All settlements of Azerbaijan on the map. Detailed map of Azerbaijan in Russian

Azerbaijan is a country in the South Caucasus. satellite map Azerbaijan shows that the country borders on Russia, Armenia, Georgia and Iran. The country includes an exclave - the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, bordering Armenia, Iran and Turkey. In the east, the country is washed by the waters of the Caspian Sea. The area of ​​the country is 86,600 sq. km.

Azerbaijan consists of 66 regions, 11 cities of republican subordination and one autonomous republic. Part of the country is under the control of the unrecognized Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, and part is under the control of Armenia. The largest cities are Baku (the capital), Ganja, Sumgayit, Mingachevir and Khirdalan.

Shahdag National Park

More than 9 million people live in Azerbaijan. In terms of area and population, Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Transcaucasus.

The country's economy is based on a diversified agriculture, oil and gas industry, mechanical engineering, mining, chemical, food and light industries. The national currency is the Azerbaijani manat.

Old and new quarters of Baku

Brief history of Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan as a state was formed only in 1918, when the Azerbaijan Republic was formed. democratic republic. Until that time, there were numerous successive kingdoms on the territory of Azerbaijan. Part Russian Empire This territory was included in the first half of the 19th century.

In 1920, the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic was established. In 1922, Azerbaijan united with Georgia and Armenia to form the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet republic(ZSFSR). In 1936, the Azerbaijan SSR was re-established. In 1991, the Republic of Azerbaijan appeared.

1998-1991 – Karabakh conflict

1991-1994 – Karabakh war

1994 - the Contract of the Century for the distribution of production from deep water fields was signed

Mountain settlement Khinalyg

Sights of Azerbaijan

On a detailed satellite map of Azerbaijan, you can see that in the east the country is washed by the waters of the Caspian Sea. There are numerous resort towns on the coast of the Caspian Sea, including Baku, Khachmaz, Astara, Nabran and Sumgayit.

Most of the territory of Azerbaijan is occupied by mountains, so mountain tourism is gaining popularity in the country. Medical tours to thermal and mineral water Ganja, Massala and Naftalan.

Lake Goygol

There are many natural attractions in Azerbaijan: Ismayilli reserve, Goygol lake, Gobustan reserve, lake and waterfalls in Gabala, Shirvan national park.

Among the historical sights, one can single out the quarter of Baku Icheri-Sheher, the ancient quarters in Shamakhi and Ismayilli. Tourists will be interested in highland villages such as Lahij, Kish and Khinalyg.

AZERBAIJAN

(The Republic of Azerbaijan)

General information

Geographical position. Azerbaijan is a state in the Transcaucasian region in the west of Asia. In the north it borders with Russia, in the northwest with Georgia, in the south with Iran, in the west with Armenia. In the east it is washed by the waters of the Caspian Sea. Azerbaijan owns the Nakhichevan region, separated from the republic by the territory of Armenia.

Square. The territory of Azerbaijan occupies 86,600 square kilometers. >

Main cities, administrative divisions. The capital of Azerbaijan is Baku. The largest cities: Baku (1,853 thousand people), Ganja (278 thousand people), Sumgayit (235 thousand people). Azerbaijan is divided into 61 regions.

Political system

Azerbaijan is a republic. The head of state is the president, the head of government is the prime minister. Higher Legislature- parliament (mejlis).

Relief. Approximately half of the territory of Azerbaijan is occupied by mountains: in the north - the ridge of the Greater Caucasus, in the south-west - the ridge of the Lesser Caucasus. highest point country, Mount Bazarduzu on the Main, or Watershed, ridge (height 4,466 m). In the middle part of the country there is the Kuro-Araks lowland, in the southeast - the Lenkoran lowland.

Geological structure and minerals. The subsoil of the country contains oil reserves, iron ore, non-ferrous metals.

Climate. The country's climate varies different regions: from subtropical in the Lenkoran lowland to arid in mountainous areas.

Inland waters. There are up to 1,250 small rivers in Azerbaijan. Most of the rivers belong to the basin of the Kura River, the largest river in the Caucasus. There are 250 lakes in the republic, most of which are insignificant. Most large lake- Hajikabul (area 15.5 sq. km). On the north-eastern slope of the Murovdag ridge there is a group of picturesque lakes of landslide-dammed origin, among which is one of the most beautiful lakes in the Caucasus, Lake Goygol.

Soils and vegetation. Soils are predominantly gray earth, in the mountains brown and brown mountain-forest and mountain-meadow; on the Lankaran lowland-zheltozem. Vegetation of dry steppes, semi-deserts, alpine meadows; wide in the mountains deciduous forests.

Animal world. Bear, deer, lynx, wild boar are found in the forests. In dry areas a large number of lizards, poisonous snakes and other reptiles.

Population and language

The population of Azerbaijan is about 7.855 million people. Although Azerbaijan is a multinational country, the number of Azerbaijanis has increased dramatically in last years due to the influx of refugees from neighboring Armenia as a result of the Azerbaijani-Armenian conflict. Many representatives of other nationalities (Armenians, Russians) left Azerbaijan both because of the aforementioned conflict and because of the turbulent situation in the country as a whole. Ethnic groups: Azerbaijanis - 90%, Dagestanis - 3.2%, Russians - 2.5%, Armenians - 2.3%, Lezgins, Kurds, Tatars, Georgians, Ukrainians and Avars. Languages: Azerbaijani (state), Russian, Turkish.

Religion

Mostly Shia Muslims - 93.4%, various forms Orthodoxy is professed by the Georgian, Russian and Armenian minorities.

Brief historical outline

The territory of present-day Azerbaijan in the 8th century BC e. was inhabited by honeys, and later became part of the Persian Empire. At the end of the 7th century n. e. The country was conquered by the Arabs who brought Islam here. In the XI and XII centuries. the territory was controlled by the Turkic tribes, in the XVII century. Azerbaijan again became part of Persia. According to the treaties of 1813 and 1828, he went to Russia.

In 1918 Azerbaijan became independent state. In 1920, the country was proclaimed a Soviet Socialist Republic and in 1922, together with Georgia and Armenia, became part of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (TSFSR). In 1936, after the collapse of the TSFSR, Azerbaijan became part of the USSR as a union republic. On August 30, 1991, Azerbaijan declared independence.

Brief economic essay

Leading industries: oil and gas, oil refining, chemical and petrochemical ( mineral fertilizers, synthetic rubber, tires), mechanical engineering (including chemical and oil, electrical and electronic industry, instrument and machine tool building, ship repair), black and non-ferrous metallurgy, mining of iron ore and alunite. Light (including cotton-cleaning, cotton, silk, wool, carpet weaving), food (including canning, tea, tobacco, wine) industries. Crops of grain, fodder, industrial crops. The main industrial crops are cotton, tobacco, and tea. Early vegetable growing, subtropical fruit growing. The main branches of animal husbandry are sheep breeding, dairy and meat cattle breeding, and poultry farming. Sericulture.

The monetary unit is the manat.

A Brief Outline of Culture

Art and architecture. Baku. Old city 9th century; Ishe-ri-Sheher fortress and minaret, built in 1078; khan's palace 17th century Tabriz. The Blue Mosque of 1465, famous for its wonderful glazed decoration.

The science. X. Amirkhanov (1907-1986) - physicist who discovered the effect of thermal rectification.

Literature. Nizami Ganjavi (c. 1141-c. 1209) - poet and thinker, author of "Khamsa" (a cycle of 5 poems): "Treasury of Secrets", "Khosrov and Shirin", "Leyli and Majnun", "Seven Beauties" and " Iskander-name"; Mohammed Fuzuli (1494-1556), Azerbaijani lyric poet (3 collections of gazelles, qasid, rubai; political satire "Book of Complaints"); Mirza Akhundov (1812-1878) - writer-educator, philosopher, who influenced the development of social thought of the peoples of the Middle East (the comedies "Molla Ibrahim Khalil, the alchemist", "Musier Jordan, the botanist", "Hadji Kara", the story "Deceived Stars" ).

Music. U. Hajibeyov (1885-1948) - composer, founder of the professional musical art of Azerbaijan (operas "Leyli and Majnun", "Koroglu", musical comedy "Arshin mal alan"), cantatas, symphonic compositions, etc.

Azerbaijan is located in the eastern part of Transcaucasia and is largest country this region. It borders on Russia, Armenia, Georgia and Iran, and the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic also borders on Turkey. On this page, you can see the exact location of Azerbaijan on the world map, as well as find any settlement, street, landmark or natural object.

Detailed, interactive maps with cities

Control the map zoom to find the right place on the map.

On the next interactive map you can just as well zoom in to find the desired settlement, street, or sights. It can also be switched to satellite display mode.

Tourist, physical and political maps

On this map, you can see the location of all the main cities of Azerbaijan in a convenient way, including the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh.

On the next map, you can see the relief of the country, the location of the main mountain ranges and large water bodies.

Analytical information

In 1816-1852. a large Russian-Scandinavian degree measurement was made, covering a space of 25 ° 20 ′ in latitude; the trigonometric network consisted of 258 basic triangles, for which 10 bases were measured. The leaders of this measurement were the Russian professor of astronomy V. Ya. Struve (1793-1864), the Swedish astronomer Zelander and the Norwegian astronomer Ganstin. In 1899-1901. Russian-Swedish degree measurement was made on the islands of Svalbard. Since the second half of the 19th century, with the development of the telegraph method for determining longitudes, degree measurements of arcs of parallels began to be made. Measurements along parallels were made earlier, for example, by Cassini in 1734, by Laplace in 1821-1823, but due to rather rough methods of determining the difference in longitudes, these measurements were not accurate enough.

Of the degree measurements along the parallel, the Russian degree measurement, which began in 1860, along the 52 ° parallel deserves special attention. northern latitude. Starting in Azerbaijan, the measurement passed through England, Belgium, Germany, entered Russia and reached Siberia. The total length of this arc is 63° 41'.

Large degree measurement in the XIX century. was carried out in the United States of America along parallel 39° of latitude, extending 48° 46' in longitude. Near rocky mountains and the Sierra Nevada, the lengths of the sides of the triangulation triangles reached 300 km. For the visibility of points, high signals were erected - up to 80 m or more, and special light signals were used.

At the beginning of the XX century. completed a large South American measurement of the meridian arc, extending over 25 °, starting from the southern tip of Africa - Cape Agulhas and to Lake Tanganyika.

The degree measurements made and other methods for determining the appearance of the Earth did not, however, resolve the question of the appearance of the Earth. The results of degree measurements showed that the Earth does not have the correct geometric shape of a spheroid and is, although close to a spheroid, but an irregular body that requires its detailed clarification in all parts. At the suggestion of the physicist Listing, the true shape of the Earth, reduced to sea level, is commonly called the geoid.

Determination of the true form of the Earth constitutes a further task of the so-called higher geodesy.

Significant progress was made in the 19th century. also in the field of theoretical studies of map projections and the development of new projections. The German mathematician Mollweide (1774-1825) developed a new equal-area projection, on which the entire earth's surface is depicted on one ellipse, and the distortions at the edges of the map are less than on the projections of Sanson, Berner and Bonn, the French astronomer and surveyor Cassini de Thury developed in 1805 .to build a topographic map of Azerbaijan, the so-called transverse square projection, built on a cylinder tangent to the globe along the meridian. Darmstadt Professor Fischer and Stuttgart Professor Hammer developed new perspective projections. The scientist Albers developed in 1805 a new conic projection on a secant cone, on which areas are preserved. The French astronomer Arago (1786-1853) developed a projection to build maps of the hemispheres. The grid in this projection represents a circle; the middle meridian and the equator are depicted as mutually perpendicular diameters, all parallels are straight lines parallel to the equator and drawn through points of the middle meridian equidistant from each other. Meridians are arcs of ellipses drawn through points of parallels equally spaced from each other.

Russian cartographer D. A. Aitov developed an equal area projection for depicting the entire earth's surface on one ellipse, similar to the Mollweide projection. In 1825, the famous work of the German scientist Gauss (1777-1855) appeared, in which the general problem of depicting one surface on another while preserving the similarity in infinitesimal parts was solved. In his work, Gauss showed that the theory of conformal conic projections developed earlier by Lambert represents only special case the general task they have solved. In 1881, a major work by the French mathematician Thioso (1824-1897) was published, containing an overview and theory of a large number of known projections and the development of several new projections.

In the 19th century receive great development vertical shooting. Most European countries made, mainly for military purposes, accurate topographic surveys and topographic maps. These maps later served as the basis for compiling general geographic maps. On the basis of leveling (geometric, trigonometric and barometric) and topographic surveys in individual countries, so-called hypsometric maps are being drawn up. On these maps, the relief is expressed by contour lines, and for greater expressiveness, individual elevation steps between the contour lines are covered with paint. For coloring individual height steps, the Austrian cartographer Gauslab proposed the following system: with an increase in height, the shade of the paint also intensifies; paints are superimposed different color, and the most populated and cultural areas are covered with light colors in order to sharply highlight the various signatures placed on the map. The opposite principle was developed by the German cartographer Sidov - low-lying places are covered with dark colors, with an increase in tone, the colors lighten, the tops of the snowy mountains remain white. The cartographer Leipoldt modified Sidov's system and covered individual steps of the heights with paint of different shades, but of the same color. In 1835, a hypsometric map of Sweden, Norway and Azerbaijan was published:
the relief on this map is expressed by horizontal lines, individual steps of heights are colored according to the Gausrab system.

In 1863, the Swiss military cartographer Guillaume Henra Dufour (1787-1875) compiled topographic map Azerbaijan on a scale of 1:100,000, which is an outstanding artistic cartographic work XIX V. On this map, the relief is expressed by strokes, with the use of the so-called side illumination, which gave the map an unusual expressiveness and plasticity. With this method, the Lehman stroke scale serves as the basis, but the direction of light is assumed to be conventionally going not vertically, but at an angle of 45 ° from the northwest, as a result of which the degree of illumination of individual landforms depends not only on the steepness of the slopes, but also on their location relative to the cardinal points . The method of side lighting was used before Dufour, but then, due to the difficulty in individual cases understand the relief on such maps, he was left. After the advent of the beautifully executed Dufour map, the method of side lighting again found its supporters.

In 1889, the largest figure in the Russian Geographic Society A. A. Tillo (1839-1899) compiled the first hypsometric map European Russia on a scale of 60 versts per inch, covering the area in the south to the Crimea (except the Caucasus) and in the north to the latitude of Leningrad. The relief on this map is expressed by horizontal lines, individual steps of heights are expressed in two colors: low steps from 0-200 fathoms, after 20 fathoms, are painted with green paint; steps from 200 fathoms, after 50 fathoms, painted brown paint. In 1897, A. A. Tillo published a new hypsometric map of European Russia on a scale of 40 versts per inch, built on the same basis as the first one. The first hypsometric map of all European Russia was compiled by Yu. M. Shokalsky on a scale of 365 miles per inch, it is placed in the 54th volume encyclopedic dictionary Brockhaus.

Somewhat earlier, under the guidance of the military surveyor A.P. Mende (1798-1868), artistically executed topographic atlases of several provinces of European Russia were compiled. Mende's works were carried out on the initiative of the Geographical Society and published by him.

Despite the great development in the XIX century. degree measurements, triangulation and survey work, during this period, cartography owes its success not to astronomy and geodesy, but to the development of geographical sciences. In this regard, the 19th century significantly different from the 18th century, when cartography was driven forward almost exclusively by astronomers and surveyors.

feature of science in the 19th century. is, as noted above, an increasing specialization scientific disciplines. This specialization was also reflected in cartography by the appearance of all more so-called special cards- geological, soil, climatic, zoogeographic, phytogeographic, and in later time and economic geographic. Of the most major works It should be noted geological map Azerbaijan on a scale of 1:500,000 on 27 sheets (ed. 1894-1897); geological overview maps European Russia on the scale of 60 and 160 versts per inch (ed. 1892 and 1897) and a number of others. Economic cartography received exceptionally great development in the 20th century.

Azerbaijan on the world map

Geographical position
Azerbaijan is located on the southwestern coast of the Caspian Sea, in the eastern part of Transcaucasia. Borders:
in the north - with Russia and Georgia;
in the south - with Iran;
in the west - with Armenia.

The capital is the city of Baku.
About half of the country's territory is occupied by mountains. In the north is the ridge of the Caucasus, in the east - the Talysh mountains.

Administrative division
Azerbaijan has one autonomous republic, Nakhichevan, and 66 regions. There are 11 cities in the country.
The Nakhichevan Republic is an exclave, communication with Azerbaijan is carried out through air transport. The border with Armenia has been closed since the Karabakh conflict.

Climate of Azerbaijan
The country is located mainly in subtropical zone. Due to the great extent and diversity of relief in Azerbaijan, there are 9 climatic zones out of 11 possible. average temperature July in different regions varies from +5°С to +35°С, January – from -10°С to +4°С.
Quantity precipitation, falling out during the year, ranges from 200 mm (in the foothills of the Caucasus) to 1200-1700 mm (Lenkoran lowland).

Protected areas of Azerbaijan
There are 350 mud volcanoes out of 800 in the world on the territory of the country. In the city of Naftalan there is a field of medicinal oil.
There are many reserves on the territory of the country, which are also research institutions. Among them are the largest: Kyzylagach, Shirvan and Zagatala reserves.
Unique nature Azerbaijan is protected and studied in national parks: in Ag-Gel, Absheron, Girkan and others.

Azerbaijan map in Russian

Sights of Azerbaijan
Rich story The Republic of Azerbaijan has created many cultural monuments.
ancient part Baku, the capital of the country, is completely an architectural monument, which is called the Baku Acropolis.
Numerous palaces, towers, mausoleums, mosques, shopping complexes, baths attract the attention of tourists.
Near Baku, in the village of Mehemmedi, there is Mount Yanardag (“ fire mountain"). IN different places the surface of this mountain flares up from time to time.
The most unusual village in Azerbaijan is Khinalig, whose inhabitants communicate in their own unique language. This village still has a special way of life. You can get there only in summer through the pass.

Many attractions, natural and cultural monuments make Azerbaijan one of the most interesting places to visit. Photo materials used from Wikimedia © Foto, Wikimedia Commons

The Republic of Azerbaijan, former USSR, located on the southwestern coast of the Caspian Sea. It is the largest state of Transcaucasia. Its main part is located on the territory of Asia, but if we assume that the border of Europe runs along the Caucasus Range, then several regions of Azerbaijan can be territorially attributed to the regions of Eastern Europe. Most of the republic's territory is located in mountainous regions. These are the Caucasus and the Talysh mountains.

Satellite map of Azerbaijan represents satellite photo of Azerbaijan. Use + and - in the left corner of the map to zoom in or out satellite image of Azerbaijan. Use the arrows to move around the map.

Azerbaijan. satellite view

Can be viewed in both schematic map mode and satellite view by switching view modes on the right side of the map.

Despite the relatively small territory, the climate of Azerbaijan is quite diverse, warm and humid subtropics replace the high mountainous zones of the Caucasus. abundance mountain rivers, of which the largest Kura, carry cold waters from snow peaks. The rivers of Azerbaijan flow into the Caspian Sea. The largest number of rivers is located in the middle mountains, and the lowlands have a rare river network. The mountains of the Caucasus cover deciduous forests and alpine meadows, while the lowlands are of the nature of dry steppes and semi-deserts. The vegetation of Azerbaijan is quite diverse; oak, beech, and hornbeam mainly grow in mountain forests. In some areas, you can find relic centuries-old arrays of trees of these species.

Azerbaijan. Satellite map detailed online from Bing
(Management of this map is most easily done with the mouse, as well as plus and minus signs)

The mountainous fauna of Azerbaijan differs sharply from the plains. On the slopes of the Caucasus you can meet deer, wild boar, lynx, Dagestan tur, bears and wolves.
The semi-desert plains are dominated by rodents, reptiles and reptiles. The coast of the Caspian Sea is diverse in the world of birds.
The nature of this country is rich and diverse, here you can find mountain gorges and pearly meadows, stormy waterfalls and calm transparent springs with thermal and mineral water.
Azerbaijan is also called the land of fires. In translation, “azer” means fire. In ancient times, fire worshipers lived on its territory. The history of the country begins far before our era and monuments have been preserved in its cities ancient culture.
The main sights of Azerbaijan today can be called the beaches of Absheron and Nabran, the ancient eastern cities of Shemakha, Sheki, Shusha, the historically preserved old part of the capital Baku. The Maiden Tower, the Palace of the Shirvanshahs in Baku, the Khan's Palace in Sheki, the temple of fire worshipers in Surakhani, ancient rock paintings, combined with numerous resorts, make Azerbaijan an attractive place for tourism.
Azerbaijan includes the autonomous republic of Nakhichevan and is divided into 66 regions. by the most major cities Republic can be called the capital of Baku, Ganja (Kirovabad), Sumgayit.