Eurasian Union member countries. Eurasian Economic Union - what is it? EAEU member countries. Information integration and IT projects

The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is an international integration economic association (union), the agreement on the creation of which was signed on May 29, 2014 and comes into force on January 1, 2015. The union included Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus. The EAEU was created on the basis Customs Union the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) to strengthen the economies of the participating countries and “bring closer to each other”, to modernize and increase the competitiveness of the participating countries in the world market. The EAEU member states plan to continue economic integration in the coming years.

History of the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union

In 1995, the presidents of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia and later joining states - Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan signed the first agreements on the creation of the Customs Union. Based on these agreements, the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) was created in 2000.

On October 6, 2007, in Dushanbe (Tajikistan), Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia signed an agreement on the creation of a single customs territory and the Customs Union Commission as a single permanent governing body of the Customs Union.

The Eurasian Customs Union or the Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia was born on January 1, 2010. The customs union was launched as a first step towards the formation of a broader type European Union economic union of former Soviet republics.

The creation of the Eurasian Customs Union was guaranteed by 3 different treaties signed in 1995, 1999 and 2007. The first agreement in 1995 guaranteed its creation, the second in 1999 guaranteed its formation, and the third in 2007 announced the creation of a single customs territory and the formation of a customs union.

Access of products to the territory of the Customs Union was granted after checking these products for compliance with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union that are applicable to these products. As of December 2012, 31 Technical Regulations of the Customs Union have been developed, which cover various types of products, some of which have already entered into force, and some of which will enter into force before 2015. Some technical regulations will still be developed.

Before the Technical Regulations came into force, the basis for access to the market of the member countries of the Customs Union were the following rules:

1. National certificate - for product access to the market of the country where this certificate was issued.

2. Certificate of the Customs Union - a certificate issued in accordance with the “List of products subject to mandatory assessment (confirmation) of conformity within the Customs Union” - such a certificate is valid in all three member countries of the Customs Union.

Since November 19, 2011, member states have implemented the work of a joint commission (Eurasian Economic Commission) to strengthen closer economic ties to create the Eurasian Economic Union by 2015.

On January 1, 2012, the three states formed the Common Economic Space to promote further economic integration. All three countries have ratified a basic package of 17 agreements governing the launch of the Common Economic Space (CES).

On May 29, 2014, an agreement on the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union was signed in Astana (Kazakhstan).

On January 1, 2015, the EAEU began to function as part of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. On January 2, 2015, Armenia became a member of the EAEU. Kyrgyzstan has announced its intention to participate in the EAEU.

Economy of the Eurasian Economic Union

The macroeconomic effect from the integration of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan into the EAEU is created due to:

Reduced prices for goods due to reduced costs of transporting raw materials or exporting finished products.

Stimulating “healthy” competition in the common market of the EAEU through an equal level of economic development.

Increasing competition in the common market of the member countries of the Customs Union, thanks to the entry of new countries into the market.

Increase in average wages due to reduced costs and increased labor productivity.

Increasing production due to increased demand for goods.

Increasing the well-being of peoples EAEU countries, thanks to lower food prices and increased employment.

Increasing the return on investment of new technologies and products due to increased market volume.

At the same time, the signed version of the agreement on the creation of the EAEU was of a compromise nature, and therefore a number of planned measures were not implemented in full. In particular, the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) and the Eurasian Economic Court did not receive broad powers to monitor compliance with the agreements. If the EEC resolutions are not implemented, the controversial issue is considered by the Eurasian Economic Court, whose decisions are only advisory in nature, and the issue is finally resolved at the level of the Council of Heads of State. Besides, current issues on the creation of a unified financial regulator, on policy in the field of energy trade, as well as on the problem of the existence of exemptions and restrictions on trade between members of the EAEU were postponed until 2025 or indefinitely.

Characteristics of the EAEU countries (as of 2014)

Source - CIA World Factbook

Governing bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union

The governing bodies of the EAEU are the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council and the Eurasian Economic Commission.

The Supreme Eurasian Economic Council is the highest supranational body of the EAEU. The council includes heads of state and government. The Supreme Council meets at the level of heads of state at least once a year, at the level of heads of government - at least twice a year. Decisions are made by consensus. Decisions made become mandatory in all participating states. The Council determines the composition and powers of other regulatory structures.

The Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) is one permanent regulatory body (supranational governing body) in the EAEU. The main task of the EEC is to provide conditions for the development and functioning of the EAEU, as well as the development of economic integration initiatives within the EAEU.

The powers of the Eurasian Economic Commission are defined in Article 3 of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Commission of November 18, 2010. All rights and functions of the previously existing Customs Union Commission were delegated to the Eurasian Economic Commission.

Within the competence of the Commission:

• customs tariffs and non-tariff regulation;
• customs administration;
• technical regulation;
• sanitary, veterinary and phytosanitary measures;
• crediting and distribution of import customs duties;
• establishment of trade regimes with third countries;
• statistics of foreign and domestic trade;
• macroeconomic policy;
• competition policy;
• industrial and agricultural subsidies;
• energy policy;
• natural monopolies;
• state and municipal procurement;
• domestic trade in services and investment;
• transport and transportation;
• monetary policy;
• intellectual property and copyright;
• migration policy;
• financial markets (banking, insurance, foreign exchange and stock markets);
• and some other areas.

The Commission ensures the implementation international treaties, constituting the legal basis of the Eurasian Economic Union.

The Commission is also the depository of international treaties that formed the legal basis of the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space, and now the EAEU, as well as decisions of the Supreme Eurasian economic council.

Within its competence, the Commission adopts non-binding documents, such as recommendations, and can also make decisions that are binding in the EAEU member countries.

The Commission's budget is made up of contributions from member states and approved by the heads of EAEU member states.

Possible new members of the Eurasian Economic Union

The main contenders for joining the EAEU are Armenia and Kyrgyzstan. In July 2014, news appeared that Armenia would sign an agreement to join the Eurasian Economic Union before September 10, 2014. There is information that negotiations between Armenia and the founding countries of the EAEU and the Eurasian Economic Commission have been completed. The agreement on Armenia’s accession to the EAEU is in the hands of the governments of Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus, where it is going through the necessary bureaucratic stages, and after the governments’ decision, the question of where the presidents of Armenia and the EAEU countries will meet to sign the agreement will be raised.

It is also reported that Kyrgyzstan may soon join the EAEU member countries. However, no specific deadlines have been set for this country’s entry into the EAEU (previously the date was announced - until the end of 2014). In addition, the population of the country, apparently, is not particularly keen to join the EAEU. This conclusion can be drawn based on civic engagement when collecting signatures for a petition in support of Kyrgyzstan’s accession to the Customs Union and the EAEU. To date, only 38 people have signed the appeal.

Russians are also suspicious of Kyrgyzstan's possible accession to the Eurasian Economic Union. This is evidenced by the results of a survey conducted All-Russian Center studying public opinion(VTsIOM). According to researchers, only 20% of respondents were in favor of Kyrgyzstan joining the union, and Moldova had the same number of votes. The most desirable country that Russians would like to see as an ally turned out to be Armenia. 45% of respondents voted for it.

Every fifth person expects Azerbaijan and Moldova to join the EAEU (23% and 20%, respectively). Only 17% of survey participants are in favor of Uzbekistan joining the EAEU, and 14% of Tajikistan and Georgia each. Respondents were least likely to speak out in favor of attracting Ukraine to the Eurasian Economic Union - 10%. And 13% of respondents believe that the EAEU should not be expanded yet.

Public opinion poll in the CIS regarding integration

Since 2012, the Eurasian Development Bank (established in Russia and Kazakhstan) has been conducting regular surveys of the opinions of residents of individual states regarding Eurasian integration projects. The following question was asked to residents of individual countries: “Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia united in the Customs Union, which freed trade between the three countries from duties, and created a Single Economic Space (essentially a single market of the three countries). How do you feel about this decision?

The results of the total “profitable” and “very profitable” answers are given below:

As you can see, the idea of ​​​​creating a Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Union is generally approved and looks “profitable” in the eyes of the majority of the population in almost everyone, with the exception of Azerbaijan, the CIS countries and even Georgia.

Meanwhile, the United States in its foreign policy oppose the Customs Union and the EAEU, arguing that this is an attempt to restore Russian dominance in the post-Soviet space and create a union like the USSR.

The Customs Union is an organization that has legal personality obtained under the Treaty on the Economic Union of the Eurasian States. The document was signed on May 29, 2014.

Members of the Customs Union

The creation of the Union is aimed at ensuring the solution of the following issues:

• To help coordinate, harmonize, and develop a unified policy regarding all sectors of the economy.
• Ensure free movement work force, as well as finance, services, goods.

Currently, the following states are participants in the Customs Union:

• Russia,
• Kyrgyzstan,
• Kazakhstan,
• Armenia,
• Belarus.

Also, Tunisia, Syria and Turkey stated that they intend to join the Customs Union. But so far, these countries have not taken any concrete steps for this.

The evolution of the process will help to better understand the prerequisites and goals of creating a TS.

1. The first agreement, which became the basis for the creation of the Union, was signed by Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia in 1995. Later, the agreement was signed by representatives of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan.
2. 2007 Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus have concluded the following agreement. It said that the listed countries agreed to build a Customs Union with a single customs territory.
3. year 2009. The previously signed document was supplemented by many additional international treaties, there were more than forty of them. In addition, it was decided that from the first days of 2010 a single customs space will be formed. It will include the territory of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan.
4. 2010 A common code was adopted for the listed states. At the same time, a single tariff comes into effect.
5. In 2011, the removal of customs controls between the countries of the Union. It was moved to the outer borders.
6. From 2011 to 2013. Development and adoption of legislative norms common to the CU countries. In addition, a unified law on product safety was developed.
7. In 2014, the CU was replenished with one more country, Armenia, and the following year Kyrgyzstan also became a member of the Union.

In other words, integration processes were developed throughout the period. As a result, general norms of legislation and customs tariffs should be developed so that it would be possible to carry out trade operations with those states that were not included in the Customs Union.

The main goal pursued by the powers that signed the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union is to strengthen economic ties. First of all, strengthening ties was meant between the participating countries, and then with those states that were part of the Soviet Union. And also the task is to restore the once existing technological and economic chains. But this will have to happen taking into account the current economic and political situation of each state.

Who controls the EEC?

The following structures coordinate and manage the work of the EAEU bodies:

• Higher Eurasian ES. This is the name given to a supranational body. It consists of the heads of countries that have become members of the CU. The meeting of the Supreme Council takes place annually. It makes regular decisions that all participating countries must implement. In addition, the council is responsible for determining the composition and powers of various CU structures.
• Eurasian Commission on Economics. This is the regulatory body of the Union, which works constantly. Except general issues, the commission also decides those related to customs regulation and international trade. It also develops and provides conditions for the development of the vehicle and its normal operation.

The powers of the commission are quite extensive; it is authorized to resolve almost all issues:

1. Technical regulation.
2. Customs administration.
3. Trade statistics.
4. Procurement
5. Monetary policy.
6. Macroeconomic policy.
7. Concerning transportation, transport.
8. Subsidies for agricultural or industrial enterprises.
9. Financial markets.
10. Migration policy.
11. Trade regime with third countries.
12. Competition policies, energy.
13. Copyright compliance.
14. Measures regarding sanitary/veterinary standards.
15. Natural monopoly and other areas.

Governing bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union

In addition, the duties of the commission include ensuring the implementation of the legal basis Union of International Treaties.

The Commission is competent to approve documents and make decisions that the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union will be obliged to implement.

TC goals and their implementation

The first goal of the CU concerned issues related to increasing markets where Union members could sell the goods and services they produced. So that, first of all, sales grow within it.

For this purpose the following was proposed:

1. Cancel internal customs duties. Thanks to this, the price attractiveness of products produced by member countries of the Union could increase.
2. Cancel customs control and preparation of documents for the movement of products. This helped speed up the turnover of goods within the Union.
3. Accept General requirements on veterinary safety standards and sanitary and epidemiological issues. It was proposed to obtain this based on the results of joint tests.

In order to unify the approach to safety and quality, the participating countries signed an agreement that all products offered for sale must have a certificate. Its form was specified in one of the Customs Union documents.

This agreement contains more than 30 regulations. All of them relate to the quality of services/products and their safety. Moreover, a certificate issued by one member state of the Union remains valid in other member states.

The following TS goals:

• Create all conditions so that the member countries of the Union can primarily sell their own products.
• Protect the domestic vehicle market.

Unfortunately, to date, no mutual understanding has been reached between the states on the listed points. Each of them has its own priorities regarding the development of production and intends to primarily protect its own interests, and not take care of the production of its neighbors. Because of this, both importing enterprises and the population suffer.

Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia

Eurasian Union (EAC), full title Eurasian Economic Union - project of a union of sovereign states with a single political [source not specified 1112 days] , economic, military and customs space, proposed to be created on the basis of the union of Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus and the corresponding sectoral close integration structures of the CIS - EurAsEC, SES, CSTO, Customs Union.
Project history Eurasian Union

Due to the collapse of the USSR at the end of the 20th century, a need arose among the public and a number of politicians in some former Soviet republics to restore close integration. IN beginning of XXI century, the idea of ​​post-Soviet Eurasian integration and new Eurasianism became widespread again, and its most famous supporters and ideologists are: the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev, Russian President Vladimir Putin, philosophers and political scientists Alexander Dugin, Alexander Panarin, Sergey Gavrov, Kyrgyz writer Chingiz Aitmatov and many others.

The need to create a Eurasian Union was first written about in the 20s and 30s. 20th century classical Eurasians - N. S. Trubetskoy, P. N. Savitsky and G. V. Vernadsky. They saw this as a gradual transformation of the Soviet Union into the Eurasian Union, by changing the communist ideology to the Eurasian one.

The first such detailed project of the Union Soviet Republics Europe and Asia - the European-Asian Union was proposed even before the collapse of the USSR by academician A.D. Sakharov.

With the collapse of the USSR, another project for creating a confederal Union Sovereign States was not implemented, only a poorly integrated international (interstate) association, the Commonwealth of Independent States, was created.

According to the following detailed project of March 1994, the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev It was assumed that initially the Eurasian Union would include five republics of the former USSR: Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. In the future, other states may join the Union - Armenia, Uzbekistan, Moldova, as well as, possibly, self-proclaimed post-Soviet states - Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria, the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.

At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, Russia and Belarus created first the Community, and then union state, however, the need for a broader such Union remained.

The process of creating sectoral integration structures of the CIS was dynamic, but the project of the Eurasian Union remained only on paper until it was inspired in December 2010 new life at the EurAsEC summit. In the fall of 2011, the Eurasian Union project received a new impetus from the publication of the Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin articles “A new integration project for Eurasia - the future that is being born today” (2011). Putin, and after him United Russia leader Boris Gryzlov, in the article “The Future is Ours” in Nezavisimaya Gazeta, argued that the creation of the Eurasian Union will allow Russia to become another global pole of influence.

2010

After the formation of the Customs Union in December 2010, at the EurAsEC summit in Moscow, agreements were reached on the creation of the Eurasian Union on the basis of the Common Economic Space of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia. As the President stated Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev,

We agreed (not immediately and not without difficulty) to create a Eurasian Union with Kazakhstan and Belarus. A very important decision. Let's develop together.

Medvedev did not rule out the possibility of including Kyrgyzstan in the union:

Our new union and now the Common Economic Space - they will be open to the entry of other countries... This means that we extend a hand of cooperation to our closest neighbors, our friends, thereby creating conditions for them to modernize the economy and improve the quality of life of people.

2011

The movement forward is intensive, we expect that next year we will sign the declaration of the Eurasian Union, which can and should begin its activities in 2013.

On October 3, 2011, an article written personally appeared in the Izvestia newspaper Vladimir Putin. In it, the author discusses the creation of the Eurasian Union on the basis of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, “capable of becoming one of the poles modern world» .

I am convinced that the creation of the Eurasian Union, effective integration is the path that will allow its participants to take their rightful place in complex world XXI century. Only together can our countries become among the leaders of global growth and civilizational progress and achieve success and prosperity. .

Moscow would like to create a single currency of the Eurasian Union with a single emission center.

October 19, 2011 heads of state Eurasian Economic Community decided to join Kyrgyzstan Customs Union, which currently includes Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. This was announced during a meeting of the heads EurAsEC countries General Secretary of the organization Tair Mansurov.

“Somewhere at the turn of 2015, we may approach, if we act as energetically as we have worked so far, the implementation of the idea of ​​​​creating the Eurasian Union.”

October 16, 2011, at a meeting interstate council Eurasian Economic Community (the highest body of the Customs Union) at the level of heads of government, Kazakhstan blocks the name “Eurasian Union”. The draft union is sent for revision.

On October 24, 2011, the largest parliamentary party of communists in Moldova called on the authorities to take a course towards joining the Eurasian Union, without abandoning European integration.

November 18, 2011, in Moscow, President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev, President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko and head of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev signed a declaration on Eurasian economic integration.

year 2012

On January 1, 2012, on the territory of the three member countries of the Customs Union, the Common Economic Space (SES) began to operate. The SES integration agreements, adopted on November 18, 2011, will come into full effect in July 2012. The purpose of the formation of the SES is to create conditions for the stable and effective development of the economies of the participating states and improve the living standards of the population.

Following the creation of the Customs Union and the formation of the Common Economic Space, the partner states intend to begin creating a supranational - Eurasian - parliament, State Duma Chairman Sergei Naryshkin said during a working visit to St. Petersburg.

IN last years“Integration processes are actively underway in the CIS,” he explained, “a Customs Union and a single economic space have already been created, which will become the basis for the formation of the future Eurasian Union.

New supranational structure According to Naryshkin, transparent and understandable economic and other legislation will be required. However, those supranational bodies that are currently being formed or have already been created, for example, the Eurasian Economic Commission, “cannot and should not take on parliamentary tasks.” They will have to be resolved by the supranational parliament.

It is still premature to talk about the structure of the future legislative body of the Eurasian Union. According to preliminary data, work on its creation will begin with the formation of a special parliamentary commission in the State Duma, which will develop a certain legislative procedure for the formation of a supranational parliament for Russia. In the future, it is planned to create a working group from among Russian parliamentarians, which, together with colleagues from Belarus and Kazakhstan, will begin to develop comprehensive proposals on issues of unified economic legislation for further discussion.

On September 18, 2012, the Majilismen of the Kazakhstan Parliament rejected the idea of ​​​​creating a unified Eurasian Parliament. The head of the Committee on International Affairs, Defense and Security of the Mazhilis, Maulen Ashimbaev, and the secretary of the Nur Otan People's Democratic Party, Erlan Karin, voiced their principled position. Politicians stated:

Despite all attempts to speed up the creation of supranational political structures, in reality, such a formulation of the issue is not and will not be on the general agenda. I will say even more - the creation of a supranational political structure cannot be discussed by us in principle, since this directly affects the sovereignty of our country. And the principle of sovereignty is clearly enshrined in the Constitution, and, moreover, according to the laws of our country, such issues cannot even be submitted to a national referendum.

At the moment, the Eurasian Dialogue discussion platform has been created at the European Club, which is designed to find future problematic issues in the creation of the Eurasian Union and, if possible, solve them.

November 4, 2012, National Unity Day, Eurasian Youth Union and the Eurasia Party announced the start of preparations for an all-Russian referendum on the creation of the Eurasian Union, which is scheduled for 2013. The organizing committee invited all public and political organizations in Russia to join the initiative, and the collection of signatures in support of it began.

On December 19, 2012, Advisor to the President of Russia Sergei Glazyev stated that the issue of introducing a single currency within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union has been discussed several times, but there is no positive decision yet. And then he made the following statement:

Within the framework of the Customs Union, the dominance of the ruble naturally occurs. ...
If we exclude the dollar and the euro, in which payments are still made mainly for energy resources, the weight of the ruble in the mutual trade of the three states is about 90%. .

US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has announced her intention to prevent the creation of " new version Soviet Union"under the guise of economic integration. .

year 2013

The heads of the two states discussed the program of bilateral cooperation for 2013-2015, the progress in creating the Common Economic Space and progress towards the Eurasian Economic Union. The next contact between the two presidents will take place in the fall in Yekaterinburg during the traditional annual Forum of Border Regions. At this meeting, Nazarbayev said:

We have given instructions to prepare a new Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation; I hope we will sign it in Yekaterinburg this fall.

Vladimir Putin, in turn, noted that “the volume of our cooperation is very large, it is constantly growing and this is for the benefit of our economies, our peoples.” “The countries have gained very good experience in integration,” stated the Russian President.

Expansion history

Members

2013-2015

Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia

The three supposed first founding members of the Eurasian Union, having the highest degree of integration in the CIS - Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus - completed the creation by 2010 Customs Union, by January 1, 2012 of the Common Economic Space.

Page Content

On January 1, the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) came into force. The agreement approves the creation of an economic union, within which the freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor is ensured, and the implementation of a coordinated, agreed or unified policy in the sectors of the economy defined by this document and international treaties within the Union.

The Treaty on the EAEU was signed by the Presidents of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation on May 29, 2014 in Astana. In addition to these three states, members of the Union will also include the Republic of Armenia, which signed the Treaty of Accession to the Union on October 10, 2014, and the Kyrgyz Republic, which signed a similar Treaty on December 23, 2014.

The Eurasian Economic Union is international organization regional economic integration with international legal personality.

The Union is called upon to create conditions for sustainable development economies of the member states in the interests of improving the living standards of their population, as well as for comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of national economies in the global economy.

The EAEU carries out its activities within the competence granted to it by the member states in accordance with the Treaty on the Union, on the basis of respect for the generally recognized principles of international law, including the principles of sovereign equality of the member states and their territorial integrity; based on respect for the peculiarities of the political structure of the member states; on the basis of ensuring mutually beneficial cooperation, equality and taking into account the national interests of the parties; based on principles market economy and fair competition.

The main body of the Union is the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council (SEEC), which includes the heads of member states. SEEC meetings are held at least once a year. The structure of the EAEU bodies is also formed by the Intergovernmental Council at the level of heads of government, the Eurasian Economic Commission and the Court of the Union.

Reference:

Bodies of the Union:

Supreme Council - supreme body The EAEU, which includes the Presidents of the Union member states.

The Intergovernmental Council is a body of the Union, which includes the Prime Ministers of the Member States, which considers strategically important questions development of Eurasian economic integration.

The EAEU Court is a judicial body of the Union that ensures the application by member states and bodies of the Union of the Treaty on the EAEU and other international treaties within the Union.

The Eurasian Economic Commission is a permanent supranational regulatory body of the Union, which is formed by the Council of the Commission and the Board of the Commission. The main objectives of the Commission are to ensure conditions for the functioning and development of the Union, as well as to develop proposals in the field of economic integration within the EAEU.

The Council of the Commission includes the Deputy Prime Ministers of the Union member states.

The composition of the EEC Board is formed by the Chairman and Ministers of the Commission.

The main functional innovations of the Treaty on the EAEU in comparison with the stages of the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space:

The Treaty on the EAEU consolidated the agreement of the member states on the implementation of a coordinated energy policy and the formation on the basis general principles general energy markets (electricity, gas, oil and petroleum products markets). The document assumes that this task will be implemented in several stages and finally completed by 2025: the formation common market electricity is expected to be completed by 2019, and the common hydrocarbon market by 2025.

The Treaty on the EAEU defines the regime for regulating the circulation of medicines and medical devices - within the Union, by January 1, 2016, a common market for medicines and a common market for medical products (medical products and medical equipment) will be created.

The Agreement defines the main priorities of transport policy in the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union for the long term. The parties agreed on a step-by-step liberalization of transport transportation on the territory of the newly created Union, which, first of all, concerns road and rail transport.

An agreement was reached on the formation and implementation of a coordinated agro-industrial policy. It is important that the implementation of policy in other areas of integration interaction, including in the field of ensuring sanitary, phytosanitary and veterinary-sanitary measures in relation to agricultural products, will be carried out taking into account the goals, objectives and directions of the agreed agro-industrial policy.

The effective functioning of the Eurasian Economic Union cannot be imagined without the implementation of a coordinated macroeconomic policy, which provides for the development and implementation of joint actions of the Union member states in order to achieve balanced economic development. According to the Treaty, the main directions of implementing a coordinated macroeconomic policy are the formation of common principles for the functioning of the economies of the Union member states, ensuring their effective interaction, as well as the development of general principles and guidelines for forecasting the socio-economic development of the Parties.

To ensure coordinated regulation of financial markets, based on the results of step-by-step harmonization of legislation, the EAEU member states agreed on the need to create a single supranational body for regulating the financial market by 2025.

The Treaty on the EAEU assumes that from January 1, 2015, a single market for services will begin to function in a number of sectors defined by the Union member states. At the same time, the national regime is laid down as a base, i.e. the state is obliged to adopt a full-fledged national regime in relation to the service provider and partner countries; there can be no restrictions. IN further Parties will strive to maximize the expansion of these sectors, including through a gradual reduction of exemptions and restrictions, which will certainly strengthen the Eurasian integration project.

According to the Treaty on the EAEU, the single market for services within the Union operates in service sectors approved by the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council at the level of heads of state on the basis of agreed proposals of the member states and the Commission. Based on the Treaty, by decision of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council on December 23, 2014, lists of service sectors were approved in which the single market will begin to function on January 1, 2015. Currently, according to proposals from Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia, more than 40 service sectors can be included in the list of services (construction services, services in the field of wholesale/retail trade, services related to agriculture, including sowing, processing, harvesting crops, etc.). The list of sectors in which the rules of the single market for services must be ensured is subject to gradual and agreed upon expansion. In service sectors where a single market for services does not operate, providers and recipients of services are provided with national and most favored nation treatment, and quantitative and investment restrictions are not applied.

From January 1, 2015, a common labor market will begin to function in the territories of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia; will be implementedfreedom of movement of labor. Citizens of these states will work under the same conditions: tworkers in the EAEU member states will not need to obtain work permits within the Union.With the creation of a common labor market, citizens of the EAEU countries can directly experience the benefits of the Eurasian Economic Union. Mutual recognition of diplomas will be carried out automatically from January 1, 2015. Income tax for individuals who are citizens of EAEU member states will be paid at the internal resident rate from the first days of employment. Citizens of the EAEU countries will stopfill out migration cards when crossing the internal borders of the EAEU countries,if their stay does not exceed 30 days from the date of entry. In addition, workers and members of their family are exempt from the obligation to register (register) with internal affairs bodies for a period of stay of up to 30 days.

Another important innovation of the Treaty on the EAEU: the possibility of applying national treatment for citizens of all four countries in terms of social security, including medical care. In each country within the EAEU, all medical services guaranteed by the state will be equally available to all citizens of the Union countries. ( It's about, first of all, aboutfree provision of emergency medical services).

As for pensions, the Treaty on the EAEU includes an obligation to resolve the issue of exporting pensions and crediting work experience accumulated in another member state of the Union. Currently, the EEC, together with the Parties, is working on a Pension Agreement, which will come into force after 2015.

Information integration and IT projects

Story

* 2019: Pensions for migrant workers

In June 2019, it became known that Russia will begin paying pensions to labor migrants from the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union - Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

The decision is being prepared as part of the union pension agreement.

According to the document, which was prepared in March and must be ratified by the EAEU member countries by the end of 2019, the country in which the migrant worked and made contributions to Pension Fund, will pay him a pension after returning home.

The new measures will help restore the influx of labor migrants, which last year fell to its lowest level in post-Soviet history and no longer covers the natural population decline.

2018: China and the EAEU signed an agreement on trade and economic cooperation

An agreement on trade and economic cooperation between the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and China was signed in May 2018 during the Astana Economic Forum, which takes place on Thursday in the capital of Kazakhstan, a RIA Novosti correspondent reports.

According to the EEC press service, the EAEU and China have been negotiating an agreement on trade and economic cooperation over the past two years. Agreements were reached on wide-format and industry cooperation. The agreement sets a high standard of regulation in various fields, including the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights.

Earlier, the Minister of National Economy of Kazakhstan, Timur Suleimenov, said that “the agreement is non-preferential in nature and does not provide for the abolition of duties or the automatic reduction of non-tariff barriers.”

2017: Plan for connecting transport routes with the Silk Road Belt

As Adamkul Zhunusov noted in 2017, cooperation between the EAEU countries and the People’s Republic of China opens up enormous opportunities for the development of economic ties, trade, and the creation of new transport routes between Europe and Asia, which will significantly increase economic potential. A significant synergistic effect is expected from the implementation of a joint project with China to connect the EAEU and the Silk Road Economic Belt.

Part of the infrastructure projects will be financed from the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Silk Road Fund. As a first step, the Chinese side proposed that states located along the Silk Road formulate a list of pilot projects taking into account common interests. Such a list of 39 projects has already been prepared by a specially created working group and approved by the ministers of transport of the Union member states, Zhunusov recalled. Among the most significant joint initiatives, he noted the construction of new roads within the framework of the international transport route Europe - Western China with a length of 8,445 km, the Moscow-Kazan high-speed highway with a length of 770 km (within the framework of the Moscow-Beijing high-speed line), the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway as a southern branches of the Eurasian continental bridge, opening access to the markets of Western Asia and the Middle East. The EEC Minister placed special emphasis on the implementation of the Southern Railway Armenia – Iran”, which connects the existing railway system of Armenia with Iran. For a substantive discussion of these projects, it was decided to invite the Minister of Transport of China, Li Xiaopeng, to the next Meeting of the Ministers of Transport of the Union member states in December 2017, said Adamkul Zhunusov.

2015: Formation of the union

2014: Signing of documents on the creation of the EAEU

On May 29, 2014, in Astana, the presidents of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan signed documents on the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in 2015. The Treaty was concluded with the aim of ensuring economic progress through joint actions aimed at solving the common tasks facing the member states on sustainable economic development, comprehensive modernization and strengthening the competitiveness of national economies within the global economy.

The management system will be similar to the one that has been in place since 2012 after the transformation of the Customs Union into the Common Economic Space (SES). Members of the board of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) and its chairman Viktor Khristenko will retain their positions. The agreement completes the five-year stage of formation of the union, which began in 2009 with the creation of the Customs Union, explains EEC Trade Minister Andrei Slepnev: the union will become an independent subject of international law.

Single market for goods and services

The three countries agree to create a single market for goods and services, although it will not be fully operational until 2025 - single markets for gas and oil must be created. The trade policy of the EAEU will not change: uniform customs regulations and tariffs, free movement of goods. The standards for the distribution of income from import duties will not change: 87.97% will go to Russia, 7.33% to Kazakhstan, 4.7% to Belarus.

The agreement spells out mechanisms to protect the market from imports. Seasonal duties may be established for a period of up to 6 months, and protective, anti-dumping and countervailing measures may be applied.

“In critical circumstances,” the EAEU Commission may impose retroactive anti-dumping duties for 200 days until the investigation is completed. While the anti-dumping investigation is ongoing, there is a risk that importers will bring in a year's supply of goods, and this damage needs to be prevented. This is a WTO-approved instrument,” says Slepnev.

Severstal CEO Alexei Mordashov asked Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev about the possibility of introducing such duties back in 2013. Without this, protective investigations are pointless, he explained.

Single regime for investments

It is planned to unify the investment regime in the countries of the union. Investors will have the right to compensate, at the expense of the state, for damage to their investments as a result of unrest, wars and revolutions. The nationalization of private assets, on the one hand, is prohibited, on the other, the investment protection annex describes the compensation mechanism: it must be market-based, paid quickly, and interest may be charged for delays.