The theme is forest and man and the world around him. Lesson summary on the surrounding world "forest and man." Depends on everyone

Educational and educational complex "School of Russia"

Lesson topic Forest and man

Teacher's goals

Create conditions for familiarization with environmental problems of the forest that have arisen due to human fault, with human conservation activities;

defining the boundaries of knowledge and “ignorance”;

help students develop an understanding of the role of forests in the lives of humans and nature; initial search skills necessary information and analysis of the information received;

developing interest in the subject “The World around us”

Lesson type: discovery of new knowledge

Planned educational results:

subject (scope of development and level of competence): will have the opportunity to learn to formulate and justify rules of conduct in the forest; work with a textbook, with models of studied objects and phenomena of the surrounding world.

meta-subject (components of cultural competence experience/acquired competence): will master the ability to understand learning task lesson, answer questions, summarize your own ideas; listen to the interlocutor and conduct a dialogue, evaluate their achievements in the lesson; know how to join verbal communication, use the textbook.

personal : have moral consciousness and competence in solving moral problems based on personal choice; demonstrate moral feelings and moral behavior, a conscious and responsible attitude towards their own actions

Methods and forms of training : partially search, research; group, frontal, collective, individual

Equipment photographs of the forest; presentation: “Forest and Man”; herbarium

Basic Concepts Phytoncides

During the classes

I.Updating background knowledge

1.Check homework:

Children's messages about taiga, mixed and deciduous forests according to plan

Location on the map.

Features of nature.

Animal and plant life

(Slides 2-4)

2. Solving a crossword puzzle. (Slide 5.)

1. Which tree is a symbol of Russia? (Birch.)

2. Conifer tree, which sheds needles. (Larch.)

3. This animal has a spotted color, “whiskers” and tufts on the ears. (Lynx.)

4. This animal can not only jump, but also fly. (Flying squirrel.)

5. Coniferous forest. (Taiga.)

6. A coniferous tree with flat needles and cones sticking up. (Fir.)

7. Lives in the wilderness of the forest, and in summer and winter he is a diligent worker, a forest carpenter with a nose. (Woodpecker.)

8. Coniferous tree with short needles located singly. (Spruce.)

9. Tree with heart-shaped leaves. (Linden.)

10. What bird distributes the fruits of the cedar pine? (Kedrovka.)

11. Coniferous tree with a smooth yellow trunk. The needles are long and come in pairs. (Pine.)

Keywords: TAKE CARE OF THE FOREST.

II. Motivation (self-determination) for learning activities. Emotional, psychological motivational preparation of students to master educational material(Slide 6.) Reading a poem by S. Nikulina. Russian forest.

Russian forest

There's nothing sweeter

Wander and think here.

Heals, warms,

Feed the Russian forest.

And the thirst will torment -

That's a little forest guy for me

Among the thorny thickets

The fontanel will show.

I’ll bend over to him to get a drink -

And you can see everything to the bottom.

Water flows

Tasty and cold.

A rowan tree is waiting for us in the forest,

Nuts and flowers.

Fragrant raspberry

On dense bushes.

I'm looking for a mushroom clearing

I, without sparing my legs,

And if I get tired -

I'll sit down on a tree stump.

The forest loves pedestrians very much,

For them, he is completely his own.

There's a goblin wandering around here somewhere

With a green beard.

Life seems different

And my heart doesn't hurt

When over your head,

Like eternity, the forest is noisy.

(S. Nikulina.)

– What relationships is this poem talking about?

What is a forest for a person?

What are we going to talk about today? (Formulation of the lesson topic0

Entries on slide (7) “Forest and Man”

Setting the lesson goal.

III. Learning new material Work in groups: identifying the role of the forest

in the life of man and nature (Working with the textbook p. 106)

Group assignments:

1. “Experts.” What is a forest for a person? (The forest is a place of rest.)

2. “Why?” What does the word “heal” mean, heard in S. Nikulina’s poem?

3. "Researchers". Where do we buy medicines?

– Medicinal plants also grow in the forest. This means that the forest is also a pharmacy.

– Why does the forest feed? (The forest is the source clean water and food.)

– How can a forest warm a person? (The forest is a source of fuel.)

– Look around, what things made of wood do you see? (Cabinets, tables, chairs, pencils, rulers, books and notebooks are also made of wood.)

This means that the forest is a source of wood.

– What do flowers, bushes, mushrooms, trees do in the forest?

(They grow there.)

– What about animals, insects, birds? (They live.)

This means that the forest is a home for plants, animals, and mushrooms.

– Look at how many meanings a forest has, but that's not all.

Forest is a protector of air, water bodies, and soils.

– Now open your textbooks and get acquainted with a new word for you, which is of great importance for the forest and people:phytoncides. These are substances that are secreted by plant leaves. They kill pathogenic bacteria. This is how important the forest is for humans and animals.

Summarizing the material based on the presentation. (Slides 9-15)

Presentation: “The meaning of the forest”

House for plants and animals

Source of berries, mushrooms, medicinal plants

Wood source

Protector of air, water bodies, soils

A place of rest for a person

4. – What should a person remember when entering the forest?

Rules of behavior in the forest. (Game: “Yes-no”)

When I saw the fly agaric

I'm passing by friends.

(Yes.)

The chick fell out of the nest,

We can't touch him.

(Yes.)

Who collects lingonberries?

Bush with roots

vomits.

(Not me.)

Narva lilies of the valley in the forest

For mom's holiday

I'll bring it.

(No.)

Who is walking along the path?

Don't step on bugs?

(I.)

We don't break branches,

When we walk through the forest.

(Yes.)

We saw a hedgehog

And they took him home.

(No.)

We will find the anthill

Let's watch and leave.

(Yes.)

"Researchers". Is a person always fair to the forest? Is it not his fault that ecological problems forests?

Forest problems

Felling.

– What other problems does the forest have? (Showing the Red Book.)

Illegal hunting (poaching).

1. “Why” – why is the fourth one extra?

2. “Connoisseurs” - how they know the forest zone.

3. “Researchers” - solve research problems.

"Why?" What depends on each of us when we come to the forest?

– Why shouldn't you leave trash in the forest?

– Why can't you make a fire?

“Fire in the Forest” (video show)

Physical education minute .

IV. Incorporating new knowledge into the knowledge system. Practical activities.

1 Teacher's story.

– Each of us should think about how our descendants will see the forests in centuries, in millennia, and whether the forest can give them what it gives us now. After all, the forest is also a source of knowledge.

The story is based on Boris Zubkov’s book “What the Bat Suggested.”

"Autumn. Leaves wither and turn yellow. I just don’t want the leaves to part with the tree. And the wind gets stronger, tries to tear off the leaf, cold ground quit. But one leaf of the edge was bent, almost curled into a tube. A leaf tube exposes its round sides to the wind, the wind blows on it from all sides, but cannot tear it off. Why?

Let's do an experiment, guys! Grab the edges of a piece of paper and lift it up. The sheet will immediately bend. Roll the paper tightly into a tube. Now try to bend and break such a tube. Difficult? So the wind is powerless against a sheet bent into a tube. One day a man saw such a leaf. And he conceived a bridge across the river, also like a leaf-tube. Big Bridge, a thousand meters long. The resulting bridge is very strong. Because it looked like a leaf of wood, rolled into a strong, rigid tube.”

These are the discoveries nature suggested to man and awakened his creative thought.

This means that nature (forest) is a source of knowledge

2.Complete tasks from electronic application to the textbook.

Everything depends on you and me. We must take care of the forest and protect it. So let's turn to our descendants with the same request to protect and preserve the forest - our wealth, our lungs of the planet, our beauty.

On pieces of paper, write down the rules of behavior in the forest and your wishes for your descendants.

3. Rules of conduct in the forest. (Generalization) Slide 22)

4. Creative work come up with conventional signs to the rules of conduct in the forest.

V. Lesson summary.

Reflection Summarizing the information received during the lesson.

Closing conversation. Grading

The bell is ringing

The lesson is over,

And the plan was completed.

Thanks guys,

Huge to you

For being persistent

And they worked together!

– Did you like the lesson?

– How do you evaluate your work and the work of the class in the lesson?

VI. Homework (Slide 23)

– Find answers to questions:

1. Why doesn’t the Earth run out of oxygen?

2. What benefits does the forest bring to people?

3. What benefits do birds bring?

4. How should a person behave in the forest?

5. How can schoolchildren take part in forest protection?

6. What advice would you give to those camping outdoors in the forest?

And what does it mean, will heal, sounded in the poem?

2 student .There are many medicinal plants in the forest. Hawthorn - lowers blood pressure, Linden blossom- used for colds, strawberries are rich in many vitamins, rose hips are also rich in vitamins. Especially here in the north, many medicinal plants are useful, since people's health is poorer.

Teacher : Where do we buy medicine?

Students: At the pharmacy.

Teacher: But these medicinal plants grow in the forest.

So the forest is also

Teacher: How can it warm a person?

4 student. A person heats a house with wood, and the wood is trees that grew in the forest. That means forest.

Teacher . What do flowers, bushes, mushrooms, trees do in the forest? (They grow there)

What about animals, insects, birds? (They live)

This means the forest is home for them.

4.Working with the textbook p.106.

Teacher: -You have become acquainted with a new word for you, which is of great importance for the forest and people.

PHYTOCIDES

These are substances that are secreted by plant leaves. They kill pathogenic bacteria.

This is how important the forest is for humans and animals.

On the desk -THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FOREST

RESTING-PLACE

5. What should a person remember when entering the forest?

A game. When I saw the fly agaric

I'm passing by friends. (Yes)

The chick fell out of the nest,

We can't touch him. (Yes)

Who collects lingonberries?

We tear out the bush by the roots. (not me)

Who is walking along the path?

Don't step on bugs? (I)

We don't break branches,

When we walk through the forest. (Yes)

We saw a hedgehog

And they took him home. (no)

We will find the anthill

Let's watch and leave. (Yes)

Narva lilies of the valley in the forest

I'll bring it to my mom for the holiday. (No)

Physical exercise.

Hands raised and shook

These are trees in the forest

Arms bent, hands shaken -

The wind blows away the dew

To the side of the hand, wave it smoothly -

These are the birds flying towards us

Let us show you how they sit down quietly -

The wings were folded back.

6. Conversation about nature conservation.

Teacher.

— Is a person always fair to the forest? Listen to the poem:

Sasha cried as the forest was cut down,

Even now she feels sorry for him to the point of tears.

There were so many curly birches here!

There because of the old frowning spruce

The red clusters of viburnum looked out.

A young oak tree rose there,

Birds reigned in the top of the forest,

All sorts of animals were lurking below.

Suddenly men with axes appeared.

The forest rang, groaned, and crackled.

The hare listened and ran away.

What environmental problem? we're talking about in a poem? (About deforestation).

— What other environmental problem can you name? (Illegal hunting-poaching).

On the desk.

— What other problems does the forest have?

2 student.

Man has long killed animals to get food, but this was necessary for the survival of people, but they killed as much as they could eat. Now, excessive hunting has led to the complete or almost complete extermination of some animal species. Currently, hunting of forest animals is limited, and poaching is punishable by law. Many species of rare animals are taken under protection, and plants and animals listed in the Red Book are under special protection.

Display of the Red Book.

This means another forest problem.

ILLEGAL HUNTING (POACHING)

7 . Independent work (in groups)

Completing tasks in workbook No. 3 pages 51.What environmental problems are reflected in the pictures?

Completing tasks in workbook no. 4 page 51 Use the atlas key.

8.What depends on each of us when we come to the forest?

Why shouldn't you leave trash in the forest? The flow of plastic bottles, bags, packaging film makes up 40% of the total household waste. Animals may be injured on bottles and cans.

. Why can't you make a fire? Animals and plants die. But this could not have happened. If a person follows the rules of making a fire and does not forget to extinguish it.

Listen to the poem "Forest Fire"

Forgetful hunter at rest

Didn't notice, didn't trample the fire.

He went into the forest, and the branches were burning out

And reluctantly smoked until the morning

And in the morning the wind dispersed the fogs,

And the dying fire came to life

And showering sparks in the middle of the clearing

Crimson rags spread out

He burned all the grass and flowers together

He burned the bushes, green Forest went.

Like a frightened flock of red squirrels,

He darted from trunk to trunk.

And the forest was buzzing with a fiery blizzard,

The trunks fell with a frosty crack

And like snowflakes, sparks flew from them

Above the gray drifts of ash.

What human act became a terrible disaster for the forest?

But this might not have happened if the person had followed the rules for making a fire and had not forgotten to extinguish it and make sure that the fire did not flare up again. Let's get acquainted with the memo “how to make a fire” page 107.

Creative work No. 5 on page 52 (group work)

Working with SD Working in a group.

9. Summing up the lesson.

List the environmental problems of forests.?

From whom does the forest suffer first?

What should a person do to avoid reducing the number of forests?

How can we take care of the forests that are located near us?

Have we answered all the questions posed at the beginning of the lesson? (which are written on the board)

Reflection

What knowledge have you discovered for yourself?

Where can new knowledge be useful in life?

What did you do well in the lesson?

Which guys can you thank?

Students attach a flower petal of a certain color to the poster on the board, corresponding to the student’s mood and attitude towards the lesson.

— Did you like the lesson? What did you learn in the lesson?

The sun hides in the fog

Dense forest, goodbye!

You protected us from the heat,

He gave me living water to drink.

Gave me health and fresh strength

And he treated me to a treat.

You will grow to the joy of people!

We will be friends with you.

Good forest, mighty forest

Full of fairy tales and miracles!

Teacher- Shishlova Maria Vasilievna, teacher primary classes

Educational institution – Municipal state educational institution “Teguldetskaya secondary comprehensive school»

Item – the world

Class- fourth

Subject–Forest and man

Lesson duration- 45 minutes

Lesson Objectives: To form in students an idea of ​​the role of the forest in the life of man and nature, to familiarize them with the environmental problems of the forest that have arisen due to human fault, to cultivate respect and love for nature, a culture of behavior;

develop logical thinking, ability to analyze and draw conclusions;

organize group work on modeling the relationship between forests and humans;

help children draw up and remember rules of conduct in the forest;

develop communication skills during group work.

Equipment: textbook “The World Around Us” by A.A. Pleshakov; multimedia support; audio recordings of songs, pictures of plants and animals

During the classes

1.Organizational moment,message of the topic, lesson objectives

The song “Forest March” sounds (lyrics by Sinyavsky, music by Yu. Chichkov)

Why did we start our lesson with this song? (this song talks about the taiga, children walk under cedars and pines. And about birch trees that must be protected)

Who should protect the forest?

Which of you can name the topic of our lesson? (Forest and man)

Today in class we will continue our conversation about the life of the forest. We will talk about the role of forests in nature and people's lives, about the use of forests and their protection.

2. Checking homework

Front work

Before you start studying new topic, let's find out what you know about the forest zone. Show its location on the map and tell about natural conditions that have developed there.

What plants and animals would you like to tell your friends about?

(listening to messages prepared at home)

Whose message did you like best and why?

Blitz tournament “I know the forest”

What forest do we call taiga? (coniferous)

Name the tree: “Tall, slender, with yellowish-reddish or brown bark. The branches are only at the top. The needles are long and arranged in pairs. Cones are small, round” (pine)

What special difference does larch have? (drops needles)

What bird distributes the fruits of the cedar pine? (nutcracker)

Which tree is the symbol of Russia? (birch)

This animal can not only jump, but also fly. (flying squirrel)

Acorns are the fruit of which tree? (oak)

Which animal has five black stripes on its back? (chipmunk)

What tree broadleaf forest When it blooms, does it spread a wonderful aroma around? (Linden)

Recognize the animal by its description: “Loves dark forests, quietly creeps up to the victim, has a spotted color, “whiskers” and tufts on the ears? (lynx)

Individual work on cards (4-5 students):

1 task: determine which trees these seeds and cones belong to? (the cards show images of seeds and cones of trees in the forest zone);

Task 2: write two food chains that have developed in the forest zone;

Task 3: visual dictation: connect with arrows the trees and the forest in which they grow:

3. Learning new material

Reading the poem “Russian Forest” by S. Nikulina

There's nothing sweeter
Wander and think here.
Heals, warms,
Feed the Russian forest.

And the thirst will torment -
That's a little forest guy for me
Among the thorny thickets
The fontanel will show.

I’ll bend over to him to get a drink -
And you can see everything to the bottom.
Water flows,
Tasty and cold.

Rowan trees are waiting for us in the forest,
Nuts and flowers,
Fragrant raspberry
On dense bushes.

I'm looking for a mushroom clearing
I, without sparing my legs,
And if I get tired -
I'll sit down on a tree stump.

The forest loves pedestrians very much,
For them, he is completely his own.
There's a goblin wandering around here somewhere
With a green beard.

Life seems different
And my heart doesn't hurt
When over your head,
Like eternity, the forest is noisy.

What relationships is this poem talking about? (The poem talks about the relationship between man and the forest.)

This poem will help us figure out what the forest is for humans. Read it again to yourself.

(Independent reading of the poem)

So what is a forest for a person?

We will try to look at this topic through the eyes of people different professions. (children are divided into three groups: biologists, ecologists, doctors)

Work in groups.

Children prove the relationship between man and forest. A slide show is running at the same time.

Doctors.

Why forest pharmacy? (There are many medicinal plants in the forest. Forest air also heals. In the forest, a person finds food for himself - these are berries, nuts, mushrooms, clean water.)

What role does the forest play in human life and health? (The forest is a place of rest for humans, as well as a source of clean food and water.)

Biologists.

What awaits a person in the forest?

What are rowan berries, nuts, and flowers doing in the forest?

What is the forest for them?

For whom is the forest still home?

This means that the forest is also a home for plants, animals, and mushrooms.

Ecologists.

What is forest to air? (The forest is a protector of air, water bodies and soils.)

How do forests protect water bodies? (Where the forest grows, the river does not become shallow.)

Problematic situation.

Recording on the slide:

Wood - durable nature education. Forests have existed on earth for hundreds, thousands of years. Nothing and no one can destroy the forest.

Do you agree with this statement? (children prove their answers)

Is a person always fair to the forest?

Is it his fault that environmental problems in the forest arise?

Listen to another poem and think about what environmental problem it is talking about.

N. Nekrasov.

Sasha cried as the forest was cut down,
Even now she feels sorry for him to the point of tears.
There were so many curly birches here!
There because of the old frowning spruce
The red clusters of viburnum looked out.
A young oak tree rose there,
Birds reigned in the top of the forest,
All sorts of animals were lurking below.
Suddenly men with axes appeared.
The forest rang, groaned, and crackled.
The hare listened and ran away.

So, what environmental problem is the poem talking about? (Deforestation)

Look at how wood harvesting is currently going on. (Slide show)

If earlier the forest was cut down as needed, with the help of an ax, now only stumps remain after the loggers. People thought that there were so many forests that it was impossible to cut them down. Now it has become clear: the forest is in danger! This is what the girl Sasha understood from Nekrasov’s poem; she felt sorry for the birds and animals left without a home.

How does this photo make you feel?

This photo evokes different feelings, but I’m glad that you care about the fate of the forest.

Physical exercise.

Hands raised and shook -

These are trees in the forest.

Arms bent, hands shaken -

The wind blows away the dew.

Let's wave our hands to the sides, smoothly -

These are the birds flying towards us.

Let us show you how they sit down quietly -

The wings were folded back.

Listen to Sukhomlinsky's story “Ashamed before the nightingale.”

Student reads:

Olya and Lida, little girls, went into the forest. Tired of the journey, we sat down to rest and have lunch. They took bread, butter, and eggs out of the bag. When the girls had already finished dinner, a nightingale began to sing not far from them. Fascinated by the beautiful singing, Olya and Lida sat, afraid to move. The nightingale stopped singing. Olya collected the remains of her food and scraps of paper and threw them under a bush. Lida wrapped the eggshells in newspaper and bread crumbs and put the bag in her bag.

- Why do you take trash with you? - Olya said. - Throw it under the bush. After all, we are in the forest, no one will see!

“I’m ashamed of the nightingale,” Lida answered quietly.

Whose behavior in the forest do you think is correct?

What other forest problems do you know?

(Air pollution and fires)

You already know that plastic and glass objects do not rot even in the ground. If food waste While paper can be buried in the forest, cans and glass bottles should never be left in the forest, and animals can be injured by the fragments of broken bottles. (show a slide with photographs of unauthorized landfills outside our village, etc.)

What human act became a terrible disaster for the forest? (slide show)

But this might not have happened if the person had followed the rules for making a fire and had not forgotten to put it out.

Work in groups.

At the same time, a slide is shown.

Doctors, biologists and ecologists now have to tell us what can happen if people do not take care of the forest and its riches.

Doctors.

With air pollution from factory pipes, there will be less and less clean air in nature. There will be more sick people.

Biologists.

Due to the lack of clean air, plant growth will be disrupted and animals will disappear.

Ecologists.

There will be no place left for people to rest. The source of Chita water and food will disappear from the face of the earth. Human health will be affected. And this is an environmental disaster!

Rules of behavior in the forest

The forest is our wealth. Forests are “the lungs of our planet.”

Why do you think some people do not follow the rules of behavior in the forest?

What rules do you know?

(Children's answers)

Show the slide, read the rules.

Conclusion: Of course, each of us should think about how our descendants will see the forests in a century, in a millennium, and whether the forest will be able to give them what it is now giving us.

4. Lesson summary.

Our experts helped us in the lesson to determine the interaction between man and forest.

What new things have you learned about yourself?

Our planet is depicted on the board ( white) . Look how lonely and cold she is. Our specialists will now place their symbols on the planet. (Children place symbols: animals, plants).

And now our planet has become elegant and beautiful. And all this depends on the person (an image of a person is placed in the middle). And of course from you and me.

Last slide.

Reading a poem.

Tree, grass, flower and bird
They don't always know how to defend themselves.
If they are destroyed,
We will be alone on the planet.

5 .Homework.

Assignment in the workbook p. 36 No. 4

Draw signs calling to protect nature.

Slide 1.

During the classes

I. Organizational beginning.

Dear Guys! Today is an unusual day at our school! Our guests are teachers from various schools. And I hope that they will like it at our school, and that you will be able to show what you have learned during this time. During the lesson, you will complete tasks, give complete answers, listen carefully to the teacher’s questions and your friends’ answers, and help each other in difficult situations.

Sit correctly and check the location of your lesson supplies.

Slide 2

1.2. Communicating the topic and objectives of the lesson

There is just a temple

There is a temple of science.

And there is a temple of nature -

With scaffolding reaching out

Towards the sun and winds.

He is holy at any time of the day,

Open to us in the heat and cold,

Come in here

Be a little hearty

Do not desecrate his shrines.

P. Checking homework

2.1. Differentiated approach

Before moving on to studying a new topic, I would like to find out what you know about the forest zone:

Animal world;

Taiga;

Mixed forest.

2.2. Working with cards

Connect with arrows the trees and the forest in which they grow:

Fir taiga

birch

Mixed forest

cedar pine

Linden

broadleaf forest

alder

pine

larch

Oak

Maple

Answer:

taiga - fir, cedar pine, pine, larch;

mixed forest - fir, birch, alder, pine, larch;

broadleaf forest - linden, oak, maple.

2.3. Work in pairs.

Blitz tournament “I know the forest”(the teacher dictates, and then the students change notebooks and check on the screen)

What forest do we call taiga?

Name the tree: “Tall, slender, with yellowish-reddish or brown bark. The branches are only at the top. The needles are long and arranged in pairs. The cones are small and round."

What special difference does larch have?

What bird distributes the fruits of the cedar pine?

Which tree is the symbol of Russia?

This animal can not only jump, but also fly.

Acorns are the fruit of which tree?

Which animal has five black stripes on its back?

What tree of the broad-leaved forest spreads a wonderful aroma around when it blooms?

Recognize the animal by its description: “Loves dark forests, quietly creeps up to its prey, has a spotted color, “whiskers” and tufts on the ears”?

Slide 3

III. Working on a new topic

What can be called a forest?

What types of forests are there?

Slide 4.

Slide 5.

Slide 6.

3.1. Independent reading of the poem.

Let's read S. Nikulina's poem “Russian Forest”, and then discuss it:

There's nothing sweeter

Wander and think here.

Heals, warms,

Feed the Russian forest.

And the thirst will torment -

That's a little forest guy for me

Among the thorny thickets

The fontanel will show.

I’ll bend over to him to get a drink -

And you can see everything to the bottom.

Water flows,

Tasty and cold.

Rowan trees are waiting for us in the forest,

Nuts and flowers,

Fragrant raspberry

On dense bushes.

I'm looking for a mushroom clearing

I, without sparing my legs,

And if I get tired -

I'll sit down on a tree stump.

The forest loves pedestrians very much,

For them, he is completely his own.

There's a goblin wandering around here somewhere

With a green beard.

Life seems different

And my heart doesn't hurt

When over your head,

Like eternity, the forest is noisy.

What relationships is this poem talking about?

So what is a forest for a person? (The first card opens - “resting place”).

Why is the forest a pharmacy?(the second card opens - “pharmacy”).

- In the forest, a person finds food for himself - these are berries, nuts, mushrooms, clean water: “it will feed the Russian forest,” “I’ll bend down to drink from it...”(the card “source of clean water and food” opens).

How can a forest warm a person?

- This means that the forest is a source of fuel for humans.(the “fuel source” card opens).

Look around, what things made of wood do you see?

- What on your tables is made of wood?

- What awaits a person in the forest? Find it in the poem.

- What do flowers, bushes, and mushrooms do in the forest?

- What does the forest mean to them?

- For whom else is the forest home?

- This means that the forest is also a home for plants, animals, and mushrooms.(a card “house for plants, animals, mushrooms” opens).

What roles does the forest play?

- What is forest to air?

- What else is the forest a protector for?The card “protector of air, water bodies and soils” opens.

How do forests protect water bodies?

- How does the forest protect the soil?

- We did a very good job. Look at the diagram we came up with.

Slide 7

Meaning of forest

1. Rest place

2. Pharmacy

3. Source of water and food

4. Fuel source

5. House for plants, mushrooms, animals

6. Protector of water bodies, air, soils

Let's read, What roles does the forest play?

3.2. Conversation about the environmental problem of the forest

- Is a person always fair to the forest? Is it his fault that environmental problems in the forest arise? What environmental problem is discussed in the following poem, listen:

Sasha cried as the forest was cut down,

Even now she feels sorry for him to the point of tears.

There were so many curly birches here!

There because of the old frowning spruce

The red clusters of viburnum looked out.

A young oak tree rose there,

Birds reigned in the top of the forest,

All sorts of animals were lurking below.

Suddenly men with axes appeared.

The forest rang, groaned, and crackled.

The hare listened and ran away.

N. Nekrasov

- What environmental problem is discussed in the poem?(We are talking about deforestation.)

- If earlier the forest was cut down as needed, with the help of an ax (which cannot be destroyed forested areas), now after the work of lumberjacks, terrible pictures remain. People thought that there were so many forests that it was impossible to cut them down. Now it has become clear: the forests are in danger! The girl Sasha from Nekrasov’s poem also understood this; she felt sorry for the birds and animals left without a home. How does the poem make you feel?(Free expressions of children.)

But I’m glad that you care about the fate of the forest, that you are concerned about the problem that has arisen - this means that you will look for ways to solve it.

Now let’s draw up a diagram on “forest problems”. In the last lesson we talked about the extermination of animals, what is the name of this problem?

Slide 8

Forest problem

Felling

Illegal hunting (poaching)

Who is a poacher?

Man has long killed animals to obtain food, but this was necessary for the survival of people, and they killed no more than they could eat. Now, excessive hunting has led to the complete or almost complete extermination of some animal species. Currently, hunting of forest animals is limited, and poaching is punishable by law. Many species of rare animals are taken under protection, and plants and animals listed in the Red Book are under special protection. The following are listed in the Red Book:

(The listing is accompanied by drawings of beetles, plants, birds and animals listed in the Red Book.)

Slide 9

3.3. Student message prepared at home

In the forest zone, the Priorkso - Terrace Reserve was created, which ... will tell us about.

Slide 10

IV. Physical education minute

Hands raised and shook -

These are trees in the forest.

Arms bent, hands shaken -

The wind blows away the dew.

Let's wave our hands to the sides, smoothly -

These are the birds flying towards us.

We'll show you how they sit down quietly -

The wings were folded back.

V. Continued study of a new topic

5.1. Reading Sukhomlinsky's story by role

We also have to figure out what depends on each of us. Let's read the story role by role.

Olya and Lida, little girls, went into the forest. Tired of the journey, we sat down to rest and have lunch. They took bread, butter, and eggs out of the bag. When the girls had already finished dinner, a nightingale began to sing not far from them. Fascinated by the beautiful singing, Olya andLida sat, afraid to move. The nightingale stopped singing. She collected the remains of her food and scraps of paper and threw them under Lida, wrapped the eggshells and bread in newspaper and put the bag in her bag.

Why do you take trash with you? - Olya said. - Throw it under the bush. After all, we are in the forest, no one will see!

“I’m ashamed in front of the nightingale,” Lida answered quietly..

Whose behavior in the forest do you think is correct?

A What can the forest turn into?

Slide 11

You already know that plastic and glass objects do not rot even in the ground. If food waste and paper can be buried in the forest, then cans, glass and plastic bottles Under no circumstances should you leave it in the forest, as animals may be injured by fragments of broken bottles.

5.2. Reading of the poem “Forest Fire” by V. Shefner and conversation on the content.

Today I would like to talk about one more human action. Listen to V. Shefner’s poem “Forest Fire”:

Forgetful hunter at rest

I didn’t sweep it away, I didn’t trample the fire.

He went into the forest, and the branches were burning out

And they reluctantly smoked until the morning...

And in the morning the wind dispersed the fogs,

And the dying fire came to life.

And, throwing sparks in the middle of the clearing.

He spread out his crimson rags.

He burned all the grass and flowers together,

He burned the bushes and went into the green forest.

Like a frightened flock of red squirrels,

He darted from trunk to trunk.

And the forest was buzzing with a fiery blizzard,

The trunks fell with a frosty crack,

And like snowflakes, sparks flew from them

Above the gray drifts of ash.

What human act became a terrible disaster for the forest?

Slide 12

Screening of the video “Fire in the Forest.”

But this might not have happened if the person had followed the rules for making a fire and had not forgotten to extinguish it and make sure that the fire would not flare up again.

Let's read the rules for making a fire in the textbook on p. 111

VI. Group work

Why do you think some people do not follow the rules of behavior in the forest?

Now come up with and draw signs that would reflect human actions that are dangerous to the forest. What are these actions?

- Logical thinking task.

VII. Generalization.

- And at the end of our lesson, I would like to read you a poem by Tim Sobakin:

If I pick a flower,

If you pick a flower,

If everything: both you and me,

If we pick flowers,

They will be empty

And trees and bushes.

And there will be no beauty

And there will be no kindness

If it's just me and you

If we pick flowers...

What should people remember when coming to the forest?

- Of course, each of us should think about how our descendants will see the forests in a century, in a millennium, and whether the forest will be able to give them what it gives us now.

VIII. Summarizing

Grading.

IX.Homework

At home you will complete the task of your choice:

1) read the text of the textbook;

2) you will find additional material about animals and plants of our region;

3) creative work: “Mini-essays”, continue the essay with 2 – 3 sentences.

1. If I were a forester, I would...

2. I am a forest doctor because...

3. If I were an animal, I would...

4. I am a birch tree. They call me the forest beauty because...

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Goals:

• To form in students an idea of ​​the importance of forests in the life of nature and people.
• Familiarize yourself with environmental forest problems arising due to human fault, with security activities in the forest zone.
• Develop cognitive interest, cultivate love and respect for nature, and a culture of behavior.

Equipment: multimedia projector; interactive board; presentations “Forest and Man”, “Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve”; Multimedia course "Lessons of Cyril and Methodius. The world around us. Grade 4." (CD); "Birds of central Russia: sounds of nature - 2002," a compact disc (CD-ROM) contains recordings of the voices of birds of central Russia. Rolled magnetic plastic poster "Natural Community of the Forest" and illustrated magnetic cards from the Spectra set. Pleshakov A.A. Kryuchkova E.A. The world around us: Textbook for 4th grade. Part 1. Pleshakov A.A. Kryuchkova E.A. The world around us: Let's test ourselves: Notebook for 4th grade elementary school students: Part 1. Puzzles. Exhibition of student written (printed) messages: about medicinal plants of the forest, forest mushrooms, berries; on the use of wood; on forest protection, the Red Book of the Russian Federation. (Children get acquainted with the messages before and after the lesson).

1. Org. moment. Updating knowledge.

Teacher. Guys, in the last lesson you got acquainted with the natural forest area. And in order for you to be able to determine what our lesson will be about today, I suggest listening to poems performed by our students:

The forest fills a basket with mushrooms
And in reserve
Leaves a little...
After all, the animals of the forest
They eat mushrooms,
Therefore greedy
Entry into the forest is prohibited!
V. Shulzhik

It's good in our forest!
As soon as I entered the bushes -
I found a boletus
Two chanterelles, boletus
And a green moss.
The prickly hedgehog is in front of me
I ran to my home.
Two titmouses in silence
They sang songs to me loudly.
I wandered further away
I picked blueberries there.
Now I bring everything home.
It's good in our forest!
G. Ladonshchikov

Children. We will talk about what the forest can give to a person, and about careful attitude to him

Showing the first slide of the presentation "Forest and Man".

U. Imagine that you are in the forest, close your eyes.

Listening to a fragment of the audio recording "Birds of Central Russia".

U. What sounds did you hear in the forest?

D. Birdsong.

U. Do you remember what the air is like in the forest?

D. There is clean air in the forest.

U. Do you like to be in the forest? Why?

D. The forest is beautiful, interesting, there are many different plants, animals, birds singing.

U. The forest is very important for nature and people. The forest is clean Fresh air. The beauty of forests inspired poets, artists and musicians to create wonderful works of art, for example, composer P.I. Tchaikovsky, artist I.I. Shishkina. Admire reproductions of forest landscapes painted by Ivan Shishkin.

Showing slide II of the presentation “Forest and Man” by I.I. Shishkin.

Mini quiz.

U. Remember which works you read in class? literary reading, these lines, and who is their author? (Three students recite excerpts from poems by heart):

It's a sad time! Ouch charm!
Your farewell beauty is pleasant to me -
I love the lush decay of nature,
Forests dressed in scarlet and gold...
A.S. Pushkin"It's a sad time! The charm of the eyes!"

The forest is like a painted tower,
Lilac, gold, crimson,
A cheerful, motley wall
Standing above a bright clearing...
I.A. Bunin"Leaf fall."

Enchantress in Winter
Bewitched, the forest stands -
And under the snow fringe,
motionless, mute,
He shines with a wonderful life...

Is the winter sun shining
On him your ray with a scythe -
Nothing will tremble in him,
It will all flare up and sparkle
Dazzling beauty.
F.I. Tyutchev"Enchantress Winter"

D. Forests are our common wealth, we must be able to admire them, we must protect the forest.

U. Lesson topic: "Forest and man." During the lesson we will talk about the role of forests in the lives of people and nature, get acquainted with the environmental problems of forests and the conservation activities of people in the forest zone.

II. Check of knowledge.

Working with the multimedia textbook "Lessons of Cyril and Methodius. The world around us. Grade 4." (CD). Lesson 09. Natural areas of Russia.

U. What have you learned about the forest area? (Students complete tasks on the interactive board):

a) Indicate the taiga zone on the map.

b) What plants are there in the taiga?

c) In what natural zone of Russia do oak, birch, maple, and aspen grow?

d) For which natural area What are the characteristics of these plants and animals?

Drawing up food chains using Spectra's illustrated magnetic cards "Natural Community of the Forest" (performed by 1 student).

Individual work on cards (the work is carried out by three students):

A) Complete the text: Forest zone located... in the tundra zone. It is indicated... by color on the map of natural areas. The forest zone is the most... natural zone, which is located in... the belt. The forest zone consists of... parts.

b) Correct errors in the text: Taiga is a deciduous forest; it occupies the smallest part of the forest zone. In the taiga Cold winter, summer is colder than in the tundra, so trees grow here that are especially demanding of heat: oak, cedar pine, birch, linden, maple, larch, spruce, aspen, fir, pine.

V ) Continue the sentences:

The forest zone is divided into three parts: ________________________

Closer to the south, mixed forests are replaced by ________________

In deciduous forests grow: ______________________________

Animals living in the taiga are:__________________________________________

Summing up the results of the knowledge test, marking.

III. Working on a new topic.

Guessing riddles.

U. I suggest you solve the riddles and think about the significance of the forest in the life of nature and people:

Like on a stitch, on a path
I see scarlet earrings.
I bent down for one,
And I came across ten!
I was leaning - I was not lazy,
I filled the mug with the top.
(Strawberries) E. Blaginina

A family lives on a stump:
Mom, dad, brother and me.
We have one house, and the roof
Everyone has their own.
(Honey mushrooms) N. Pikuleva

Of course not white -
I, brothers, am simpler,
I usually grow
In a birch grove.
(Boletus) 3. Alexandrova

This guy is very strong
Naughty tooth
Split it first
And then eat.
(Nut) Unknown author.

U. What were the riddles about? Think about why people come to the forest?

D. Collect mushrooms, berries, nuts.

U. What else does the forest give to a person? What does it mean for nature? (Children's answers).

Show III, IV, V slides of the presentation "Forest and Man". Students become familiar with the content of the slides and make comments.

U. Since ancient times, the forest fed and warmed people. Wood served as a material for building and heating homes. People made household utensils from wood, built huts, heated them with firewood and brushwood, wove bast shoes from bast, baskets from twigs, and boxes from birch bark. Our ancestors collected berries, mushrooms, nuts in the forests, and used medicinal herbs To cure illnesses, they hunted wild animals.

Working with the textbook.

U. You will learn about what other significance the forest has by reading the article in the textbook “The Role of the Forest in Nature and People’s Lives” on pp. 106 - 107.

U. What other roles does the forest play? (Children's answers).

Show slide VI of the presentation "Forest and Man". The meaning of the forest.

IV. Physical education minute.

Here is a tall pine tree
She reaches for the sun.
An ancient oak tree above the clearing
He spread the branches to the sides.
And mushrooms grow below,
There are so many of them here now!
Don't be lazy and don't be shy,
Lean over for mushrooms!
It's good to walk through the forest!
But learning is more interesting!
O.V. Uzorova, E.A. Nefyodova

V. Continued study of a new topic.

U. Is a person always fair to the forest? Whose fault do you think causes environmental problems in the forest? (Children's answers).

Students reading an excerpt from a story by K.G. Paustovsky "Creaky Floorboards".

Perhaps most of all to the composer P.I. Tchaikovsky was helped by the forests, the forest house where he stayed this summer, clearings, thickets... this amazing air...

The house stood on a hill. The forests went down into the cheerful distance, where a lake lay among the thickets. There the composer had favorite place- it was called Rudy Yar.

The road to Yar itself always caused excitement. Sometimes, in winter, in a damp hotel in Rome, he would wake up in the middle of the night and begin to remember this road step by step: first along a clearing where pink fireweed blooms near stumps, then through birch mushroom forests, then through a broken bridge over an overgrown river and along out and up, into the ship's forest.

He remembered this path, and his heart beat heavily. This place seemed to him the best expression of Russian nature...

He knew that today, having been there, he would return - and his favorite theme, long living somewhere inside, about the lyrical power of this forest side, would overflow and flow in streams of sounds. And so it happened. He stood for a long time on the cliff of Rudy Yar. Dew dripped from the thickets of linden and euonymus... The familiar land was all caressed by light, illuminated by it down to the last blade of grass. The variety and power of lighting caused Tchaikovsky to feel that state when it seems that something extraordinary, like a miracle, is about to happen. He had experienced this state before. He couldn't be lost. It was necessary to immediately return home, sit down at the piano and hastily write down what was played on sheets of music paper.

Tchaikovsky quickly walked towards the house. There was a tall, spreading pine tree in the clearing. He nicknamed it “the lighthouse.” She made a quiet noise, although there was no wind. Without stopping, he ran his hand over her heated bark...

Teacher.Having learned that the forest had been sold to the merchant Troshchenko, who was going to cut it down, Pyotr Ilyich desperately tried to “prevent the execution from happening”: he went to both the governor and Troshchenko. But, returning home, he nevertheless became an eyewitness to the “meanness”.

..."Will I have time? - thought Tchaikovsky... Tomorrow they will start cutting down the forest. What kind of meanness is this!" ... The horses carried the carriage into the clearing. Someone ahead shouted a warning. The coachman immediately reined in the horses. Tchaikovsky stood up and grabbed the coachman's shoulder. The lumberjacks scattered from the foot of the pine tree, bending over like thieves.

Suddenly the entire pine tree, from roots to top, shuddered and groaned. Tchaikovsky clearly heard this groan. The top of the pine tree swayed, the tree began to slowly lean towards the road and suddenly collapsed, crushing neighboring pines and breaking birches. With a heavy roar, the pine tree hit the ground, trembled with all its needles and froze. The horses backed away and began to snore.

It was a moment, just one terrible moment of death of a mighty tree that had lived here for two hundred years... Tchaikovsky approached the top of a fallen pine...

There were also birch branches broken off by pine trees. Tchaikovsky remembered how the birch trees tried to hold the falling pine tree, take it onto their flexible trunks in order to soften the fatal fall - the earth shook far away from him. He quickly went home. First to the right, then to the left, then behind was the roar of falling trunks. And still the earth groaned dully. Birds darted over the clearing... Tchaikovsky kept speeding up his steps. He almost ran.

Meanness! - he muttered. - Monstrous abomination! Who gave a person the right to mutilate and disfigure the earth so that some Troshchenko would slobber on banknotes at night? There are things that cannot be valued in rubles or billions of rubles. Is it really so difficult for these wise statesmen to understand there, in St. Petersburg, that the power of the country lies not only in material wealth, but also in the soul of the people! The wider and freer this soul is, the greater the greatness and strength the state achieves. And what fosters breadth of spirit if not this amazing nature! It must be protected, just as we protect human life itself. Descendants will never forgive us for the devastation of the earth, the desecration of what rightfully belongs not only to us, but also to them...

U. What environmental problem is K. Paustovsky talking about?

D. About deforestation.

Showing the VII slide of the presentation “Forest and Man” During deforestation.

U. Look at how timber is currently harvested. Such pictures remain after the work of loggers. How do these photographs make you feel?

Our forests are in danger! We are not indifferent to the fate of the forest, we are concerned about this problem, which means we need to look for ways to solve it. What would you propose to do to protect forests? (Collect waste paper).

U. Listen to the poem and tell me what kind of feasible assistance from schoolchildren in preserving forests is the author talking about?

Schoolboy, just one notebook
Let's save for a quarter with you!
And the forests we saved
They will say “thank you” to all voices.

Reading a poem (read by prepared students).

U. Think about what environmental problems of the forest Anatoly Orlov writes about “About the tourist Fedya and the bear (how not to behave in the forest)”

Through the thick green grass
A “green” tourist was going on a hike.
In the silence the “magician” rumbles,
His backpack rattles to the beat.
The sun is shining brightly in the sky,
A cool wind hits your face.
Fedya, that’s the tourist’s name,
For the first time he storms the distance...
- They are melting, - know this, -
There are cigarettes in a bright pack.
Yes, matches are smoking in the bushes,
What quits out of habit...
Here in a rowan jacket,
Picking up the toe of a shoe
Your cigarette butt, boy
Threw it deliciously onto a stump.
What a scared bird
It flew out of the nest in one fell swoop.
Fedya shouted after her:
- Hello to the wood grouse!
Unfinished bottle
Threw it into a pile at the fork.
A ray jumps from the bottle
A hot trickle through the heap...
A pile of dried branches
It will soon burst into flames like gunpowder.
-...The guy is strong, full of strength –
There is no trace of him...
From a rocket launcher to a squirrel
He hits the plate like in a shooting gallery...
Among the dense windfall
I decided to relax like I was at home.
And Fedya will soon go to rest -
A large fire was immediately lit.
I ate Snickers and drank tea. –
Full of fresh energy again.
And without putting out the fire,
Hidden in the dark wilderness...
But behind Fedya's back
The smoke is a thick veil.
And around this time
The bear walked quietly up the mountain.
Seeing everything is his habit:
He looks - the forest is burning from a match...
Where the fire glowed -
The old forest is burning.
From the burning heap to the thicket
The snake crawls, smoldering with fire...
They gave me a job
Until the seventh, immediately, sweat!
The red skin is smoking,
The bear continues to fight
With the fire running wild.
- There wasn’t enough time in the afternoon -
The evening is extinguishing, the night is extinguishing,
To help our native taiga!
Anger strangles the bear with all its might:
- I'll cut off the bastard's ears.
Let him cut it off on the nose,
How to behave in the forest.
But while I was extinguishing the taiga,
Fedya has long since disappeared...
Yes, - the bear thought, -
Hundreds of Fedya come to the forest.
Fedya will not see behind everyone
Even a thousand bears.
We need to make sure that Fedya
Honor the Bear Rules!
So that they, and all the boys
They were read like books.
Didn't smoke, didn't litter,
The forest was idolized in everything.
We took care of animals and birds,
Without bad habits, we would go on.
And then there are bears in the forest
Even Fedya will be welcome!

U. What rules of behavior in the forest did Fedya violate? What act of such a unfortunate tourist led to great trouble for the forest and its inhabitants?

D. Careless handling of fire leads to a fire in the forest.

Show the VIII slide of the presentation "Forest and Man". Forest fire.

U. Why is a forest fire dangerous? What should be done to prevent fires from starting a fire?

D. During a fire, forest inhabitants die, the ecological balance and ecological connections are disrupted. To avoid fires, you must follow the rules for making a fire.

Working with the textbook.

U. Read the memo “How to make a fire” on page 111 in the textbook.

U. What else can’t you do in the forest?

D. Break tree branches, destroy nests, make noise, litter.

U. This is what a forest can become.

Show slide IX of the presentation "Forest and Man". Landfills in the forest.

U. What harm do unauthorized landfills cause to forests and people?

D. They pollute the environment, disrupt the ecological balance, etc.

U. What other environmental problem of the forest do you know?

D. Killing animals is one of the environmental problems of the forest.

U. What did excessive hunting lead to?

D. To the complete or almost complete extermination of some animals.

U. What measures are being taken by the state to protect and save forest animals?

D. Hunting for forest animals is limited, poaching is punishable by law, rare and endangered animals and plants are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and are under special protection of the state.

Show X slide of the presentation "Forest and Man". Red Book.

Screening of the presentation "Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve".

U. Nature reserves have been created in the forest zone. You will learn about one of them by reading the presentation and the teacher’s story.

In the south of the Moscow region, near the city of Serpukhov, there is the Prioksko-Terrasny State Natural Biosphere Reserve - a pearl of nature in the southern Moscow region. The reserve was created in June 1945 after the war. Its area is 4945 hectares. Most of it is covered with forests. In 1979, the reserve received the status biosphere reserve. There are 960 plant species growing on the territory of the reserve, including rare ones listed in the Red Book of Russia. The pearl of the reserve are areas of steppe vegetation surrounded by pine forests located in the south of the reserve. This is a unique “Oka flora”. Here you can see such rare plants for the Moscow region as feather feather grass, fescue, Bieberstein tulip, Russian hazel grouse and other plants steppe zone. 56 species of mammals live here. The most common inhabitants of the Russian Plain are wild boar, elk, badger, marten, weasel, and hares: hare and hare. Rarely does a wolf come in. IN last years there are lynx and otter. Roe deer and beaver have been restored. The bird fauna includes 140 species. Numerous in spring and summer are pied flycatchers, finches, robins, warblers, big tits. There are capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse. And also the black kite, kestrel, hawks - goshawk and sparrowhawk, tawny owl, little owl. Among the insects rare species butterflies Mnemosyne, swallowtail, Apollo, etc. In 1948, the Central Bison Nursery was organized in the reserve, which became the center for the restoration and breeding of bison in Russia. Animals are kept here in conditions close to natural. During the existence of the nursery, more than 600 purebred bison were born, 250 of them were resettled in the forests of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Lithuania. Excursions are organized at the bison nursery.

VI. Consolidation.

Working with Spectra's "Forest Natural Community" magnetic poster and illustrated cards. With the help of cards, children show and talk about what human activities are aimed at benefiting forest community, and which, on the contrary, harm the forest.

U. Why do you think some people do not follow the rules of behavior in the forest?

Work in notebooks "Let's test ourselves." Peer testing in pairs.

• Option I - task No. 1. Supplement the diagram “The importance of forests in nature and people’s lives,” p. 29.
• Option II - task No. 2. Mark those animals that are listed in the Red Book and live in the forest zone, p. 30.

VII. Homework.

VIII. Bottom line.

U. What new did you learn in the lesson? What should a person remember when coming to the forest? (Children's answers). Everyone should think about how our descendants will see the forests, and whether the forest can give them what it gives us now.

Grading.

Materials used.

1. O. Dmitrieva: Lesson developments for the course “The World around us”: 4th grade: K educational method. set of Pleshakov A.A. M.: VAKO, 2006.

3. Website of the Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve http://www.danki.ru /

4. Website "Ecotravel" http://www.ecotravel.ru/regions/reserves/1/2/36/