How many years has the Unified State Exam existed? History of the creation of the Unified State Exam. Minimum and passing scores

Despite the ambiguous attitude towards mandatory state exams among school graduates and their parents, cancellation of the Unified State Exam You definitely shouldn’t expect it in 2019. Judging by the trend that took place in 2017 and 2018, students will have to prepare even more efficiently for final tests and begin preparation not at the beginning of 11th grade, but much earlier.

If in the 2018-2019 academic year you have to graduate from school and choose a university, we strongly recommend that you become interested in such questions as:

Required subjects

Although today it is too early to talk about any final decisions regarding the final tests that should take place in the 2018-2019 academic year, employees of the Ministry of Education and Science are still ready to slightly lift the veil of secrecy. We managed to find out that in 2019 the Unified State Examination will definitely have new compulsory subjects.

The total number of compulsory subjects has not yet been determined. A team of specialists is working on this, weighing all the pros and cons of introducing new tests in certain subjects.

For compulsory subjects (basic or specialized mathematics and Russian language) history will definitely be added in 2019. The Ministry of Education and Science emphasizes that every citizen should know the history of his country and be able to distinguish historical facts from profanities and fakes, which in recent years have begun to appear more and more often against the backdrop of confrontation between countries in the information field.

As an elective subject, graduates will be able to choose:

• social science;
• physics;
• chemistry;
• computer science;
• foreign language;
• geography;
• biology;
• literature.

The list of foreign languages ​​available for testing will include: English, German, French, Spanish and Chinese.

As before, tests for future applicants will begin at the beginning of winter with the writing of the December essay, which has already become a traditional start to the graduation campaign.

Thus, today, while studying in the 10th grade, future graduates must decide in which direction they would like to continue their studies and decide how many and what subjects they need to pass for this at the Unified State Exam in 2019.

Innovations and changes in the Unified State Exam 2019

If you believe Vasilyeva’s promises, there will be no fundamental changes in the 2018-2019 season. The innovations introduced in 2017 and 2018 have proven themselves to be excellent, and therefore will remain in the new exam cards.

The following important changes are expected:

1. Mandatory oral part in the Unified State Examination in the Russian language (the exam will be divided into two days).
2. Development of new CMMs in literature, focused on revealing the creative potential of the examinee.
3. Adding so-called “integrated problems” to mathematics tickets, for solving which students will need to accumulate knowledge from different areas of algebra and geometry.
4. The computer science exam will be held only using a PC (without the “paper” part).
5. Tightening of rules aimed at ensuring the reliability of the results obtained.

Perhaps for schoolchildren who did not approach the study of individual subjects responsibly enough and realized their lack of knowledge only after entering the 11th grade, information about how many subjects they will have to take for the Unified State Exam in 2019 will be frightening. But, the purpose of such innovations is to provide competitive universities in the country with students who have the necessary amount of knowledge.

For more information about the innovations expected in the Unified State Exam, see the interview with Olga Vasilyeva.

Unified State Exam calendar for 2019

According to the approved schedule of the Unified State Exam, December essay graduates 2018-2019 school year will write on the following dates:

• main session - 05.12.18;
• 1st retake - 02/06/19;
• 2nd retake - 05/08/19.

The early period will take place from 03/20/19 to 04/10/19 according to the established schedule:

The calendar for the main session of the Unified State Exam in 2019 will be as follows:

In September, graduates will be able to retake only compulsory subjects. The retake schedule will be as follows:

Minimum and passing scores

Carrying out Unified State Exam assignments, the graduate collects test scores, which are converted into final results on a certain scale. It is not yet known whether there will be changes in the 2019 table. But, with a high degree of probability, it can be argued that the system of minimum and passing score.

• Minimum score– a necessary condition for obtaining an education document. It is not difficult to achieve the minimum score in subjects. To do this, it is enough to master theory and practice at a basic level.
• Passing score– a necessary condition for entry into the university chosen by the graduate. You should look for information about passing scores for a specific specialty at the university of interest on the official website of the educational institution.

Retake

From good news we can highlight the fact that in 2019 it will be possible to retake not only compulsory subjects, but also any Unified State Examination. But, only one!

For graduates of previous years who received an unsatisfactory result, as well as for those who “failed” more than 1 subject or were found to have violated discipline, there will be no retakes.

If a graduate was unable to appear on the test day for a valid reason (documented), he will receive 2 more attempts.

• on the reserve day of the session;
• during the fall session.

Since the Unified State Examination certificate remains valid for 4 years, the autumn retake opens up for the graduate the prospect of entering a university next year, or even in 2019-2020 in faculties that have a shortage of students.

Preparation

By reading our article today, you are in time to think about preparing for the final tests that await you in 11th grade.

Experienced teachers, who have years of effective preparation of graduates to pass the Unified State Exam, recommend reaching the intended goal using the following algorithm:

1. Determine which faculty you would like to enroll in.
2. Find out what compulsory subjects (Unified State Examination certificates) the university requires from applicants in 2019.
3. Find out what changes are expected in 2019 in the main subjects of the Unified State Exam (the official FIPI website will help with this).
4. Step by step repeat all the topics of the school course in subjects, practicing solving test tickets for 2018 and 2019.
5. Attend preparation courses for the Unified State Exam or contact a tutor.

Unfortunately, practice shows that simply good knowledge of the subject is not enough to successfully pass the Unified State Exam. Problem solving practice required certain type. By gaining experience in solving Unified State Exam questions while preparing for exams, students form a strategy for completing tasks and gain confidence in their own abilities, which is an indispensable assistant in achieving success.

Subscribe to our updates or join our groups on in social networks and you will not miss important changes and the latest news about what 11th grade students should expect at the Unified State Exam in 2019.

We also suggest watching a video of the All-Russian meeting of the head of Rosobrnadzor with parents, at which issues important for future graduates were raised.

The first analogue of the Unified State Exam was introduced in France in the 60s. The French colonies in Africa gained independence, and the country began to have a lot of immigrants from Africa. Their level of education was extremely low, but, nevertheless, the children of immigrants needed to study, and the French authorities met them halfway by greatly simplifying the exam system. Test surveys were introduced, and the final exam was combined with the entrance exam to the university.

Very soon, numerous demonstrations and protests began in France: the people did not accept the new system, believing that it would lead to the “dumbing down” of the nation. The confrontation did not last long: after three years, the government, having assessed the results of the new policy, abandoned the innovations.

However, such a system has taken root quite successfully in America. It is less expensive and very convenient. Now the idea of ​​“2 exams in 1” has started to become widespread all over the world.

Unified State Exam in Russia

The first prototypes of the Unified State Exam began to appear in Russia in 1997. Some schools began conducting experiments on voluntary testing of graduates.

The author of the idea of ​​the Unified State Exam in Russia was Vladimir Filippov, who headed the Ministry of Education from 1998 to 2004. It was he who began a large-scale reform of domestic education: Russia’s accession to the Bologna process with the division of higher education into bachelor’s and master’s degrees, and the creation of new educational standards. One of the necessary conditions for this process was the introduction of new ways to assess the knowledge of schoolchildren.

The Unified State Exam was supposed to eliminate corruption in schools and universities and provide an effective test of graduates’ knowledge (the standard five-point scale has not been able to cope with this task for a long time). That is why a test form was chosen, with which an impartial machine works. In addition, the state exam had to do higher education truly accessible to children from the regions.

“You can enter all elite and most other universities only through tutoring at a given university, or through paid courses at it, or through targeted admission, which they implement, or through “contractual” schools that Moscow and St. Petersburg universities have.” , Filippov asserted.

Created in 1999 Federal Center testing by the Ministry of Education and Science. Objective: development of a testing system in the country, as well as monitoring the quality of knowledge of students in Russian educational institutions.

Under the leadership of the director of the center, Vladimir Khlebnikov, the idea, technology and methodology for conducting the Unified State Exam were developed, as well as its software and scaling of test results. At the same time, the basis for compiling KIMs was formed, and issues of coordinating information and technological support for the exam were resolved.

In 2000, the order of the Government of the Russian Federation outlined a new plan for the development of education: “The phased transition to normative per capita financing of higher professional education provides for the development of technology for conducting the Unified State Final Exam and its subsequent legislative consolidation.”

The implementation of the new plan began almost immediately. However, it was impossible to foresee all possible obstacles and pitfalls in advance. The Unified State Exam has undergone many changes during its existence. Its development was carried out in several conventional stages.

Stage 2001-2003

The experiment on introducing the Unified State Exam was launched by two resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation:
• “On the organization of an experiment on the introduction of a unified state exam” dated February 16, 2001
• “On the participation of educational institutions of secondary vocational education in the experiment on the introduction of a unified state exam” dated April 5, 2002.

Experimental regions were selected where the Unified State Exam was held for the first time in eight subjects: the Republic of Chuvashia, Mari El, Yakutia, Samara and Rostov region. More than 30 thousand people took part and about 50 state universities in eight academic disciplines.

Before the start of the experiment, a large-scale campaign was launched to support the unified state exam. First of all, active work was carried out to inform the population through the media, conferences and trainings were held for teachers, special classes in schools. At the same time, a powerful anti-corruption movement began throughout the entire education system.

The specific list of subjects for which the Unified State Exam was held in 2001-2008 was established by each region independently.

In 2002, the experiment to introduce a unified state exam took place in 16 regions of the country. It was taken by graduates of 8,400 schools; admission based on grades obtained on the Unified State Exam was carried out in 117 universities.

In 2003, 47 regions took part in the experiment, and in 11 of them, graduates took the Unified State Exam in all nine subjects of the school curriculum. The exam was conducted by 18.5 thousand Russian schools.

The number of universities that recruited students based on exam results increased significantly - to 245. The experiment included including, and some medical educational establishments, as well as universities that train specialists in the field of culture and sports.

In short, the Unified State Exam was spreading very actively throughout the country. Already in 2004 - maximum in 2005 - the experiment was considered successful and they planned to make it mandatory.

results

However, not everything was smooth sailing.

Voices of protest against the introduction of the Unified State Exam were loud. Many scientific and cultural figures, teachers, schoolchildren, and their parents were dissatisfied. They pointed out the main shortcomings of the Unified State Examination. It was argued that testing, in principle, is not capable of revealing the level of knowledge, and the learning process turns into “training” for an exam. Also, many spoke about the exorbitant complexity of tasks for schoolchildren, and the general increase in the load on students.

According to many, this form of certification lacked an individual approach to students and did not take into account the difference in their learning conditions.

In addition, many prestigious (and not so prestigious) universities did not take into account the results of the Unified State Exam, so graduates had to endure a double load of exams.

Based on the results of the trial Unified State Examination, it was concluded that the regulatory framework requires significant improvements and modifications. A lot of problems arose with the work of examination commissions, filing appeals, and enrollment in universities.

In addition, problems were identified with the organization of the exam, both with the order of the procedure itself, and with the delivery and processing of results. But the questions and tasks of the Unified State Exam (USE) caused the most criticism.

Stage 2004-2006

Innovations

The task was set: within three years to solve the main Unified State Exam problem- reducing the burden on graduates by completely combining final and entrance exams. To achieve this, the number of universities accepting applicants based on the results of the Unified State Exam was significantly increased.

In 2004, 65 regions of Russia took the exam, the number of universities and colleges increased to 946 and 1,530, respectively. The number of general education subjects in which the Unified State Exam was taken has increased. In 2006, 950 thousand schoolchildren in 79 regions of Russia took the Unified State Exam.

Since 2004, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation has taken part in an experiment to enroll cadets in the first courses of military universities based on the results of passing the Unified State Exam, and in 2005 introduced the State Final Certification in new form(GIA) for graduates of the Suvorov military, Nakhimov naval schools and cadet corps.

An important improvement was the possibility of correspondence admission of graduates to several universities at the same time. Moreover, it was possible to send documents to an unlimited number of educational institutions (from those that counted the results of the Unified State Exam). Funding for the project has increased even more. The procedure for conducting the Unified State Exam has been significantly improved.

Testing for graduates began to be carried out in two stages: immediately after graduation (in May-June) and a month later. This was introduced so that schoolchildren still have enough strength for the exam, as well as time to send their results to more educational institutions.

results

Of all the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, only the Nizhny Novgorod region categorically refused to participate in the Unified State Exam experiment. Residents of Nizhny Novgorod explained this by saying that the Unified State Examination is incorrect in its essence, and their exam will be held only after the relevant government decisions in the normal mode, when it is legalized.

By 2005, it was not possible to complete the experiment, and it was decided to make the Unified State Exam mandatory by 2008. A decree was issued: to complete as soon as possible the project of the Government of the Russian Federation “On the phased introduction of a unified state exam in the territory of Russian Federation", as well as to determine approaches to creating an all-Russian system for assessing the quality of education.

However, there was serious problem with the introduction of the Unified State Exam in creative universities. The rectors of the largest educational institutions categorically spoke out against the introduction of the Unified State Exam. True, the state exam was not canceled creative competition, and applicants continued to take these disciplines in the same order. However, the main general education subjects (Russian language, literature, mathematics) in most creative universities were already counted according to the Unified State Examination results. The most dramatic changes have taken place in the capital: the Moscow Department of Education has obliged all educational institutions related to the arts to allocate 50% of specialties for applicants admitted based on the results of the Unified State Exam. Literally only a few were able to bypass this decision.

However, despite the apparent success of the Unified State Exam, discontent still did not subside. To the old problems, another one has been added: the discrepancy between the requirements of the Unified State Exam and school curriculum.

The main opponent of the introduction of the Unified State Exam, the rector of Moscow State University Viktor Sadovnichy, called the state exam “a forge of mediocrity.” His point of view was shared by almost all rectors of large universities in Russia. But then Vladimir Putin in his message Federal Assembly clearly spoke out on the importance of a transparent procedure for state testing of knowledge, meaning by this specifically the Unified State Exam.

Stage 2007-2009

Innovations

In 2007, the Federal Law “On Amendments to the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”, the Federal Law “On Higher and Postgraduate Education” was adopted. vocational education" and Art. 2 of the Federal Law “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with Improving the Separation of Powers.”

Until 2009, the procedure for conducting the Unified State Exam remained the same. The Regulations on the Unified State Examination, approved by order of the Ministry of Education seven years ago, continued to be in full force. The new amendments established in Russia until January 1, 2009 a transition period for the introduction of the Unified State Exam in full throughout Russia. They contained significant changes during the Unified State Exam.

First of all, school medals and SVE diplomas with honors lost their validity, and their holders were deprived of benefits: now they had to take the Unified State Exam under general conditions. However, the total number of beneficiaries increased significantly: outside the competition, subject to successful passing of the exam, not only orphans and children left without parental care, persons under the age of 23 (as previously decided), but also children of military personnel could enter universities. killed in the line of duty military service or when participating in counter-terrorism operations. In addition, without entrance examinations they received the right to enter Olympic champions, Paralympic and Deaflympic Games for training in areas of training (specialties) in the field of physical education and sports.

Also, the Federal Law of February 9, 2007 significantly expanded the number of Olympiads, according to the results of which a school graduate can be admitted to a higher educational institution with a minimum score on the Unified State Exam. From now on, their list will be approved annually by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.

Also, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, together with Rosobrnadzor, began the active development of additional legal acts regulating the issues of conducting the Unified State Examination and State Examination among graduates.

A specific deadline was set: by April 1, all colleges and universities must announce a list of specialties and forms of study for which admission was announced based on the results of the Unified State Examination, and a list of entrance tests. And on May 1, the admission rules should be fully published.

In 2008, over a million students in all regions took the Unified State Exam. The number of subjects of the Russian Federation where the Unified State Exam was held increased to 92 regions, and 1,650 universities and 2,000 colleges began accepting students based on the exam results.

On January 1, 2009, amendments to the laws “On Education” and “On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education” came into force, which declared the Unified State Examination mandatory for all graduates, regardless of whether they intend to continue their studies at a university or not. The state exam has also become mandatory for foreign citizens, stateless persons, refugees and internally displaced persons studying in Russian schools.

The Unified State Exam 2009 has been significantly transformed. In addition to the above points, other changes have been introduced. First of all, he began to play main role upon admission to university. The results of passing the Unified State Examination at school began to be counted as entrance exams at the same time.

To receive a certificate, schoolchildren had to pass only two compulsory exams - in the Russian language and mathematics, and to enter a university - four. Additional exams were determined depending on the university’s admission requirements, however, the results of entrance tests in the Russian language were mandatory for admission to all specialties.

Some universities (namely 24) have received permission from the government to conduct their own additional tests for some specialties. Additional tests were organized in creative and professional specialties that require special creative, physical or psychological qualities.

Also, each university is now required to set its own passing threshold before accepting applications. This is necessary in order to make it easier for those applicants whose scores are not high enough to choose an educational institution.

Documents for admission to a university could now be sent by mail, which made it much easier for graduates to enroll.

Obtaining admission to the Unified State Examination has become more difficult: now it is not enough to simply complete 11th grade - it was necessary to write a final test in mathematics and an essay in the Russian language with a positive grade.

The points received in the state exam no longer affect the final grades that are included in the certificate. However, if a graduate passes both mandatory exams unsatisfactorily, he is issued a certificate of study at the school, and is given the right to retake the exam only after a year.

The problem with recalculation and scaling of Unified State Exam results has been resolved: the conversion of points into grades has been cancelled. Now a graduate, upon graduating from school, received a separate certificate of passing the Unified State Exam and certificate. Unified State Examination results are valid until December 31 of the year following the passing of the exam.

results

The admissions campaign, which usually ran smoothly until the end of July, in 2009 ended only at the beginning of the school year. The main problem was the ability to apply to an unlimited number of universities and three “waves” of admission. Because of this, huge confusion and many scandals arose.

Difficulties also arose due to the fact that many applicants could not pick up the original documents for admission to the chosen university, since they had already been enrolled in another.

A lot of discontent arose due to the “influx” of applicants from the preferential category. The first list of state employees consisted almost entirely of applicants entering without competition. As a result, people with high Unified State Exam scores were faced with the need to either wait for the second wave or submit original documents to other universities. Successful applicants with good Unified State Exam results were often unable to enroll in their desired university.

The problem of uncertainty of applicants in their choice also emerged: they applied for a wide variety of areas, without gravitating towards any specific one. This created difficulties not only during enrollment, but also during further education.

2010

Innovations

KIMs in mathematics and literature have undergone some changes. This was preceded by the collapse of graduates in the previous year's exam: 25% of schoolchildren wrote an unsatisfactory grade in the mathematics exam. As for literature, then main problem It became impossible to objectively evaluate such an abstract, sometimes intuitive subject in test form. Math problems were transformed into more specific, everyday ones. The new tests required not only knowledge of formulas and rules, but also the ability to use them in practice, understanding the subject itself.

Graduates who graduated high school before January 1, 2009, i.e. before the Unified State Exam became mandatory, they received a choice. Now, when entering a university as a full-time student, they may not have to take the Unified State Exam, but rather take exams in the traditional form. Previously, this was allowed only to those who entered the correspondence and evening departments of universities.

The number of stages of admission to universities has decreased from three to two. This made it possible to timely determine whether the applicant scored the required number of points to enter the chosen university. The right of a student to pick up his documents from the admissions office of one university and send them to another, where he was admitted in the second wave, was strictly observed. Moreover, all this could be done within one day.

Universities received the right to set a minimum threshold of scores not only in the core, but also in all other subjects.

The target intake was reduced by 10%. In addition, the issue of its abolition in humanitarian areas, where there are too many graduates: lawyers, economists, managers, etc., has become relevant.

A new rule was also legislatively approved: this year applications could be submitted to no more than five universities, and no more than three directions in each.

In order to avoid the repetition of conflict situations, which often arose due to the lack of necessary information, the government obliged all universities to publish on their websites their own admission rules, areas of training, and a list of entrance tests by February 1.

results

According to the assessment of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of the Rights of Consumers of Educational Services and the Department economic security The Ministry of Internal Affairs in 2010, due to the mandatory state examination, the amount of corruption in education increased. Moreover, bribery has moved from universities to the school level. This became one of the main arguments of opponents of the introduction of the Unified State Exam in Russia.

Creative universities continue to defend their right to admit applicants not on the basis of Unified State Examination results, but on the basis of their own exams. There are those who succeed: Conservatory named after. P.I. Tchaikovsky, State Music College named after. Gnesins, RATI and the Moscow Art Theater School.

However, in most creative universities the results are counted Unified State Exam minimum for one of the exams. True, for now the state exam does not cancel traditional entrance tests.

At the same time, many educational institutions find a way to “bypass” the Unified State Exam. For example, higher theater schools named after. Shchepkina and them. Shchukin's state exam scores are counted only for essays, and then only for citizens of CIS countries. Medalists are given the opportunity to choose: present the results of the Unified State Exam or write an essay directly during the exam.

Limiting the number of educational institutions where documents could be submitted played a positive role: the rush and panic of 2009 was avoided. The admissions campaign went smoothly and quite successfully.

Another problem has arisen. In the context of an emerging demographic crisis, many universities began to reduce the passing grade in many specialties, as a result of which, often, they recruited not very well prepared students. This problem is most pressing now, since there are fewer and fewer graduates every year. The Ministry of Education and Science has focused its attention, first of all, on resolving this issue.

The introduction of the Unified State Exam and its evolution over almost 10 years made it clear that neither the Government of Russia, nor the Ministry of Education and Science, nor scientific community do not consider this form of knowledge assessment to be perfect. Every year the Unified State Exam has changed and will continue to change until it suits all participants in the educational process.

Stage 2011-2014

Innovations

In 2011, the rules for admission to universities for winners and prize-winners of this year's Olympiads changed. They could use their benefits for admission to only one university, and go to the rest according to a general competition based on the results of the Unified State Exam.

In 2012, in the Unified State Examination in history, part “C” introduced the task “ Historical portrait" The essence of the task: choose one of the three proposed historical figures and briefly talk about him in the form of a mini-essay.

In addition, new, more complex options have appeared in part “B”. If previously it was enough to correctly compare a date and a person, now a historical event has also been added.”

The Unified State Examination in mathematics included problems in the section “Probability and Statistics” and assignments in the geometry course. The number of tasks in computer science computer simulations has also changed: in the first part their number was reduced from 18 to 13, in the second part it was increased from 10 to 15. The number of tasks in the sections “Elements of the Theory of Algorithms” and “Modeling and Computer Experiment” has increased, and there are fewer assignments in the sections “Number systems” and “Fundamentals of logic”.

In KIMs on literature, new tasks for choosing the correct answer from the proposed options have been introduced into the block of the basic level of complexity, but the total number of tasks remains the same.

During the Unified State Examination in 2013, it was revealed on the Internet in open access more than 150 fragments of exam tasks. In addition, in almost 2 thousand groups on social networks, graduates of 11th grade solved assignments online for everyone for a small fee.

Because of this it appeared a large number of fake "stobalniks". As a result, the children who suffered were those who studied honestly throughout their entire period of schooling and relied only on their knowledge. Because of fake “stubble money”, many students were unable to enroll in the budget-funded departments of the universities they planned to attend. And they were forced to either postpone higher education or go to study on a commercial basis.

In November 2013, a letter from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation “On the validity of the Unified State Exam results” was published, which stated that the results of the unified state exam for admission to undergraduate and specialist programs are valid for four years following the year in which such results were obtained.

results

Due to the fact that in 2013 there was a massive leak of KIMs of the state exam, Rosobrnadzor set the task of “working on the mistakes” so that in 2014 the Unified State Exam would pass on equal conditions for all graduates.

In 2014, Rosobrnadzor plans to carry out a number of activities that will help avoid leaks of CIMs. For this purpose, an increase in examination materials and the number of options will be made. Each time zone will have its own versions of testing and measuring materials.

CTs will be delivered to the regions not three days before the exam, as before, but one day before. It is planned to place them in special storage facilities with a video surveillance system.

In addition, graduates of 2014 will have to take the Unified State Exam under the surveillance of video cameras that will be installed in classrooms and corridors. It is expected that cellular signal jammers will be installed in classrooms.

Innovations in the Unified State Exam 2015

• Added oral part foreign languages. This section can be included at the request of the participant.
• For individual achievements, students could receive up to 10 points towards their Unified State Examination results.
• The admission to the Unified State Exam was the essay, which was conducted in December. Grading - pass/fail. Upon admission, the university could evaluate the essay - up to a maximum of 10 points for the Unified State Examination.
• The test part of the Unified State Exam in Russian has been removed. For other subjects - a reduction in multiple-choice tasks.
• In CMMs, the division into blocks (A, B, C) was removed, and simple numbering remained.
• Division of the Unified State Examination in mathematics into basic and specialized levels.
• Most of the tasks are planned to be taken from open bank. In the future, the formation of CIMs will be 100% from an open bank.
• Everyone will be allowed to take the Unified State Exam early - students and graduates of previous years.
• The Unified State Examination can be retaken this year.
• The Unified State Exam can be taken after 10th grade.

Innovations in the Unified State Exam 2016

Russian language.

All the main characteristics of the examination work are generally preserved. The selection of language material for completing tasks 7 and 8 has been expanded. The wording of task 25 has been clarified. The assessment criteria for task 25 have been clarified.

Mathematics.

Basic level There are no changes in the structure and content of the examination paper.

Profile level Two tasks are excluded from the first part: a practice-oriented task of a basic level of complexity and a task on stereometry of an increased level of complexity. The maximum primary score decreased from 34 to 32 points.

Story.

Tasks with a choice of one answer out of four (1–21 according to 2015 numbering) and a task to establish correspondence (24) were excluded from the work. New tasks for establishing correspondence have been added to part 1 of the work: knowledge of dates (2 according to 2016 numbering); on knowledge of basic facts, processes, phenomena (5); to work with text historical source(6); on knowledge of the basic facts of cultural history (17); assignment on the history of the Great Patriotic War to fill in the gaps in sentences (8), as well as a task with a short answer to work with a historical source for the 20th century. (10). The task to test the ability to present the results of historical and educational activities in free form (40 according to the 2015 numbering) has been excluded from part 2 of the examination paper. A new task has been added that involves writing historical essay for a certain period of Russian history. In Part 1 of the 2016 examination paper, the arrangement of tasks has been changed: tasks are arranged in accordance with the principle of alternating activities. The writing time has been increased to 235 minutes.

Biology, literature.

There are no changes to the structure and content of the examination paper.

Chemistry.

In the work of 2016, compared to 2015, the following changes were adopted:
• In Part 1 of the work, the format of six tasks of a basic level of complexity with a short answer has been changed. These are the following tasks: − No. 6, its implementation involves the use of generalized knowledge about classification and nomenclature inorganic substances. The result of completing the task is to identify three correct answers out of six proposed options; − No. 11 and No. 18, their implementation involves the use of generalized knowledge about genetic connection inorganic and organic substances. The result of completing the tasks is to identify two correct answers out of five proposed options. − No. 24, No. 25 and No. 26, the answer to these tasks is a number with a given degree of accuracy (instead of the number of the correct answer in the 2015 work). Also in part 1 of the work, the format of two tasks of an increased level of complexity has been changed - No. 34 and No. 35, which test the assimilation of knowledge of characteristic chemical properties hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing organic compounds. In the 2016 paper, these tasks are presented in the format of matching tasks (in the 2015 paper these were multiple choice tasks).
• Based on an analysis of the 2015 Unified State Exam results, adjustments were made regarding the distribution of tasks by level of complexity and types of skills and methods of activity being tested. Thus, in particular, the expediency of checking the assimilation of the content element “Chemical equilibrium” is justified; shift of equilibrium under the influence of various factors” only with tasks of an increased level of complexity. At the same time, mastering knowledge of the characteristic chemical properties of nitrogen-containing organic compounds and biologically important substances is only at a basic level.

Spanish, German, French, English.

Social science.

The structure of the examination work has been optimized: – the logic of the structure of part 1 has been brought into line with the logic of part 2: tasks are focused on testing certain skills (requirements for the level of graduates’ training) on ​​various content elements; – from Part 1 of the work, tasks with a short answer in the form of one number corresponding to the number of the correct answer are excluded; as a result of task regrouping various types total Part 1 tasks were reduced by 7 tasks. As a result, the total number of work tasks was reduced by 7 tasks (29 instead of 36). The maximum primary score for completing all work has not changed (62).

Physics.

The structure of the Unified State Exam KIM in 2016 was left unchanged. For task lines 2–5, 8–10 and 11–16, the range of controlled content elements has been expanded.

Computer science.

The 2016 CMM model has changed slightly compared to the 2015 CMM. The sequence of presentation of tasks 1–5 was changed. The number of tasks and the maximum primary score remained unchanged.

Changes in the testing and measuring materials of the Unified State Exam-2017.

There are no changes in structure and content in the following subjects:
• Russian language.
• Mathematics (basic and specialized levels).
• Geography.
• Computer science.
• Literature.

Foreign languages: there are no changes in structure and content.
The wording of task 3 of the oral part of the exam has been clarified.

History: no changes in structure or content.
The maximum score for completing tasks 3 and 8 has been changed (2 points instead of 1).
The wording of task 25 and the criteria for its assessment have been improved

Social studies: no significant changes.
The structure of the block of tasks in Part 1, which tests the content of the “Law” section, is unified according to the model of the structure of blocks that test the content of other sections of the course: task 17 was added to select the correct judgments, the numbering of tasks 18 (formerly 17), 19 (formerly 18) was changed. Task 19 in the form in which it existed in the CMM of previous years is excluded from the work.

Biology: significant changes.

• Tasks with a choice of one answer are excluded from the examination work.
• The number of tasks has been reduced from 40 to 28.
• The maximum primary score was reduced from 61 in 2016 to 59 in 2017.
• The duration of the examination work has been increased from 180 to 210 minutes.
• Part 1 includes new types of tasks that differ significantly in type educational activities: filling in the missing elements of a diagram or table, finding the correctly indicated symbols in the figure, analysis and synthesis of information, including that presented in the form of graphs, diagrams and tables with statistical data.

Chemistry: significant changes.

The structure of the examination paper has been optimized:
• The structure of Part 1 of CMM has been fundamentally changed: tasks with a choice of one answer have been excluded; tasks are grouped into separate thematic blocks, each of which contains tasks of both basic and increased levels difficulties.
• The total number of tasks has been reduced from 40 (in 2016) to 34.
• The rating scale has been changed (from 1 to 2 points) for completing tasks at a basic level of complexity, which test the assimilation of knowledge about the genetic connection of inorganic and organic substances (9 and 17).
• The maximum initial score for completing the work as a whole will be 60 points (instead of 64 points in 2016).

Physics: significant changes.
The structure of part 1 of the examination paper has been changed, part 2 has been left unchanged.
Tasks with a choice of one correct answer have been excluded from the examination work and tasks with a short answer have been added.

Changes in the testing and measuring materials of the Unified State Exam-2018

There are no changes in structure and content in the following subjects:
• Mathematics (basic and specialized level)
• Geography
• Story
• Biology

Russian language: significant changes.
• The examination paper in the Russian language includes a basic level task (No. 20), testing knowledge of the lexical norms of the modern Russian literary language;
• The maximum initial score for completing all work has been increased from 57 to 58.

Literature: significant changes.
• The requirements for completing tasks 9 and 16 have been clarified (the requirement to justify the choice of an example for comparison has been cancelled);
• The fourth topic of the essay has been introduced (17.4). 3) The criteria for assessing the completion of tasks with a detailed answer (8, 9, 15, 16, 17) have been completely redesigned;
• The maximum score for the entire work has been increased from 42 to 57 points.

Social science: significant changes.
• The assessment system for task 28 has been reworked;
• The wording of task 29 has been detailed and the system of its assessment has been changed;
• The maximum initial score for completing all work has been increased from 62 to 64.

Computer Science and ICT:
• In task 25, the ability to write an algorithm in natural language was removed due to the lack of demand for this option by exam participants;
• Examples of program texts and their fragments in tasks 8, 11, 19, 20, 21, 24, 25 in the C language have been replaced with examples in the C++ language, as it is much more relevant and widespread.

Foreign languages: There are no changes to the CMM structure.
• The criteria for assessing the completion of tasks 39 and 40 have been clarified.

Chemistry: significant changes.
• One task added (No. 30) high level with a detailed answer. By changing the scoring of tasks in part 1;
• The maximum primary score for completing all work remained unchanged (60).

Physics: significant changes.
• One basic level task (No. 24) has been added to Part 1, testing elements of astrophysics;
• The maximum primary score for completing all work has been increased from 50 to 52 points.

Innovations in the Unified State Exam 2019

In 2019, school graduates will be required to choose one of two levels of the Unified State Exam in their application for participation in the Unified State Exam. mathematics: either basic or profile.

If a graduate fails the Unified State Exam in mathematics, he can replace the previously chosen level and take it again on reserve days. And those who did not pass the profile level even on reserve days will be able to pass the basic level to receive a certificate in September.

In 2019 graduates of previous years Those who already have a certificate cannot take basic level mathematics.

Since 2017 test part of the tasks The Unified State Exam is excluded from almost all testing and measuring materials. To the previously excluded test parts, the exclusion of the test part from the Unified State Examination tasks in three more subjects has been added: physics, biology and chemistry. Exam participants must enter the answer themselves, and not choose it from those proposed.

In 2019, for the first time, the Unified State Examination will be conducted according to Chinese language . It will become the fifth language of choice for Unified State Exam participants along with English, German, French and Spanish.

In 2019 certificate with distinction will be awarded to those graduates who have final grades “excellent” in all academic subjects, have successfully passed the state final certification, and also passed the Unified State Examination in Russian language and mathematics at the profile level with at least 70 points or 5 points on the Unified State Examination in basic-level mathematics .

Since 2019, the Unified State Exam has become the main form of state final certification for graduates of Crimea and Sevastopol.

Changes in the testing and measuring materials of the Unified State Exam-2019

In KIM, additional instructions and reminders have been introduced for all academic subjects for Unified State Examination participants to check the recording of answers on forms No. 1 and No. 2 under the corresponding task numbers. All changes in the Unified State Exam KIM are not of a fundamental nature. In most subjects, the wording of tasks is being clarified and the system of assessing tasks is being improved to increase the differentiating ability of examination work.

There are no changes in structure and content in the following subjects:
• Mathematics (basic and specialized level);
• Geography;
• Physics;
• Chemistry;
• Computer Science and ICT.

Russian language:
• The number of tasks in the examination paper has been increased from 26 to 27 due to the introduction of a new task (21), which tests the ability to conduct punctuation analysis of the text;
• Changed the format of tasks 2, 9–12;
• The range of tested spelling and punctuation skills has been expanded.
• The difficulty level of individual tasks has been clarified;
• The wording of task 27 with a detailed answer has been clarified;
• The assessment criteria for task 27 have been clarified.

Literature:

The criteria for assessing the completion of tasks with a detailed answer have been clarified:
• corrections have been made to the assessment of tasks 8 and 15 (wording of criterion 1 with a description of the requirements for an answer for 2 points, rules for calculating factual errors in criterion 2),
• in tasks 9 and 16 (criteria 1 and 2 take into account possible options flaws in the answer)
• in tasks 17.1–17.4 (counting logical errors was added to criterion 4).

Social science:
• The wording was detailed and the assessment system for task 25 was revised;
• The maximum score for completing task 25 has been increased from 3 to 4;
• The wording of tasks 28, 29 has been detailed, and their assessment systems have been improved;
• The maximum initial score for completing all work has been increased from 64 to 65.

Foreign languages: There are no changes in the structure and content of the CMM.
• The criteria for assessing the performance of task 40 of the “Writing” section in the written part of the exam have been clarified, as well as the wording of task 40, in which the exam participant is offered a choice of two topics for an extended written statement with elements of reasoning “My opinion”

Heated debates and discussions have been going on for several years. Not everyone agrees with the format and results of this exam. But the Ministry of Education remains adamant and is not going to cancel the Unified State Exam. Let's find out more about when and why it appeared

When was the Unified State Exam introduced in Russia?

Many school and university graduates remember the times when exams were ticketed and there was no testing. It seems that the Unified State Exam appeared quite recently. But this is not true at all. To answer the question in what year the Unified State Exam was introduced, you need to look into the history of the entire education system.

Back in the last century, at the end of the 80s, the first prerequisites appeared. It was then that they noticed that there was a large gap in the requirements for final and entrance exams. Universities made more serious demands. Therefore, yesterday's student could not cope with the entrance examinations.

So, in what year was the Unified State Exam introduced? Facts state that the first attempts were made already in 1997. In some schools, graduates could voluntarily participate in testing experiments.

It is difficult to say for sure in what year the Unified State Exam was introduced. Development and implementation were carried out gradually.

The first developments appeared in 1999. The implementation of the idea was not delayed for long. And already in 2001 an experiment was organized. It was joined not only by schools, but also by some educational institutions that accepted the Unified State Examination result as an alternative to traditional entrance tests for schoolchildren.

Several regions were chosen as experimental ones. 30 thousand people took part in the first tests. Approximately 50 state universities began to accept the Unified State Examination certificate issued at school instead of entrance examinations.

If we count from the moment the experiment was introduced, the answer to the question in what year the Unified State Exam was introduced will be simple: in 2001.

In 2001-2008 didn't exist single list subjects taken in the form of the Unified State Exam. Each region compiled the list independently.

In 2002, the Unified State Exam was still an experiment, but by that time the number of participants included 8,400 schools and 117 universities.

In 2003, 18.5 thousand schools conducted final exams in the form of the Unified State Exam, and 245 universities accepted certificates from applicants.

If we talk about when the Unified State Exam was introduced as a mandatory exam, we can remember 2004. It was then that the experiment was considered successful and they started talking about plans for its widespread distribution. At the same time, no one took into account the opinions of the dissatisfied, who spoke out sharply against the Unified State Exam.

It lasted for several more years, until in 2009 amendments to the law “On Education” were adopted. It was from this moment that the Unified State Exam was recognized as mandatory. Even for those who, after graduating from school, did not plan to continue their studies at a university.

Now you know when the Unified State Exam was introduced.

Who introduced the unified exam?

The idea to introduce the Unified State Exam in Russia belongs to the head of the Ministry of Education in 1998-2004. In his opinion, the Unified State Exam will not only provide a high-quality test of knowledge, but also defeat the corruption that flourished under the traditional form of exams, when their results depended on one or several teachers.

Why was the Unified State Exam introduced?

Due to the abundance of teaching methods and school aids, testing knowledge has become more difficult. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a unified testing system and ensure the same level of basic knowledge with which graduates leave school.

Another important reason for introducing the Unified State Exam, as we have already mentioned, is to combat corruption. Previously, with a traditional exam, the result depended on the teacher, which contributed to the increase in the number of bribes. After all, every graduate wanted to get the highest score in the certificate. The results of the Unified State Exam are assessed not by the teacher, but by a machine that cannot be bribed.

Affordable education

Another global problem that the Unified State Exam is designed to combat is related to admissions. Previously, the exam had to be taken both at school and at university. Now it is enough to pass the Unified State Exam once, receive a certificate and present it to the university admissions committee.

Now even schoolchildren from the regions can get into the prestigious institution. Previously they did not have this opportunity. To enter a university, you had to hire a tutor or attend preparatory courses.

The first stages of the new system

Sources:

• Answers to Unified State Exam History 2013

The Unified State Exam ceased to be an experiment and turned into a mandatory test of knowledge of schoolchildren completing their education. In 2012, the exam is held according to a single schedule throughout the country.

Instructions

There are two mandatory exams, as in previous years - Russian language and mathematics. They must be passed with a minimum number of points to receive a certificate. In 2012, this is 36 points for the Russian language and 24 for mathematics. If a student receives a low grade in one of the subjects, he will have the opportunity to take the exam again on the designated day. If both exams fail, then you will be able to receive a certificate only next year after a successful retake.

In 2012, as before, it was possible to take the exam ahead of schedule. It is given to those graduates who, for some good reason, will not be able to attend the exam on the main day. On April 20, the Unified State Exam was held in Russian, on April 23 - in history, chemistry, as well as foreign languages, on April 26 -, on May 2 - in computer science, literature, etc. May 4th is reserved for all subjects upon student request.

The main examination period began on May 28 with tests in biology, history and computer science. Mandatory exams - Russian language and mathematics - were held on May 31 and June 7. The main session will end on June 16 of the Unified State Examination in Literature. Reserve days will run from mid-June to mid-July.

The results of the Unified Exam are announced approximately 7-9 days after the test itself. The results in biology, history and computer science became known first - on June 7. Information about the Russian language will be available on June 12, and about - on June 19. In certain areas of the country, for example, in hard-to-reach northern regions, information may be available later.

After the results are announced, it is time for appeals. If a student or his parents do not agree with the assessment, they will be able to appeal to a special commission that will re-examine the work.

Video on the topic

The Unified State Exam - Unified State Exam - has been causing active controversy in society since its inception. However, the history of this exam shows that trends in modern education The situation was such that reform of school examinations was necessary.

Prototypes of the Unified State Exam in other countries

Russia was not the first state to think about creating a unified university examination system. In the USA and Great Britain, every student takes final tests, based on the results of which the graduate can apply to the university for which he has scored sufficient points for admission. In France the system is slightly different. Any student who passes the final exam with a positive mark can enroll in any university in the country. Entrance exams are held only in some universities and after the first or second year of higher education.

Also, analogues of the Unified State Exam exist in Ukraine and Kazakhstan.

The Russian Unified State Examination system is closer to the Anglo-Saxon one, in particular, by the presence of a system of tests and a passing score for each university. However, its own specifics remain, related to the organization of training partly at the state expense, and partly at the expense of applicants.

The emergence of the Unified State Exam in Russia

Back in the nineties, the first projects related to the introduction of a unified final and entrance exam appeared. This was supposed to make life easier for schoolchildren, as well as streamline the examination system, reducing local corruption through the introduction of an impartial exam and making it easier for students from the regions to enter universities in the capital. At the beginning of the 2000s, the idea of ​​​​introducing the Unified State Exam became part of a project to reform Russian education in accordance with world standards. As part of the same project, it was divided into two levels - bachelor's and.

By 2000, a team of teachers and scientists developed the first Unified State Exam option. Next year, the Ministry of Education selected several regions and universities that became participants in the Unified State Exam system testing program. Over time, the list of regions expanded. At the first stage, universities themselves decided whether they would accept the results of the Unified State Exam or organize their own entrance exams.

Along with the introduction of the Unified State Exam, admission benefits for gold medalists disappeared.

At the same time, the introduction of the Unified State Exam evoked active opposition from part of society. Most parents and teachers had doubts about the test system for testing knowledge, especially for humanities subjects. Later, in accordance with the wishes of specialists, some USE tasks were changed, in particular, there were test tasks from the mathematics exam.

In 2009, the Unified State Exam became a mandatory exam throughout the country, but some universities retained their entrance exams - among them Moscow State University and art universities.

Video on the topic

In the early 2000s, large-scale education reform began in Russia. It meant the introduction of new ways to test students’ knowledge, as well as the division of higher education into bachelor’s and master’s degrees.

Education reform

In 1999, the Federal Testing Center was created in Russia. The task of its employees was to develop a testing system, as well as monitor the quality of knowledge obtained in educational institutions throughout the country. Under the leadership of the director of the center, intensive work began on developing the idea and methodology for conducting the Unified State Exam.

The first stages of the new system

Year after year new system testing was gaining momentum, and by 2005 it was planned to make it mandatory.

In 2002, already 16 regions of Russia took part in the experiment on conducting the Unified State Exam. Based on the exam results, applicants were accepted at 117 universities throughout the country. In 2003, the number of regions increased to 47.

Higher educational institutions that train specialists in the field of culture and sports, and some medical universities took part in the experiment.

Despite the visible advantages of the unified state exam, the number of dissatisfied people grew. These included schoolchildren themselves and parents, teachers, scientists and cultural figures. This method of assessing knowledge did not take into account differences in learning conditions and did not have an individual approach. Not all universities accepted students based on exam results, so students experienced double workload because they had to take the exams again. The Ministry of Education considered all these complaints and proposals, and every year innovations appeared in the Unified State Examination.

Sources:

• Answers to Unified State Exam History 2013