7 for kidney disease provides for fractional nutrition, namely, dividing the daily diet into equal 5-6 parts, with the same time interval between meals.

What foods should be excluded from the diet for kidney disease? First of all, the use of any carbonated drinks, whether it be mineral water or sweet drinks, is excluded. In general, this recommendation applies not only to therapeutic diets, but also to the usual daily diet. The use of legumes, for example, beans, peas, is also limited. Dishes based on any broths that contain extractives are excluded from the diet for kidney disease, and it does not matter what the broth is based on. Dishes with a high salt content are subject to the complete exclusion - various pickles, all kinds of canned food, smoked meat and fish products. Also, sweet flour dishes, cakes, pastries, all kinds of desserts and oil-based creams should be generally excluded when prescribing a therapeutic diet for kidney disease.

Diet 7 for kidney disease, with its therapeutic effect on the body, regulates the amount of protein and phosphorus and sodium intake. At the same time, the calorie content of the dishes consumed, and the frequency of meals, are of no small importance. Protein is a necessary component to maintain the viability of the body. However, as a result of metabolic processes in the body, waste products are formed in the form of toxins, for example, urea, creatinine. According to the chemical composition, such substances are nitrogenous and are excreted through the kidneys along with urine. The excretory and filtration functions of the kidneys during inflammatory processes are significantly inhibited, toxins are not removed from the body, which provokes a toxic effect. For this reason, Diet 7 for kidney disease limits the amount of protein consumed to the maximum level of the patient's physiological needs.

What can be consumed by the patient when diet 7 is prescribed for kidney disease? From bakery products, protein-free, bran, wheat bread is recommended for use, provided baking without salt. Of the first courses, you can only use those that are cooked without broths, based on vegetables, pasta or cereals, seasoned with butter and herbs. The consumption of meat and poultry at the beginning of treatment should be limited. A little later, you can eat boiled lean meat, a whole piece or chopped. Fish can be consumed lean, boiled or baked. The recommended number of eggs is limited to 2 pieces in the form of egg white omelettes or soft-boiled eggs. The use of milk and dairy products is possible in limited quantities. From vegetables, you can eat tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes, beets, cauliflower, parsley, dill, carrots. Moreover, vegetables and herbs can be consumed both boiled and fresh. When dieting, the use of fruits and dishes from them is recommended, for example, watermelons, melons, jams, jams, fruit purees and mousses. The patient's drinking regimen can be diversified with weak tea with milk, unsaturated broth of blackcurrant or wild rose, vegetable or fruit juices diluted with pure water in a ratio of 1: 1.

Diet 7 for kidney disease with mandatory and strict implementation during the treatment course will contribute to the maximum effect of the treatment.

Protein-free diet for kidney disease

A protein-free diet for kidney disease will significantly improve the effectiveness of the treatment course in acute and chronic diseases. The low-calorie diet of this diet also contributes to a decrease in overall body weight. But the use of a protein-free diet as a weight loss technique cannot be called correct. Weight loss occurs to a greater extent due to a decrease in the level of fluid in the body. Long-term protein-restricted diets or combining a protein-free diet with active physical activity may cause serious loss of muscle tissue, which will be used to compensate for the protein deficiency.

A protein-free diet for kidney disease in terms of nutritional value does not exceed the daily allowance of 2200 calories. The energy value of the nutritional diet for each category of patients is individual. So, for bedridden patients, it is possible to reduce the energy value to 1800 calories. A protein-free diet involves reducing protein proteins to a minimum level, namely, up to 20 grams per day. At the same time, the main sources of protein proteins are products of plant origin. Meat, poultry and fish should be consumed in very limited quantities, but it is better to exclude them altogether. Dairy products and eggs are also subject to complete exclusion from the patient's diet. The carbohydrate part of the protein-free diet menu is approximately 350 grams per day. Fats are recommended in an amount of no more than 80 grams daily.

In order to prevent kidney overload, the drinking regimen of a protein-free diet is limited to 450-500 grams of fluid daily.

The technology for preparing dishes of a protein-free diet consists in boiling, steaming, stewing, but not frying or baking in the oven. Meals should be as easily digestible as possible, without the use of salt.

The main nutritional diet of a protein-free diet for kidney disease can be represented by a small list of allowed foods and a fairly large list of restricted foods. Let's start with the list of allowed products. From bakery products you can salt-free bread. The use of dairy products is possible in minimal quantities and very limited. Vegetables can be consumed almost any and fresh and as ready meals. It is best to steam or boil vegetables; long-term stewing and frying of vegetable dishes is not allowed. From vegetables, you can cook various soups, mashed potatoes, vegetable side dishes and many other dishes. You can also use almost any fresh fruit and all kinds of dishes from them, for example, preserves, jams, puddings, fruit jellies and purees. From fats, vegetable oil can be used, and ideally, olive oil is better, of course. Now consider the list of restrictions. So, bakery products containing eggs and salt, melons and legumes, seafood and fish of all kinds, meat and poultry are completely excluded from the diet of a protein-free diet. It is not recommended to use cottage cheese and cheeses, all kinds of cottage cheese and cheese desserts, any confectionery, cakes, pastries, chocolate and chocolate dishes, milk soups, first courses based on any broths. You can not eat salty foods and dishes, smoked meat and fish products, canned foods, seeds and nuts. The use of various margarines, refractory fats and oils, cooking mixtures for the preparation of dietary dishes is excluded.

As a rule, a protein-free diet lasts no more than ten days, during which it is necessary to observe bed rest and physical activity is not allowed. The total daily volume of food should be consumed in equal parts five to six times a day. The diet and drinks of a protein-free diet are regulated by a specialist nutritionist on an individual basis, based on the results of the tests and the general condition of the patient. It would not be out of place to recall that the use of a protein-free diet to reduce excess body weight can cause protein starvation and other undesirable complications, so its appointment is carried out by a specialist if necessary. A protein-free diet significantly limits the nutritious diet, thereby helping to improve protein protein metabolism, but this process does not need to be delayed. A protein-free diet for kidney disease is used as an effective element of the treatment course for chronic glomerulonephritis with kidney failure, acute and severe forms.

Diet for chronic kidney disease

As a rule, chronic kidney disease occurs as a result of a long course of pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, glomerulonephritis and arterial hypertension. The excretory function of the kidneys gradually decreases, toxins and slags accumulate in the body, which provoke the development of general weakness and a painful condition, headaches. The effectiveness of the course of treatment is greatly increased when the patient adheres to a diet for chronic kidney disease.

The CKD diet is primarily about limiting your protein intake and has several underlying principles that we'll look at. So, salt and spices, chocolate and cocoa and various dishes and desserts from them are generally excluded from the diet. The consumption of foods containing phosphorus and potassium is strictly limited. The amount of daily fluid intake is limited to 1.5 liters. The principle of fractional nutrition will be relevant - up to five times a day. The calorie content of the daily diet should be at least 3500 calories.

The process of metabolism of protein proteins contributes to the formation of urea and creatine, which, due to kidney disease, are not promptly excreted from the body. Limiting protein intake helps prevent possible intoxication of the body and reduces the load on the kidneys. The diet for chronic kidney disease limits the daily protein intake to 50 grams. The main source of protein, in this case, will be lean meat and poultry, low-fat cottage cheese and eggs. Vegetable proteins, for example, soy, peas, beans are completely excluded. For a general idea of ​​the amount of protein in foods, one egg contains approximately 5 grams of protein. The same amount of protein is found in 200 grams of potatoes, 25 grams of raw meat, 35 grams of cottage cheese or 20 grams of cheese.

In chronic kidney disease, the salt balance is disturbed and, as a result, salts accumulate in the body, causing swelling. Therefore, the diet for chronic kidney disease eliminates the use of salt. Preparing dietary meals without salt is the main principle of dietary nutrition in chronic kidney disease. Salt can be consumed in an amount of no more than 2 grams per day separately from the main dishes. At the same time, various vegetable pickles, marinades, meat and fish smoked meats, canned foods, as well as industrial bakery products containing eggs and salt are excluded from the diet. Excessive phosphorus content provokes an accelerated excretion of calcium from the body, it is for this reason that fish and fish products, seafood, cheeses, liver, legumes and nuts are excluded from the patient's diet. Maintaining an optimal balance of trace elements will ensure the restriction of the use of foods containing potassium, such as dates, tomatoes, mushrooms, dried apricots.

The diet for chronic kidney disease is high in calories and this is a very important point. This is due to the limited amount of protein proteins in it, and with a lack of calories, the body will begin to use muscle tissue to ensure its own vital activity. Accordingly, the effectiveness of the diet in this case will be zero. The calorie content of meals can be increased by carbohydrates, for example, in pasta, cereals, vegetable dishes, fruits and berries. From the diet it is necessary to exclude fish and meat broths and dishes based on them. It is recommended to use vegetable soups, mashed potatoes, steamed or boiled vegetable side dishes. From fats, vegetable and butter oils are recommended for use. From sweets and desserts, you can marmalade, marshmallows and marshmallows, jams and jams. It is very important to follow the principle of fractional nutrition, this will avoid excessive stress on the digestive system of the body and the kidneys. The amount of fluid consumed in the initial stages of chronic kidney disease should be more than the desired amount and is approximately 1.8 liters. In the future, the amount of liquid must be reduced to 0.8 liters. In chronic kidney disease, watermelons and melons should be used very carefully, due to the high content of potassium in them. In order to minimize irritation of unhealthy kidneys, diet food is recommended to be seasoned with cinnamon, dried dill, lemon juice. At the same time, dishes are not subjected to prolonged heat treatment, as a rule, steaming, boiling or stewing is used. Otherwise, the technology for preparing meals for dietary nutrition in chronic kidney disease has the same principles and concept as in kidney disease in general.

Diet recipes for kidney disease

Any organ of the human body has periods of vigorous activity and periods of work with minimal intensity in its work. The kidneys are no exception. That is why, diet recipes for kidney disease must be calculated for consumption in the morning, up to about 13 hours. During this period of time, the most intensive work of the kidneys is noted.

Diet recipes for kidney disease during this period of time, as a rule, consist of the main dishes of the diet table, for example, the first breakfast may consist of oatmeal, low-fat cottage cheese, jam and sweet tea. The second breakfast may consist of an omelet, a small piece of lean meat or poultry, a small portion of buckwheat porridge, fruit juice. For lunch, vegetable puree soup or vegetarian borscht, boiled potatoes, boiled low-fat fish, fruit compote are recommended. In the afternoon, a snack in the form of dried fruits is possible - dried apricots, prunes, raisins and a glass of rosehip broth with honey. For dinner, you can eat one rice cake with raisins and jelly. An hour and a half before bedtime, you can drink one glass of fruit juice with vanilla crackers.

In the second half of the day, the activity of the kidneys gradually decreases, and therefore, with therapeutic nutrition, food should correspond as much as possible to the physiological state of the kidneys at a given time of day. It is best to consume vegetable and fruit juices, fruits fresh or in the form of dishes and desserts. In general, diet recipes for kidney disease basically contain the vast majority of vegetable and fruit dishes. We should not forget about exceptions, for example, radish, garlic, spinach, cauliflower, celery are excluded from the patient's diet. The first courses of the diet for kidney disease are presented in a fairly large variety of vegetable puree soups, cereal and pasta soups, which are prepared exclusively without meat or any other broths. Second courses can be prepared from lean meat, poultry, fish, for example, in the form of steam cutlets or meatballs, boiled meat. The main food in the diet for kidney disease can be called porridge, in any form. It can be rice, millet, oatmeal, wheat, with the addition of meat or fruits. Desserts and fruit purees are made from seasonal fruits. It can be fruit smoothies and jelly, kissels and puddings.

Diet menu for kidney disease

The diet menu for kidney diseases is compiled by a dietitian, according to the recommendations of the attending physician and depending on the general condition of the patient. As a rule, the diet menu for kidney diseases consists of light meals that contribute to the minimum burden on diseased kidneys and the digestive system. These are mainly vegetable dishes and dishes from various cereals.

The diet menu for kidney diseases for a week approximately consists of the following dishes:

• For breakfast - rice milk porridge, cheese with raisins, tea with honey;
• For the second breakfast - cottage cheese pudding, rosehip broth;
• For lunch - vegetable puree soup, boiled meat, compote;
• For dinner - steamed fish cakes, cottage cheese casserole with pasta, a glass of low-fat milk;
• Before going to bed - a glass of kefir;

• For breakfast - buckwheat porridge with milk, carrot cutlets, tea with honey;
• For the second breakfast - boiled fish and mashed potatoes;
• For lunch - vegetarian borscht, boiled poultry meat, apple compote;
• For dinner - meat casserole, cottage cheese with sugar, tea with milk;

• For breakfast - vinaigrette, boiled fish, cottage cheese with sour cream, a glass of tomato juice;
• For lunch - milk soup with vermicelli, rice with boiled veal, cherry compote;
• For dinner - potato casserole, oatmeal with fruit;
• Before going to bed - a glass of curdled milk;

• For breakfast - rice milk porridge, cheese with raisins, tea;
• For the second breakfast - cottage cheese casserole;
• For lunch - vegetable soup, boiled meat with buckwheat porridge, apple compote;
• For dinner - steam fish cutlets, pasta casserole, a glass of milk;
• Before going to bed - a glass of kefir;

• For breakfast - vegetable pilaf, cottage cheese with sour cream, fruit juice;
• For the second breakfast - cottage cheese, kefir with sugar;
• For lunch - vegetable soup with chicken, boiled veal, apple compote;
• For dinner - cottage cheese casserole with rice, rosehip broth;
• Before going to bed - prunes, dried apricots, raisins;

• For breakfast - buckwheat milk porridge, boiled beets, rosehip broth;
• For the second breakfast - mashed potatoes with boiled fish;
• For lunch - vegetarian borscht, boiled meat, fruit juice;
• For dinner - meat casserole, tea with honey;
• Before going to bed - a glass of kefir;

• For breakfast - milk porridge from semolina, tea;
• For the second breakfast - vinaigrette, oatmeal porridge with fruit, milk;
• For lunch - mashed potato soup, boiled meat, fruit jelly;
• For dinner - cottage cheese casserole, apple pancakes, compote;
• Before going to bed - a glass of kefir.

This diet menu for kidney diseases is advisory in nature and can be changed or supplemented by a dietitian.

What foods can you eat with kidney disease?

The key point in dietary nutrition in kidney disease can be called the limited intake of proteins and salt in the patient's diet. Consequently, the calorie content of the therapeutic diet is achieved through carbohydrates contained in vegetables, cereals and pasta. Protein is an essential nutrient for the human body and cannot be completely excluded from the diet. With dietary nutrition, the use of lean meat, poultry and fish is allowed within 100 grams daily. Eating lean meat is simply necessary, best boiled in small pieces. The carbohydrate part of the diet consists of various vegetable dishes, for example, mashed soups, vegetable side dishes, which are steamed or boiled. Vegetables can be consumed almost any, both fresh and cooked in the form of dishes, with the exception of spinach, celery and radishes. From bakery products, you can use salt-free bread with bran, gray from wholemeal flour. You can limit the use of low-fat lactic acid products, cottage cheese. Fruits and berries are recommended for use, as well as various dishes from them. For example, all kinds of fruit purees, smoothies, juices, jams, jams.

If there are no obvious contraindications and on the recommendation of the attending physician, it is very effective to carry out fasting days for kidney diseases, during which various vegetables, juices, and fruits are consumed. On a fruit fasting day, 300 grams of seasonal fruits, such as apples, pears, apricots, watermelons, melons, are consumed five to six times during the day. You can add a little honey or low-fat yogurt. At the same time, do not forget about the danger of fasting with kidney disease. Remember that the daily caloric intake of the diet should be at least 3500 kcal. With kidney disease, the number of spicy dishes and spices is significantly reduced, in order to minimize irritation of the kidneys. In small quantities, you can use cinnamon, bay leaf, onion.

An exemplary menu of therapeutic nutrition for kidney diseases includes first courses in the form of vegetarian soups and borscht, mashed soups, second courses in the form of steam cutlets, meat or fish, lean meat or poultry. Side dishes can be both in the form of pasta, and in the form of cereals. Desserts can be from fruits and berries, for example, jelly, kissels, smoothies, fruit mixes. Separately, you can eat dried fruits - raisins, dried apricots, prunes, figs. It is also very useful to eat fresh fruits and berries. As drinks, teas, fruit and vegetable fruit drinks or juices, decoctions of blackcurrant or rose hips are recommended. Before drinking, drinks must be diluted with boiled water in a ratio of 1: 1, this will reduce the burden on the kidneys.

Depending on the characteristics of the course of the disease, the attending physician and dietitian determine which foods can be eaten with kidney disease, individually in each case.

What foods can not be eaten with kidney disease?

This list is quite large. That is why proper nutrition significantly speeds up and increases the effectiveness of the healing process. We will start this long list with protein products. So, all types of fatty meat, poultry and fish, including pork, beef and mutton fats, are completely excluded from the patient's diet. Broths prepared on the basis of meat, poultry, fish, mushrooms, and legumes are also completely excluded. All foods are excluded, and dishes with a high salt content, for example, vegetable pickles, canned foods, all kinds of smoked meat and fish, sausages, spicy dishes, adjika, mustard, hot peppers, garlic, onions. This list can be continued indefinitely, but the main principle of exclusion is all products that can irritate diseased kidneys or increase the load on them. It is unacceptable to use various desserts and creams based on butter, pastries and cakes, chocolate and cocoa, products and dishes based on them. The use of carbonated drinks, strong coffee and cocoa is also excluded. All foods are excluded, and dishes with a high salt content and having the ability to irritate diseased kidneys and stimulate their work. During the treatment course, it is necessary to ensure the most sparing diet, in order to minimize the impact on diseased kidneys.

The cause of chronic kidney diseases are autoimmune diseases, systemic infections, urinary tract infections, diabetes mellitus, obesity, drug intoxication, toxic damage (alcohol, surrogates, lead, etc.)

The main signs of kidney disease are a decrease in appetite, up to a complete aversion to food, an unpleasant aftertaste in the mouth, dryness and bitterness in the mouth, thirst, nausea, nausea, and diarrhea from time to time. Also, patients may experience dryness and peeling of the skin, increased bleeding, pallor and yellowness of the skin, as well as hypertension of renal origin.

In the treatment of chronic kidney disease, the leading place belongs to a healing diet.

A diet for kidney disease is the key to a successful fight against the disease. The diet for each patient should be selected individually, depending on the nature and stage of the disease, its accompanying complications and other factors. However, there are a number of general rules, they will help solve the issues of compiling a daily diet. And we must immediately take into account the following point: a diet for the kidneys is not the main method of treatment, it is considered by modern medicine as an additional tool that creates conditions for the treatment of kidney diseases. But at the same time, non-compliance with the rules of nutrition can reduce all efforts to combat the disease to nothing and cause a number of serious complications.

For kidney diseases, a dietary table No. 7 is prescribed. This strict renal diet is usually indicated in patients with renal insufficiency, nephrotic syndrome, or glomerulonephritis. In other urological diseases, radical changes in the diet are not required, but there are a number of dietary restrictions.

Principle of diet for kidney disease

In the early stages of kidney disease, the diet is aimed at controlling the amount of protein and phosphorus consumed. In addition, sodium intake (which comes with table salt) is controlled. Also, special attention is paid to the calorie content of food and maintaining an adequate weight.

Squirrels

Proteins are the most important food component. They are necessary for the construction of all body structures. But at the same time, after the exchange of proteins, slags remain in the body. These are urea, creatinine and some others. They are nitrogenous substances and are excreted in the urine by the kidneys. This is normal. With inflammation of the kidneys (especially with glomerulonephritis), when both the filtration and excretory functions of the kidneys suffer, these toxins remain in the body, exerting a toxic effect. Therefore, in kidney disease, protein intake is limited. At the same time, you should not completely reduce the amount of protein consumed, as it is very important for a healthy body and defenses.

Phosphorus

As already noted, in diseases of the kidneys, there is a violation of the excretion of excess salts from the body. This leads to the accumulation, in particular, of phosphorus. With a high content of phosphorus in the body, calcium is washed out of the bone tissue. This in turn leads to osteoporosis. Phosphorus is found in all foods, but most of all in dairy products and legumes, peanuts, cocoa, beer and cola.

Sodium

Sodium causes water retention in the body, which is related to edema and high blood pressure. Therefore, sodium intake in kidney disease should be reduced. Basically, sodium comes from table salt, as well as pickles.

Calorie content

An important point is the calorie content of the diet. It should be high enough and be at least 3500 kcal / day. At the same time, most of the menu is made up of fats and carbohydrates. The lower calorie content of food leads to the fact that the body begins to consume not only fats, but also its own proteins. This is accompanied by increased formation of toxic metabolites, as a result, the burden on the kidneys increases. Nutrition for kidney disease should be regular and fractional. It is best to eat in small portions 4-6 times a day.

Prohibited foods and dishes

A kidney prolapse diet also requires adherence to these rather strict rules. Now it may seem to you that everything is forbidden in general, however, this is not so. The list of allowed and recommended products is no less large.

Sample diet menu for kidney disease

The diet menu for kidney diseases is compiled by a dietitian, according to the recommendations of the attending physician and depending on the general condition of the patient. As a rule, the diet menu for kidney diseases consists of light meals that contribute to the minimum burden on diseased kidneys and the digestive system. These are mainly vegetable dishes and dishes from various cereals.

The diet menu for kidney diseases for a week approximately consists of the following dishes:

• For breakfast - rice milk porridge, cheese with raisins, tea with honey;
• For the second breakfast - cottage cheese pudding, rosehip broth;
• For lunch - vegetable puree soup, boiled meat, compote;
• For dinner - steamed fish cakes, cottage cheese casserole with pasta, a glass of low-fat milk;
• Before going to bed - a glass of kefir;

II day

• For breakfast - buckwheat porridge with milk, carrot cutlets, tea with honey;
• For the second breakfast - boiled fish and mashed potatoes;
• For lunch - vegetarian borscht, boiled poultry meat, apple compote;
• For dinner - meat casserole, cottage cheese with sugar, tea with milk;
• Before going to bed - a glass of curdled milk;

• For breakfast - vegetable pilaf, cottage cheese with sour cream, fruit juice;
• For the second breakfast - cottage cheese, kefir with sugar;
• For lunch - vegetable soup with chicken, boiled veal, apple compote;
• For dinner - cottage cheese casserole with rice, rosehip broth;
• Before going to bed - prunes, dried apricots, raisins;

• For breakfast - milk porridge from semolina, tea;
• For the second breakfast - vinaigrette, oatmeal porridge with fruit, milk;
• For lunch - mashed potato soup, boiled meat, fruit jelly;
• For dinner - cottage cheese casserole, apple pancakes, compote;
• Before going to bed - a glass of kefir.

Fasting days

Fasting day is the use of one type of product for 24 hours. In case of kidney diseases of various kinds, carbohydrate fasting days are recommended (oatmeal, fruit (especially apple, watermelon), berry, juice, vegetable (especially cucumber)), which increase the level of urine excreted, improve the processes of excretion of protein metabolism products from the body. As a result, blood pressure decreases, the manifestations of chronic renal failure weaken.

During vegetable, fruit or berry fasting days, you should eat 1.5 kg of vegetables (any one), fruits or berries during the day, their intake should be divided into five parts. Vegetables can be stewed, boiled or eaten fresh, in the form of salads (dressing - vegetable oil (a little), or sour cream with low fat content).

Inflammation of the kidneys affects all segments of the population. The risk group consists of children under the age of seven, women in the childbearing period and men of advanced years. The most common cause of pathology is hypothermia and the consequences of colds. To get rid of pain, it is not enough to undergo a medical course of treatment. The diet for diseased kidneys is designed to promote the healing process.

Inflammation of the kidneys provokes a failure in the human body of water-electrolyte and acid-base balance. As a result, swelling of tissues is formed, signs of hypertension appear, toxic poisoning is observed with the remains of metabolic products that the body cannot remove in a timely manner. Most often, the inflammatory process is diagnosed if the diagnosis is made: nephritis, pyelonephritis.

Nutrition for inflammation of the kidneys developed by the attending urologist, taking into account:

• anti-inflammatory effect, which can significantly accelerate the full recovery;
• cleansing the urinary tract improves the outflow of fluid from body tissues;
• health foods should not put a heavy burden on the kidneys;
• you should eat food that helps normalize blood pressure, improve the body's water balance;
• adherence to a therapeutic diet can prevent the development of a chronic process;
• filling the daily menu with vitamins helps to increase immune protection.

With diseased kidneys, it is necessary to minimize the intake of proteins and fats of animal origin, and increase the amount of carbohydrates. The amount of salt consumed in the diet should be limited to no more than 5 grams per day.

It is not necessary to completely refuse salt in the diet, as the onset of kidney failure is possible. It is advisable to flavor food with spices and herbs to give it a more appetizing look.

In kidney disease, the diet aims to balance the intake of protein, sodium and phosphorus salts. Recommended amount of protein 25 g per day otherwise aggravation is possible.

For pain in the kidneys, food should be cooked boiled or baked, but at the same time the body should not suffer from a lack of nutrients.
It is recommended to reduce single doses of products by increasing the frequency of meals up to 5-6 times daily. Dinner must be no later than two hours before a night's rest. This diet helps to defeat pyelonephritis.

During the day, be sure to drink at least 1 liter of pure non-carbonated water, it is recommended to eat foods that have a diuretic effect: fresh cucumbers, pumpkin, watermelon, melon, zucchini. If there are no edema and liver diseases, the amount of water should be increased to 2.5 liters.

The calorie content of the diet throughout the day in adults should not be less than 3500 kcal. In case of refusal, the body will begin to use its protein supply, increasing the load on the kidneys. 1-2 times a week is recommended arrange fasting days eating any one vegetable or fruit product. If pyelonephritis is accompanied by low hemoglobin, it is recommended to enrich the diet with apples, strawberries, pomegranates and other iron-containing foods.

List of prohibited products

When treating, it is strictly forbidden to eat fried, pickled dishes. Avoid eating spicy, fatty, salty foods. It is forbidden to use strong rich broths from meat, fish, mushrooms for food. It is recommended to drain the first portion when cooking a dish. Filling the product with fresh water, bring the process to readiness.

If the patient has acute stage pyelonephritis, then the basis will be a protein-free diet for kidney disease, but the following should be avoided:

• canned meat and fish, semi-finished products, seafood;
• sharp hard cheeses;
• seasonings (mayonnaise, mustard, horseradish, ketchup, etc.);
• coffee, cocoa, strong tea leaves;
• fatty lactic acid products;
• black bread;
• onions in any form, garlic, radish;
• alcohol of any strength;
• chocolate, fatty confectionery;
• legume products;
• margarine, lard, fat.

When pyelonephritis passes into an inactive phase, the diet can be slightly expanded, it is allowed to practice a protein diet.

What products are allowed and useful

Despite the limitations, the composition of the diet for people with diseased kidneys must be varied, the nutritional value of which is sufficient for normal human life support.

It is allowed to use the following products during treatment:

• low-fat boiled meats up to 200 g per day 3-4 weeks after switching to a diet;
• limited quantity durum wheat pasta;
• unsalted bread, preferably with bran - for weight loss;
• cereal porridge cooked in water or with the addition of low-fat milk;
• chicken eggs, limiting the use of 2 pieces daily;
• vegetable soups with the addition of cereals or pasta, seasoned with butter;

When exacerbated, you can not eat:

• boiled, baked, fresh vegetables, plant foods (carrots, potatoes, cabbage, cucumbers, zucchini, pumpkin, lettuce, beets);
• you can use non-acidic greens;
• fruits in fresh or boiled, baked form. Compotes, kissels, freshly squeezed juices.
• citrus fruits are prohibited as sources of allergies;
• weakly brewed tea or coffee;
• milk and lactic acid products of low-fat composition are allowed to be consumed in limited quantity.
• diuretic watermelon should also be limited in nutrition, including with one kidney, so as not to provoke a deterioration in the condition.

Menu for the week

With a diet, the human body still needs good nutrition, even if inflammation of the kidneys or bladder is diagnosed.

The menu is usually compiled for a week, including all the nutrients necessary for the body in the composition of the dishes; for kidney problems, the allowed foods are as follows:

1. Egg white omelet, slice of bran bread with butter.
2. Buckwheat porridge boiled in water, hard-boiled egg.
3. Milk soup with durum vermicelli, boiled egg.
4. Millet porridge, bread with jam and butter.
5. Milk porridge made from Artek wheat groats, sweet pancakes cooked without salt.
6. Thin pancakes stuffed with jam, hard boiled egg.
7. Cornmeal porridge with pumpkin, bread spread with a thin layer of butter.

Drinks are served: not strong tea, milk, yogurt.

An approximate menu for a second breakfast with a diet for the kidneys should be varied with dishes (in addition to the menu of tables 7, 7a and 7b):

1. Low-fat cottage cheese pudding.
2. Mashed potatoes with boiled fish.
3. Fresh fat-free cottage cheese, you can add sugar.
4. Vinaigrette or other salad of boiled vegetables with vegetable oil.
5. Milk porridge with fresh or dried fruits and similar recipes.
6. Sweet cottage cheese casserole.
7. Steam fish with garnish.

Drinks for lunch can be varied with milk sweetened with kefir, decoctions of medicinal plants with sugar or honey.

Lunch meals are a must should include various vegetable soups, 200 g of boiled meat of lean beef, veal, chicken. Drinks: compote or jelly from apples, cherries, sweet fruit juices.

The low-protein diet menu is expanding with cottage cheese, meat, pasta potato casseroles, steamed fish cakes, cottage cheese with sugar, oatmeal with fruit fillings. The list of drinks varies with a portion of low-fat milk, tea with milk, compote, rosehip broth. 2 hours before bedtime, it is recommended to take 200 ml of low-fat sour-milk drink with added sugar or honey.

If the disease has become chronic, then it is necessary to adhere to a diet for life. Only the attending physician can correct the composition of the diet!