Presentation of reserves of the Far East and Eastern Siberia. Ussuri State Nature Reserve. Kingdom of reserved plants

"Economy of the Far East" - Horse-drawn transport. The main occupation is agriculture. Ship repair shops (Dalzavod). In 1888, the Suchanskoye deposit was discovered. Sea transport. 22% of the population are engaged in crafts: fishing and hunting. Amur Shipping Company and Amur-Ussuri Cossack Flotilla. Transport. Tithes of land suitable for economic development.

"Lesson Far East" - Fill in the table. The area is far from Central Russia. Far East: features of the EGP and natural resources. The objectives of the lesson: to form knowledge about the features of the EGP area, natural resources. Type of lesson: lesson learning new material. Name the features of the EGP of the Far East. Name the ore minerals of the region. Name the sedimentary minerals. Name the peoples living in the Far East.

"Alakol Reserve" - ​​Durban Congress. Phenological and hydrological observations are carried out. Animal world. initially amounted to 12520 ha, then it was increased to 20743 ha. Kazakhstan, carrying out reforms, is confidently among the developed countries peace. Types of protected natural areas. Alakol GPP: delta of the river. Tentek (17423 ha) and the islands of Lake.

"Prioksko - Terrasny Reserve" - ​​Here are some of the Russian reserves: Altai, Vitim, Darwin, Kivach, Rdei. The forests of the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve are mixed, i.e. made up of conifers and hardwoods. The most remarkable animal of the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve is the bison. Geographical features of the territory of the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve.

"Natural complexes of the Far East" - Relief. Tundra zone - occupies the northern mainland of the Far East. forest zone- occupies most of the natural complex. Far East. The Far East has a fairly dense river network. The rivers are fed mainly by rain. Soils. natural areas; Flora and fauna. In the south, the annual amount of precipitation is 500–1000 mm, and in the north 1000–1600 mm.

"Far East of Russia" - Reserves. The population is more than 235.6 thousand people. (2005). Sovetskaya Gavan - city Khabarovsk Territory, port special economic zone. Population 580.7 thousand people (2010). Blagoveshchensk - the center of the Amur region, large shopping mall on the border with China. Up to 100 species (often the rarest) birds nest here.

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USSURIYSK STATE NATURE RESERVE Nalchik Hovhannisyan Maryam, Kenetov Nadir Kerefov Damir, Etueva Ilona, ​​Etueva Elina Head: Kandrokova Faina Soslanovna teacher of geography

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USSURIYSKY STATE NATURE RESERVE is a specially protected natural area in Russia. The reserve bears the name of Academician Vladimir Leontievich Komarov - the largest domestic botanist, researcher of flora East Asia. It is designed for animals that are part of wildlife. The actual date of foundation of the reserve is considered to be 1934, since then its area has significantly increased, which now amounts to 40.4 thousand hectares.

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The Ussuri Nature Reserve is located on the southern spurs of the Sikhote-Alin, in the Primorsky Territory. It stretches for 40 km in breadth and 19.5 km in length. The relief of the protected area is flat, only in the east the low-mountain system of the southern spurs of the Sikhote-Alin rises gently, protecting reserved places from climatic hazards.

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The territory of the reserve is part of the Amur-Ussuriysk climatic region temperate zone with well-defined features of the monsoonal climate of East Asia. Summers are warm and humid, winters are mild and moderately severe.

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The main wealth of the Ussuriysky Reserve is a fairly large array of virgin coniferous deciduous forests, which almost did not survive either in the Far East or in neighboring countries.

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The reserve is playing important role in protection rare species animals and plants. The flora of the Ussuriysky Reserve is very diverse, despite the fact that about 98% of the territory is occupied by mixed, coniferous and broad-leaved forests. But the most common here are coniferous broadleaf forests(of the total area 42%). The workers of the reserve conducted a study and counted the number of plant species among them: mushrooms - more than 1000, about 820 species of vascular, 250 mosses, about 200 species of algae, hundreds of lichens. One of the main values ​​of the reserve are plants listed in the Red Book. These include spiky yew, real ginseng, Chinese princepia, hard juniper, seven-lobed calopanax and densely flowered pine.

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Since the area is completely under forest cover, this has created excellent conditions for many living creatures. Animals typical of the forest areas. So the Ussuriysky Reserve protects in its halls 62 species of mammals, more than 160 species of birds, 7 reptiles, 6 amphibians, 12 fish and cyclostomes. There are many invertebrates here, among which 32 species are in the Red Book. In the reserve you can meet the largest beetle in the country - the relic barbel. Also fly here large butterflies- tail-bearer Maak, brameya Tancre, Saturnius Artemis. The reserve is home to many badgers, wild boars, squirrels, red-backed voles, Siberian weasels, deer. Birds include woodpeckers (gray-haired and white-backed), oatmeal (gray-headed and yellow-headed), hazel grouses, black-headed chickadees and white-bellied tits. But it is worth noting that river birds predominate here.

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The purpose of creating the reserve is to preserve rare species from extinction, so many individuals listed in the Red Book live here. Among birds, these include hawk buzzard, mandarin duck, needle-footed scoop, crested honey buzzard, black stork and others. In addition to birds, there are such animals as the Far Eastern forest cat, the giant shrew, the Himalayan bear, the East Siberian leopard, dappled deer and many others, which are protected by the Ussuri Nature Reserve.

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Ussurian tiger- is one of the most important and unique inhabitants of the reserve. The Ussuri (Amur, Far Eastern) tiger is a subspecies that just recently could have completely disappeared. It is the northernmost tiger. Listed in the Red Book International Union nature conservation and the Red Book Russian Federation. According to the 2015 tiger census, there are about 540 Amur tigers in the Russian Far East. The Amur tiger is traditionally considered the largest living member of the cat family.

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The Amur tiger is one of the largest subspecies, the coat is thicker than that of tigers living in warm areas, and its color is lighter. Basic coat color winter time is orange and the belly is white. This is the only subspecies of the tiger, whose representatives have a five-centimeter layer of fat on their belly, which protects from the chilling wind during extreme weather. low temperatures. The body is elongated, flexible, the head is rounded, the paws are not long, the tail is long. The ears are very short, as it lives in cold areas. The Amur tiger distinguishes colors. At night, he sees five times better than a human. In nature, a tiger lives up to 15 years, in captivity a little over 20 years. For example, the life limit of the Amur tiger in captivity was noted by R. Jones and estimated at 26 years.

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The body length of males of the Amur tiger to the tip of the tail reaches 2.7-3.8 m, females are smaller. Height at the withers up to 115 cm, weight 170‒270 kg, in individual cases up to 300 kg. An ordinary adult male in nature weighs between 180-270 kg, on average about 200 kg, with a height at the withers of 90-106 cm. A very fast animal, capable of running at a speed of about 80 km / h.

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The Amur tiger is the ruler of vast territories, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich for the female is 300-500 km², and for the male - 600-800 km². If there is enough food within its possessions, then the tiger does not leave its territory. With a lack of game, the number of cases of attacks by tigers on a large livestock and dogs. The Amur tiger is active at night. They mostly hunt alone.

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The Amur tiger is listed in the Red Book of Russia. Measures for its conservation are enshrined in Decree of the Government of Russia dated August 7, 1995 No. 795 "On the conservation of the Amur tiger and other rare and endangered species of wild animals and plants in the territories of the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories." In April 2007, experts World Fund wildlife(WWF) announced that the Amur tiger population has reached a century high and that the tiger is no longer on the brink of extinction. In July 2010, Russia approved the national strategy for the conservation of the Amur tiger.

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In November 2010, St. Petersburg hosted International forum on issues related to the conservation of the tiger on Earth, which was attended by representatives of 13 countries of the tiger range (Russia, Thailand, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar and Nepal). During the forum, it was approved global program to restore the number of tigers and adopted a declaration on the conservation of the tiger. Summer 2013 Russian geographical society on the initiative of the President of Russia V.V. Putin, a special Fund was created - the Center "Amur Tiger". The Fund will be engaged in the conservation and increase in the population of the Amur tiger. It will be financed from extrabudgetary sources. Participated in the financing of the program charitable foundation"Konstantinovsky". In China, the death penalty is provided for killing the Amur tiger.

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Physico - geographical features The relief of the territory where the reserve is located is low-mountainous, formed by the southern spurs of the Sikhote - Alin (Przhevalsky Mountains). Average Height mountains is meters above sea level, some peaks reach meters. Original and beautiful origins mountain rivers in canyon-like narrow valleys. Here there are small waterfalls and water cauldrons in the rocky ground, filled with transparent cold water. The climate in general can be described as summer - warm and humid with moderately severe winters with little snow. The coldest month is January ( average temperature-17.9º C), the warmest - August (+19.7º C). The absolute minimum on the soil is -32º C, the maximum is +60º C.

History of creation The main wealth of the Ussuriysky Reserve is a fairly large array of virgin liana coniferous-broad-leaved forests, which are almost not preserved either in the Russian Far East or in neighboring countries. The reserve bears the name of academician Vladimir Leontievich Komarov, the largest domestic botanist, researcher of the flora of East Asia. He was the first to give a description of this territory, having visited it in 1913. The reserve was created back in 1932, since then its area has significantly increased, which now amounts to 40.4 thousand hectares.

The flora of the reserve The flora of the reserve is composed almost completely forest species. Mainly, these are cedar - deciduous forests. They are high species diversity and according to this indicator they have no analogues either in Russia or within the borders former USSR. There are frequent areas of cedar forests, where only trees, shrubs and lianas grow to species. Even more species richness of the grass cover, which includes many rare plants, including ginseng. In addition to ginseng, the Red Book species include hard juniper, mountain peony, Chinese princepia and other species.

The fauna of the reserve The fauna of the reserve is typical for coniferous - broad-leaved and broad-leaved forests. Wild boar, red deer, musk deer, white-breasted bear, Siberian weasels live here. Of the birds, warblers, blue nightingale, nuthatch, hazel grouse are common. Here live the largest beetle of the fauna of Russia - the relic barbel, large tropical butterflies- Saturnia Artemis, brameya Tancre, tail-bearer Maak. Interestingly, several attempts to "diversify" species composition fauna did not bring the expected results. Thus, the release of Barguzin sables in the 1960s to accelerate the restoration of the range turned out to be ineffective. The introduction of sika deer also did not bring results.

Ussuri Nature Reserve

About the Reserve The Ussuriysky State Nature Reserve is a specially protected natural area in Russia. Located south. spurs of the Sikhote-Alin, in the Primorsky Territory. The reserve is under the control of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation. The main wealth of the Ussuriysky Reserve is a fairly large array of virgin liana coniferous-broad-leaved forests. The reserve bears the name of academician Vladimir Leontievich Komarov, the largest domestic botanist, researcher of the flora of East Asia. He was the first to give a description of this territory, having visited it in 1913. The reserve was created back in 1932, since then its area has significantly increased, which now amounts to 40.4 thousand hectares.

Climate The territory of the reserve is part of the Amur-Ussuriysk climatic region of the temperate zone with well-defined features of the monsoonal climate of East Asia. The average annual air temperature is 2.5 ° C. The temperature of the coldest month (January) is on average -17.9 ° C, the warmest (August) 19.7 ° C; the absolute minimum on the soil is 32° C, the maximum is 60° C. The amount of precipitation varies from 500 to 1200 mm over the years and averages 700-800 mm. The average annual air humidity is 70-80% (the lowest in April-May, the highest in July-August).

Flora The reserve is dominated by forest vegetation, the forested area accounts for 40,291 ha. The most characteristic tree species are Korean cedar pine (Korean cedar), whole-leaved and white fir, Ayan spruce, yellow birch, Amur, Manchurian and Take lindens, Manchurian walnut, etc. In total, 868 species of vascular plants, 252 - bryophytes, 118 - lichens, 1364 - fungi and 210 species of algae. Rare species listed in the Red Book of Russia include hard juniper, real ginseng, seven-lobed calopanax, Chinese princepia, dense-flowered pine, spiky yew and high lure.

Fauna The background animals of the reserve are wild boar, red deer, badger, weasels, squirrels, red-gray voles, hazel grouse, yellow-throated and grey-headed buntings, tits - white-bellied and black-headed chickadee, woodpeckers gray-haired, white-backed and large motley. The following are listed in the Red Book of Russia: the Amur tiger, the East Siberian leopard, the mandarin duck, the black stork, the Ussuri clawed newt. Vertebrate animals are represented by 62 species of mammals (including Red Data Book species - giant shrew, Amur tiger, Far Eastern forest cat, spotted deer, Himalayan bear, etc.); more than 160 species of birds (among them the Red Book species - mandarin duck, black stork, needle-footed owl, hawk buzzard, crested honey buzzard, etc.), 7 species of reptiles, 6 species of amphibians (including the Ussuri clawed newt listed in the IUCN Red Book), 12 species of fish and cyclostomes The world of invertebrates is no less rich, 32 species are rare and endangered (Uvarov's grasshopper, narrow-breasted ground beetle, etc.). On the territory of the reserve live the largest beetle of the fauna of Russia - the relic barbel, large butterflies - Saturnia Artemis, Bramea Tancre, tail-bearer Maaka, a freshwater mollusk is found here - the Primorskaya pearl mussel.

"Baikal Reserve" - ​​Listvyanka - Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Baikal. In the village Baikal setting. There is a lot of precipitation (up to 900 mm per year); snowy winter. Baikal national park. Baikal folding. Area 165,724 ha. The fauna is typically mountain-taiga. There are 800 species of plants in the flora of the reserve: birch, aspen, cedar, spruce.

"Voronezh Reserve" - ​​The forest area is unique: 133 species of shrubs and trees, more than 900 species of herbs. From tiny shrews to elks, from kinglets to gravedigger eagles. The Voronezh nature reserve was engaged in the supply of animals. On the territory of the reserve from year to year are conducted Scientific research. The activity of the reserve is reduced to the protection of beaver, elk and forest.

"Caucasian Reserve" - ​​For every 100 m of elevation above sea level, the temperature drops by 0.5 degrees. Nature Caucasian Reserve. Certainly the most vulnerable natural ecosystems are large mammals. Among the birds, representatives of the orders of passeriformes and falconiformes predominate. The reserve is located on the border of temperate and subtropical climatic zones.

"Specially Protected Territories" - Article 83. Individuals are obliged to 1) comply with the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of specially protected natural territories. Rules for visiting protected areas individuals. Regulations on specially protected natural areas. Section 19. - Rules for visiting specially protected natural areas dated February 2, 2007 No. 44.

"Reserves of the Urals" - What parts of the Urals are known? Bashkir Reserve. Conclusion. 1994 data. Brown bear. Fill in the table. Hawk. Lynx. It consisted of three sections: Uraltau, South Krak, Pribelsky. Conclusion: Filin. Changes in the nature of the Urals economic activity person. Years of life 1883-1945 Causes of environmental problems.