New agreement of the Eurasian Economic Community countries. Eurasian Economic Union. Goals and history of creation. Distribution of customs duties

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On January 1, the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) came into force. The treaty approves the creation of an economic union, within which the freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and work force, carrying out a coordinated, agreed or unified policy in the sectors of the economy defined by this document and international treaties within the Union.

The Treaty on the EAEU was signed by the Presidents of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation on May 29, 2014 in Astana. In addition to these three states, members of the Union will also include the Republic of Armenia, which signed the Treaty of Accession to the Union on October 10, 2014, and the Kyrgyz Republic, which signed a similar Treaty on December 23, 2014.

Eurasian economic union is an international organization for regional economic integration with international legal personality.

The Union is called upon to create conditions for sustainable development economies of the member states in the interests of improving the living standards of their population, as well as for comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of national economies in the global economy.

The EAEU carries out its activities within the competence granted to it by the member states in accordance with the Treaty on the Union, based on respect for generally recognized principles international law, including the principles of sovereign equality of member states and their territorial integrity; based on respect for the peculiarities of the political structure of the member states; on the basis of ensuring mutually beneficial cooperation, equality and taking into account the national interests of the parties; based on principles market economy and fair competition.

The main body of the Union is the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council (SEEC), which includes the heads of member states. SEEC meetings are held at least once a year. The structure of the EAEU bodies is also formed by the Intergovernmental Council at the level of heads of government, the Eurasian Economic Commission and the Court of the Union.

Reference:

Bodies of the Union:

The Supreme Council is the highest body of the EAEU, which includes the Presidents of the Union member states.

The Intergovernmental Council is a body of the Union, which includes the Prime Ministers of the Member States, which considers strategically important questions development of Eurasian economic integration.

The EAEU Court is a judicial body of the Union that ensures the application by member states and bodies of the Union of the Treaty on the EAEU and other international treaties within the Union.

The Eurasian Economic Commission is a permanent supranational regulatory body of the Union, which is formed by the Council of the Commission and the Board of the Commission. The main objectives of the Commission are to ensure conditions for the functioning and development of the Union, as well as to develop proposals in the field of economic integration within the EAEU.

The Council of the Commission includes the Deputy Prime Ministers of the Union member states.

The composition of the EEC Board is formed by the Chairman and Ministers of the Commission.

The main functional innovations of the Treaty on the EAEU in comparison with the stages of the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space:

The Treaty on the EAEU cemented the agreement of the member states to pursue a coordinated energy policy and the formation of common energy markets (electricity, gas, oil and petroleum products) on the basis of common principles. The document assumes that this task will be implemented in several stages and finally completed by 2025: the formation of a common electricity market is expected to be completed by 2019, and a common hydrocarbon market by 2025.

The Treaty on the EAEU defines the regime for regulating the circulation of medicines and medical devices - within the Union, by January 1, 2016, a common market for medicines and a common market for medical products (medical products and medical equipment) will be created.

The Agreement defines the main priorities of transport policy in the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union for the long term. The parties agreed on a step-by-step liberalization of transport transportation on the territory of the newly created Union, which, first of all, concerns road and rail transport.

An agreement was reached on the formation and implementation of a coordinated agro-industrial policy. It is important that the implementation of policy in other areas of integration interaction, including in the field of ensuring sanitary, phytosanitary and veterinary-sanitary measures in relation to agricultural products, will be carried out taking into account the goals, objectives and directions of the agreed agro-industrial policy.

The effective functioning of the Eurasian Economic Union cannot be imagined without the implementation of a coordinated macroeconomic policy, which provides for the development and implementation of joint actions of the Union member states in order to achieve balanced economic development. According to the Treaty, the main directions of implementing a coordinated macroeconomic policy are the formation of common principles for the functioning of the economies of the Union member states, ensuring their effective interaction, as well as the development of general principles and guidelines for forecasting the socio-economic development of the Parties.

To ensure consistent regulation financial markets, following the results of step-by-step harmonization of legislation, the EAEU member states agreed on the need to create a single supranational body for regulating the financial market by 2025.

The Treaty on the EAEU assumes that from January 1, 2015, a single market for services will begin to function in a number of sectors defined by the Union member states. At the same time, the national regime is laid down as a basis, i.e. the state is obliged to adopt a full-fledged national regime in relation to the service provider and partner countries; there cannot be any restrictions. IN further Parties will strive to maximize the expansion of these sectors, including through a gradual reduction of exemptions and restrictions, which will certainly strengthen the Eurasian integration project.

According to the Treaty on the EAEU, the single market for services within the Union operates in service sectors approved by the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council at the level of heads of state on the basis of agreed proposals of the member states and the Commission. Based on the Treaty, by decision of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council on December 23, 2014, lists of service sectors were approved in which the single market will begin to function on January 1, 2015. Currently, according to proposals from Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia, more than 40 service sectors can be included in the list of services (construction services, services in the field of wholesale/retail trade, services related to agriculture, including sowing, processing, harvesting of crops, etc.) . The list of sectors in which the rules of the single market for services must be ensured is subject to gradual and agreed upon expansion. In service sectors where a single market for services does not operate, providers and recipients of services are provided with national and most favored nation treatment, and quantitative and investment restrictions are not applied.

From January 1, 2015, a common labor market will begin to function in the territories of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia; will be implementedfreedom of movement of labor. Citizens of these states will work under the same conditions: tworkers in the EAEU member states will not need to obtain work permits within the Union.With the creation of a common labor market, citizens of the EAEU countries can directly experience the benefits of the Eurasian Economic Union. Mutual recognition of diplomas will be carried out automatically from January 1, 2015. Income tax for individuals who are citizens of EAEU member states will be paid at the internal resident rate from the first days of employment. Citizens of the EAEU countries will stopfill out migration cards when crossing the internal borders of the EAEU countries,if their stay does not exceed 30 days from the date of entry. In addition, workers and members of their family are exempt from the obligation to register (register) with internal affairs bodies for a period of stay of up to 30 days.

Another important innovation of the Treaty on the EAEU: the possibility of applying national treatment for citizens of all four countries in terms of social security, including medical care. In each country within the EAEU, all medical services guaranteed by the state will be equally available to all citizens of the Union countries. (We are talking, first of all, aboutfree provision of emergency medical services).

As for pensions, the Treaty on the EAEU includes an obligation to resolve the issue of exporting pensions and crediting work experience accumulated in another member state of the Union. Currently, the EEC, together with the Parties, is working on a Pension Agreement, which will come into force after 2015.

In the modern world, many countries unite into unions - political, economic, religious and others. One of the largest such unions was the Soviet Union. Now we see the emergence of the European, Eurasian, and also Customs unions.

The Customs Union was positioned as a form of trade and economic integration of a number of countries, which provides not only a common customs territory for mutually beneficial trade with the absence of duties, etc., but also a number of points regulating trade with third countries. This agreement was signed on October 6, 2007 in Dushanbe; at the time of its conclusion, the union included Russian Federation, Kazakhstan and Belarus.

The first article of the contract on the movement of goods within this territory states the following:

• There is no customs duty. And not only for goods of own production, but also for cargo from third countries.
• There are no economic restrictions other than compensatory and anti-dumping ones.
• The countries of the Customs Union apply a single customs tariff.

Current countries and candidates

There are both permanent member countries of the Customs Union that were its founders or joined later, and those that have only expressed a desire to join.

Participants:

• Armenia;
• Kazakhstan;
• Kyrgyzstan;
• Russia;
• Belarus.

Candidates for membership:

• Tunisia;
• Syria;
• Tajikistan.

TS managers

There was a special CU commission, which was approved at the time of signing the agreement on the Customs Union. Its rules were the basis of the legal activities of the organization. The structure worked and remained within these legal frameworks until July 1, 2012, that is, until the creation of the EEC. Supreme body Union at that time was a group of representatives of the heads of state (Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian Federation), Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev (Republic of Kazakhstan) and (Republic of Belarus)).

The following prime ministers were represented at the level of heads of government:

• Russia - Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev;
• Kazakhstan - Karim Kazhimkanovich Masimov;
• Belarus - Sergei Sergeevich Sidorsky.

Purpose of the Customs Union

The countries of the Customs Union, with the main goal of creating a single regulatory body, meant the formation of a common territory, which would include several states, and all duties on products would be abolished on their territory.

The second goal was to protect one’s own interests and markets, first of all, from harmful, poor-quality, and also competitive products, which makes it possible to smooth out all the shortcomings in the trade and economic sphere. This is very important, since protecting the interests of one’s own states, taking into account the opinions of the members of the union, is a priority for any country.

Benefits and prospects

First of all, the benefits are obvious for those enterprises that can easily purchase in neighboring countries. Most likely, these will only be large corporations and companies. As for future prospects, contrary to some economists’ forecasts that the Customs Union will entail a decrease in wages in participating countries, at the official level the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan announced an increase in wages in the state in 2015.

That is why the world experience of such large economic entities cannot be attributed to this case. Countries that have joined the Customs Union can expect, if not rapid, but stable growth in economic ties.

Agreement

The final version of the Agreement on the Customs Code of the Customs Union was adopted only at the tenth meeting, 10.26.2009. This pact spoke of the creation of special groups that would monitor activities to bring the revised draft treaty into effect.

The countries of the Customs Union had until July 1, 2010 to make changes to their legislation to eliminate contradictions between this Code and the Constitution. Thus, another contact group was created to resolve problems arising from differences between national legal systems.

All the nuances related to the territories of the Customs Union were also finalized.

Territory of the Customs Union

The countries of the Customs Union have a common customs territory, which is determined by the borders of the states that have entered into an agreement and are members of the organization. Customs Code, among other things, determines the expiration date of the commission, which was July 1, 2012. Thus, a more serious organization was created, which has much more powers and, accordingly, more people in your state in order to fully control all processes. On January 1, 2012, the Eurasian Economic Commission (EAEC) officially began its work.

EAEU

The Eurasian Economic Union includes member countries of the Customs Union: the founders - Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan - and the recently joined states, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia.

The establishment of the EAEU implies more wide range relationships in the freedom of movement of labor, capital, services and goods. Also, a coordinated economic policy of all countries must be constantly pursued, a transition must be made to a single

The total budget of this union is formed exclusively in Russian rubles, thanks to the share contributions made by all member countries of the Customs Union. Their size is regulated by the Supreme Council, which consists of the heads of these states.

Russian has become the working language for the regulations of all documents, and the headquarters will be located in Moscow. The financial regulator of the EAEU is in Almaty, and the court is in the capital of Belarus, Minsk.

Bodies of the Union

The highest regulatory body is the Supreme Council, which includes the heads of participating states.

A judicial body was also created, which is responsible for the application of treaties within the Union.

The Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) is a regulatory body that provides all the conditions for the development and functioning of the Union, as well as the development of new proposals in the economic sphere regarding the format of the EAEU. It consists of the Ministers of the Commission (deputy prime ministers of the Union member states) and the Chairman.

Main provisions of the Treaty on the EAEU

Of course, the EAEU, compared to the CU, has not only broader powers, but also much more extensive and specific list planned work. This document no longer has any general plans, and for each specific task the path for its implementation is determined and a special working group is created that will not only monitor the implementation, but also control its entire progress.

In the received agreement the countries of the single Customs Union, and now the EAEU, secured an agreement on coordinated work and the creation of common energy markets. The work on energy policy is quite large-scale and will be implemented in several stages until 2025.

The document also regulates the creation of a common market for medical devices and medicines by January 1, 2016.

Great importance is attached to transport policy on the territory of the EAEU states, without which it will not be possible to create a single joint action plan. The development of a coordinated agro-industrial policy is envisaged, which includes the mandatory formation of veterinary and phytosanitary measures.

Coordinated provides the opportunity to translate all planned plans and agreements into reality. In such conditions, they are developed general principles interaction and ensure effective development of countries.

A special place is occupied by labor, which regulates not only the free movement of labor, but also the same working conditions. Citizens who go to work in the EAEU countries will no longer need to fill out migration cards (if their stay does not exceed 30 days). The same simplified system will apply to medical care. The issue of exporting pensions and counting the length of service accumulated in a Union member country is also being resolved.

Expert opinions

The list of countries of the Customs Union may be replenished with several more states in the near future, but, according to experts, in order for full growth and influence on Western similar type unions to be noticeable, a lot of work and expansion of the organization is necessary. In any case, the ruble will not be able to become an alternative to the euro or dollar for a long time, and the impact of recent sanctions has clearly shown how Western policy can work to serve its own interests, and that neither Russia itself nor the entire Union can actually do anything about it . As for Kazakhstan and Belarus specifically, the conflict in Ukraine showed that they will not give up their benefits to please Russia. The tenge, by the way, also fell sharply due to the fall of the ruble. And on many issues, Russia remains the main competitor of Kazakhstan and Belarus. However, on this moment the creation of the Union is an adequate and only correct solution that can help at least somehow strengthen relations between states in the event of further Western pressure on Russia.

It is now known which countries in the Customs Union are more interested in its creation. Despite the fact that even at the stage of its inception it was constantly plagued by all sorts of problems, the joint coordinated actions of all members of the Union make it possible to solve them as quickly as possible, which makes it possible to look into the future with optimism and hope for the rapid development of the economies of all states participating in this treaty.

23.04.2019

In this article we will talk about the history of the EAEU: what were the reasons and prerequisites for its emergence, from which integration associations it was formed, and what are its main goals and objectives today.

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Prerequisites

The need to create some kind of integration economic association in the post-Soviet space arose immediately as soon as this space became post-Soviet. During the existence of the USSR, the economies of the union republics were highly interdependent. In many production cycles, it was absolutely normal for part A to be made in one union republic, part B to be made in another, and their final assembly was carried out in a third.

Naturally, during the Soviet era there were no problems with the movement of goods and people across the borders of the republics. But after the collapse of the Union, it became obvious that political sovereignty and tough customs control at the border is, of course, good, but it does not really contribute to the development of foreign trade and, as a result, economic growth.

Moreover, an extremely clear illustration of these thoughts was the formation in the second half of the twentieth century European Union. That is, independent European states have long realized the need for economic integration and have been systematically moving towards it for many years.

Therefore, despite the popular trend of political independence in the early 90s, on the contrary, integration sentiments reigned in the economy. For the first time, Nursultan Nazarbayev voiced the idea that was in the air and used the term “Eurasian Union” during his first official visit to the Russian Federation in 1994:

There is an urgent need for a transition to high-quality new level relations between our countries on the basis of a new interstate association formed on the principles of voluntariness and equality. The Eurasian Union could become such an association. It should be built on principles other than the CIS, because the basis of the new association should be supranational bodies designed to solve two key tasks: formation of a common economic space and ensuring a joint defense policy.

Also one of the important factors is the creation in 1995 of the World trade organization(WTO). This event set the information agenda for discussions on Eurasian integration for the next few years, identifying accession to the WTO as a Big Goal towards which every self-respecting national economy should move.

In this sense, regional economic integration with its closest neighbors was considered as an intermediate stage towards accession to the WTO. The fact is that a country candidate for accession to the WTO was obliged to have a certain legislative framework and developed instruments of customs and economic control. The same was necessary for regional integration. Accordingly, one of the goals of Eurasian economic integration was the development national laws and the above-mentioned instruments, bringing them to the level required for accession to the WTO.

Chronology of events

1994-2000 - period of formation

At this time the search was underway optimal ways cooperation and interim treaties and agreements were signed, which did not yet describe the forms of integration themselves, but only mutual obligations to develop and implement these forms.

1994

Nursultan Nazarbayev first spoke in Moscow with a proposal to create a Eurasian Union.

1995

January 6 Russia and Belarus conclude Agreement on the creation of the Customs Union and the formation of a common market. On January 20, Kazakhstan joined this agreement. This can be considered the starting point in the creation of a modern EAEU.

1996

March 29 Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan sign Treaty on Deepening Integration in the Economic and Humanitarian Fields. In essence, with this agreement, the countries publicly and officially confirmed their intentions for integration, but so far without much specificity in the wording, mechanisms and formats.

1999

February 26 Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan sign Agreement on the Customs Union (CU). With this agreement they, in fact, establish the Customs Union. However, in this composition the union will last only a year and a half.

2000-2011 - Common Economic Space

Despite the fact that the single customs space had already been implemented, the heads of the participating countries expressed a desire for deeper, already economic integration. I wanted not just “common borders,” but a “common economy.”

2000

October 10 Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan sign Treaty establishing the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC), in which elements of supranational economic regulation can already be traced. The first supranational body appears - the Court of the Eurasian Economic Community.

2001

On May 30, this agreement comes into force. From this moment on, the Customs Union described above ceases to exist as such, but all its provisions and principles are inherited by the EurAsEC.

2003

September 19 Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and Kazakhstan signedAgreement on the formation of the Common Economic Space. From this moment, work began on preparing a legal framework with the aim of creating a single economic space that ensures the free movement of goods, services, capital and labor (the “four freedoms” of the EAEU).

2007

On October 6, Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan signed Agreement on the creation of a single customs territory and the formation of the Customs Union on the basis of the EurAsEC. Another supranational body appears - the Customs Union Commission and the Supreme Economic Council. This is already the same Customs Union, in which, after 5 years, many technical regulations will appear.

2010

The Customs Union begins work in January.

In July, a unified Customs Code was introduced for the Union member states.

On December 9, in the Declaration on the Formation of the Common Economic Space, it was officially announced for the first time that the member countries of the EurAsEC were moving towards a new, more in-depth form of integration - the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). In this regard, among other things, the need for a unified system of technical regulation and the introduction of fundamentally new supranational standards (technical regulations) was outlined.

2011

Since July, customs control remains only at the external borders of the Union.

It was signed on November 18 Decision on the creation of the Eurasian Economic Commission.

August 16th were published first technical regulations: TR CU 006/2011 “On the safety of pyrotechnic products” (came into force on February 15, 2012) and TR CU 005/2011 “On the safety of packaging” (came into force on June 1, 2012).

In total, 24 technical regulations were approved and published during 2011. All of them came into force in the period 2012-2015. The entry into force of technical regulations for certain products automatically canceled the national standard for these products.

2012-2019 - Eurasian Economic Union

This is the period of formation of the unified economic system that exists today. integration association- Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). At this time, transitional forms were abandoned and supranational institutions developed.

The EAEU is already positioned as the “core of continental integration”, uniting Asia and Europe. Its concept is being developed taking into account the logic of the global Chinese project “One Belt and One Road”, aimed at creating fast and efficient trade routes between Europe and Asia. However, it is important to emphasize that it is not “in accordance”, but “taking into account”.

At the same time, overseas people are starting to say that Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus are building new USSR. To which the leaders of the participating countries have repeatedly stated that the EAEU is not a political union, but exclusively an economic one. The President of Kazakhstan actually proposed a radical way to nip these conversations in the bud, quote: “[When I travel abroad, I often hear] that we are creating the USSR, or something under Russia. Maybe Turkey, a big country, will accept it, and the conversation will end.”.

2012

On February 2, the Eurasian Economic Commission began to function. The Customs Union Commission was abolished, its functions transferred to the EEC.

On October 19, Kyrgyzstan joined the Customs Union (which currently included Russia, Kazakhstan, and Belarus).

were signed on November 18 Declaration on Eurasian Economic Integration(essentially, a road map for the creation of the EAEU) and Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Commission(official recognition by the heads of state of the EEC as a supranational body).

2014

On May 29 of the year in Astana (now Nur-Sultan) it was signed Treaty on the Establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union. Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan ratified this treaty on October 5, 9 and 14, respectively.

October 10 signed signed Treaty on Armenia's accession to the EAEU, ratified by Armenia on December 4.

2015

On May 21, Kyrgyzstan ratified the Treaty of Accession to the EAEU and became its official member in August.

2016

2017

On April 14, Moldova became the first (and still remains the only) observer country in the EAEU.

2018

On January 1, the Customs Code of the EAEU came into force, thereby repealing the previous Customs Code of the Customs Union. Now all countries joining the EAEU automatically join the EAEU Customs Union.

Don't get confused by "unions"!

The use of the phrase “Customs Union” as a proper noun was initially not the most best idea, because a customs union [of several states] is a common noun phrase. There are more than 10 customs unions in the world today.

Therefore, from a morphological point of view it would be correct to say thatthere are two Unions:

Firstly, Eurasian Economic Union(EAEU) , which is a unique form of unification of several states,

Secondly, Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU CU), which is one of many customs unions in the world. And a country that joins the EAEU automatically also becomes a member of the EAEU CU.

EAEU today

Today, the EAEU includes five countries: Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia, and Kyrgyzstan.

Moldova is an observer country.

Free trade agreements have been concluded with Vietnam, Iran, China, and Cuba.

Negotiations are underway to create a free trade regime with Singapore, India, Egypt, Thailand, Israel and Serbia.

There are 4 supranational bodies in the EAEU:

Supreme Eurasian Economic Council- the supreme body, which includes the heads of the EAEU member countries. Meetings of the Supreme Council are held annually.

Eurasian Intergovernmental Economic Council- a body that includes heads of government (prime ministers) of the EAEU member countries. Council meetings are also held annually.

Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC)- a regularly operating regulatory body whose tasks include the direct functioning of the Union, the development of integration and supranational institutions and instruments. Consists of the Commission Council and the Commission Board.

Court of the Eurasian Economic Union- Judicial authority, problem solver law enforcement practice of supranational legislation of the EAEU.

Today in the EAEU, and their number is growing every year.

TR CU or TR EAEU?

Separately, it is worth clarifying the issue of the name of technical regulations.

At the moment, there are two types of technical regulations in force in the EAEU: technical regulations of the Customs Union (TR CU) and technical regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union (TR EAEU).

These are absolutely identical documents that have equal legal force and scope. The difference between them is solely in the name.

If you pay attention, until 2014 inclusive, the technical regulations of the Customs Union were published (the latest was the technical regulations for tobacco products), and after 2015, when the EAEU already officially existed, the technical regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union began to be published. And in the future, only EAEU TR will now appear, but the CU TR will continue to operate without renaming.

Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) - international economic organization, created for the Parties to effectively promote the process of forming the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space, as well as the implementation of other goals and objectives related to deepening integration in the economic and humanitarian fields.

The organization was created in full accordance with the principles of the UN and the norms of international law and has international legal personality. This is a clearly structured system with a rigid mechanism for making and implementing decisions.

Community and its officials enjoy the privileges and immunities necessary to perform the functions and achieve the goals provided for by the treaty establishing the EurAsEC and the treaties in force in the Community.

In 2003, the Eurasian Economic Community received observer status in General Assembly UN.

Treaty on the Establishment of the EurAsEC was signed on October 10, 2000 in Astana and entered into force on May 30, 2001 after its ratification by all member states.

Five states have been members of the Eurasian Economic Community since its formation - Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan.

On January 25, 2006, a protocol on accession to the organization of Uzbekistan was signed. In October 2008, Uzbekistan suspended participation in the work of EurAsEC bodies.

Since May 2002, observer status at the EurAsEC has Ukraine and Moldova, since January 2003 - Armenia. They also have Interstate aviation committee(POPPY), Eurasian Development Bank (EDB).

EurAsEC is an open organization. Any state that accepts the obligations arising from the Treaty on the Establishment of the EurAsEC and other treaties of the Community according to the list determined by the decision of the Interstate Council of the EurAsEC can become its member.

Observer status with the EurAsEC may be granted to a state or an international interstate (intergovernmental) organization upon request. An observer has the right to attend open meetings of EurAsEC bodies, to get acquainted with documents and decisions taken by EurAsEC bodies, but does not have the right to vote when making decisions and the right to sign documents of EurAsEC bodies.

The EurAsEC was created with the aim of developing economic interaction, trade, effectively promoting the process of forming the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space, coordinating the actions of the Community states when integrating into the world economy and the international trading system.

One of the main vectors of the organization’s activities is to ensure the dynamic development of members of the Community by coordinating socio-economic transformations with the effective use of their economic potential in the interests of improving the living standards of peoples.

Main objectives of the Community:

• completion of the full registration of the free trade regime, the formation of a common customs tariff and a unified system of non-tariff regulation measures;
• ensuring freedom of capital movement;
• formation of a common financial market;
• agreement on the principles and conditions for the transition to a single currency within the EurAsEC;
• establishment general rules trade in goods and services and their access to domestic markets;
• creation of a common unified system of customs regulation;
• development and implementation of interstate target programs;
• Creation equal conditions for production and business activities;
• formation of a common market for transport services and a unified transport system;
• formation of a common energy market;
• creation of equal conditions for access of foreign investments to the markets of the Community states;
• ensuring free movement of citizens of EurAsEC states within the Community;
• coordination social policy with the aim of forming a community of social states, providing for a common labor market, a common educational space, coordinated approaches to solving issues of healthcare, labor migration, etc.;
• convergence and harmonization of national legislations; ensuring interaction of the legal systems of the EurAsEC states with the aim of creating a common legal space within the Community.

In accordance with the statutory goals and objectives of the Community and guided by the principle of multi-speed integration, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia created in 2007-2010

Eurasian Economic Union - international organization regional economic integration, having international legal personality and established by the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union. The EAEU ensures freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor, as well as the implementation of a coordinated, coordinated or unified policy in sectors of the economy.

The member states of the Eurasian Economic Union are the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation.

The EAEU was created for the purpose of comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of national economies and creating conditions for stable development in the interests of improving the living standards of the population of the member states.

Customs Union of the EAEU

The EAEU Customs Union is a form of trade and economic integration of the participating countries, providing for a single customs territory within which customs duties and economic restrictions are not applied in mutual trade in goods, with the exception of special protective, anti-dumping and countervailing measures. At the same time, member countries of the Customs Union apply uniform customs tariffs and other regulatory measures when trading with third countries.

The single customs territory of the Customs Union consists of the territories of the member countries of the Customs Union, as well as artificial islands, installations, structures and other objects over which the member states of the Customs Union have exclusive jurisdiction.

Member countries of the Customs Union:

• Kazakhstan - from July 1, 2010
• Russia - since July 1, 2010
• Belarus - since July 6, 2010
• Armenia - since October 10, 2014
• Kyrgyzstan - since May 8, 2015

Officials of the member states of the Customs Union have repeatedly stated that they view this organization as open to the entry of other countries. Negotiations are already underway with some countries to join the Customs Union, so it is likely that the territory of the Customs Union will soon be significantly expanded.

Technical regulation in the EAEU Customs Union

Technical regulation is one of the key elements of integration of the member states of the Customs Union.

The mechanisms contained in technical regulation make it possible to eliminate numerous, in many cases artificially created, technical barriers to trade, which are a serious problem for business. This is helped by the legal framework created over several recent years, including thanks to the efforts of specialists from the Eurasian Economic Commission.

Within the framework of the Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Community, the following main principles have been adopted to date: international treaties designed to simplify the movement of goods on the territory of the participating states:

• Agreement on the implementation of a coordinated policy in the field of technical regulation, sanitary, veterinary and phytosanitary measures;
• Agreement on common principles and rules of technical regulation;
• Agreement on the basis of harmonization of technical regulations;
• Agreement on the application of the Unified Mark of Product Circulation on the market of the EAEU Member States;
• Agreement on the creation of an EAEU information system in the field of technical regulation, sanitary, veterinary and phytosanitary measures;
• Agreement on the circulation of products subject to mandatory assessment (confirmation) of conformity in the territory of the Customs Union;
• Agreement on mutual recognition of accreditation of certification bodies (conformity assessment) and testing laboratories (centers) performing conformity assessment work.

You can obtain detailed information about technical regulation in the EAEU Customs Union from a special brochure prepared by specialists of the Eurasian Economic Commission:

Brochure of the Eurasian Economic Commission (PDF, 3.4 MB)

Member States of the Customs Union

The Customs Union (CU) is an official association based on the agreement of the participating countries on the abolition of customs borders between them, and accordingly the abolition of duties. Also, the basis for the functioning of the union is the use of a single tariff for all other states. As a result, the Customs Union has created a huge single customs territory, within which goods are moved without the expense of crossing customs borders.

Although the Customs Union was legally created in 2010, it actually began to work only on July 1, 2011, when acts on the creation of a single customs territory came into force in the participating countries, and all control and regulatory bodies were created and began to operate. At the moment, five states are members of the CU - Russia, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan. Several other countries are official candidates to join the organization or are considering doing so.

Russia

The Russian Federation is the initiator and basis of the CU. This country has the most powerful economy among all participating countries, and within the Union it has the opportunity to increase the competitiveness of its goods within the common market, which, according to experts, will give it additional profits in less than 10 years, totaling $400 billion.

Kazakhstan

For Kazakhstan, participation in the Customs Union is, first of all, good because it allows it to enter the association, which gives total up to 16% of world grain exports. Working in the same field, Kazakhstan and Russia had the opportunity to significantly influence the world grain market, changing its conditions in their favor. In addition, the rapidly developing agricultural industry of Kazakhstan in this way managed to significantly strengthen its position in the Russian Federation and other countries of the association.

Belarus

For Belarus, which has long been partially integrated with Russia into a single customs and economic field, participation in the Customs Union made it possible to expand the geography of preferential supplies of its products to several more countries, and also increased the influx of investments, in particular from Kazakhstan. According to experts, participation in the Customs Union annually brings Belarus up to $2 billion in additional profit.

Armenia and Kyrgyzstan

These countries have recently become members of the Customs Union. Their involvement made it possible to further strengthen the association’s position in the global energy market. These same countries have received preferential access to markets, the total volume of which significantly exceeds their economic capabilities, so they are predicted to accelerate GDP growth and the general well-being of the population.

In general, the Customs Union is considered as a mutually beneficial economic partnership of geographically and mentally close countries that have within the framework of the association equal rights and opportunities. Considering the prospects for the accession of new members, we can expect that in the near future the CU will become an even more powerful and influential economic bloc.

Eurasian Union

Eurasian Union is an integration project in the Eurasian space, the goal of which is the economic and political rapprochement of post-Soviet countries (at the same time, this association could potentially attract many other Eurasian countries outside former USSR). To date Eurasian integration implemented in the form of a number of unions at different levels, the most important of which are the EAEU Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Union.

On May 29, 2014, a more advanced form of integration was created on the basis of the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space - Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU, EurAsEC), which began its work on January 1, 2015. The Chairman of the EAEU in 2015 was Belarus, and in 2016 - Kazakhstan.

At the EAEU level, a common market of 183 million people was formed. The Union States - Kazakhstan, Russia and Belarus, as well as Armenia and Kyrgyzstan - pledged to guarantee the free movement of goods and services, capital and labor, as well as to implement coordinated policies in energy, industry, agriculture, transport.

[edit] History of Eurasian integration

In ancient times, on the territory of Eurasia in the areas of what is now Central and Central Asia, Southern Siberia, Black Sea region, Caucasus and South European Russia There were large state formations of a number of nations. It is in this Eurasian area, according to the most common hypotheses, that the historical ancestral homelands of the Indo-Europeans are located (the Indo-European peoples include the Slavs, Armenians, Ossetians, Tajiks, etc.), Turks (Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Tatars, Uzbeks, etc.) and Finno-Ugric peoples ( Karelians, Mordvins, Udmurts, Mari, Komi, etc.). In the space of Eurasia, the Scythians, Sarmatians, Huns, Turks, Khazars, and Mongols created their own empire states.

Since the 16th century, Russia has become the largest state in the Eurasian space (in the 20th century - the Soviet Union). With the arrival of Russia in Eurasia it became possible merger This important geopolitical region was based on agriculture and industrial production, while the Eurasian traditions of pastoralism and nomadism were largely preserved. The disintegration of the USSR in the 1990s disrupted the established economic ties, which led to a deep and prolonged socio-economic crisis, from which some post-Soviet states have still not emerged. It is very characteristic that the collapse of the Soviet Union was most opposed by Kazakhstan and some other Asian republics of the USSR.

The initiator of Eurasian reintegration can rightfully be considered the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev, who in March 1994 presented the project of the Eurasian Union, which at the first stage was to include Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. However, at that time destructive political processes in the post-Soviet space were still too strong, and full integration had to be postponed. Nevertheless, the unification process began. In 1995, the leaders of Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, and a little later Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan signed the first agreement on plans to create a customs union.

Full-fledged Eurasian integration became possible with the coming to power in Russia of Vladimir Putin, who supported the ideas of Nursultan Nazarbayev; they were also supported by the President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko (by January 26, 2000, the Union State of Russia and Belarus was created as a special integration association).

[edit] Chronology of integration

• October 10, 2000- in Astana (Kazakhstan), the heads of state (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan) signed the Treaty establishing the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC). The Treaty lays down the concept of close and effective trade and economic cooperation to achieve the goals and objectives defined by the Treaty on the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space. EurAsEC became the first effective organization ensuring the integration process in the Eurasian space.

• May 30, 2001- the agreement on the creation came into force EurAsEC consisting of Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. In 2006-2008 Uzbekistan also participated in the EurAsEC; since 2002, Ukraine and Moldova received observer status, and since 2003, Armenia.

• February 23, 2003- the presidents of Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus and Ukraine announced their intention to form a Common Economic Space (CES).

• October 6, 2007- the EurAsEC summit was held in Dushanbe (Tajikistan), at which the concept of the Customs Union of Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus was adopted. Created Customs Union Commission- a single permanent regulatory body of the EurAsEC Customs Union (in 2012, powers were transferred to the Eurasian Commission).

• July 6, 2010- agreements on Customs Union (CU) as part of Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus, earned Unified Customs Code.

• December 9, 2010- Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus signed all 17 documents on the creation Common Economic Space (SES)(agreements on common rules of competition, on the regulation of support for agriculture and industrial subsidies, on the regulation of railway transport, services and investments, on the protection of intellectual property, on the rules of technical regulation, on government procurement, on the status of migrants and combating illegal migration from third countries , on coordinated macroeconomic and monetary policies, on the free movement of capital, on the regulation of natural monopolies and access to their services, on the creation of a single market for oil and petroleum products).

• July 1, 2011- earned Single customs territory Customs Union: customs control has been abolished on the borders of Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus (it has been moved to the outer contour of the borders of the Customs Union).

• October 18, 2011- in St. Petersburg, following a meeting of the Council of Heads of Government of the Commonwealth countries, an Agreement on CIS free trade zone. The CIS FTA provides for “minimizing exceptions from the range of goods to which import duties apply”; export duties must be fixed at a certain level, and subsequently phased out.

• November 18, 2011- an agreement on the creation of the Eurasian Economic Commission was signed.

• January 1, 2012- as a result of the entry into force of the relevant agreement, a Common Economic Space (SES) as a common market of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan (since 2014 - SES of the Eurasian Economic Union), earned Eurasian Commission. The objective of the SES is to ensure the “four freedoms” - the movement of goods, capital, services and labor - as well as ensuring the beginnings of coordination of the economic policies of the participating states in relation to macroeconomics, finance, transport and energy, trade, industry and agriculture.

• September 20, 2012- the agreement on CIS FTA between Belarus, Russia and Ukraine - the first three countries to ratify it. In 2012-2013 The treaty was also ratified by Kazakhstan, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova; in a special order, Uzbekistan joined the FTA, and Tajikistan, although it signed the treaty, did not ratify it.

• May 29, 2014- Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan signed agreement on the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).

• October 10, 2014- Armenia joined the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union. The EurAsEC organization was liquidated in connection with the fulfillment of its mission and the formation of the Eurasian Economic Union.

• December 23, 2014- Kyrgyzstan joined (signed accession agreements) to the Eurasian Economic Union. Armenia's accession to the EAEU was approved.

• January 1, 2015- the agreement on the EAEU came into force, thus The Eurasian Economic Union was created.

• May 8, 2015- Presidents of Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Armenia signed documents on Kyrgyzstan's accession to the Treaty on the EAEU.

• May 14, 2015- Iran plans to join the free trade zone with the EAEU

• May 25, 2015 - an agreement on a free trade zone was signed between the EAEU and Vietnam.

• May 27, 2015- Egypt has submitted an application to create a free trade zone with the EAEU.

• August 12, 2015- The Eurasian Union has abolished the customs border with Kyrgyzstan.

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[edit] Eurasian Economic Union

On May 29, 2014, in Astana, the presidents of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan signed an agreement on the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), which will come into force on January 1, 2015. On October 10, 2014, Armenia joined the union (accession agreements were signed), and on December 24, 2014, Kyrgyzstan joined (accession agreements were also signed).

Thus, at the moment, the formation of a common market of 183 million people has been completed, integration is increasing compared to integration at the level of the Customs Union. The union states undertake to guarantee the free movement of goods and services, capital and labor, as well as to implement coordinated policies in key sectors of the economy: energy, industry, agriculture, transport.

[edit] Composition of the EAEU

• Armenia(since October 10, 2014)
• Belarus(since May 29, 2014)
• Kazakhstan(since May 29, 2014)
• Kyrgyzstan(since December 23, 2014)
• Russia(since May 29, 2014)

• Moldova- has the status of an observer state in the Eurasian Economic Union (since April 14, 2017)

Other potential participants

• Tajikistan- in 2012 announced his intention to join the Customs Union and the EAEU after Kyrgyzstan.
• Mongolia

On July 21, 2015, Syria announced its desire to join the EAEU. On August 11, 2016, Tunisia also announced a similar intention through its ambassador to the Russian Federation.

[edit] Integration levels

[edit] Common Economic Space

On January 1, 2012, the Common Economic Space of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan was created, which at that time became the closest form of integration of these countries. Key points of the agreements on the SES came into force in July 2012. The Customs Union is part of the agreements on the SES.

The SES is designed to ensure freedom of movement of goods, capital, services and labor between member states. The goal is also to ensure the beginnings of coordination of macroeconomics and the financial sector, transport and energy, trade, industrial and agro-industrial complexes and other important areas of the economy.

The composition of the SES is the same as that of the Eurasian Economic Union (Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia). Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Abkhazia also express interest in joining the SES.

[edit] Customs Union

Customs Union of the EAEU(until 2014 - the Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Community, CU EurAsEC) - one of the forms of economic integration in the post-Soviet space. Among the people and the media, this organization is simply called “TS”. It was the term “Customs Union” in 2010-2014. was most often mentioned in the media when discussing economic integration in the post-Soviet space.

The main body of the Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia is the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council, which includes the heads of state and government of the Customs Union. At the level of heads of state, the council meets at least once a year, at the level of heads of government - at least twice a year. Decisions are made by consensus and become binding in all participating states.

The functions of the regulatory body have been performed by the Eurasian Economic Commission since January 1, 2012.

[edit] Vehicle composition

Currently, the Customs Union includes the following states:

[edit] Candidates for membership in the CU

• Tajikistan- in 2012 announced his intention to join the Customs Union and the EAEU after Kyrgyzstan. The entry of Kyrgyzstan was delayed, but it took place. Negotiations with Tajikistan are also dragging on.
• Mongolia- announced its intention to join the Customs Union and the EAEU in 2016.
• Moldova- On April 14, 2017, it received the status of an observer state at the Eurasian Economic Union. Since, as of 2017, in Moldova the president is in favor of Eurasian integration, and the parliament is against it, then further fate integration with Moldova depends on the development of the internal situation in this country.
  • Gagauzia- at a referendum held in 2014, she advocated joining the Customs Union. It should be taken into account that Gagauz autonomy is not an independent country either de jure or de facto. This is an autonomous republic within Moldova.

• Syria- also announced its desire to join the Customs Union back in 2010. Currently, preparations are being made for the signing of an agreement on a free trade zone between Syria and the Customs Union.

A number of unrecognized or partially recognized states also want to join the CU (due to their status, they face obstacles in realizing their intentions):

• Abkhazia- On February 16, 2010, she informally announced her desire to join the Customs Union.

• South Ossetia- On October 15, 2013, she announced her intention to join the Customs Union.

• Donetsk People's Republic

• Lugansk People's Republic- in 2014 announced its intention to join the Customs Union.

• Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic- On February 16, 2012, she announced her intention to join the Customs Union.

Former potential candidates

• Ukraine- according to its long-standing tradition, the Ukrainian leadership tried to sit on two chairs at the same time, moving closer to both the European Union and the Customs Union, but the CU member states made it clear that such a development of events is unacceptable. Currently, the issue of joining the Customs Union has stalled due to civil war in Ukraine. The current Ukrainian leadership has set a course for the so-called “European association”, which involves the introduction of European rules and regulations in Ukraine, as well as the opening of the domestic market for European manufacturers. In fact, this is destroying and in many ways has already destroyed the remnants of the high-tech industry in Ukraine (Ukrainian exporters lost 29% of exports to Russia in 2014, missing $3.9 billion, while exports to the EU grew by only $1 billion (mainly in agriculture ).

[edit] Free trade zone

On September 20, 2012, the free trade area of ​​the commonwealth countries (CIS FTA) began operating between Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, which ratified the agreement. In 2012-2013 The treaty was also ratified by Kazakhstan, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova, Uzbekistan joined the FTA in a special manner, and Tajikistan signed the treaty, but has not yet ratified it.

A free trade area would "minimize exceptions to goods subject to import duties" and export duties would first be fixed and then phased out.

Agreements on a free trade zone on a bilateral basis in separate EAEU countries also signed with Serbia (a free trade regime has been in effect between Serbia and Russia since 2000, with Belarus - since March 31, 2009, with Kazakhstan - since October 7, 2010). The agreement with Vietnam was signed on May 25, 2015. On May 27, 2015, Egypt submitted an application to form an FTA with the EAEU.

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In 2014, it was planned to sign a similar agreement on a free trade area with New Zealand (now in question due to New Zealand’s participation in anti-Russian sanctions). Negotiations on concluding such agreements are also underway with the European Free Trade Association (Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein) , Israel, India, Syria, Montenegro and a number of Latin American countries.

In total, up to 40 countries intend to join the free trade zone with the EAEU; as of the beginning of 2017, about 50 countries expressed a desire to cooperate with the EAEU.

[edit] Countries that have signed the FTA

• Vietnam- the agreement was signed on May 29, 2015. Came into force 60 days after ratification in accordance with national legislation by all EAEU countries and Vietnam. The law on ratification of the FTA agreement was signed on May 2, 2016 by Russian President Vladimir Putin. On May 31, the law on ratification of the FTA agreement was signed by the President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko, and on June 2 by the President of Kyrgyzstan Almazbek Atambayev.

[edit] FTA at the negotiation stage

• Egypt- the application was submitted on May 27, 2015.
• Thailand- On April 1, 2016, Russia and Thailand began negotiations on the creation of a free trade zone.
• Iran- Negotiations began in 2015.
• Mongolia- will begin the stage of negotiations on a free trade zone and possible accession in the fall of 2016.
• Serbia- is negotiating the creation of an FTA with the EAEU

[edit] Expressed interest in cooperation

[edit] What does joining the EAEU give?

The EAEU is intended to improve economic interaction and significantly simplify the lives of citizens of Eurasian countries in a number of respects:

• Customs control procedures will be weakened or eliminated.
• Economic, transport, energy, and migration policies will be coordinated.
• Legislation regarding doing business and trade will be partially unified.
• On June 19, 2015 it was announced that territory of the EAEU International roaming will be cancelled.

[edit] Reaction of Western countries

Western politicians are by no means enthusiastic about the prospect of economic and political reintegration in the post-Soviet space. US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, for example, said that “the United States will try to prevent the re-creation of the Soviet Union.”

The only thing the United States has achieved so far in obstructing Eurasian integration is organizing a coup in Ukraine in February 2014, as a result of which the country actually collapsed during the Ukrainian crisis. At the same time, the part of Ukraine that remained under the control of American puppets was imposed a suicidal course of breaking economic ties with the Russian Federation and “European association” with the EU. The collapse of Ukrainian industry and a serious energy crisis were clearly evident already in 2014.

Despite such clear intentions and actions of the United States, European political scientists believe that Russia will be able to expand its borders to approximately Soviet size in the next 20-30 years.

Putin, meanwhile, does not miss the opportunity to poke fun at Europeans who are now suffering from separatist sentiments, hinting at inviting certain people to the Customs Union European countries. Nazarbayev allows Turkey to be involved in Eurasian integration.

Countries of the Customs Union: list

In the modern world, many countries unite into unions - political, economic, religious and others. One of the largest such unions was the Soviet Union. Now we see the emergence of the European, Eurasian, and also Customs unions.

The Customs Union was positioned as a form of trade and economic integration of a number of countries, which provides not only a common customs territory for mutually beneficial trade with the absence of duties, etc., but also a number of points regulating trade with third countries. This agreement was signed on October 6, 2007 in Dushanbe; at the time of its conclusion, the union included the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan and Belarus.

The first article of the contract on the movement of goods within this territory states the following:

• There is no customs duty. And not only for goods of own production, but also for cargo from third countries.
• There are no economic restrictions other than compensatory and anti-dumping ones.
• The countries of the Customs Union apply a single customs tariff.

Current countries and candidates

There are both permanent member countries of the Customs Union that were its founders or joined later, and those that have only expressed a desire to join.

Candidates for membership:

TS managers

There was a special CU commission, which was approved at the time of signing the agreement on the Customs Union. Its rules were the basis of the legal activities of the organization. The structure worked and remained within these legal frameworks until July 1, 2012, that is, until the creation of the EEC. The highest body of the union at that time was a group of representatives of the heads of state (Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian Federation), Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev (Republic of Kazakhstan) and Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko (Republic of Belarus)).

The following prime ministers were represented at the level of heads of government:

• Russia – Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev;
• Kazakhstan – Karim Kazhimkanovich Masimov;
• Belarus - Sergei Sergeevich Sidorsky.

Purpose of the Customs Union

The countries of the Customs Union, with the main goal of creating a single regulatory body, meant the formation of a common territory, which would include several states, and all duties on products would be abolished on their territory.

The second goal was to protect one’s own interests and markets, first of all, from harmful, poor-quality, and also competitive products, which makes it possible to smooth out all the shortcomings in the trade and economic sphere. This is very important, since protecting the interests of one’s own states, taking into account the opinions of the members of the union, is a priority for any country.

Benefits and prospects

First of all, the benefits are obvious for those enterprises that can easily purchase from neighboring countries. Most likely, these will only be large corporations and companies. As for future prospects, contrary to some economists’ forecasts that the Customs Union will entail a decrease in wages in participating countries, at the official level the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan announced an increase in wages in the state in 2015.

That is why the world experience of such large economic entities cannot be attributed to this case. Countries that have joined the Customs Union can expect, if not rapid, but stable growth in economic ties.

Agreement

The final version of the Agreement on the Customs Code of the Customs Union was adopted only at the tenth meeting, 10.26.2009. This pact spoke of the creation of special groups that would monitor activities to bring the revised draft treaty into effect.

The countries of the Customs Union had until July 1, 2010 to make changes to their legislation to eliminate contradictions between this Code and the Constitution. Thus, another contact group was created to resolve problems arising from differences between national legal systems.

All the nuances related to the territories of the Customs Union were also finalized.

Territory of the Customs Union

The countries of the Customs Union have a common customs territory, which is determined by the borders of the states that have entered into an agreement and are members of the organization. The Customs Code, among other things, determines the expiration date of the commission, which was July 1, 2012. Thus, a more serious organization was created, which has much more powers and, accordingly, more people on its staff in order to fully control all processes. On January 1, 2012, the Eurasian Economic Commission (EAEC) officially began its work.

The Eurasian Economic Union includes member countries of the Customs Union: the founders - Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan - and the recently joined states, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia.

The establishment of the EAEU implies a wider range of relationships in the freedom of movement of labor, capital, services and goods. Also, a coordinated economic policy of all countries must be constantly pursued, and a transition to a single customs tariff must be carried out.

The total budget of this union is formed exclusively in Russian rubles, thanks to the share contributions made by all member countries of the Customs Union. Their size is regulated by the Supreme Council, which consists of the heads of these states.

Russian has become the working language for the regulations of all documents, and the headquarters will be located in Moscow. The financial regulator of the EAEU is in Almaty, and the court is in the capital of Belarus, Minsk.

Bodies of the Union

The highest regulatory body is the Supreme Council, which includes the heads of participating states.

A judicial body was also created, which is responsible for the application of treaties within the Union.

The Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) is a regulatory body that provides all the conditions for the development and functioning of the Union, as well as the development of new proposals in the economic sphere regarding the format of the EAEU. It consists of the Ministers of the Commission (deputy prime ministers of the Union member states) and the Chairman.

Main provisions of the Treaty on the EAEU

Of course, the EAEU, compared to the CU, has not only broader powers, but also a much more extensive and specific list of planned work. This document no longer has any general plans, and for each specific task the path for its implementation is determined and a special working group is created that will not only monitor the implementation, but also control its entire progress.

In the resulting agreement, the countries of the single Customs Union, and now the EAEU, secured an agreement on coordinated work and the creation of common energy markets. The work on energy policy is quite large-scale and will be implemented in several stages until 2025.

The document also regulates the creation of a common market for medical devices and medicines by January 1, 2016.

Great importance is attached to transport policy on the territory of the EAEU states, without which it will not be possible to create a single joint action plan. The development of a coordinated agro-industrial policy is envisaged, which includes the mandatory formation of veterinary and phytosanitary measures.

A coordinated macroeconomic policy provides an opportunity to translate all planned plans and agreements into reality. In such conditions, general principles of interaction are developed and the effective development of countries is ensured.