Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Hosted at http://www.allbest.ru/

Introduction

1. International activities of the RF Armed Forces

2. Peacekeeping operations

3. Operation in the former Yugoslavia

4. On the status of military personnel

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

Character international relations depends on the set various factors, one of which is International activity Armed Forces. The main purpose of this activity is to ensure the national interests of Russia, which in the defense sphere are to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state from military aggression from other states.

The protection of the country's national interests presupposes both reliable security of citizens and independent peacekeeping activities in order to avoid conflicts, if necessary, being present in strategically important parts of the world.

On this moment The Armed Forces are the last resort used in cases where it was not possible to avoid military threat, since in the world there is a constant tension between the leading powers

1. International (peacekeeping) activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

armed forces russian federation

The international activity of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation today is inextricably linked with the implementation of military reform in our country and the reform of the Armed Forces.

As is known, the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 16, 1997 "On priority measures to reform the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and improve their structure" became the starting point for the beginning of the reform of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. On July 31, 1997, the President approved the Concept for the Construction of the Armed Forces for the period up to the year 2000.

The military reform is based on a solid theoretical base, the results of the calculations, taking into account the changes that took place in the early 1990s. in the geopolitical situation in the world, the nature of international relations and the changes that have taken place in Russia itself. The main goal of the military reform is to ensure the national interests of Russia, which in the defense sphere are to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state from military aggression from other states.

Currently, to prevent war and armed conflicts in the Russian Federation, preference is given to political, economic and other non-military means. At the same time, it is taken into account that, while the non-use of force has not yet become the norm of international relations, the national interests of the Russian Federation require military power sufficient for its defense.

In this connection the most important task of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is to ensure nuclear deterrence in the interests of preventing both nuclear and conventional large-scale or regional war.

The protection of the national interests of the state assumes that the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation must ensure reliable protection of the country. At the same time, the Armed Forces must ensure that the Russian Federation carries out peacekeeping activities both independently and as part of international organizations. Security Interests national security Russia predetermine the need for Russia's military presence in some strategically important regions of the world.

The long-term goals of ensuring Russia's national security also determine the need for Russia's broad participation in peacekeeping operations. The implementation of such operations is aimed at preventing or eliminating crisis situations at the stage of their inception.

Thus, at present, the leadership of the country considers the Armed Forces as a factor of deterrence, as a last resort used in cases where the use of peaceful means has not led to the elimination of a military threat to the interests of the country.

The main document that determined the creation of Russian peacekeeping forces, the principles of their use and the procedure for using them, is the Law of the Russian Federation "On the procedure for providing the Russian Federation with military and civilian personnel to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security" (adopted State Duma May 26, 1995).

To implement this law, in May 1996 the President of the Russian Federation signed Decree No. 637 “On the formation of a special military contingent of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security.”

2. Peacekeeping aboutoperations

In accordance with this decree, a special military contingent was formed in the Armed Forces of Russia with a total number of 22 thousand people, consisting of 17 motorized rifle and 4 airborne battalions.

In total, until April 2002, one thousand servicemen from the peacekeeping units of the Russian Armed Forces carried out tasks to maintain peace and security in two regions - the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova, Abkhazia.

The military contingent was brought into the conflict zone in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova on June 23, 1992 on the basis of the Agreement between the Republic of Moldova and the Russian Federation on the principles of peaceful settlement of the armed conflict in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova. The total number of the peacekeeping contingent was about 500 people.

On March 20, 1998, negotiations were held in Odessa on the settlement of the Transnistrian conflict with the participation of Russian, Ukrainian, Moldovan and Transnistrian delegations.

The military contingent was brought into the conflict zone in South Ossetia (Georgia) on July 9, 1992 on the basis of the Dagomys agreement between the Russian Federation and Georgia on the settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. The total number of this contingent was more than 500 people.

A military contingent was brought into the conflict zone in Abkhazia on June 23, 1994 on the basis of the Agreement on a ceasefire and separation of forces. The total number of this contingent was about 1600 people.

Since October 1993, the 201st motorized rifle division of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has been part of the Collective Peacekeeping Forces in the Republic of Tajikistan in accordance with the Treaty between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan. The total number of this contingent was more than 6 thousand people.

Since June 11, 1999, Russian peacekeepers have been on the territory of the autonomous province of Kosovo (Yugoslavia), where in the late 90s. there was a serious armed confrontation between Serbs and Albanians. The number of the Russian contingent was 3600 people. A separate sector occupied by Russians in Kosovo equalized the rights of the Russian Federation in resolving this interethnic conflict with the five leading NATO countries (USA, Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy).

The staffing of government bodies, military units and subdivisions of a special military contingent is carried out on a voluntary basis according to the preliminary (competitive) selection of military personnel undergoing military service by contract. The training and equipment of the peacekeeping forces are carried out at the expense of the federal budget funds allocated for defense.

During the period of service as part of a special military contingent, servicemen enjoy status, privileges and immunity. Privileges are granted to UN personnel in the conduct of peacekeeping operations in accordance with the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, adopted General Assembly United Nations on February 13, 1996 Also by the UN Security Convention of December 9, 1994, Protocol on the Status of Military Observer Groups and Collective Peacekeeping Forces in the CIS of May 15, 1992

The personnel of the special military contingent is equipped with a light small arms. When performing tasks on the territory of the CIS countries, personnel are provided with all types of allowances in accordance with the standards established in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Training and education of the military personnel of the peacekeeping contingent is carried out at the bases of a number of formations of the Leningrad and Volga-Ural military districts, as well as at the Higher Officer Courses "Shot" in the city of Solnechnogorsk (Moscow Region).

The CIS member states have concluded an Agreement on the training and education of military and civilian personnel for participation in collective peacekeeping operations, determined the procedure for training and education, and approved training programs for all categories of military and civilian personnel assigned to collective peacekeeping forces.

The international activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include joint exercises, friendly visits and other activities aimed at strengthening common peace and mutual understanding.

On August 7-11, 2000, a joint Russian-Moldovan exercise of the peacekeeping forces "Blue Shield" was held.

3. Operation in the former Yugoslavia

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation have been participating in the operation of the multinational forces since April 1992 in accordance with UN Security Council Resolutions No. 743 of February 26, 1992 and June 10, 1999 No. 1244. Currently, the Russian military contingent is taking part in peacekeeping operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and in the autonomous province of Kosovo in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The main tasks of Russian peacekeepers:

Preventing the resumption of hostilities;

Creation of security conditions for the return of refugees and displaced persons;

Ensuring public safety;

Supervision of demining;

Support, where necessary, for an international civil presence;

Fulfillment, as necessary, of duties for the implementation of border control;

Ensuring the protection and freedom of movement of own forces, international civil presence and personnel of other international organizations.

4. On the status of military personnel

On the status of military personnel participating in peacekeeping operations.

The legal status of military personnel participating in peacekeeping operations is complex. It is governed by a set of legal principles and norms belonging to different legal systems and having a different legal nature.

IN legal status servicemen reflects its specificity, primarily as an integral part of a functional interstate mechanism - an international organization. The main legal basis for regulating the activities of international organizations and their employees is the international legal basis, the form - international legal principles and norms. In this regard, the status of the staff is primarily international in nature and is limited by the functional framework.

A feature of the legal status of military personnel participating in peacekeeping operations is that they do not enter the service of the United Nations, they do not become UN personnel as such. Military personnel are temporarily seconded to a UN peacekeeping mission.

After citizens of one state are seconded to serve in an organ of an international organization located on the territory of another state, legal relations between employees and these states accordingly remain and arise. Military personnel remain and become participants in legal relations that are governed by the norms of the respective national legal systems.

In addition, an international organization, whose activity is subject to the will of the member states, is endowed with a certain independence by the member states in order to achieve its goals. The independence of the organization is embodied in the functional law of subjectivity and is materialized through the functional competence, in particular, to create the rules of law, including those regulating the activities of personnel. These norms are unconditionally legally binding, however, they are not international legal, they have a special legal nature and sources.

It follows from the foregoing that all the norms and principles governing the legal status of personnel can be divided according to the nature of their sources and belong to:

1) to the norms of international law contained in the charters of the UN and its specialized agencies, in special agreements, in acts of organizations and other international legal acts;

2) to the norms that have a domestic nature of the sources contained in the acts of various domestic authorities of the country of residence, transit, business trip.

3) to the norms of the so-called internal law of the UN, created and applied within the organization;

4) to the norms that have a domestic nature of the sources contained in the acts of certain domestic bodies.

The heterogeneous nature of the legal regulation of the status of military personnel participating in UN peacekeeping operations reflects the specifics of the legal status of such military personnel as a special category of participants in international legal relations. This specificity determined the definition of sources of norms on the legal status of personnel and, thus, the features of its regulation in various legal areas.

Currently Active participation Russian citizens in the peacekeeping efforts of the world community requires the development of a “Status of a participant in peacekeeping operations” that meets international legal standards, which would define legal rights and obligations and provide social guarantees for all participants in this process.

Conclusion

Summarizing the above, we can conclude that in modern conditions the greatest threat to international peace and security, both in regional level, and on a global scale represent armed conflicts, which should be resolved primarily by political means and only, as a last resort, by conducting peacekeeping operations. However, it should be noted that not a single peacekeeping action will bring the desired result if there is no political will and desire opposing sides resolve their own conflicts.

As for the prospects for Russia's participation in peacekeeping, they are eloquently evidenced by the fact that if in the first 40 years of its existence the UN conducted 13 peacekeeping operations, then since 1988, 28 new operations have been initiated.

Special mention should be made of the organization of peacekeeping activities with the CIS member countries. Commonwealth as regional organization which has assumed the functions of ensuring international peace and security, opens up new horizons for the development of peacekeeping.

For the newly formed states that emerged from the former USSR, peacekeeping is becoming one of the main forms of conflict resolution policy in the post-Soviet space. Unresolved national, territorial and other problems, mutual claims led to the development of well-known events in the Dnieper region, Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Tajikistan, North Ossetia.

Bibliography

1. Smirnov A. T., Fundamentals of life safety: Proc. for students in grade 11 general education institutions / A. T. Smirnov, B. I. Mishin, V. A. Vasnev. - 3rd ed. - M.: Education, 2002. - 159 p. - ill.

2. Syunkova V. Ya., Fundamentals of life safety: Proc. For students in grades 10-11. general education Institutions / V. Ya. Syunkova. - M., 1998;

Hosted on Allbest.ru

Similar Documents

The concept and essence of peacekeeping operations, the participation of the Russian Armed Forces. The status of military personnel who performed tasks in UN peacekeeping operations; facilitating role allowance in their material support; personnel and payroll.

thesis, added 10/29/2012


List of military ranks of servicemen of the Armed Forces (VS) of the Russian Federation. Correspondence of positions and ranks. Uniform and insignia in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Clarity and clarity in the relationship and subordination of military personnel. Insignia of servicemen in the Russian Army.

abstract, added 02/24/2011


Essence and legal bases social protection military personnel. Implementation of measures for socio-economic support of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and foreign states. The structure of the monetary allowance of the US military. Problems of implementation of rights in the housing sector.

thesis, added 10/29/2012


Legal service as a structural subdivision of the Ministry of Defense. Legal work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation as the main task of the legal service. Powers, organization of work and main activities of units.

term paper, added 04/02/2014


Military labor, its significance in modern conditions. Comparative analysis operating system monetary allowances for servicemen of the Russian army and leading foreign states. Ways and methods of improving the mechanism of motivation of military personnel.

thesis, added 10/29/2012


The legal basis for the behavior of military personnel. The concept of military regulations of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The significance of charters in the life and activities of the military collective. The essence and significance of military discipline, the duty of military personnel to comply with it.

term paper, added 10/19/2012


The role of the Soviet Armed Forces in the defense of the motherland. The main types of the Armed Forces. Organization of a motorized rifle regiment. The structure of the ground forces. The tasks of organizing combat training Navy Russia. The main content of the military reforms of Peter I.

presentation, added 03/13/2010


Transformation of the Georgian Armed Forces after the 2003 Rose Revolution. The number of personnel of the Air Force of the state. Map-scheme of hostilities in the Tskhinval region on 08-12.08.2008. blows Russian aviation by Georgian troops.

presentation, added 06/26/2014


The tasks of the officer staff for information support of the reform. Constitution, legislation of the Russian Federation on the defense of the country. Legal basis for the reform of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Traditions of the spiritual culture of the officer corps of the Russian army.

course of lectures, added 06/02/2009


Service in the armed forces of Israel as a sacred duty of every citizen of the country and the relationship of the political and military elite. The level of representation of military personnel in administrative and business circles. Military-strategic situation in the Middle East.

How to become an officer of the Russian army?

Professional training of Russian officers in educational institutions was organized during the creation of a regular army. In 1698, on the initiative of Peter I, the Artillery and Infantry Schools in Moscow and the Nautical School in Azov were opened, and in 1701 the Engineering School,

School of Mathematical and Navigational Sciences. Then other military educational institutions were created.

The military schools created under Peter I gave the young men a good general and special education for that time.

Later, in St. Petersburg, the Land (1732) and Marine (1743) gentry were established. cadet corps. They trained not only officers, but also officials of state institutions.

In the last quarter of the XVIII century. The Baltic and Black Sea Navigator Schools, the St. Petersburg School of Naval Architecture, and others were opened.

In 1798, the Medico-Surgical Academy was established, which trained military doctors for the army and navy.

At the beginning of the XIX century. The Main Engineering (1819) and Mikhailovskoye Artillery (1820) schools were opened with academic classes for training officers with a higher military special education, which were later transformed into academies. Therefore, 1819 is considered the official year of the creation of the Military Engineering Academy, which still exists today, and 1820 - the Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces. Peter the Great (until 1997 - Military Academy named after F. E. Dzerzhinsky).

In the second half of the XIX century. new higher military educational institutions appeared: the Military Law (1867) and Naval (1877) academies. At the same time, part of the cadet corps was transformed into military gymnasiums.

By the beginning of World War I (1914-1918), Russia had four groups of military educational institutions:
1) lower (for the preparation of junior commanders); 2) secondary general education (cadet corps, preparatory schools and etc.); 3) secondary special (trained command and engineering personnel for the army and navy); 4) higher and secondary type for the training and retraining of active service officers (military academies, naval higher schools, rifle, cavalry, electrical, aeronautical, artillery and other schools).

After 1917, a new network of military educational institutions was created, which included:
1) courses and regimental schools (for training junior officers); 2) command courses (for training platoon commanders); 3) advanced training courses for officers; 4) schools for the training of mid-level specialists; 5) military academies (for the training of senior officers of all specialties).

As a result of the military reform of 1924-1925. a system of higher and secondary military educational institutions was formed, which included military academies, military schools ground forces And Air Force, naval schools. Subsequently, military schools were transformed into secondary military schools. To the beginning of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 in the Soviet Union there were 19 military academies, 203 secondary military schools, 7 higher naval schools and 10 military faculties at civilian higher educational institutions.

Major changes in the officer training system took place in the 1950s and 1960s. 20th century in connection with the emergence nuclear missile weapons and a new branch of the Armed Forces - the Rocket Forces strategic purpose(RVSN). Secondary military schools were transformed into higher ones with terms of study of 4 and 5 years.

The military education system of the Russian Federation

To military educational institutions vocational education The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include military academies, military universities, military institutes and higher military schools (Scheme 32). They are designed to train and improve the skills of command, engineering and special personnel for the Armed Forces.

The military educational institutions of vocational education indicated in Scheme 32 train highly qualified officer cadres with higher military and higher military special education. Many of these institutions are scientific centers for the development of problems in various branches of military science and technology.

Several dozens of military educational institutions function in the personnel training system for the Armed Forces (Scheme 32, Annex 3). The terms of study in most of them are 5 years.

In 2008, military training centers were established at some federal state educational institutions of higher professional education. These centers are new form preparation of citizens for military service under contract in officer positions. They train specialists in engineering, humanitarian and legal profiles. Rules for admission to military educational institutions of vocational education

Military educational institutions in accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Military Duty and Military Service" accept citizens of the Russian Federation who have a secondary (complete) general or secondary vocational education: those who have not completed military service at the age of 16 to 22; who have completed military service or who are conscripted for military service - until they reach the age of 24 years.

Admission to a military educational institution is carried out upon a personal application of a person who wants to enter it, which must be submitted before May 1 of the year of admission to the district (city) military commissariat at the place of residence.

The application must indicate: surname, name and patronymic, year and month of birth, address of the place of residence, name of the military educational institution (faculty) in which the applicant wishes to enter. The application must be accompanied by the documents specified in Scheme 33.

District (city) draft commissions until May 15 of the year of admission conduct a preliminary professional selection. On the time and place of arrival of candidates for admission, the heads of military educational institutions inform the candidate before June 30 of the year of admission to study through the military commissariats. Applicants prepare for the entrance exams on their own or on preparatory courses which are organized at most military educational institutions. Candidates who arrived at military educational institutions undergo a professional selection, which is carried out by the selection committee from July 5 to July 25 of the year of admission to study.

During the professional selection, candidates are checked for:

Health status;
military-professional orientation and physical fitness;
individual psychological qualities;
general education.

The state of health is checked by medical specialists: therapist, surgeon, neuropathologist, psychiatrist, ophthalmologist, otorhinolaryngologist, dentist, and, if necessary, doctors of other specialties.

Military professional orientation and individual psychological qualities are checked during the candidate's interview with professional selection specialists and during testing.

Physical fitness is assessed by the results of the exercises(running 3 km, pulling up on the bar, running 100 m, swimming 100 m).

General education of candidates is checked at entrance exams according to the approved list of subjects in order to determine the possibility of applicants to master the relevant professional educational programs.

Without checking general education, subject to compliance with all other requirements for professional selection, the following are enrolled:

Servicemen, including those who were transferred to the reserve, who did military service by conscription and at the same time performed tasks in the conditions of an armed conflict of a non-international character in the Chechen Republic and in the territories immediately adjacent to it North Caucasus assigned to the zone of armed conflict;
graduates of Suvorov military schools who were awarded a gold or silver medal "For Special Achievements in Teaching" (upon admission to all universities);
other graduates of Suvorov military schools (when entering universities that are not included in the list of military educational institutions, upon admission to which they must pass exams in general subjects, provided that they are sent to these universities in accordance with the plan for the distribution of candidates for admission to study to military educational institutions);
graduates of the Moscow Military Music School upon their admission to study at the Moscow Military Conservatory (Military Institute);
citizens who graduated with a gold or silver medal "For Special Achievement in Teaching" from state-accredited educational institutions of secondary (complete) general or primary vocational education, as well as citizens who graduated with honors from state-accredited educational institutions of secondary vocational education, with positive interview results (with the exception of entrance examinations of a professional orientation, which can be established by the university);
graduates of 11 classes of educational institutions of secondary (complete) general education, whose preparation was assessed by the results of the unified state exam, with positive results of the interview;
winners and prize-winners of the final stage of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren and members of the national teams of the Russian Federation participating in international Olympiads in general subjects and formed in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation for training in areas of training (specialties) corresponding to the profile of the Olympiad;
other citizens who, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, are exempted from testing knowledge in general subjects when entering universities. Out of competition, candidates who have successfully passed the professional selection from among:
orphans and children left without parental care, as well as persons under the age of 23 from among orphans and children left without parental care;
citizens under the age of 20 who have only one parent - a disabled person of the first group, if the average per capita income of the family is below the subsistence level established in the corresponding subject of the Russian Federation;
citizens dismissed from military service and entering universities on the recommendations of commanders of military units;
participants (veterans) of hostilities;
other citizens who, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, have been granted the right to non-competitive admission to institutions of higher professional education.

Candidates who showed equal results in the course of entrance examinations, from among:

Children of Heroes of the Russian Federation;
citizens discharged from military service;
children of servicemen performing military service under a contract and having a total duration of military service of 20 years or more;
children of citizens dismissed from military service upon reaching the age limit for military service, for health reasons or in connection with organizational and staff measures, total duration whose military service is 20 years or more;
children of servicemen who died in the performance of military service duties or died as a result of injury (wounds, injuries, contusions) or diseases received by them in the performance of military service duties;
other citizens who, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, have been granted a priority right when entering universities.

According to the competition, candidates are enrolled for the places remaining after the enrollment of persons who have the right to enter without checking general education and out of competition.

More detailed information on admission to military educational institutions can be obtained from the district (city) military commissariat at the place of residence.

Education in a military educational institution, assignment of an officer rank

Citizens enrolled to study at a military educational institution are assigned the military rank of cadet. Prior to concluding a contract for military service, a cadet has the legal status of a conscripted military serviceman. A contract for military service is concluded with a cadet upon reaching the age of 18, but not earlier than the end of the first course of study for the duration of study at an educational institution and five years of military service after graduation. The cadet enjoys the rights and freedoms established for citizens of the Russian Federation with restrictions determined by the conditions of study, and taking into account the current legislation. Every year, cadets are provided with a vacation of 30 days, as well as a two-week winter vacation vacation. Duration free education in military educational institutions is from 3 to 6 years.

The academic year in a military educational institution of vocational education is divided into two semesters, which end with an examination session. The time of classes in accordance with the schedule usually does not exceed 6 academic hours (45-50 minutes each) per day.

In addition, daily 3-4 hours are allocated for self-training. The main types of training sessions are lectures, seminars, practical exercises and trainings, exercises, internships, term papers, diploma and test papers, consultations and performance of independent tasks. The study of each discipline usually ends with an exam or a test.

Male military personnel expelled from educational institutions of military education for indiscipline, poor progress or unwillingness to study, if they have reached the age of 18 by the time of expulsion, as well as those who refused to enter into a contract for military service, who have not completed the established period of military service by conscription and do not have the right for dismissal, exemption or deferment from conscription, are sent for military service on conscription. The rest are sent to the military commissariats at the place of residence.

To eliminate the negative practice when young people, not wanting to do military service by conscription, enter military educational institutions of vocational education, not planning to link their lives with military service in the future, the law provides for the deduction from them of money spent on their training.

Citizens expelled from military educational institutions of vocational education or military training centers at federal state educational institutions of higher professional education for indiscipline, poor progress or unwillingness to study or who refused to enter into military service contracts, as well as citizens who graduated from these educational institutions and were dismissed from military service earlier than the term established by the contract for military service, in connection with the deprivation of their military knowledge, the entry into force of a court verdict on imposing a sentence of imprisonment on a serviceman or depriving him of the right to hold military positions for a certain period, reimburse the federal budget funds spent on their military or special training. These citizens do not reimburse the federal budget funds spent on ensuring that they perform military service duties during the period of study. The procedure for calculating the amount of reimbursed funds is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Graduated from military educational institutions vocational education receive a secondary or higher military special education and one of the prestigious civilian professions. They are given a diploma of education of the all-Russian sample and are assigned the military rank of lieutenant.

Questions

1. What military educational institutions of professional education are available in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation?

2. What is the age limit for civilian youth wishing to enroll in military schools?

3. What documents should those wishing to enter military educational institutions of vocational education draw up and where should they be submitted?

4. In what areas is the professional selection of candidates for admission to a military educational institution carried out?

6. Which of the candidates with positive marks in the exams can be enrolled to study out of competition?

7. When is a military service contract concluded with a cadet of a military educational institution?

International (peacekeeping) activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

The scale of modern military conflicts is often such that the countries on whose territory they occur experience great difficulties in eliminating them. In this regard, it becomes necessary to unite the forces of different states to resolve such conflicts. Peacekeeping activities of the states are carried out in accordance with paragraph 6 of the Charter of the United Nations "Observation missions" in order to coordinate the efforts of the world community in maintaining and strengthening peace.

International cooperation in the field of maintaining stability and peace- one of the most important directions in the foreign policy of the Russian Federation. Russia actively participates in international events to end military conflicts in various regions: Balkan Peninsula, in the Middle East, in the area Persian Gulf, Africa and the Commonwealth Independent States. It carries out this activity on the basis of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in accordance with federal constitutional laws, federal laws and laws of the Russian Federation, as well as with legal acts President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of defense.

The Federal Law "On Defense" establishes that international cooperation for the purposes of collective security and joint defense is one of the aspects of state defense. The same law defines the powers of officials, legislative and executive bodies states in this area.

The President of the Russian Federation is authorized to negotiate and sign international treaties on the participation of the Russian Armed Forces in peacekeeping operations and international security. The Federal Assembly decides on the possibility of using the army outside the territory of the Russian Federation. The Government of the Russian Federation conducts international negotiations on issues of military cooperation and concludes appropriate intergovernmental agreements. The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation cooperates with the military departments of foreign states.

In accordance with international treaties military formations of the Russian Armed Forces in zones of armed conflicts may be part of the joint armed forces or be under joint command. Conscripted military personnel may be sent to perform tasks in military conflicts exclusively on a voluntary basis (under contract).

For service in "hot" spots, additional social guarantees and compensations have been established for servicemen. They consist in the establishment of increased salaries for military rank and position, the provision of additional holidays, the offset of length of service in the ratio of one to two or three, the payment of an increased amount of daily or field money, the issuance of additional food rations, reimbursement of family members for travel expenses to the place of treatment soldier and vice versa.

International activity to prevent and eliminate all types of armed conflicts is a new component of Russia's foreign policy, in which there is no more space ideological complexes and the so-called class solidarity.

Questions and tasks

1. In which regions the globe Does Russia participate in international measures to end military conflicts?

2. Based on what documents does the Russian Federation carry out peacekeeping activities?

3. Under what conditions can conscripts be sent to the zone of military conflict?

4. What social guarantees and compensations are established for servicemen serving in "hot" spots?

Task 47

The guiding principle in the system of combat training of troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is the provision:

a) “What is useless in war is harmful to introduce into peaceful education”;
b) "Teach the troops what is needed in the war";
c) "The enlightenment of the mind is the most important part in the education of every military and non-military person."

Specify the correct answer.

Task 48

The physical fitness of applicants to military educational institutions is assessed by the results of the following exercises:

a) 1 km run;
b) 3 km run;
c) pull-ups on the crossbar;
d) flexion and extension of the arms in the prone position;
e) 60 m run;
f) 100 m run;
g) 100m swimming;
h) 50m swimming.

Indicate the correct answers.

Task 49

Your friend Y. graduated a year ago high school with a gold medal and works in the laboratory. He decided to enter a military educational institution and is studying at the preparatory courses at this institution. While studying in the 11th grade, he participated in the city Olympiad in physics and took second place. What benefits will he have upon admission to study?

Description of the presentation on individual slides:

1 slide

Description of the slide:

International (peacekeeping) activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

2 slide

Description of the slide:

Peacekeeping tasks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation One of the main tasks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is: participation in the maintenance (restoration) of international peace and security, taking measures to prevent (eliminate) threats to peace, suppress acts of aggression (violations of the peace) based on the decisions of the UN Security Council or other bodies, authorized to make decisions in accordance with international law Combating terrorism; Fighting piracy and ensuring the safety of navigation.

3 slide

Description of the slide:

Ways to carry out peacekeeping activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Independently; In cooperation with international organizations. To carry out international peacekeeping operations under a UN mandate or a CIS mandate, the Russian Federation provides military contingents in the manner prescribed by federal legislation and international treaties of the Russian Federation

4 slide

Description of the slide:

The international activity of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation today is inextricably linked with the implementation of military reform in our country and the reform of the Armed Forces. The starting point for reforming the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation was the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 16, 1997 "On priority measures to reform the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and improve their structure." On July 31, 1997, the President approved the Concept for the Development of the Armed Forces for the period up to the year 2000. The main goal of the military reform is to ensure the national interests of Russia, which in the defense sphere are to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state from military aggression from other states.

5 slide

Description of the slide:

Until the non-use of force has become a norm in international relations, the national interests of the Russian Federation require military power sufficient for its defense. In this regard, the most important task of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is to ensure nuclear deterrence in the interests of preventing both nuclear and conventional large-scale or regional war. The protection of the national interests of the state assumes that the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation must ensure reliable protection of the country. The interests of ensuring Russia's national security predetermine the need for Russia's military presence in some strategically important regions of the world.

6 slide

Description of the slide:

The main document that determined the creation of the peacekeeping forces of Russia, the principles of their use and the procedure for using them, is the Law of the Russian Federation "On the procedure for providing the Russian Federation with military and civilian personnel to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security" (adopted by the State Duma on May 26, 1995 .). To implement this law, in May 1996 the President of the Russian Federation signed Decree No. 637 “On the formation of a special military contingent of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security.”

7 slide

Description of the slide:

In accordance with this decree, a special military contingent was formed in the Armed Forces of Russia with a total number of 22 thousand people, consisting of 17 motorized rifle and 4 airborne battalions. In total, until May 1997, more than 10,000 servicemen from the peacekeeping units of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation carried out tasks to maintain peace and security in a number of regions - in the former Yugoslavia, Tajikistan, the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova, South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Georgia.

8 slide

Description of the slide:

Regions of peacekeeping missions of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Military contingent of 500 people in the conflict zone in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova (introduced on June 23, 1992); Military contingent of 500 people in the conflict zone in South Ossetia (Georgia) (introduced on July 9, 1992) In the conflict zone in Abkhazia, a military contingent of 1600 people (introduced on June 23, 1994); Since October 1993, the 201st motorized rifle division of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has been part of the Collective Peacekeeping Forces in the Republic of Tajikistan in accordance with the Treaty between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan. The total number of this contingent was more than 6 thousand people

9 slide

Description of the slide:

Since June 11, 1999, 3,600 Russian peacekeepers have been on the territory of the autonomous province of Kosovo (Yugoslavia); At present, the peacekeeping contingent performs the tasks of combating international terrorism and conducting humanitarian operations in Syria. The tasks of the international mission under the UN mandate in African countries(Angola, Somalia, Sierra Leone, etc.)

10 slide

Description of the slide:

The staffing of government bodies, military units and subdivisions of a special military contingent is carried out on a voluntary basis on a preliminary (competitive) selection of military personnel serving under a contract. The training and equipment of the peacekeeping forces are carried out at the expense of the federal budget funds allocated for defense.

11 slide

Description of the slide:

During the period of service as part of a special military contingent, military personnel enjoy the status, privileges and immunities that are granted to UN personnel in peacekeeping operations in accordance with the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations adopted by the UN General Assembly on February 13, 1996, the Convention on UN Security Council of December 9, 1994, Protocol on the Status of Military Observer Groups and Collective Peacekeeping Forces in the CIS of May 15, 1992.

12 slide

Description of the slide:

The personnel of the special military contingent is equipped with small arms. When performing tasks on the territory of the CIS countries, personnel are provided with all types of allowances in accordance with the standards established in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Training and education of the military personnel of the peacekeeping contingent is carried out at the bases of a number of formations of the Central and Western military districts, as well as at the Higher Officer Courses "Shot" in the city of Solnechnogorsk (Moscow Region). The CIS member states have concluded an Agreement on the training and education of military and civilian personnel for participation in collective peacekeeping operations, determined the procedure for training and education, and approved training programs for all categories of military and civilian personnel assigned to collective peacekeeping forces.

At the end of the twentieth century, as a result of the end of " cold war"and the collapse of the socialist bloc, a radical change took place in the existing balance of forces and spheres of influence, the process of active disintegration of multinational states began, there were tendencies to revise the established post-war borders. The United Nations (UN) is constantly involved in resolving numerous disputes and conflicts in various regions of the world.

Quite large military contingents of UN forces, called "peacekeeping forces" (MSF), have taken and are taking part in a number of missions.

After the collapse of the USSR, the Russian Federation, as its legal successor, continued to participate in a number of UN peacekeeping missions. Russian representatives were part of five groups of UN military observers that were part of the peacekeeping forces: in the Middle East (in Egypt, Israel, Syria, Lebanon; on the Iraqi-Kuwait border); in Western Sahara, Cambodia, Yugoslavia. Later, Russian observers began to be sent to Angola and a number of other countries and regions.

In April 1992, for the first time in the history of Russia's peacekeeping activities, on the basis of a UN Security Council resolution and a Decree of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation in former Yugoslavia The Russian 554th Separate UN Battalion was sent. Russian peacekeepers adequately represented our Armed Forces and made a significant contribution to the first peacekeeping operation in the Balkans, which took place in 1992-1995.

A continuation was the second UN peacekeeping operation in April 1995. Another Russian military unit- 629th Separate UN Battalion. For two years, this military contingent was in Sarajevo.

The international peacekeeping operation in Bosnia, which began with the creation of the Implementation Force (IFOR) in 1996, later replaced by the Stabilization Force (SFOR), went down in history as an example of the successful actions of the world community to end the armed conflict. The Russian separate airborne brigade peacekeeping forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was formed in accordance with the Decree of the President of Russia and the directive of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of November 11, 1995.

Since 1992, Russia has been actively involved in the peacekeeping process on the territory of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Russian military personnel perform peacekeeping functions, both as part of the UN troops and as part of the Collective Peacekeeping Forces (CPFM) or independently in the former republics of the Soviet Union.

Conflict in Transnistria . Transnistria is a strip of land in the east of Moldova along the Dniester River. Until 1940, the border ran along the river: the lands to the west were called Bessarabia and belonged to Romania, and Transnistria was part of the Soviet Union. After joining Soviet troops In Bessarabia, the Moldavian SSR was formed. Already in our time, when Moldova, like other Soviet republics, withdrew from the Union, the Pridnestrovians in Tiraspol announced that they were separating from Moldova, based on the fact that the majority of the inhabitants of this territory were Russians and Ukrainians, and in 1940 they were forcibly united with Moldovans. The Chisinau authorities tried to restore the integrity of the republic by force. An armed conflict began. Active hostilities were conducted in the spring of 1992. On July 21, 1992, the Russian-Moldovan agreement "On the principles of the peaceful settlement of the armed conflict in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova" was signed. In accordance with it, a Russian peacekeeping contingent consisting of 6 battalions was introduced into the conflict zone to monitor compliance with the terms of the truce and help maintain law and order.

At the end of 1996, due to the stabilization of the situation, the total number of Russian peacekeeping forces in the region decreased to 2 battalions.

Russia's purposeful and coordinated actions to resolve the conflict situation in Transnistria led to stabilization and control over the development of the situation in the region. The result of the peacekeepers' actions over a five-year period: more than 12,000 defused explosive ordnances, about 70,000 confiscated items of ammunition. Local residents, heads of self-government bodies, enterprises and organizations of Pridnestrovie and Moldova as a whole provided great assistance to the "blue helmets" in ensuring their livelihoods. Thanks to joint efforts, the situation in the security zone remains manageable and controlled at the present time. The final withdrawal of Russian troops from the region will be determined in the course of further negotiations and in close connection with the political settlement of the Transnistrian conflict.

Conflict in South Ossetia began in 1989, the most acute phase occurred at the end of 1991 - the beginning of 1992. It affected not only Georgia, but also Russia in the most direct way. The arrival of tens of thousands of refugees from the south laid a heavy burden on the North Ossetian Republic. Many of them were settled on the lands from which the Ingush were once deported. At the same time, a movement arose among the Ossetians for the creation of a single Ossetian state, independent or part of the Russian Federation, which could further complicate the situation on both sides of the Greater Caucasian ridge.

The conflict situation in South Ossetia developed as follows. On June 24, 1992, in Dagomys, it was possible to conclude a trilateral agreement on a ceasefire and the dispatch of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces to the conflict area to monitor the ceasefire, the withdrawal of armed formations, the disbandment of the self-defense forces and the provision of a security regime in the zone of control. The Russian contingent of these forces (500 people) was approximately equal in number to the Georgian and Ossetian battalions (450 people each). Joint peacekeeping forces in the zone of the Georgian-South Ossetian conflict are taking measures to prevent and suppress armed clashes and separate the conflicting parties.

After new President M. Saakashvili came to power in Georgia, the situation around South Ossetia escalated again, as the Georgian leadership is increasingly inclined towards a military solution to the problem of the unrecognized republic. The region remains in a difficult situation. The fragile stability in South Ossetia is maintained only thanks to the presence of Russian peacekeeping forces. In the event of their withdrawal, the situation can instantly spiral out of control.

Conflict in Abkhazia . In Abkhazia, the armed conflict between August and December 1992 alone claimed 2,000 lives. For Russia, we are talking about the fate of tens of thousands of ethnic Russians, of whom in Abkhazia in peacetime there were about the same number as Abkhazians (100 thousand). We are also talking about the situation of the units of the Russian army that found themselves in the conflict zone.

In the context of deep mistrust between the parties, the implementation of any peace plan requires the presence of peacekeeping forces. The situation in the conflict zone required immediate action, but the repeated appeals of the conflicting parties and Russia to the UN about the need for an immediate decision by the Security Council to conduct a peacekeeping operation only led to the dispatch of a UN mission to Georgia. In this regard, in June 1994, military units of the Collective Peacekeeping Forces were introduced into the conflict zone.

The core of these forces were Russian units with a total strength of more than 1800 people, introduced on June 13, 1994 on the basis of a decision of the Council of CIS Heads of State. They were tasked with blocking the conflict area, monitoring the withdrawal of troops and their disarmament, protecting important facilities and communications, escorting humanitarian cargo, etc. Legal basis the Georgian-Abkhaz Agreement on a Ceasefire and Disengagement of Forces dated May 14, 1994, was the placement of the KPKF in the conflict zone. It must be emphasized that the Agreement refers to the CIS peacekeeping forces. However, not a single state determined the form and extent of its participation in the operation, and in reality only the military contingent of Russia was involved in the composition of the forces.

During the performance of peacekeeping tasks by a special military contingent of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the zone Georgian-Abkhazian conflict a lot of work has been done to prevent the escalation of the armed conflict, to partially clear the area, to assist the local population in establishing life and life after the end of hostilities.

At the same time, the Russian servicemen had to act in conditions when the parties, instead of seeking a political compromise, tried to raise more high level confrontation and distrust between neighboring peoples. There was no supervising body over the opposing sides.

The situation around the Abkhazian problem escalated after the adoption on January 19, 1996 by the Council of CIS Heads of State of the decision “On measures to resolve the conflict in Abkhazia”, which prescribed some restrictions on economic and other ties between the CIS member states and Abkhazia. The situation was complicated by the increasingly obvious desire of the Georgian leadership to solve the Abkhaz problem by force. In particular, the Georgian parliament essentially demanded in an ultimatum form to change the mandate of the Collective Peacekeeping Forces in Abkhazia, to give them police, coercive functions.

Russia during peacekeeping mission in Georgia sought to strictly follow the three main principles of peacekeeping: impartiality, neutrality, openness; supported the Georgian leadership on the issue of the territorial integrity of Georgia; actively involved the member states of the CIS, the UN and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) in the Abkhazian settlement, while continuing the peacekeeping operation in the conflict zone.

In March 1997, the Council of the CIS Heads of State gave a positive assessment of the activities of the Collective Peacekeeping Forces in Abkhazia, while noting important role carried out by the peacekeepers "in stabilizing the situation, creating conditions for the security of refugees and promoting an early resolution of the conflict." At the same time, it was emphasized that about 80% of the population on both banks of the Inguri consider peacekeepers the only guarantor of peace, tranquility and stability in the region.

However, in mid-1997 the situation in Abkhazia escalated again. It also partially affected the Russian peacekeepers, whose regular mandate expired on July 31, 1997. Each of the conflicting parties began to “in its own way” assess the prospects for their activities and final withdrawal (if there is a decision of the Council of CIS Heads of State). Official Tbilisi's refusal to sign the protocol on the Georgian-Abkhazian settlement already agreed upon through Russia's mediation only increased the tension. Soon, the leader of Georgia, E. Shevardnadze, spoke about the need to conduct a peacekeeping operation in Abkhazia according to the so-called Bosnian (Dayton) version, based not on peacekeeping, but on coercion to it. But the world community did not support such initiatives.

As for the position of the other side, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Abkhazia sees the Russian peacekeeping forces as the main stabilizing factor in the conflict zone. The presence of the Russian peacekeeping forces, the Abkhazian diplomats emphasize, creates favorable conditions for advancing the negotiation process for a full-scale settlement. Only thanks to the stabilization of the situation in the security zone controlled by the KPKF, about 70 thousand refugees returned to the Gali district of Abkhazia. And the Abkhaz side does not intend to change the Russians for anyone else.

Conflict in Tajikistan . The armed conflict in the country developed in the most dramatic way and acquired very violent forms. According to various estimates, the death toll during the civil war in this country ranged from 20 thousand to 40 thousand people. About 350,000 were forced to leave their homes, of which about 60,000 fled to Afghanistan.

The leaders of the Central Asian states (primarily Uzbekistan) and the Russian military have taken seriously the threat of Islamic extremism hanging over Tajikistan. In accordance with the agreement of the Council of Heads of State of the CIS dated September 24, 1993, special coalition peacekeeping forces of the CIS were created, which included the 201st motorized rifle division of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and units (from a separate company to a battalion) from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. The following tasks were assigned to the collective peacekeeping forces: assistance in normalizing the situation on the Tajik-Afghan border in order to stabilize general situation in the country and creating conditions for a dialogue between all parties on ways to politically resolve the conflict; ensuring the delivery, protection and distribution of emergency and other humanitarian aid; creation of conditions for the safe return of refugees to their places of permanent residence and the protection of national economic and other vital facilities. At the end of 1996, the grouping of troops in Tajikistan also included a group of border troops of the FSB of Russia and the national border service of Tajikistan.

The use of MS in Tajikistan has become a very painful problem for Russia due to the fact that stationed in this state Russian troops(their number is the largest in the CIS), on the one hand, they began to act as a guarantor of the existing power in Dushanbe, and on the other hand, to protect the borders of Tajikistan and at the same time the entire Central Asian region. Nowhere do peacekeeping forces guard the borders of the state in which they are directly located. In Tajikistan, actions to resolve conflicts are associated with the intervention of neighboring states, so the protection of the borders of this state is involuntarily necessary measure. In many ways, the containment of bandit formations occurs due to the construction of defensive structures, mining of the area and the use of weapons. In the event of an attack, the border guards are assisted by units of the 201st division, with which issues of interaction have been worked out in detail.

For all the understandable difficulties in the economies of the Central Asian states, the danger of the spread of Islamic extremism makes the governments of these countries view Russia's efforts as meeting their national interests. It is also characteristic that with respect to the Taliban movement in Afghanistan, almost all the leaders of the Central Asian republics expressed a negative assessment, seeing it as one of the manifestations of Islamic extremism and a threat to stability in the region, in particular, in connection with the real possibility of the Taliban government supporting the radical Tajik opposition earlier. . At the same time, the need for a more active search for ways to resolve the Tajik conflict with the involvement of moderate Tajik opposition circles is emphasized. Certain steps are being taken in this direction. In particular, the Russian government continues to implement measures aimed at resolving the conflict in order to create conditions for dialogue between the government and representatives of the moderate opposition, while isolating the foreign-funded extremist camp, attracting representatives of the Muslim clergy, partners in the CIS, directly affected by the crisis, - Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan.

Of particular concern among the leaders of the CIS and the command of the peacekeeping forces is not only the general instability in the region, but also the problem of the drug business. Russian peacekeepers are actively fighting against drug smuggling from Afghanistan to Russian territory. In recent years, the amount of potion being shipped across the southern borders has increased many times over. Therefore, it is still premature to talk about reducing the role of peacekeeping forces in the region.

Thus, the Collective Forces act in the interests of national security not only of Tajikistan, but of the entire Central Asian region. Their activities in Tajikistan represent the first and very valuable experience of the actions of the coalition forces to localize the civil war that claimed tens of thousands of lives. Peacekeepers are also dying. For example, in just five months in 1997, 12 Russian servicemen were killed in the republic.

Over time, the form of the Russian military presence in Tajikistan will change. At present, within the framework of the 1999 agreement between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Russian Federation, a Russian military base has been established on the basis of the 201st motorized rifle division.

However, complete peace in the republic is still far away.

In addition to purely peacekeeping functions, outside the Russian Federation, the Armed Forces, together with the troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, had to carry out the tasks of maintaining law and order and disengaging the conflicting parties directly on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Ossetian-Ingush conflict . The armed conflict in the Prigorodny district of Vladikavkaz in October-November 1992 was an almost inevitable consequence of the processes that began in the late 1980s. and accelerated sharply with the collapse of the USSR. Ethnic confrontation between local Ossetians, Ossetians - refugees from South Ossetia and Ingush resettled from Chechnya escalated into an armed conflict. At the same time, the actions of the army during the conflict are assessed more positively than negatively. At the same time, the facts testify to the insufficient ability of the leadership in the center and in the field to control the situation. The lack of clear and timely political decisions forced the command of the 42nd Army Corps stationed in this region to make independent decisions to curb the illegal actions of extremists.

To stop the bloodshed and maintain law and order on the territory of North Ossetia and Ingushetia, a consolidated military group of about 14 thousand people was formed (March 1994) from the troops of the North Caucasian Military District and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

Despite some reduction in conflict in the region, tensions still existed. This required the immediate intervention of the center in the summer of 1997. Consultations were held with the leaders of the republics, a special working group was created within the framework of the Security Council of the Russian Federation to resolve the situation, a decree was prepared on priority measures to normalize the situation in the Prigorodny district, and a number of steps were taken to "religious reconciliation" in the republics. The conflict is localized. An attempt by international terrorism to blow up the peace in the region - an attack on a school and a hostage-taking in the North Ossetian city of Beslan in September 2004 - was not successful as a result of decisive actions by Moscow.

chief a positive result entry of peacekeeping contingents of the Russian Federation into areas of conflict in most cases are the separation of the warring parties, the cessation of bloodshed and unrest, the exercise of control over the disarmament of the warring parties, the restoration normal life peaceful people. As a result, favorable conditions were created for resolving disputed issues by peaceful means, through negotiations.

Introduction

The nature of international relations depends on many different factors, one of which is the international activity of the Armed Forces. The main purpose of this activity is to ensure the national interests of Russia, which in the defense sphere are to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state from military aggression from other states.

The protection of the country's national interests presupposes both reliable security of citizens and independent peacekeeping activities in order to avoid conflicts, if necessary, being present in strategically important parts of the world.

At the moment, the Armed Forces are the last resort used in cases where a military threat could not be avoided by peaceful means, since there is constant tension in relations between the leading powers in the world.

International (peacekeeping) activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

armed forces russian federation

The international activity of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation today is inextricably linked with the implementation of military reform in our country and the reform of the Armed Forces.

As is known, the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 16, 1997 "On priority measures to reform the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and improve their structure" became the starting point for the beginning of the reform of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. On July 31, 1997, the President approved the Concept for the Construction of the Armed Forces for the period up to the year 2000.

The military reform is based on a solid theoretical base, the results of the calculations, taking into account the changes that took place in the early 1990s. in the geopolitical situation in the world, the nature of international relations and the changes that have taken place in Russia itself. The main goal of the military reform is to ensure the national interests of Russia, which in the defense sphere are to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state from military aggression from other states.

Currently, to prevent war and armed conflicts in the Russian Federation, preference is given to political, economic and other non-military means. At the same time, it is taken into account that, while the non-use of force has not yet become the norm of international relations, the national interests of the Russian Federation require military power sufficient for its defense.

In this regard, the most important task of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is to ensure nuclear deterrence in the interests of preventing both nuclear and conventional large-scale or regional war.

The protection of the national interests of the state assumes that the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation must ensure reliable protection of the country. At the same time, the Armed Forces must ensure that the Russian Federation carries out peacekeeping activities both independently and as part of international organizations. The interests of ensuring Russia's national security predetermine the need for Russia's military presence in some strategically important regions of the world.

The long-term goals of ensuring Russia's national security also determine the need for Russia's broad participation in peacekeeping operations. The implementation of such operations is aimed at preventing or eliminating crisis situations at the stage of their inception.

Thus, at present, the leadership of the country considers the Armed Forces as a factor of deterrence, as a last resort used in cases where the use of peaceful means has not led to the elimination of a military threat to the interests of the country.

The main document that determined the creation of the peacekeeping forces of Russia, the principles of their use and the procedure for using them, is the Law of the Russian Federation "On the procedure for providing the Russian Federation with military and civilian personnel to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security" (adopted by the State Duma on May 26, 1995 .).

To implement this law, in May 1996 the President of the Russian Federation signed Decree No. 637 “On the formation of a special military contingent of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security.”