Who is included in the CSTO for a year. The CSTO countries will form a single list of organizations considered terrorist. CSTO tasks, decoding. who belongs to this organization

The Collective Security Treaty was signed on May 15, 1992 in Tashkent by the heads of six CIS member states - Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. In September 1993, Azerbaijan joined it, in December 1993 – Georgia and Belarus. The treaty came into force for all nine countries in April 1994 for a period of five years. In April 1999, the Protocol on the extension of the Collective Security Treaty was signed by six of them (except for Azerbaijan, Georgia and Uzbekistan).

On May 14, 2002, the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) was established, uniting Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan. In June 2006, the Decision was made
“On the restoration of membership of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the CSTO,” however, in December 2012, this country’s membership was suspended. Currently, the CSTO includes six states - Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan.

On October 7, 2002, the CSTO Charter was adopted in Chisinau. In accordance with it, the main goals The organization is committed to strengthening peace, international and regional security and stability, protecting on a collective basis the independence, territorial integrity and sovereignty of member states, the priority in achieving which the member states give priority to political means.

In 2017, the CSTO celebrated the 25th anniversary of the signing of the Collective Security Treaty and the 15th anniversary of the creation of the Organization. The anniversary Declaration adopted by the presidents notes that the CSTO is a dynamically developing basis for equal cooperation, ensuring a timely and adequate response to the changing situation in the world, and the established regulatory and legal framework of the Organization makes it possible to bring the cooperation of the CSTO member states to a qualitative level new level, consolidate the commonality of strategic goals and transform the CSTO into one of the effective multifunctional structures that ensure security at the regional level.

The highest body of the CSTO, which considers fundamental issues of the Organization’s activities, is Collective Security Council (CSC) consisting of heads of state. The Chairman of the SKB is the head of the state presiding over the Organization (since November 8, 2018 – Kyrgyzstan). Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Ministers of Defense, Secretaries of the Security Councils of Member States, the Secretary General of the Organization and invited persons can take part in the meetings of the CSC. Sessions of the CSTO CSC are held at least once a year. At the session of the CSTO CSC (November 8, 2018), protocols were signed on amendments to the statutory documents, according to which the head of government can be a member of the Council. Protocols are subject to ratification. Have not yet entered into force.

The advisory and executive bodies of the CSTO are Council of Foreign Ministers (CMFA), coordinating the foreign policy activities of the CSTO member states; Council of Ministers of Defense (CMO), ensuring interaction between member states in the field military policy, military construction and military-technical cooperation; Committee of Secretaries of Security Councils (CSSC), in charge of support issues national security. Meetings of these bodies are held at least twice a year.

In the period between sessions of the CSC, coordination of the CSTO activities is entrusted to Permanent Council(in force since March 2004), which consists of permanent and plenipotentiary representatives of the Member States.

The permanent working bodies of the CSTO are Secretariat And Joint Headquarters Organizations (operating since January 2004).

The Military Committee under the Council of Defense was formed, Coordination Council heads of competent authorities for combating illicit drug trafficking of the CSTO member states (CSTO), the Coordination Council of Heads of Competent Authorities of the CSTO Member States on Combating Illegal Migration (KSBNM) and the Coordination Council for Emergency Situations of the CSTO Member States (CSES). Since 2006, a Working Group on Afghanistan has been operating under the CSTO Council of Foreign Ministers. In 2016, a Working Group was created under the CSTO Council of Defense to coordinate the joint training of military personnel and scientific work. The CSTO CSTO has a Working Group of Experts on Combating Terrorism and Extremism and a Working Group on Information Policy and Security. In December 2014, a decision was made to create the CSTO Consultation Coordination Center for responding to computer incidents. Since October 2017, the CSTO Crisis Response Center began operating in test mode.

The parliamentary dimension of the CSTO is developing. On November 16, 2006, on the basis of the IPA CIS in St. Petersburg, it was created CSTO Parliamentary Assembly(CSTO PA), which is the organ of inter-parliamentary cooperation of the Organization. On May 20, 2019, the next meeting of the CSTO PA will be held in Bishkek. In the period between plenary sessions, the activities of the CSTO PA are carried out in the format of the Council of the Parliamentary Assembly and Standing Commissions (on defense and security, on political issues and international cooperation, on socio-economic and legal issues), meetings of the Information and Analytical legal center Assembly and Expert Advisory Council of the CSTO PA.

On November 24, 2016, the Chairman was elected Chairman of the CSTO PA State Duma Federal Assembly Russian Federation V.V. Volodin.

The People's Assembly of the Republic of Serbia, the Wolesi Jirga of the National Assembly of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, and the Parliamentary Assembly of the Union of Belarus and Russia have observer status with the CSTO PA. Representatives of Cuba and other countries participate in the meetings of the CSTO PA as guests.

The CSTO carries out its activities in cooperation with various international and regional organizations.

Since December 2, 2004, the Organization has observer status in the UN General Assembly. On March 18, 2010, a Joint Declaration on Cooperation between the UN Secretariats and the CSTO was signed in Moscow, which provides for the establishment of interaction between the two organizations, in particular in the field of peacekeeping. In its development, on September 28, 2012, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed in New York between the CSTO Secretariat and the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations. During the 71st session of the UN General Assembly in November 2016, a resolution was adopted on cooperation between the UN and the CSTO, in which the CSTO is considered as an organization capable of giving an adequate response to wide range challenges and threats in the area of ​​their responsibility. The next similar resolution is planned to be adopted during the current
73rd session of the UN General Assembly. Productive contacts are maintained with other UN agencies, including the UN Security Council Counter-Terrorism Committee and the UN Office on Drugs and Crime.

In October 2007, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the CSTO Secretariat and the SCO Secretariat. In December 2009 - Memorandum of cooperation between the CSTO Secretariat and the CIS Executive Committee. On May 28, 2018, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed on issues of cooperation and interaction between the CSTO Secretariat, the SCO RATS and the CIS ATC. In April 2019, a meeting of the secretaries general of the CIS, SCO and CSTO took place.

Contacts are maintained with the OSCE, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, the International Organization for Migration and other international structures. The CSTO stands for the development of dialogue with ASEAN and the African Union.

As the Organization develops, its legal framework is strengthened, which, in addition to its statutory documents, includes about 50 different agreements and protocols. Of fundamental importance are the set of decisions of the CSTO CSTO on the creation of collective forces, foreign policy coordination, the Collective Security Strategy, the Anti-Drug Strategy, the Roadmap for creating conditions for the use of the CSTO peacekeeping potential in the interests of global peacekeeping activities UN, etc.

Military cooperation in the CSTO format is carried out in accordance with the Decision of the CSTO CSTO “On the Main Directions for the Development of Military Cooperation of the CSTO Member States for the Period until 2020” adopted in 2012.

The components of the power potential of the CSTO collective security system have been formed.

In 2001, the Collective Rapid Deployment Forces (CRDF) were created to ensure the security of the CSTO member states in the Central Asian region. The Collective Rapid Reaction Forces (CRRF) of the CSTO, formed in 2009, including military contingents and special forces formations, became a multifunctional component of the CSTO collective security system. The Peacekeeping Forces (PF) of the Organization were created, the corresponding Agreement on which came into force in 2009. In order to increase the efficiency of the actions of collective forces, in accordance with the decision of the CSTO CSTO, adopted in 2014, the formation of the Collective Aviation Forces (CAF) of the CSTO was completed.

The composition of the forces and means of the collective security system has been determined and normatively established, and their joint operational and combat training is carried out on a regular basis.

From October 1 to November 2, 2018, operational-strategic exercises with CSTO contingents “Combat Brotherhood - 2018” were held on the territory of Russia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, which included the tactical and special exercise “Search-2018” with reconnaissance forces and means (1-5 October, Kazakhstan), "Air Bridge - 2018" with the Collective Aviation Forces (October 1-14, Russia), "Interaction - 2018" with the Collective Rapid Reaction Forces (October 10-13, Kyrgyzstan), "Indestructible Brotherhood - 2018" with Peacekeeping forces CSTO (October 30 – November 2, Russia).

On May 18 - 23, 2018, in the Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, exercises of special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs from the special forces formation “Cobalt-2018” were held.

In the field of military-technical cooperation, mechanisms for supplying weapons and special equipment to allies, providing military-technical assistance to CSTO member states are being improved, and joint training of military personnel has been organized. The concept of training military personnel was approved. Since 2006, the Interstate Commission on Military-Economic Cooperation of the CSTO has been operating. On November 8, 2018, the session of the CSTO Special Security Council adopted a decision to appoint Yu.I. Borisov, Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, to this post.

On November 20, 2012, the Protocol on the deployment of military infrastructure facilities on the territories of the CSTO member states, signed at the session of the CSTO Special Security Council (December 2011), entered into force, in accordance with which decisions
on the placement of military infrastructure facilities of “third” countries on the territory of the CSTO member states can only be accepted in the absence of official objections from all member states of the Organization.

Within the framework of the KSOPN (established in 2005), there are three Working Groups: for the coordination of operational investigative activities, for the exchange of information resources and for personnel training. Chairman of the Coordination Council - State Secretary-Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of Russia I.N. Zubov.

The fundamental document in the field of anti-drug activities of the CSTO is the “Anti-drug strategy of the CSTO member states” approved at the December (2014) session of the CSTO Council in Moscow
for 2015-2020.” Since 2003, the international comprehensive anti-drug operation “Channel” has been carried out on the territory of the CSTO member states (since 2008 it has been transformed into a permanent one). Total from 2003 to 2019 30 stages of Operation Canal were carried out. As a result of the last stage of the “Canal Center” (February 26 - March 1 of this year), 11.5 tons of drugs were seized from illicit trafficking, 784 drug crimes were identified, and about 4 thousand criminal cases were initiated.

Law enforcement, border, customs authorities, security services, and financial intelligence units of the CSTO member states took part in the operation. The observers were representatives law enforcement Afghanistan, Great Britain, Iran, Italy, China, Mongolia, USA, Turkey, France and staff of UNODC, Interpol, OSCE, Drug Prevention Program in Central Asia, Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism, Committee of Heads of Law Enforcement Units of CIS Customs Services, RATS SCO, Bureau for Coordination of Combating Organized Crime and Other Dangerous Types of Crime on the Territory of CIS Member States, Criminal Intelligence Center for Combating Drugs of the Council cooperation between the Arab states of the Persian Gulf.

In the field of combating illegal migration of citizens of third (in relation to the CSTO) countries, under the auspices of the Organization, there functions the Coordination Council of Heads of Competent Bodies of the CSTO Member States on Combating Illegal Migration (CSTOM), as well as a Working Group, the members of which are the heads of structural divisions of internal affairs bodies affairs, security services, migration and border services. Since 2008, operational and preventive measures “Illegal” have been carried out, the purpose of which is to identify and suppress violations of migration legislation. Since 2018, “Illegal” has been given the status of a permanent operation. Hundreds of thousands of crimes in this area have been stopped, over 1,600 people who were on the international wanted list have been detained. As part of Operation Illegal 2018, over 73 thousand violations of migration legislation by persons from third countries were identified, dubious financial transactions were identified, channels of human trafficking were opened, and about 1,550 criminal cases were initiated.

On a regular basis, special activities are carried out aimed at identifying and suppressing channels for the recruitment of citizens into the ranks of terrorist organizations, and effective work to prevent the penetration of militants from armed conflict zones into the CAR. In April-May 2019, for the first time, a set of operational and preventive measures was carried out to block recruitment channels, entry and exit of citizens of the CSTO member states to participate in terrorist activities, as well as neutralizing the resource base of international terrorist organizations in the CSTO space under the name “Mercenary”.

In order to combat crimes in the information environment, Operation PROXY has been carried out (since 2014 - on an ongoing basis). In 2018, as a result of the operation, 345,207 information resources were identified that were aimed at inciting national and religious hatred, disseminating terrorist and extremist ideas in the interests of criminal groups, etc. The activities of 54,251 resources were suspended and 720 criminal cases were initiated. As a result of countering the use of the Internet for illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic and psychoactive substances, 1,832 illegal information resource, of which 1,748 were blocked, 560 facts of criminal activity were revealed. 594 criminal cases were initiated. Based on the revealed facts indicating criminal activities related to illegal migration and human trafficking in the CSTO member states, 120 criminal cases have been initiated.

Foreign policy coordination is built on the basis of annual plans for consultations between representatives of the CSTO member states on issues of foreign policy, security and defense, as well as lists of topics for joint statements. Working meetings at the level of foreign ministers of the CSTO member states on the “sidelines” of the session have become regular General Assembly UN and OSCE Ministerial Council.

In September 2011, “Collective instructions to permanent representatives of the CSTO member states to international organizations” were adopted (updated in July 2016). Coordination meetings are held between ambassadors of member states in third countries. In 2018, it was decided to appoint persons responsible for interaction on cooperation issues within the CSTO in foreign institutions.

Since 2011, about 80 joint statements of the CSTO member states have been adopted at various international platforms.

On September 26, 2018, a traditional working meeting of the ministers of foreign affairs of the CSTO member states was held in New York on the sidelines of the 73rd session of the UN General Assembly. An exchange of views took place on priority issues on the UN agenda, interaction between the CSTO and the UN, the fight against terrorism and ensuring regional security, and the progress of preparations for the upcoming meeting of the CSTO Collective Security Council (CSC) was discussed. Joint statements were adopted “On the situation in Afghanistan, the strengthening of the positions of ISIS in the northern provinces of the country and the growth of the drug threat from the territory of the IRA”, “On efforts to stabilize the situation in the Middle East and North Africa", "On intensifying cooperation of the CSTO with regional organizations and structures."

The next meeting of the CSTO CSC took place on November 8, 2018 in Astana. The final declaration of the CSTO summit was adopted, as well as a statement by the heads of CSTO member states on coordinated measures against participants in armed conflicts on the side of international terrorist organizations. The Council approved a package of documents on the legal registration of observer and partner status of the CSTO and a number of other documents in the field of military cooperation, crisis response, countering international terrorism, and illegal migration.

Publishes the full version of the document.

Brief historical background

The Collective Security Treaty (CST) was signed on May 15, 1992, six months after the collapse of the USSR. Its main task was to maintain interaction between the armies of the newly formed independent states in the post-Soviet space.

The founding states were Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. In 1993, Azerbaijan, Belarus and Georgia joined the treaty.

In 1999, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Uzbekistan refused to renew their membership in the CST and focused on working in GUAM ( GUAM (Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Moldova) is an anti-Russian organization created in 1997 to establish horizontal ties between post-Soviet republics in the interests of the United States and the European Union. During the periods of Uzbekistan's membership, the organization was called GUUAM. Currently, GUAM is not an active and actually working structure, despite the fact that no formal decision has been made to dissolve it, and the GUAM Secretariat located in Kiev regularly issues press releases in Russian about its work).

In 2002, a decision was made to transform the CST into a full-fledged international organization.

On October 7, 2002, the Charter and Agreement on the legal status of the CSTO were adopted in Chisinau. The documents establishing the CSTO were ratified by all participating countries and entered into force on September 18, 2003.

On November 16, 2006, the heads of parliaments of the CSTO member countries adopted a resolution on the creation of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO PA).

Collective Forces were created in 2009 rapid response(KSOR). Their task is to repel military aggression, conduct special operations to combat international terrorism, transnational organized crime, drug trafficking, as well as eliminate the consequences of emergency situations. CRRF exercises are held on a regular basis.

On December 21, 2015, the heads of the CSTO member states adopted a Statement on Countering International Terrorism, in which they declared their intention to “consistently strengthen the power potential of the CSTO, increase its counter-terrorism component, and increase the combat readiness of the Collective Rapid Reaction Forces in order to effectively counter new challenges and threats.”

On October 14, 2016, the Collective Security Council (CSC) of the CSTO in Yerevan adopted a Decision to approve the Collective Security Strategy until 2025, as well as additional measures to combat terrorism and create a Crisis Response Center.

The CSTO Secretary General since 2003 is Nikolay Bordyuzha.

Chairman of the Parliamentary CSTO Assembly November 24, 2016 elected Vyacheslav Volodin.

CSTO: Birth traumas and irremovable contradictions

The largest geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th century - the collapse Soviet Union- had a particularly serious impact on the ability of states that suddenly and often not of their own free will to maintain an adequate level of security - both external and internal.

If the European post-Soviet republics (with the exception of Moldova, which failed to curb its own nationalists and as a result lost Transnistria) faced a maximum increase in crime in the early 90s, the Central Asian countries found themselves alone with the threat of international terrorism and religious extremism.

The most serious situation was in Tajikistan, with its long border with Afghanistan. Civil War in this country threatened with extremely serious consequences not only for Tajikistan itself, but also for neighboring countries. That is why Russia, which took upon itself the protection of the Tajik-Afghan border, and Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan, actively participated in national reconciliation in the republic.

“Leading figures of Tajikistan have repeatedly noted the important military-political role of the CST in the process of achieving national reconciliation. And now, within the framework of the CSTO, this country is receiving significant political, military and military-technical assistance,” says the version of the CSTO website that worked until 2012 in the “General Information” section.

The CSTO was initially focused primarily on solving the problems of maintaining security in Central Asia. A few more quotes from the old version of the organization’s website:

“At the initial stage, the Treaty contributed to the creation of national armed forces of the participating states and provision of adequate external conditions for their independent state building. This is evidenced by the relevance of the Treaty in a number of cases of application of its provisions.

The capabilities of the Treaty were used in the fall of 1996 and the summer of 1998 in connection with the dangerous developments in Afghanistan in close proximity to the borders of the Central Asian states parties to the CST, in order to prevent attempts by extremists to destabilize the situation in this region.

In 1999 and 2000, as a result of promptly implemented measures by the states parties to the CST, with the participation of Uzbekistan, the threat created by large-scale actions of armed groups of international terrorists in the south of Kyrgyzstan and in other areas of Central Asia was neutralized."

Regulatory legal acts, on the basis of which the structures of the CST worked, these are the “Declaration of the States Parties to the CST”, adopted in 1995, “The Concept of Collective Security of the States Parties to the CST”, a document on the “Main Directions for Deepening Military Cooperation”, a plan for the implementation of the Concept of Collective Security and the Main Directions for Deepening military cooperation.

In 1999, the Plan for the second stage of the formation of a collective security system was approved, which provided for the formation of coalition (regional) groupings of troops (forces) in the Eastern European, Caucasian and Central Asian directions.

In the 90s, the CST had no chance of becoming a full-fledged and effective international organization due to the large number of claims its participants had against each other.

Armenia and Azerbaijan, both then and now, were essentially at war with each other. Georgia, both then and now, accused Russia of “separatism” in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, although it should be noted that Moscow in the 90s pursued a much harsher policy towards unrecognized states than in the 2000s. Abkhazia was actually under an economic blockade, South Ossetia and Transnistria were left to their own devices.

Uzbekistan tried to pursue what was called a “balanced” policy in Tashkent, but as a result it simply rushed between Moscow and Washington, either entering the CST, then moving from there to GUAM, then agreeing to the creation of an American military base, then demanding that the United States immediately leave its territory.

Of course, NATO also has examples of how members of the alliance are countries that “dislike” each other, such as Greece and Turkey, but there has not been such tension, much less direct clashes between them, as in the case of some former members of the CST, for a long time .

But perhaps main problem The CST, which was inherited by the CSTO, was the initial refusal of serious attempts to integrate the largest post-Soviet republic after Russia militarily - Ukraine.

Of course, Kyiv and Moscow were subject to serious pressure from the West in the 90s; the “neutrality” of Ukraine was one of the conditions for the withdrawal nuclear weapons from its territory. But the absence of Ukraine in the defensive alliance created by Russia, of course, laid the preconditions for the drift of this country towards NATO and the growing anti-Russian orientation of Ukrainian politics, which reached its apogee during the so-called “Euromaidan”.

The CST in the form in which it existed in the 90s could not quickly respond to the challenges of the time; its reform or dissolution was inevitable.

Work to prepare for the reformatting of the organization began in 2000. An agreement was signed on the basic principles of Military-Technical Cooperation (MTC). In 2001, the Collective Rapid Deployment Forces of the Central Asian Region were created, which were staffed by four battalions from Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan with a total strength of 1,500 people.

At the same time, organs were improved political management and interstate consultations. The Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs and Defense and the Committee of Secretaries of Security Councils were created. The Secretariat of the SSC was organized, a consultation process was established at the level of the SSC, the Council of Foreign Ministers and the Council of Foreign Ministers with the participation of deputy ministers of foreign affairs and defense, experts of the participating states, and their Plenipotentiary representatives under the Secretary General of the Collective Security Council.

The decision to transform the Collective Security Treaty into an international regional organization in accordance with Chapter VIII of the UN Charter was made in Moscow in May 2002 by the heads of Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan.

Neutral Chisinau was chosen as the location for the creation of the CSTO. On October 7, 2002, a summit of the heads of state of the CIS was held in the capital of Moldova, during which the heads of the CST member countries signed statutory documents on the transformation of the latter into the CSTO.

Moldova, we note, just like Ukraine, from the very beginning of its independence, refrained from participating in military cooperation with Russia - due to dissatisfaction with the stay Russian troops in Transnistria. The communist who headed this republic in 2002 Vladimir Voronin was considered a “pro-Russian” president until November of the following year, when at the last moment he refused to sign the already initialed document on the Transnistrian settlement, the so-called “Kozak Memorandum”. After this, there was no longer any talk about Moldova’s possible membership in the CSTO.

CSTO in 2002-2016: through contradictions to strengthen the union

In 2002-2003, when the CSTO was created, most countries considered international terrorism to be the main global threat, as now. The United States was conducting operations in Afghanistan and preparing to invade Iraq. Russian-American relations have experienced a period of relative growth after a sharp deterioration in 1999, when the United States and NATO bombed Yugoslavia without UN authorization.

Initially, no serious political component was planned within the CSTO, only ensuring the security of the participating countries. Political dialogue in Central Asia was conducted either on the basis of the CIS or within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), created in 2001 on the basis of the Shanghai Five, formed as a result of the signing in 1996-1997. agreements between Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Russia and Tajikistan on confidence-building in the military field. Uzbekistan also joined the SCO. The goals and objectives of the SCO were strengthening stability and security in a wide area uniting member states, combating terrorism, separatism, extremism, drug trafficking, developing economic cooperation, energy partnership, scientific and cultural interaction.

It should also be emphasized that the CSTO was not considered as an alternative to NATO. The objectives of the organization were security in Central Asia, as well as military-technical cooperation of the participating countries. The unrestrained, cancer-like expansion of NATO has never been an example to follow for the CSTO members.

However, over time, it became clear that cooperation within the executive branch alone was not enough - to ensure the proper level of interaction, harmonization of legislation was required.

On June 23, 2006, the Minsk session of the CSTO Collective Security Council determined the need to develop the parliamentary dimension of the CSTO within the framework of the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly. Based on this decision and on the Convention on the Interparliamentary Assembly of States Parties of the Commonwealth Independent States, the chairmen of the parliaments of the CIS member states of the CSTO at a meeting on November 16, 2006 adopted a resolution on the creation of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO PA).

As stated on the CSTO PA website, “three permanent commissions have been created within the assembly - on defense and security issues, on political issues and international cooperation, and on socio-economic and legal issues.

In accordance with the Regulations on the Parliamentary Assembly of the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the CSTO PA discusses issues of cooperation between the CSTO member states in the international, military-political, legal and other fields and develops appropriate recommendations, which it sends to the Collective Security Council (CSC) and other CSTO bodies and national parliaments. In addition, the CSTO PA adopts model legislative and other legal acts aimed at regulating relations within the sphere of competence of the CSTO, as well as recommendations for bringing the laws of the CSTO member states closer together and bringing them into line with the provisions of international treaties concluded by these states within the framework of the CSTO."

The full-fledged work of various CSTO structures, unfortunately, has repeatedly been made dependent on the current political or economic situation. For example, negotiations on the creation of the Collective Rapid Reaction Force (CRRF), the main fighting force of the CSTO, in June 2009 were overshadowed by the so-called “milk war” between Russia and Belarus. As a result, representatives of Minsk refused to participate in the CSTO meeting under the pretext that military security is impossible without economic security.

This cast doubt on the legitimacy of the decision to create the CRRF, because according to paragraph 1 of Rule No. 14 of the Rules of Procedure of the CSTO bodies, approved by the CSTO Decision of June 18, 2004, the non-participation of a member country of the organization in meetings of the Collective Security Council, the Council of Foreign Ministers, the Council of Defense Ministers , the Committee of Secretaries of Security Councils means the lack of consent of a member country of the organization to make decisions considered by these bodies.

President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko signed a package of documents on Belarus’ accession to the Collective Rapid Reaction Forces only on October 20, 2009.

In June 2010, the President of Kyrgyzstan Roza Otumbaeva appealed to the President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev with a request to introduce the CRRF into the territory of this country in connection with the unrest and interethnic clashes in the Osh and Jalalab regions. Medvedev responded that “the criterion for the use of CSTO forces is the violation by one state of the borders of another state that is part of this organization. There is no talk about this yet, because all of Kyrgyzstan’s problems are rooted internally. They are rooted in the weakness of the previous government, in their reluctance to deal with the needs of the people. I hope that all the problems that exist today will be resolved by the authorities of Kyrgyzstan. The Russian Federation will help."

This statement became the subject of criticism from the President of Belarus. Alexander Lukashenko said that the CRRF must enter Kyrgyzstan and restore order there. As a result, a compromise decision was made - a reinforced battalion of the 31st Airborne Assault was delivered to the Russian Kant airbase in Kyrgyzstan. airborne brigade for security. Representatives of the CSTO, in turn, took part in the search for the organizers of the riots and ensured coordination of cooperation to suppress the activities of terrorist groups that actually influenced the situation from Afghanistan. Also, CSTO specialists were engaged in identifying instigators and instigators of hatred on the Internet. Non-lethal special equipment, special equipment, and vehicles, including helicopters, were sent to Kyrgyzstan.

Following the events in Kyrgyzstan, CSTO Secretary General Nikolai Bordyuzha issued a special statement, which, in particular, said that all CSTO member countries agreed that the introduction of peacekeeping troops into the republic during mass unrest was inappropriate: “The introduction of troops could would provoke an even greater aggravation of the situation in the region as a whole,” he noted.

In 2011, the same Alexander Lukashenko took the initiative to use the CRRF to prevent coups d'etat. “Because no one will go against us through war, at the front, but to carry out a constitutional revolution, many people’s hands are itching,” he noted then.

In 2012, the CSTO left Uzbekistan for the second time - among the reasons given were both disagreement with the organization’s policy towards Afghanistan and bilateral contradictions with Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. This was not a serious blow to the CSTO - Uzbekistan’s participation during its “second coming” was largely formal.

However, as the terrorist threat in the Middle East and Central Asia intensified and NATO forces approached the borders of Russia and Belarus, it became clear that there was no alternative to the CSTO in the current situation. Providing internal and external security, as well as military-technical cooperation between our countries is possible only with constant and effective interaction of all structures responsible for security, including parliamentary interaction.

By 2016, the CSTO approached as a fairly united and cohesive organization. Exercises of both the CRRF and other structures are regularly held, concepts and strategies are being developed, and interaction has been established with the UN, SCO, CIS, EAEU and other international organizations.

On this occasion, CSTO Secretary General Nikolai Bordyuzha has repeatedly noted that coverage of the CSTO’s activities in Russia is not at the proper level.

“I would like to refer to our latest experience - holding a motorcycle rally in the CSTO member states, with the exception of Armenia, since there were purely technical problems. Representatives of some bike clubs, together with representatives of the Minsk motorcycle plant, traveled through all the states of the bloc, met with the population everywhere, laid wreaths at the graves of military personnel who died in the Great Patriotic War. Patriotic War. According to their estimates, in all states, including small ones populated areas they know quite well about the CSTO, with the exception of the Russian Federation,” he noted at a press conference in 2013.

CSTO PA: great quality potential

Activation of inter-parliamentary cooperation within the framework of the CSTO PA with member countries of the organization, observers and all organizations interested in cooperation becomes important element international security in the Eurasian space and throughout the world.

Some optimism about the development of the situation around the CSTO is inspired by the unanimous election of the Chairman of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, Vyacheslav Volodin, to a similar post in the CSTO Parliamentary Assembly.

This, on the one hand, is a traditional decision - previously the CSTO PA was headed by the speakers of the State Duma of the previous and the year before last convocation Sergey Naryshkin And Boris Gryzlov respectively. But, judging by the changes that took place at the initiative of Vyacheslav Volodin in the State Duma, his chairmanship of the CSTO PA will not be “traditional”.

« It is obvious that the priority direction of the Assembly’s work for the next four years will be the implementation of the program to harmonize the national legislation of the member states of the Treaty - work began this year, the program is designed until 2020. And enough tasks have accumulated; security issues are among the top priorities. Five draft reconciliation documents national laws have already been prepared by the CSTO Standing Committee on Defense and Security. They concern issues of combating corruption, drug trafficking, countering technological terrorism, training personnel in the field of “Security in Emergency Situations,” and responding to crisis situations “, notes one of the Russian federal newspapers.

In his first speech in his new post, Volodin noted that the CSTO currently faces a number of priority tasks, including, in particular, accelerating the formation of a single legal space in the field of defense and security on the territory of the CSTO. Among other important areas of work, he named the parliamentary response to crisis situations not only in the CSTO space, but also beyond its borders.

Afghanistan and Serbia are already observers in the CSTO. Iran and Pakistan should receive this status in 2017. According to the Vice Speaker of the CSTO PA, Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council Yuri Vorobyov, Moldova showed interest in interacting with the CSTO - after the election of a socialist as president Igor Dodon, who has repeatedly stated the need to restore ties with Russia, relations between Moscow and Chisinau may, if not radically improve, then at least become less ideological and more pragmatic.

Among the tasks facing the CSTO PA and the organization as a whole, one can also note the need to establish such interaction with the structures of the CIS, EAEU, SCO and others, which would eliminate duplication of functions and unnecessary competition between employees of the apparatus of these organizations. All of the above interstate organizations face different tasks, and a “hardware war”, or rather, not even a war, but excessive competition will only lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of interaction in all areas, including security.

The organization itself remains quite closed, too focused on very specific security issues, which do not always become public. Experts note that the new chairman of the CSTO PA will be able to give impetus to the public component of the work, firstly, of the Parliamentary Assembly itself, and secondly, of the entire CSTO as a whole.

Here we can say that security issues will require a clear, understandable, and relevant legislative process. An important factor dialogue between civil societies on security issues is emerging. Today there is a kind of debate going on between those who believe that democratic procedures should dominate the system, and between those who believe that security issues today require a departure from some principles. In this case, Volodin’s participation in this discussion will modernize it and raise it to the level of development of the entire civil society. And at the same time it will bring it into line with legislative needs and constitutional status.

The international agenda in the world remains tense, and the election of the US President Donald Trump added unpredictability foreign policy this strongest and most influential country. In such a situation, states interested in maintaining peace and internal tranquility should combine their efforts as much as possible both in the fight against international terrorism and with the desire to masquerade as “democratization” and “the fight for human rights.” Western countries impose their values ​​and weaken as much as possible the traditional way of life in countries of Eastern Europe, Transcaucasia and Central Asia.

Cooperation within the CSTO is a striking example of how the most militarily powerful member of the organization, Russia, does not seek to impose its own values ​​on other participants and does not interfere in domestic policy their partners.

What is the CSTO (decoding)? Who is part of the organization that is often opposed to NATO today? You, dear readers, will find answers to all these questions in this article.

A brief history of the creation of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO transcript)

In 2002, a meeting of the Collective Security Treaty Organization was held in Moscow on the basis of a similar agreement signed in Tashkent ten years earlier (1992), and in October 2002 the CSTO Charter was adopted. We discussed and accepted the main provisions of the association - the Charter and the Agreement, which determined the international These documents became valid the following year.

CSTO tasks, decoding. Who is included in this organization?

In December 2004, the CSTO officially received observer status, which once again confirmed the respect of the international community for this organization.

The CSTO transcript was given above. What are the main tasks of this organization? This:

military-political cooperation;

resolving important international and regional issues;

creation of mechanisms for multilateral cooperation, including in the military component;

ensuring national and collective security;

countering international terrorism, drug trafficking, illegal migration, transnational crime;

ensuring information security.

The main goal of the Collective Security Treaty (CSTO transcript) is to continue and strengthen relations in foreign policy, military, military-technical spheres, to coordinate joint efforts in the fight against international terrorism and other security threats. Its position on the world stage is a large eastern influential military association.

Let's summarize the interpretation of the CSTO (decoding, composition):

The abbreviation stands for Collective Security Treaty Organization.

Today it includes six permanent members - Russia, Tajikistan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Armenia and Kazakhstan, as well as two observer states at the parliamentary assembly - Serbia and Afghanistan.

CSTO at present

The organization can provide comprehensive protection to member states, as well as quickly respond to a large volume of pressing problems and threats both within the bloc and outside its competence.

The tough confrontation between East and West, the USA and the Russian Federation, sanctions and the situation in Ukraine put on the agenda an interesting question about whether the CSTO is capable of becoming an eastern alternative to NATO, or is it nothing more than a cordon sanitaire , intended to create a buffer zone around Russia that serves as an instrument to ensure Russian hegemony in the region?

Key problems of the organization

Currently CSTO time suffers from the same two problems as NATO. First, it is one dominant force bearing the entire financial and military burden, while many members contribute virtually nothing to the alliance. Second, the organization struggles to find a legitimate justification for its existence. Unlike NATO, the CSTO has another fundamental problem - the organization's members are never truly secure and they have different, often quite contradictory, visions of what the CSTO should look like.

While Russia is content to build up its military infrastructure and use the territories of CSTO member states to station troops, other countries often see the organization as a tool to prop up their authoritarian regimes or ease ethnic tensions still remaining from the collapse of the Soviet Union. This stark contrast in how participants view the organization creates an atmosphere of mistrust.

CSTO and Russian Federation

Russia is the successor state of the former superpower, and its leadership experience alone has guaranteed its relevance on the world stage, which puts it several heads above all the member powers and makes it a strong leader in the organization.

By negotiating a number of strategic military deals with CSTO allies, such as the construction of new air bases in Belarus, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia in 2016, Russia has been able to strengthen its presence in these countries and their respective regions, as well as reduce NATO influence there. Despite economic difficulties, Russia is further increasing military spending and plans to complete an ambitious military program modernization until 2020, demonstrating its desire to play more and more important role on a global scale.

In the short term, Russia will achieve its goals and consolidate its influence using the resources of the CSTO. Decoding the leading country is not difficult: it wants to counteract NATO’s aspirations in Central Asia and the Caucasus. By creating the conditions for deeper integration, Russia opened the way for the creation of effective collective security with a structure similar to its Western neighbor.

We hope that now the decoding of the CSTO as a powerful regional organization has become clear to you.

The Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) is a military-political alliance created by the former Soviet republics on the basis of the Collective Security Treaty (CST), signed on May 15, 1992. The contract is renewed automatically every five years.

CSTO members

On May 15, 1992, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan signed a collective security treaty (CST) in Tashkent. Azerbaijan signed the agreement on September 24, 1993, Georgia - on September 9, 1993, Belarus - on December 31, 1993.

The agreement entered into force on April 20, 1994. The contract was for 5 years and could be extended. On April 2, 1999, the presidents of Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan signed a protocol to extend the treaty for the next five-year period, but Azerbaijan, Georgia and Uzbekistan refused to extend the treaty, and in the same year Uzbekistan joined GUUAM.

At the Moscow session of the CST on May 14, 2002, a decision was made to transform the CST into a full-fledged international organization - the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO). On October 7, 2002, the Charter and Agreement on the Legal Status of the CSTO were signed in Chisinau, which were ratified by all CSTO member states and entered into force on September 18, 2003.

On August 16, 2006, a decision was signed in Sochi on the full accession (restoration of membership) of Uzbekistan to the CSTO.

Russia in Lately pins great hopes on this organization, hoping with its help to strengthen its strategic positions in Central Asia. Russia considers this region a zone of its own strategic interests.

At the same time, the US Manas air base is located here on the territory of Kyrgyzstan, and Kyrgyzstan does not intend to do anything to close it. Tajikistan at the beginning of 2006 agreed to a significant build-up of the French military group located on its territory, operating as part of coalition forces in Afghanistan.

To strengthen the position of the CSTO, Russia proposes to reform the collective forces for rapid deployment of the Central Asian region. These forces consist of ten battalions: three each from Russia and Tajikistan, two each from Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. The total number of personnel of the collective forces is about 4 thousand people. The aviation component (10 aircraft and 14 helicopters) is located at the Russian Kant airbase in Kyrgyzstan.

A proposal to expand the scope of activities of collective forces is being considered - in particular, it is planned to use them in Afghanistan.

In connection with Uzbekistan’s accession to the CSTO, it is noted that back in 2005, the Uzbek authorities came up with a project to create international “anti-revolutionary” punitive forces in the post-Soviet space within the CSTO. In preparation for joining this organization, Uzbekistan has prepared a package of proposals for its improvement, including the creation within its framework of intelligence and counterintelligence structures, as well as the development of mechanisms that would allow the CSTO to provide internal security guarantees to the Central Asian states.

The organization is headed by its Secretary General. Since 2003, this has been Nikolai Bordyuzha. As is usual now, he comes from the “authorities”, a colonel general of the border troops. For the last couple of years before the collapse of the USSR, he worked as head of the KGB personnel department. After 1991, he commanded the border troops, and for a short time was the head of the presidential administration under Boris Yeltsin, and secretary of the Security Council. In short, an experienced comrade.

All members of the G7, with the possible exception of Kazakhstan, are in strong political, economic and military dependence on Moscow and need its diplomatic cover.

- The tasks of the CSTO are directly interconnected with integration processes in the post-Soviet space, and this relationship is growing stronger. The advancement of military-political integration in the CSTO format contributes to the deployment of integration processes, actually forms the “integration core” in the CIS, and contributes to the optimal “division of labor” in the Commonwealth. Regarding the place and role of the CSTO in Eurasian Union, if one is formed, they can be very significant, since the Organization’s area of ​​responsibility covers vast spaces of Eurasia, and the Organization’s activities are aimed at creating a system of collective security in Europe and Asia, - said Nikolai Bordyuzha, commenting on the goals of creating the CSTO for the press.

On September 5, at a summit in Moscow, the leaders of the member countries of the Collective Security Treaty Organization adopted a declaration in which they condemned Georgia for aggression, supported Russia’s actions and advocated “for ensuring lasting security for South Ossetia and Abkhazia.” The CSTO countries warned NATO against expanding to the East and announced plans to strengthen the military component of the organization.

Like the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the CSTO spoke in favor of Russia's active role in promoting peace and cooperation in the region. However, the main thing - joint recognition of the two Transcaucasian republics by members of the Organization - did not happen.

The Russian President once again stated the need to strengthen the military component of the CSTO. Actually, there is nothing unusual about this, because the CSTO is a military organization created to protect member countries from external attacks. There are also mutual obligations in the event of an attack on one of the organization’s members. As Medvedev himself admitted, this was the main topic during his negotiations with his colleagues.

The main part of the document was devoted to the current situation in the world and the role of the CSTO itself in it. In the very first lines of the declaration, the leaders of the CSTO countries inform the world community that from now on they “are determined to adhere to close coordination of foreign policy interaction, the line of progressive development of military and military-technical cooperation, improvement of practice collaboration For all questions". At the same time, declaring their firm intention to ensure security in the area of ​​their responsibility, the G7 warned against encroachments on this area, frankly making it clear how it would cooperate: “Serious conflict potential is accumulating in the immediate vicinity of the CSTO area of ​​responsibility. CSTO members call on NATO countries to weigh everything possible consequences expanding the alliance to the East and placing new missile defense facilities near the borders of member states.”

Russia and the CSTO countries intend to form a single list of organizations considered terrorist. Such a decision is planned to be made at the CSTO summit in Yerevan on October 14, Russian Presidential Assistant Yuri Ushakov told reporters.

According to him, the summit will adopt a document “On the regulations on the formation of a unified list of organizations recognized as terrorist in the CSTO format.” “That is, here the procedure for creating and maintaining a single list is determined, the interested party makes a proposal to recognize this or that organization as terrorist, and the corresponding decision of the CSTO member states is made on the basis of a decision of the judicial authorities,” explained the assistant to the Russian leader. He emphasized that a total of 24 documents are planned to be signed following the summit. The first among them, the Kremlin representative named the decision on the collective security strategy until 2025.

“Here the priority of political means in ensuring security is secured, it is noted that internal challenges and threats include terrorism, extremism, recruitment into the ranks of these organizations, incitement of interethnic, interethnic and interfaith conflicts, the use information technologies in order to have a destructive impact on the situation in the member states,” he clarified.

According to Ushakov, the document “external threats include instability and unsettled conflicts in neighboring states, activities to undermine the balance of power, including the unilateral deployment of missile defense, increasing the capabilities of global strike concepts, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, activities to disorganize state power and change the constitutional system in member states of the CSTO."

Ushakov also said that “tasks have been identified against the backdrop of these threats - greater coordination of positions on international and regional problems, improving the defense capabilities of member states, increasing the combat readiness and combat effectiveness of the armed forces, increasing military-technical cooperation, developing cooperation in countering terrorism, organized crime and illegal drug trafficking, improving cooperation on border protection."

Another document will be a list of additional measures to counter international terrorism and extremism in the CSTO format. "This document is important, but carries closed character", Ushakov noted.

According to him, at the summit it is planned to adopt a Statement of Heads of State, which reflects common approaches to the main challenges and threats of our time. “In particular, the readiness of the CSTO states to build relations with all members of the world community on the basis of equality is emphasized,” said the assistant to the Russian leader. He added that “most of the documents are devoted to Syria, the fight against terrorism, and the conviction is expressed that there is no alternative to the Minsk agreements (on the settlement in Ukraine).”

Ushakov noted that the CSTO leaders propose to adopt a separate Statement on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, a Statement on the impact of unilateral actions to deploy a global missile defense system on international security and stability, Statement on ensuring the security of state borders in the CSTO area of ​​responsibility.

Ushakov said that the presidents of Russia, Armenia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan will take part in the CSTO summit. According to him, the sick President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev will be replaced by the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan Bakytzhan Sagintayev.

The summit will open with a meeting in a limited format, followed by a plenary session and a document signing ceremony. The current chairman of the CSTO, President of Armenia Serzh Sargsyan, and President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko, to whom the chairmanship of the CSTO is being transferred, will tell journalists about the results of the summit.

A Kremlin spokesman said that at a meeting in a narrow format, the leaders will discuss “the international situation and current issues ensuring security." He added that the plenary meeting from the Russian side will be attended by Minister of Defense Sergei Shoigu, Secretary of the Security Council Nikolai Patrushev, Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov. We will talk about additional measures to counter international terrorism and the priority areas of the CSTO's activities during its chairmanship Belarus in 2017.