The structure of the stomach and the digestive system of a cow. How many stomachs do cows have? The structure of the digestive system of livestock

The stomach of a cow, like that of other ruminants, is arranged in its own way. Each section of the stomach of a cow performs its own specific functions. So how many stomachs does a cow have and what feature is present in the work digestive system animal?

The digestive system of ruminants is made up of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach. The oral cavity of ruminants is designed and arranged specifically for plucking grass, so cows have only the lower front teeth.

Another surprising discovery will be the number of saliva secreted by animals of this species per day. It's hard to believe, but the number of saliva secreted per day reaches the mark of 100 to 200 liters. The esophagus performs several functions in its work, and in addition to the main task, it is necessary for the removal of enzymatic gases.

How many stomachs does a cow have - one or more? Of course, one, but it has a four-chamber structure. The first three chambers are the scar, and the mesh and the book are the proventriculus. The abomasum is the fourth chamber in the structure of the stomach of a cow. What is the structure of each section of the animal's stomach?

The structure of a cow, a cow's stomach

Now you can easily imagine and understand what a cow's stomach and digestive system looks like. The normal functioning of the stomach and digestion of the animal will be directly related to their diet and nutrition. Experts advise adding bacterial additives to cow feed, which will improve the functioning of the constituent elements of the digestive system.

Why do some people think that a cow has four stomachs?

In many ways, the knowledge of the inhabitant countryside who has not excelled in the educational sciences are limited and dependent on his personal experience. A villager has more experience in slaughtering livestock for meat than any city dweller. After slaughtering cattle, you can see with your own eyes that it is rather difficult to answer the question of the number of stomachs, since four different departments are clearly visible. This is what confuses a person.

If, after what you see, you tell a city person that the villagers understand better and have seen four stomachs with their own eyes, then the city dweller will not have any questions and doubts. School biology course, if it is not related to professional activity of a person, does not linger in the head for a long time. That is why people can believe in four stomachs and get confused in the information on this topic.

Cow digestion, its distinctive features

The instinct of self-preservation dictates to the animal to eat a large amount of grass and greenery as soon as possible, but the process of digestion is better done in another place, safer for this. The largest section of the stomach is called the scar, it is in this place that all the unchewed parts of the plants that have entered the animal's body penetrate. Most of the food is regurgitated back into oral cavity for more thorough chewing. When swallowed again, the food no longer passes into the scar, but into the mesh.

Sometimes some experts do not recognize the scar, mesh and book as full-fledged departments and call them pancreas, since the scar performs the most important stage of digestion. But there is only one correct answer - cows have only one stomach, which consists of 4 interconnected sections.

Animal husbandry specialists professionally engaged in breeding large cattle, are often interested in biological needs and internal structure animals, since the profit received will depend on the created well-being for all individuals. One of the main questions in this area is how many stomachs does a cow have? The digestive system of cows differs in its structure from most mammals, and this is due to the need to process a large amount of roughage and get the maximum benefit from them. The existing several departments are designed to perform different functions that contribute to better absorption of food. Features of the gastric tract are also associated with the features of grazing on pastures, where the cow absorbs plants, and their thorough chewing leaves for later, keeping the food in one of the digestion compartments. Any farmer needs to know how the digestion of food in cattle is arranged in order to correctly determine the diet and composition of the grass.

The stomach of a cow is only one, but at the same time it is divided into four sections: a scar, a mesh, a book and an abomasum. Except complex system digestion chambers, for food processing in cattle there are teeth located on mandible oral cavity.

Advice! Such a structure is necessary for a good capture of plants, but at the same time it prevents the thorough chewing of roughage.

The stomach is assisted by profuse salivation (about 100 liters per day), which contributes to the breakdown and slippage of food through the esophagus. The digestive system in cows is designed in such a way that the animal chews several times a semi-digested herbal mass (chewing gum), which constantly flows back into the throat. This type of splitting contributes to better crushing of plants and the absorption nutrients.

Scar

The largest section of a cow's stomach is called the rumen. He is responsible for the primary processing of food coming from the esophagus. With the help of special enzymes and enzymes, as well as muscle contractility (once per minute), food begins to grind. The scar is divided into three parts (bags): dorsal, cranial and ventral, after the work of which, the semi-digested grass enters the animal's oral cavity, where it turns into chewing gum and goes directly into the book.

Net

The second section of the cow's stomach or mesh acts as a controller. It separates large remnants of incoming feed from small chewed pieces. Insufficiently crushed parts of the mesh are sent back to the cicatricial section, and the processed product moves further along the digestive system. This ability is due to the contraction of a special muscle group.

Book

The book is the third gastric section of cattle, which is connected to the mesh with a special gutter. Because of the thin partitions, reminiscent of book pages, the department got its name. Only carefully chewed food enters this part of the cow's digestion, which here begins to ferment and decompose under the action of bacteria. Due to such a system, the animal can absorb maximum amount fiber from the food you eat. There is absorption in the book mineral compounds and fluids into the blood of cattle. The third section of the stomach receives only five percent of the food of the total amount of grass consumed, which is associated with complex processing processes.

Abomasum

Abomasum is characterized by the concentration of a large number of glands that produce acidic liquids of large volume. In the fourth compartment, the residual undigested mass is exposed to special gastric juices, which contributes to the breakdown of fiber into protein parts that are absorbed by the cow's body. The waste of the food base, which has passed through the entire digestive tract, enters the rectum due to the contractility of the rings of the longitudinal muscles.

Pathologies

Violations in the work of one of the chambers of the stomach contribute to changes in the other part, which entails the development of pathologies. Some of these ailments can even lead to the death of a ruminant. The main disorders of the digestive system are: bloating, stopping, blockage and trauma.

Bloating

Increased gas formation or tympania occurs due to feeding a cow with fast-fermenting food or a sudden change in diet. In addition, bloating can occur against the background of blockage of the esophagus.

The main symptoms of gas accumulation in cattle:

• increase in the volume of the abdomen;
• loss of appetite;
• lack of chewing gum;
• restless state;
• difficulty breathing and blanching of the mucous membranes (in severe form).

The swollen scar of the stomach puts pressure on the diaphragm, which causes shortness of breath, therefore, if the animal is not helped, the disease will lead to death. Therapy is to restore all the functions of digestion. The cow needs to be allowed to move quickly so that the stomach can work again. Positive result can give a massage of the abdomen on the left side or cooling this area with water. If a foreign body is present in the esophagus, then it must be removed using a probe. You can also use drugs that can eliminate gas formation, for example, activated carbon, Tympanol or Ichthyol. In severe cases, the veterinarian may perform a perforation of the scar.

Stop

Stopping the work of the stomach in cows is usually a violation of the diet or feeding low-quality feed. With the use of a large amount of concentrates or rotten hay, as well as blockage of the esophagus, cattle may experience loss of appetite, the inability to form chewing gum and a lethargic state. Slowing down or stopping the work of the stomach can be confirmed by probing the hungry fossa. In the absence of muscle contractions, the cow should be treated immediately. Fasting the animal for a day helps to eliminate the pathology, after which they begin to gently give it silage, some root crops and fresh hay.

To start the stomach system, they also use massage of the cicatricial section, washing the entire digestive system, as well as drinking an individual saline solution, vodka with vegetable oil or hellebore tincture.

obstruction

The predominance of grain waste, bran and dry food in the blood diet often causes blockage of the stomach book. Experts note that the ingress of particles of dirt or sand into the food of cattle can be considered a factor that increases the risk of this pathology. Symptoms of the disease coincide with signs of digestive arrest. But to find out the real reason, it is recommended to puncture the stomach with a sharp needle. If its introduction causes difficulty, then we can talk about the blockage of the book. When establishing an accurate diagnosis of the condition of the cow, it is necessary to flush all sections of the system with a solution of sodium chloride or sodium sulfate with a concentration of ten percent. One liter of medicine will be enough for the procedure. Starting digestion is carried out in the same ways as in the case of stopping.

Injury

The stomach of cows is prone to injury, as the animal sometimes swallows stones, nails, wire, wood chips and other dangerous objects hidden in the grass cover along with food.

Advice! These foreign bodies can puncture any part of the digestive system or even pierce vital organs, especially if they pass through the mesh.

There are several main symptoms by which a farmer can recognize a possible injury to the stomach of a cow:

• pushing the neck forward;
• refusal to eat;
• anxiety;
• unnatural postures (the animal hunches over);
• increase in body temperature by about one degree;
• the individual feels pain when pressed in the thoracic region.

foreign body should be removed immediately, usually using a magnetic probe. And for dangerous objects of a non-metallic nature, surgical intervention is required. If the farmer does not want to mess with the cow, then she is simply sent for slaughter.

The structure of the stomach of cattle is distinguished by a number of features, knowledge of which will help not only to correctly compose the diet of the animal, but also to provide it with first aid in case of a sudden pathology.

The cow is a very valuable and common animal in households and farms. It is grown for the purpose of obtaining milk and meat. For high productivity, the cow should be properly and satisfyingly fed. In order to avoid problems with the digestive system, it is important to know the structure of the cow's stomach and the reasons for its stoppage, which often happens. Read about it in the article.

Digestive system

The cow is a herbivore whose stomach has evolved to digest food rich in vegetable fibers. Simultaneously with the organs, bacteria also evolved, the habitat of which is the digestive tract.

Microorganisms have developed their own ecosystem of protozoa, fungi and bacteria, which get along well with their host. For example, in the initial section of the stomach of a cow (rumen) in in large numbers live different types bacteria and protozoa. The first number 60 items, the second - 30. The composition of the cow includes the oral cavity, esophagus, intestines and stomach.

How is the stomach?

Many people are interested, Some believe that four. But it's not. The organ is one, like in other animals, but it has a complex structure. The stomach of a cow, according to anatomical structure, has four sections, but gastric juice is found only in the last. The first three chambers are intermediate points where the preparation and fermentation of the food chewed by the cow takes place. Do not be surprised about the number of sections of the stomach. All of them are very important, and each performs its function, because the animal secretes 100-200 liters of saliva in one day, which should have a place to store it.

Digestion is a slow process. A cow can chew food for six to eight hours before it ends up in the stomach. Here the food eaten is for several hours or more than two days, it depends on how much cellulose is contained in the food.

Scar

This is the first, or initial, section of the cow's stomach, it is the largest in size. Everything that she ate, and this is practically unchewed food, ends up here. The initial section of the cow's stomach stores 80% of the volume of all food eaten. In general, it holds 150 kg of feed.

The walls of the initial section of the cow's stomach are thick enough, so they are not affected by hard pieces plant food, which the cow chewed badly. At intervals of once a minute, the walls contract, stirring the herb to evenly distribute the enzymes. At the same time, hard stems are rubbed and become softer.

The main condition is her grazing. The eaten grass at this time is in the initial section of the cow's stomach. But after grazing, the food begins to regurgitate in small portions and is chewed again by the animal. This mass is called chewing gum. Softened under the influence of enzymes, it is carefully rubbed with teeth and again swallowed by the cow. But it gets into another part of the stomach, into the book.

The walls of the scar are covered with small growths. Their task is to absorb as many useful substances as possible from food, which are the product of the fermentation process, which is carried out with the participation of saliva and a huge number of bacteria that are beneficial to the body. Their number is 150 billion.

Net

Among the sections of the stomach of a cow, the second is a grid consisting of many cells. This is one of the smallest departments (up to 10 liters in volume), connected to the scar. Processes such as digestion and fermentation continue here. The walls of this section have strong muscles that are able to mix the contents of the stomach, facilitating another process - the fermentation of nutrients. The mesh, like a lattice, does not allow large stems to pass further to the location of the more tender ones, which can be injured by coarse food.

The first time the chewed food, which is in the scar, burps, again enters the oral cavity for further grinding with teeth. This happens when coarse cellulose fibers, difficult for bacteria to digest, accumulate in a certain amount in the stomach. But if there are large particles in the food, the mesh delays them for 20-48 hours. During storage in this section of the stomach, its contents change completely. The food becomes suitable for further grinding before it enters the next department.

Book

This section, which is considered the third in the stomach, receives chewed food. This is where the absorption of water takes place. fatty acids, other substances necessary for nutrition. This section is small, it holds 5% of the food eaten, which is 20 liters in volume. Here, the chewed gum is processed further thanks to the potent bacteria and aggressive enzymes that are found in this section.

Abomasum

One of the sections of the cow's stomach is the abomasum. It is designed to perform a large number of functions. Its capacity is 15 liters of food, which is finally prepared for digestion. This section performs the function of a normal stomach. Here, the food that has gone through the fermentation process in the first three sections is digested due to the action of acid and the enzymes of the animal itself.

How many stomachs does a cow have? The animal has one organ, but its structure is complex. The last section receives food in a dried form, which is mainly absorbed while in the book. The abomasum of a cow's stomach is similar in structure to a human organ. Its walls have glands in large quantities that secrete juice, which is called gastric. It has the highest acidity index compared to other departments.

In the abomasum, food is finally broken down. After the prepared mass enters the intestines, all the substances necessary for nutrition are absorbed from the small particles into the body. In the intestine, the absorption process is much more intense. From the moment food enters the stomach until it is completely digested, two to three days pass.

The cow's digestive system is complex. Burenka must constantly eat. Breaks between feedings should not be allowed, otherwise the health of the animal is endangered.

Why does a cow's stomach stop?

The most common reasons why the stomach refuses to work are the following:

• Feeding low-quality food, which is categorically unacceptable. The feed must be fresh and well chopped, otherwise, when it enters the esophagus, the cow feels discomfort, stagnation occurs in the intestines. If the animal is given vegetables, they must be grated or chopped with a knife. When feeding with corn, it should be cleaned. With regular malnutrition, a cow swallows food quickly and in large portions during feeding, which leads to a stoppage of the stomach.
• organ may be a sudden fright, during which the esophagus narrows. This can also happen if the cow has leukemia, tuberculosis or neurological disorders.
• The stomach may stop if the cow has swallowed a hard foreign object, such as a stone, a nail.

The stomach of a cow stopped - how to start it?

If the cause is a foreign object entering the esophagus, you can deal with it yourself, without the help of a veterinarian. To do this, the cow should be tied to a tree and a wedge inserted between the teeth so that the jaws do not close. Then wrap your hand in a towel and take out the item.

This can be done using a probe that is inserted into the animal's esophagus. The swallowed object is easily pushed through. In order for the probe to pass freely, you need to pour any vegetable oil. You can add water at the same time. If the probe was not at hand, you can use a rubber hose with a diameter of no more than 3.5 cm, as long as its edges are round. Do not use a stick, it can cause injury to the esophagus.

At home maintenance you can force the animal to stick out its tongue. When this happens, irritate him by inducing vomiting. Perhaps the animal will spit out the swallowed object. If the cow is due to the use of unprocessed feed, this indicates a stoppage of the pancreas. In this case, you should contact your veterinarian.

Starting the stomach with folk remedies

If it was not possible to push the swallowed object or eliminate the cause of the stomach stoppage due to the use of low-quality feed by the cow, due to the lack of medicines in the first-aid kit, they resort to folk remedies. Recipes for some of them:

• Yeast in the amount of 100 grams should be dissolved in a glass of warm water, let it brew for 30 minutes. Add vodka and sugar in the amount of 200 ml and 100 grams. The cow should drink the resulting volume of liquid twice a day. Tincture to drink the animal for several days.
• Prepare a decoction of yarrow, St. John's wort, flaxseed and give them a cow to drink twice a day. The stomach will work again.
• Buy a cheremic tincture at a pharmacy, dilute it with 0.5 liters of water and pour it into the cow's mouth.
• Important! Many cow health problems can be avoided if the cow is properly cared for and fed.

What to feed?

In order for the food consumed by the cow to be well absorbed and not harm the stomach, the animal must be properly fed. The diet is considered balanced if daily it will consist of the following ingredients:

• Cellulose fibers, which are rich in fresh grass, hay, silage.
• Grains of corn, oats, barley, soybeans, the use of which energizes the body of a cow.
• By-products produced by the food industry: the pulp of oranges and beets, molasses.

Content:

Man domesticated animals, which he now uses for his own food. But also herbivores managed to tame creatures that help extract energy from indigestible plant fibers. Thus, rabbits pass food through their own body twice in order to assimilate the microbial biomass of the caecum. In horses, microbes in the back of the alimentary tract process fiber that cannot be digested by the stomach and small intestines.

But the most perfect mechanism for converting low-value feed into nutritious food has been developed by ruminants. This article is adapted for pastoralists. She reports on the structure of the alimentary tract in a cow, methods effective use the benefits of a four-chambered stomach.

Sections of the stomach of a cow

The stomach of a cow has 4 sections:

• Abomasum. It looks like a true gastr. It is arranged like the stomach of a person or a pig, has digestive glands that secrete chloride gastric juice. A calf is born with just such an organ and cannot absorb cellulose in the volume characteristic of an adult animal. Gradually, his stomach begins to develop.
• Scar.

Scar

The first and most voluminous of the departments of the stomach in a cow. It is located immediately behind the esophagus and occupies the left half of the abdominal cavity. It looks like a bag, consisting of several compartments. Begins to function in a two-month-old calf. By the age of six months, the cub becomes a full-fledged ruminant. In an adult cattle, the volume of the scar reaches 200 dm3. Food enters the bag, the wall of which is a powerful longitudinal and circular smooth muscles. The inside of the scar is lined with a mucous membrane, on which the papillae are located. Through them, the blood absorbs part of the nutrients synthesized by the rumen microflora.

The digestive chamber is filled with a liquid in which microorganisms live, mainly bacteria, as well as ciliates that can break down fiber and protein. The weight of a single-cell scar in a cow can exceed 3 kg. The purpose of the first pancreas is to ensure a comfortable life of microorganisms. Digestion must take place at a moderate speed. To do this, the first food that enters the rumen should be hay or straw in the form of bedding, on which ingredients of a juicy consistency fall, as well as concentrates. In this case, the microbes will have enough time to digest food. Another condition is that the feed is broken down by microflora at a moderate rate. Too rapid breakdown of the protein will lead to the release of ammonia, which is not completely absorbed by microbes for the synthesis of their own protein, will be absorbed by the blood and cause poisoning.

The accelerated breakdown of carbohydrates that occurs when a cow eats a lot of concentrates leads to the formation of acids (VFAs). It is in this form that most of the energy for the cow's body comes. In moderation, acetic acid is necessary for the synthesis of milk fat, propionic acid for glucose, butyric acid for lipids deposited in the body.

Excessive acid formation leads to rumen acidosis, inhibition or death of microflora. Under optimal conditions for the microflora, some of the compounds formed are absorbed through the mucous membrane of the proventriculus.

If the first food consumed by a cow is grain turd or juicy greens, they do not linger in the scar, they fall into the abomasum, which causes indigestion. The processes occurring in the proventriculus involve the return of part of the food in the form of belching, re-chewing and swallowing for better digestion. In addition, the food lump is abundantly wetted with saliva containing buffer substances that bind excess acids. During belching, the methane formed during the fermentation process is removed from the scar.

Microbes break down the low-value protein of vegetable feed and synthesize their own amino acid composition from its particles, the amino acid composition of which is better than the original one. With advancing food, unicellular organisms enter the abomasum, where they are digested. It takes 27 hours for a microbial cell to divide into two. Therefore, the stay of food in the rumen should not be less than this period. For this, perform following conditions:

• Humidity of the incoming food coma should not be less than 45%.
• The dry matter intake from bulk feed should exceed 50%.
• The size of incoming feed particles matters. They should not be too large or dusty.
• It is necessary to choose feeds or prepare them for feeding so that the residence time in the rumen is optimal, and the rate of splitting is moderate. For this, concentrates are flattened, granulated, extruded, special additives are used to optimize the degradability of the nutrients of individual ingredients.

This is a sorting organ, with a volume of about 10 dm 3. The mucosa of the cavity has the form of network cells. Those particles that do not fit between the edges of the cell return through the scar for re-chewing. The semi-liquid mass flows into the book.

The volume of this section of the cow's stomach, outwardly resembling a book, is comparable to the size of the grid. It contains leaves that continue to grind food particles. Due to the extensive suction surface, the bloodstream absorbs water, minerals, and VFAs that are not absorbed in the rumen. Contractions of the powerful muscular walls of the organ push the food mass into the abomasum.

Abomasum

This is the true stomach, which resembles digestive organ monogastric animals. In terms of volume (15–17 l), abomasum is significantly inferior to the scar and slightly exceeds the mesh and the book.

Under the influence of hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes, there is a partial hydrolysis of those nutrients that are not absorbed by the scar. After gastric processing, the chyme enters the intestine, where the digestion process continues. The contents of the rennet is a valuable energy and plastic material. So, the amino acid composition of proteins is not inferior in biological value to the microbial one. A significant part of the energy-rich lipids passes through the proventriculus unchanged and is absorbed by the small intestine, which has a positive effect on milk production. Modified corn starch or heat-treated cereals are digested without loss of fermentation, breaking down to glucose.

Calf stomach

The first chewing gum is observed in 20-day-old calves. To stimulate the development of the proventriculus, they should, starting from the age of four days, be fed a feed mixture consisting of concentrates with a small admixture of roughage. When milk is drunk, the entrances to the proventriculus beginning to form reflexively overlap, and the liquid enters the abomasum through the esophageal trough. Roughage should not be given from ten days of age, as recommended by the old guides. It is required to accustom babies to the consumption of a fully mixed diet. From the age of one month, the young are accustomed to hay, from the age of nine weeks - to haylage and silage. By the age of six months, the cub becomes a ruminant.

Diseases of the alimentary tract of cattle

The alimentary tract in a cow is complex, so feeding errors cause the following diseases:

• Milk fever.
• Detention of the placenta.
• Rumen acidosis.

A characteristic symptom of most pathologies is the cessation of chewing gum.

Knowledge of the structure and functioning of different parts of the stomach allows you to avoid feeding mistakes that are expensive for the cattle breeder. The work of the alimentary tract is controlled by scar microflora, therefore comfortable conditions must be given, first of all, to her.

The cow is a ruminant animal that feeds primarily on roughage. It has a multi-chambered stomach, adapted to digest large amounts of plant foods. Different departments of this organ carry out mechanical and enzymatic processing of feed, increase its absorption. This article will look at the device of the cow's stomach and how to start it after it stops.

How is the stomach of a cow

Food moves progressively through the cow's stomach, passing from the scar through the mesh into the book, and then into the abomasum. The mesh is designed to filter out liquid grated feed. Each department has its own characteristics of the processes occurring in it, however, the stomach is a single system.

Important! The calf's stomach is not adapted to the digestion of roughage, so the groove that divides the scar into two bags has the shape of a tube. Through this tube, milk flows from the esophagus directly into the abomasum, bypassing the proventriculus. Solid feed as complementary foods should be introduced to calves in the diet no earlier than one month old, since the abomasum will not be able to digest them without prior treatment in the proventriculus.

Which side

The stomach is a voluminous organ that occupies the entire central part of the animal's abdominal cavity and is located at the level of the 4th–12th intercostal space. In its anterior part, the stomach is connected to the esophagus, and in the posterior part it is connected to the duodenum.

How many departments and their functions

There are four departments in this organ, but the scar and mesh are practically not separated from each other and together they are called the mesh stomach.

Scar

This is the main department, the first and largest. Its volume in adults reaches two hundred liters. The scar is located on the left side of the abdominal cavity and occupies a small proportion of the right. The chute, through which the calves pass milk feed directly into the abomasum, divides this section into two bags lined with a double layer of muscle tissue.

This department does not have glands, but it carries out mechanical grinding of the feed, ensures its grinding and mixing. The volume of the scar is colossal - it occupies up to 80% of the total volume of the stomach and is the heaviest internal organ.

Did you know? Average weight a healthy two-year-old cow is 700 kilograms, a bull- just over a ton. It may seem surprising that the weight record belongs to the cow. A representative of the Holstein hybrid named Mount Katahdin in 1906 reached a weight of 2200 kilograms. The girth of her chest behind the shoulder blades exceeded 4 meters, and the height at the withers reached 2.

The simplest bacteria living in the rumen process the food. They ferment sugars, carry out the primary fermentation of green mass, form vitamins and proteins. Depending on the food that the animal receives, the intestinal micro-organisms change in order to successfully digest food, so the microflora of the stomach is unstable.

Video: evaluating the work of the cow's rumen The muscular walls of the scar contract every second and, after the initial treatment, push the food bolus back into the esophagus and mouth of the animal. The cow begins to chew the cud, additionally grinding the already fermented mass with her molars.

Net

It is a heavy, but medium-sized sorting department - it occupies a volume of no more than 10 liters. It is located in the anterior part of the abdominal cavity in front of the main section and partially comes into contact with the diaphragm. It is the mesh that starts the process of burping the gum into the esophagus.

Important! Grazing cattle in fields with legumes should be carried out exclusively in dry weather. In conditions of excessive humidity nodule bacteria living on the stems of leguminous plants begin to actively produce nitrogen-containing gases. In the rumen, this process accelerates, the animal develops tympania and, as a result, the work of the stomach stops.

It filters the liquid fraction with the help of its cellular mucous membrane and passes it further along the digestive tract, while large solid particles are thrown back.

Book

This section accepts liquid, partially digested food. He is responsible for the mechanical processing of food, the breakdown of fiber and the absorption of a predominant amount of liquid. The liquid is squeezed and strained to prevent dilution of enzymes and acid in the fourth section - abomasum.

Did you know? Just like humans have fingerprints, the imprint of a cow's nasal planum is unique. This feature is used by Texas ranchers who maintain a database of livestock and, if necessary, search for and identify stolen animals by taking fingerprints.

The book consists of thin muscular partitions, similar to leaflets, between which food is processed by saliva and fermented under the influence of bacteria. The size of the book is small: in adults, it barely reaches the diameter of a volleyball.

Abomasum

The appearance of the sections of the stomach of a cow Represents the true stomach of an animal - rennet juice is secreted in its glands, which consists of of hydrochloric acid and enzymes. Juice is responsible for the final digestion of the feed and the complete decomposition of its protein part.

The rennet is located at the level of the twelfth intercostal space and in an adult animal reaches a volume of 15 liters. It has a complex folded structure, which significantly increases the area of ​​glandular tissue and, accordingly, the amount of rennet juice.

The cow's stomach does not work (stood up)

Stomach problems in cattle occur mainly due to the fault of the owner. If the feed is of poor quality or has not been processed properly, and the animal consumed it, intestinal motility will slow down, and then stop altogether. Symptoms of an upturned stomach will be loss of appetite, coughing, chewing in vain, difficulty breathing.

Why

Important! Foreign body that has entered theAndwater, along with food, can injure the intestinal mucosa and come out naturally. Stopping the work of the stomach in this case occurs some time later and is provoked by paralysis of the esophagus at the site of damage or perforation of the wall.

What to do, how to start a cow's stomach

Stopping digestion not only causes discomfort to the animal, but will also lead to its imminent death. There are several ways to restart the stomach.

Traditional means

Folk remedies

Include feeding the animal various stimulating fluids:

1. Yeast mixture. 200 grams of yeast diluted in half a liter warm water. As soon as the yeast swells, 250 milliliters of vodka and 150 grams of fructose or sucrose are added to them. The resulting liquid is drunk to the animal 2 times a day, half a liter for 3 days until the ruminant reflex is fully restored.
2. Hellebore. The tincture of this plant is mixed with water in a ratio of 1: 1 and the animal is drunk twice a day for half a liter.
3. Garlic tincture. Half a liter of vodka is mixed with two heads of peeled and finely grated garlic. The resulting mixture is infused for an hour and fed to the cow twice a day, 250 milliliters at a time.

Since after pushing the cork, the stomach starts itself, it is necessary to conduct additional stimulation to it. In this case, massage of the hungry fossa helps well. back side palms or firmly clenched fist, as well as the active exercise of the animal for 3–4 hours after launch.