Scots pine (class coniferous, genus pine) is a widespread tree in Russia that can live from 400 to 600 years. In the old days, legends were made about this tree; Scots pine was considered a tree that protected and showed the way. So what is unusual about this plant?

Scots pine - description of the tree, photos and videos

Scots pine is a tree that in its youth has a cone-shaped crown; later the crown becomes rounded, becomes see-through and rises high above the ground. The gigantic size of the tree, which reaches a height of 30-40m, amazes the imagination.

The shoots of a young plant are greenish, and with age they acquire a yellowish-gray color. Mature trees are distinguished by reddish-yellow bark in the middle of the trunk, which is characterized by peeling off in thin plates.

The lower part has deep cracks in the bark. The resinous pine buds have an ovoid, pointed shape. Since ancient times, healing decoctions have been made from the bark of the tree, and the buds have found use in modern medicine.

The needles are on a short shoot, in a bunch of a couple of pieces. The length of the needles is from four to eight centimeters; to the touch it is smooth, hard and prickly.

Mature cones have an oval-conical shape, measuring about three to five centimeters. Gradually opening, they remain on the tree for a long time. Once opened, the cones take on a spherical shape.

The size of the cones, needles, and growth pattern directly depends on the habitat conditions of the plant. For example, swamp pine is found in the forest-tundra and in the forest zone on peat bogs. The tree has a low trunk (up to 3m), often curved at the base, short needles and small cones.

Another type of pine is chalk pine, found in Kursk region. Dense, short needles form a sparse and low curly crown, which significantly distinguishes chalk pine from Scots pine.

The seeds are oblong-ovoid in shape, have different colors - from light brown to black, with a brown wing 15-20 mm long. Pine wood is shiny, soft, resinous, has yellowish sapwood and a brownish-red core.

Scots pine is an excellent ornamental and building material. The tree's needles are jagged at the edges, the stomatal stripes are bluish below and dark green above. In favorable conditions, pine needles will last about three years, but in urban conditions this period is noticeably shortened.

The evergreen plant tolerates well harsh winters. By the onset of winter, the concentration of essential oils and resin in the needles increases. The end of May and the beginning of June is the time of “blooming” of pine. Light yellow pollen is formed in male cones and flies over vast distances.

Male cones They fall off after pollination. Female cones are located at the ends of young shoots. The covering scales located along the axis of the cones have axils with woody seeds. Two ovules located in the seed scales turn into seeds after pollination and fertilization.

In winter, the cones remain on the branches, and in spring, the fusion of male and female gametes occurs. Cones that have already ripened in the fall remain unopened until the onset of spring. Seeds fall out already in the third year in April-June. Pine reproduces only by seeds.

Pine is widespread in the European part of Russia, in Far East, in Western and Eastern Siberia, as well as in the Mediterranean countries, Central Europe, Scandinavia.

The breed is light-loving and does not grow well in shady conditions; it is not demanding on soil and moisture. Scots pine appeared about 150 million years ago, as evidenced by the amazingly beautiful amber - the fossilized resin of ancient pine trees.

Watch the video - Scots pine showered the Khabarovsk Territory during flowering

osna (lat. Pinus) is an evergreen coniferous tree, shrub or dwarf tree, belongs to the coniferous class, pine order, pine family, pine genus. The lifespan of pine ranges from 100 to 600 years. Today there are single trees whose age is approaching 5 centuries.

It has not yet been established exactly what word formed the basis of the Latin name of the pine Pinus. According to some sources, this is the Celtic pin (rock or mountain), according to others - the Latin picis (resin).

Pine - description and characteristics of the tree.

The pine tree grows very quickly, especially in the first 100 years. The height of a pine trunk varies from 35 meters to 75 meters, and the diameter of the trunk can reach 4 meters. On swampy soils and under unfavorable growing conditions, the height of century-old trees does not exceed 100 cm.

Pine is a light-loving plant. Flowering time occurs at the end of spring, but the process occurs without the appearance of flowers. As a result, Pine cones, which are distinguished by a variety of shapes, sizes and colors.

Male cones of most pine species have an elongated, cylindrical-ellipsoidal shape and up to 15 cm in length. Female pine cones are mainly round, broadly ovoid or slightly flattened, from 4 to 8 cm long. The color of the cones, depending on the species, can be yellow , brown, brick red, purple and almost black.

Pine seeds have a hard shell and are either winged or wingless. Some species of pines (pine pines) have seeds that are edible.

Pine is a tree whose crown has a conical shape, turning into something like a huge umbrella in old age. The structure of the cortex also depends on age. If at the beginning life cycle It is smooth and almost without cracks, but by the age of one hundred it acquires a fair thickness, cracks and acquires a dark gray color.

The appearance of the tree is formed by long shoots that become woody over time, on which needles and needles grow. Pine needles are smooth, hard and sharp, collected in bunches and have a life span of up to 3 years. The shape of pine needles is triangular or sectoral. Their length ranges from 4 to 20 cm. Depending on the number of leaves (needles) in a bunch of pine trees there are:

• two-coniferous (for example, Scots pine, maritime pine),
• three-coniferous (for example, Bunge pine),
• five-coniferous (for example, Siberian pine, Weymouth pine, Japanese white pine).

Depending on the type, the pine trunk can be straight or curved. Shrub varieties of pine have a multi-peaked, creeping crown formed by several trunks.

The shape of the pine crown depends on the species and can be

• round,
• conical,
• pin-shaped
• creeping.

In most species, the crown is located quite high, but in some varieties, for example, the Macedonian pine (lat. Pinus peuce), the crown begins almost at the ground.

The plant is unpretentious to soil quality. The pine root system is plastic and depends on growing conditions. In sufficiently moist soils, the roots of the tree spread parallel to the surface for a distance of up to 10 meters and go down shallowly. In dry soils, the tap root of the tree goes 6-8 m deep. Pine reacts poorly to urban, polluted and gassed air. Moreover, almost all representatives of the genus tolerate low temperatures well.

Where does pine grow?

Basically, pine trees grow in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, the boundaries of growth extend from northern Africa to areas beyond the Arctic Circle, including Russia, European countries, North America, and Asia. Pine forms both pine forests and mixed forests along with spruce and other trees. Currently, thanks to artificial cultivation, this type of pine tree, such as radiata pine, can be found in Australia, New Zealand, Madagascar and even South Africa.

There are 16 wild pine species widespread in Russia, among which the common pine occupies a leading position. Siberian cedar is widespread in Siberia. Korean cedar is often found in the Amur region. Mountain pines grow in the mountainous regions from the Pyrenees to the Caucasus. Crimean pines are found in the mountains of Crimea and the Caucasus.

Types of pine trees, photos and names.

• Scots pine(lat. Pinus sylvestris) grows in Europe and Asia. The tallest pine trees can be found on the southern shore Baltic Sea: some specimens have a height of up to 40-50 m. Other pines grow up to 25-40 m and have a trunk diameter of 0.5 to 1.2 m. Scots pine has a straight trunk with a thick gray-brown bark, cut with deep cracks. The upper part of the trunk and branches are covered with thin flaky orange-red bark. Young pines are distinguished by a cone-shaped crown; with age, the branches take on a horizontal arrangement, and the crown becomes wide and rounded. Scots pine wood is a valuable building material due to its resin content and high strength. Ethanol is produced from pine sawdust, and essential oils and rosin are produced from resin. Scots pine varieties: Alba Picta, Albyns, Aurea, Beuvronensis, Bonna, Candlelight, Chantry Blue, Compressa, Frensham, Glauca, Globosa Viridis, Hillside Creeper, Jeremy, Moseri, Norske Typ, Repanda, Viridid ​​Compacta, Fastigiata, Watereri and others.

• Siberian cedar pine, she's the same Siberian cedar(lat. Pinus sibirica)- the closest relative of Scots pine, and not true cedars, as many mistakenly believe. A tree up to 40 m high (usually up to 20-25 m) is distinguished by thick branches and a dense crown with many tops. The straight, even trunk of the pine tree has a gray-brown color. The needles are soft, long (up to 14 cm), dark green, with a bluish bloom. Siberian cedar begins to bear fruit at about 60 years of age. It produces large, ovoid-shaped cones that grow up to 13 cm in length and 5-8 cm in diameter. At the beginning of growth they are purple in color, when mature they turn brown. The ripening period of the cones is 14-15 months, falling begins in September of the next year. One Siberian pine pine produces up to 12 kg of nuts per season. Siberian cedar is a typical inhabitant of the dark coniferous taiga in Western and Eastern Siberia.

• Swamp pine (long-coniferous) (lat. Pinus palustris)- a massive tree that grows up to 47 m in height and has a trunk diameter of up to 1.2 m. Distinctive features of the species are yellow-green needles, the length of which can reach 45 cm, and exceptional fire resistance of the wood. Longleaf pine is native to southeastern North America, from Virginia and North Carolina to Louisiana and Texas.

• Montezuma pine (white pine)(lat. Pinus montezumae) grows up to 30 m in height and has long (up to 30 cm) grayish-green needles, collected in bunches of 5 pieces. The tree received its name in honor of the last Aztec leader, Montezuma, who decorated his headdress with the needles of this pine tree. White pine grows in western North America and Guatemala. In many countries with temperate climates it is grown as an ornamental plant, as well as for collecting edible nuts.

• dwarf pine, she's the same cedar dwarf(lat. Pinus pumila)- a type of low bush-like trees with widely spread branches, characterized by a variety of crown shapes, which can be tree-like, creeping or cup-shaped. Tree-like specimens grow up to 4-5 m, rarely up to 7 m in height. The branches of creeping pines are pressed to the ground, and their tips are raised by 30-50 cm. The needles of dwarf pine are bluish-green in color, from 4 to 8 cm long. Pine cones are medium-sized, ovoid or elongated. The nuts are small, up to 9 mm in length and 4-6 mm in width. In a good year, up to 2 centners of nuts can be collected from 1 hectare. Elfin cedar is an unpretentious plant, adapted to the harsh northern climate. Widely distributed from Primorye to Kamchatka, in the north of its range it extends beyond the Arctic Circle. Varieties of dwarf pine: Blue Dwarf, Glauca, Globe, Chlorocarpa, Draijer’s Dwarf, Jeddeloh, Jermyns, Nana, Saentis.

• , she's the same Pallas pine(lat. Pinus nigra subsp. Pallasiana, Pinus pallasiana)- tall tree(up to 45 m), with a wide, pyramidal, umbrella-shaped crown in old age. The pine needles are dense, prickly, up to 12 cm long, the cones are shiny, brown, oblong, up to 10 cm long. Crimean pine is listed in the Red Book, but is used as a valuable construction material, in particular for shipbuilding, and also as an ornamental tree for park landscaping and creating a protective forest belt. Crimean pine grows in Crimea (mainly on the southern slopes of Yalta) and in the Caucasus.

• Mountain pine, she's the same European dwarf pine or zherep (lat. Pinus mugo)- a tree-like shrub with a pin-shaped or creeping multi-stemmed crown. The needles are twisted or curved, dark green, up to 4 cm long. Wood with a red-brown core is widely used in carpentry and turning. Young shoots and pine cones are used in the cosmetics industry and medicine. Zherep is a typical representative of the alpine and subalpine climatic zone of Southern and Central Europe. Mountain pine and its varieties are very often used in landscape design. The most famous varieties are Gnome, Pug, Chao-chao, Winter Gold, Mugus, Pumilio, Varella, Carstens and others.

• Whitebark pine, she's the same white trunk pine(lat. Pinus albicaulis) It has smooth light gray bark. The straight or twisting trunk of the pine tree grows up to 21 m in height and looks almost white from a distance. In young trees the crown has the shape of a cone, becoming rounded with age. The needles are curved, short (up to 3-7 cm in length), intense yellow-green color. Male cones are elongated, bright red, female cones are distinguished by a spherical or flattened shape. The edible seeds of white trunk pine are important source food for many animals: American walnut, red squirrel, grizzly and baribal bears. Golden woodpeckers and blue siales often nest in the treetops. White-trunked pines grow in the mountainous regions of the subalpine belt of North America (Cascade Mountains, Rocky Mountains). Popular pine varieties: Duckpass, Falling Rock, Glenn Lake, Mini, Tioga Lake, Nr1 Dwarf.

• Himalayan pine, she's the same Bhutanese pine or Wallich pine(lat. Pinus wallichiana)- a tall, beautiful tree, widely cultivated throughout the world as an ornamental tree. The average height of pine is 30-50 m. Himalayan pine grows in the mountains from Afghanistan to the Chinese province of Yunnan. Varieties of Himalayan pine: Densa Hill, Nana, Glauca, Vernisson, Zebrina.

• (Italian pine) (lat. Pinus pinea)- a very beautiful tree 20-30 meters high with a dark green, compact crown, which with age takes the shape of an umbrella due to outstretched branches. Pine needles are long (up to 15 cm), elegant, dense, with a slight bluish tint. Pine has almost round large cones up to 15 cm long. Pine seeds are 4 times larger than pine nuts; up to 8 tons of nuts are obtained from 1 hectare. The famous pesto sauce is prepared from crushed pine seeds, called pinoli in Italy. Due to its exceptionally beautiful crown shape, pine pine is a valuable ornamental plant, actively used in the art of bonsai. IN natural environment pine grows along the coast Mediterranean Sea, from the Iberian Peninsula to Asia Minor. Cultivated in Crimea and the Caucasus.

• Black pine, she's the same Austrian black pine (lat. Pinus nigra) grows in the northern part of the Mediterranean, less common in certain areas of Morocco and Algeria. The tree, with a height of 20 to 55 meters, prefers to grow in the mountains or on rocks of igneous origin and often grows at an altitude of 1300-1500 meters above sea level. The crown of young trees is pyramidal, becoming umbrella-shaped with age. The needles are long, 9-14 cm, a very dark shade of green; depending on the variety, they can be either shiny or matte. The species is quite decorative and is often used by conifer lovers for landscape plantings. Popular varieties of black pine are Pierik Bregon, Pyramidalis, Austriaca, Bambino.

• , she's the same eastern white pine (lat. Pinus strobus). Under natural conditions, the species grows in the northeast of North America and the southeastern provinces of Canada. Less common in Mexico and Guatemala. A tree with a perfectly straight trunk, reaching a girth of 130-180 cm, can grow up to 67 meters in height. The crown of young pines is cone-shaped, becomes rounded with age, and more often irregular shape. The color of the bark is slightly purple, the needles are straight or slightly curved, 6.5-10 cm long. Weymouth pine is widely used in construction, as well as in forestry due to its numerous varieties. The most popular pine varieties: Аurea, Blue Shag, Вrevifolia, Сontorta, Densa.

• is an ecotype of common pine (lat. Pinus sylvestris). The species is widespread in Siberia, in the area of ​​the Angara River basin, and occupies quite a large areas in forests Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as the Irkutsk region. Angara pine can grow up to 50 m in height, with the trunk girth often reaching 2 meters. The crown of the pines is pyramidal, with a sharp crown; the bark has an amazing ash-silver hue.

Planting and caring for pine trees.

Pine wood is used for landscaping park areas, sanatoriums and personal plots. For this purpose, seedlings aged from 3 to 7 years are used. The best soil for pine is sandy soil. For heavy soils, additional drainage is carried out. A distance of at least 1.5 m should be left between seedlings.

Adult trees do not need additional watering; only young plantings need it. For better survival of seedlings, they are fed with mineral fertilizers for the first 2 years. To avoid freezing, young animals should be covered for the winter. Pruning of adult plants is necessary to form the crown and remove diseased branches.

Draijer's Dwarf dwarf pine

The healing properties of pine were discovered by our distant ancestors: clay tablets 5 thousand years old with recipes for extracts from pine needles were discovered during excavations of ancient Sumerian settlements. Pine needles are rich in phytoncidal volatile substances that disinfect the air, which is why medical institutions and children's camps try to locate them in pine forests.

Pine buds and needles have a truly unique chemical composition, containing a lot of substances beneficial to the human body:

• vitamins C, K, B, PP and E;
• carotene;
• essential oil;
• tannins;
• alkaloids;
• terpenes;
• benzoic acid;
• lignins.

In folk and traditional medicine, there are many recipes for using pine buds and needles to help fight many serious ailments. Here are some of them:

• hypoxia (oxygen deficiency in tissues and organs);
• cardiovascular diseases;
• osteochondrosis;
• neuralgia;
• rheumatism;
• BPH;
• bleeding gums.

The highest concentration of useful substances is contained in 2-3 year old needles and in swollen, but not yet blossomed pine buds.

Pine essential oil is used to treat colds (bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, etc.). In psychotherapy it is used to treat nervous disorders.

Resins and pine tar are used to prepare ointments needed in dermatology.

Contraindications for taking pine-based drugs are chronic renal and liver failure and pregnancy.

Pine wood is a valuable material that has been used by humans for many centuries. It is impossible to do without it in the construction of private houses and garden buildings, and wood is used both as the main and as an external finishing material. Pine wood is used to produce durable, beautiful and inexpensive furniture, parquet and veneer. Pine wood is indispensable in the construction of certain types of bridges and railway tracks, where it is used in the form of manufactured piles and sleepers. Wood wool is produced from pine wood, and pine firewood is considered one of the best in terms of heat energy output.

Pine for the New Year.

Traditionally, in Russian homes it was customary to decorate a Christmas tree on New Year's Day. But with the advent of many nurseries where special decorative varieties pine trees, most Russians strive to buy pine for the New Year.

Such trees look simply luxurious: they are distinguished by a beautiful compact shape with strong branches and long fluffy needles. In addition, pine, compared to Christmas tree, does not crumble much longer and has a refreshing, pleasant, resinous aroma.

• For many nationalities, pine is a symbol of fertility and immortality, and according to one legend, pine is a beautiful nymph bewitched by the jealous god of the winds.
• In the old days, it was believed that a talisman made from a piece of pine wood protected against damage and the evil eye, drove away evil spirits and relieved many diseases.
• Petrified pine resin (resin) is the well-known amber. If an arthropod animal fell into a drop of hardening resin, then amber with an inclusion more than 1 cm in length is classified as a precious stone.
• Thanks to the powerful antiseptic properties in the pine forest, there are only 500 microbes per 1 cubic meter of air, and in the metropolis - 36 thousand!

Pine is perhaps one of the most typical representatives of coniferous plants on our planet. The tree is found in various natural zones from the equator to the Far North. It often forms vast forests (mainly in temperate latitudes). Where do pine trees grow? What are the specifics of their artificial cultivation? How much do scientists allocate? We will answer these and many other questions in this article.

Coniferous trees: general information

Conifers are one of the divisions of the plant kingdom, represented by trees (most often), as well as shrubs and dwarf trees. Grows almost everywhere to the globe, but dominate only in one natural area- taiga. Two main distinctive features of this squad:

• The leaves are usually presented in the form of long thin needles.
• Seeds develop in specific shoots - cones.

Conifers are the oldest group of plants on Earth. Their remains are found in different parts of the planet and date back to 60-300 million years ago. Some of them have already died out without a trace, such as Volciaceae or Cordaite. The features and appearance of these plants can only be judged from the discovered fossil fragments.

Coniferous trees: examples

Typical representatives of the coniferous order:

• sequoia;
• pine;
• cypress;
• larch;
• cedar;
• juniper;
• fir.

Of all the listed plants, spruce, pine and larch are most often found in Russia. Where do these trees grow?

• Spruce is widespread in Europe, Asia and North America, and is widely represented in the vastness of Siberia and the Far East.
• Pine filled with itself temperate latitudes Europe and Asia, it also grows in South-East Asia and North America (from Alaska to Yucatan).
• Larch occupies vast areas in Russia, in particular in its Siberian and Far Eastern parts.

So, we found out where pines, spruces and larches grow. Next, we will dwell in more detail on the botanical description of pine, talk about the distribution and main types of this tree.

Pine tree: botanical description

Pines are a family of conifers represented by more than 130 species. In Latin their name sounds like Pinus. It is believed that this name comes from the Celtic word pin, which translates as “resin”. Pines actually produce quite a large amount of resin, generously enriched with phytoncides.

Pine wood is quite dense and at the same time soft. In terms of strength, it is second only to larch. It has a pleasant color, which darkens (and unevenly) with age of the tree.

Pine shoots are of two types: long and short. The leaves (needles) are thin and elongated (5-9 cm in length), usually collected in bunches of 2-5 pieces. The cones are oblong or ovoid in shape and consist of tightly closed scales. During the period of plant maturity, these scales open, exposing the seeds.

Distribution and main types of pine trees

Where do pine trees grow? In the natural environment, their distribution area is quite wide (see map below). Pine forests are found in different parts Eurasia, from equatorial to subpolar latitudes. In the tropics and near the equator, pine trees are found mainly in the mountains. These trees grow in North America (including the Caribbean islands), as well as in northern Africa (in the Atlas Mountains).

What is the name of the forest where pine trees grow? The popular name for a pine forest is boron. True, sometimes this word also refers to spruce forests. In a pine forest, as a rule, there is no undergrowth, but rowan, juniper and other low shrubs are often found. The pine trees here are often mixed with aspen or birch.

In the Northern Hemisphere, botanists count over a hundred different species of pine trees. About half of them are cultivated. Among the most famous and common types:

• Scots pine.
• Siberian cedar pine.
• Black pine.
• Weymouth pine.
• Mountain (or European) pine.

Pine in culture, literature and folk art

According to ancient Greek legend, the pine tree is the embodiment of the nymph of the dawn Pitis. One day she turned into this tree in order to hide from the evil god of the north wind Boreas.

Pine is quite common in fine arts, in particular, in Russian. Thus, the image of a tree can be seen on the canvases of Ivan Shishkin, Fyodor Vasiliev, Paul Cezanne, and other outstanding artists. Perhaps the most famous painting depicting pine trees can be considered the work of I. I. Shishkin “Morning in a Pine Forest”.

Mention of these trees is often found in the literature. Here, for example, is an excerpt from the fairy tale “ Artel men"classic of Russian and Soviet prose by Konstantin Paustovsky:

“Varya woke up at dawn and listened. The sky turned slightly blue outside the window of the hut. In the yard where the old pine tree grew, someone was sawing: zhik-zhik, zhik-zhik! Apparently they were sawing by experienced people: the saw ran smoothly and didn’t jam.”

A lot has been said about pine trees folk proverbs and a saying. Here are just a few examples:

“Where the pine tree is grown, there it is red!”

“Pine trees seem greener in winter.”

"Getting lost in three pines."

“An apple tree produces apples, and a pine tree produces cones!”

In addition, there are many children's riddles that mention this tree. Here is the most popular of them:

“Where did the old pine tree grow? Where did the red squirrel live? What has she stored for the winter? (Answers: in the forest; in a hollow; nuts).

Where do pine trees grow?

Pine is a truly unique tree. After all, she knows how to adapt to a wide variety of environmental conditions. You can find this tree on the swampy northern plains and on the rocky cliffs of the Crimean peninsula. However, in mountainous areas, pine trees, as a rule, rarely rise above 800 meters.

Where do pine trees grow best? If we talk about the geological aspects of the territory, then this tree successfully settles on both sandy and rocky substrates. Some types of pines have even adapted to pure chalk deposits. However, these trees grow best in well-drained sandy or loamy soils.

Often in places where pine trees grow there is a significant excess of moisture. In this regard, they are also quite unpretentious. Pines adapt well even to swampy conditions. As a rule, they are the first to “develop” those lands that are unsuitable for all other trees, gradually fertilizing them with their own needles.

So, we found out in what natural conditions representatives of the pine family grow. And now it’s worth talking in more detail about some types of pine trees. In particular, about those that can be found on the territory of our country. In addition, it would be useful to find out which pine tree grows where.

Scots pine

Pinus sylvestris is the most common species of the pine family. This is a light-loving and fast-growing tree, reaching a height of 30-50 meters. The crown is through and highly raised, often with a flat top. Bark color: light brown, reddish. The trunk is usually straight with a diameter of 0.5 to 1.2 m. The needles are quite long (up to 6-9 cm), bluish-green, slightly curved.

The distribution area of ​​the tree extends across a fairly wide belt from Central Europe to the Far East. Where does Scots pine grow? It can be found on the shifting sands of Mongolia, in the swamps of Polesie, and in the Caucasus mountains. The tree adapts well to various climatic conditions. However, it feels most comfortable in soils of light mechanical composition.

Scots pine grows quite quickly. Lives 300-600 years.

Siberian cedar

Siberian cedar pine (most often referred to simply as cedar) is a majestic coniferous tree with a dense crown and a powerful trunk. Its branches are located tightly to each other and are covered with soft and long needles (up to 12 cm), which are collected in bunches. The shape of the cones is elongated ovoid, the color is initially purple and later brown. The cones contain seeds (“nuts”), which are eaten and used to produce cedar oil. One cone can hide from 30 to 150 such nuts.

Where does the cedar pine grow? The tree is widespread in the forest belt of Western Siberia (from 48 to 66 degrees northern latitude). Within Eastern Siberia, the upper limit of its range noticeably shifts to the south. Cedar is also found in the forests of Mongolia and northern China, growing on the slopes Altai mountains(up to 2000 meters). On the territory of the Arkhangelsk region there are artificial plantations of Siberian cedar, planted in pre-revolutionary times.

Weymouth pine

A slender and unusually beautiful tree with very high quality wood. The branches extend strictly horizontally from the trunk and are covered with thin, soft and long needles. In the 18th century, eastern white pine (as it is also called) wood was actively used to build ships of the British Navy. Currently widely cultivated in forestry.

The Weymouth pine's natural range is limited to North America. In particular, the tree is common in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. It is also found in Mexico, Guatemala and the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. In the mountains it rises to a height of 1500 meters.

Perhaps, in the entire pine family, the Bunge pine (Pinus Bungeana) boasts the most exotic appearance. It received its name in honor of the Russian botanist Alexander Bunge, who was the first to describe it back in 1831.

The tree stands out for its unusual bark. Initially it has a greenish color. But with age, its scales begin to peel off, and the bark acquires grayish-white shades. The tree rarely exceeds 30 meters in height. The pine needles are hard, dark green, and the cones are resinous and brown.

Bunge pine is native to central and western China. The tree is actively planted in parks and gardens and is used for landscaping city streets and squares.

Economic use of pine

The wood most widely used by humans is Scots pine. It is particularly hard, dense and has high tensile strength. In particular, the following building materials and substances are obtained from it:

• construction logs and beams;
• shipbuilding and deck ridges;
• railway sleepers;
• plywood;
• cellulose;
• rosin;
• tar;
• turpentine, etc.

Pine is also known as a medicinal plant. IN folk medicine Almost all parts of this tree are used - buds, needles, bark, resin, seeds. Thus, pine needles contain a number of vitamins and have an excellent bactericidal effect. Turpentine oil is widely used for arthritis, rheumatism and neuralgia. Pine tar is used to successfully treat skin ailments (for example, psoriasis or eczema).

Features of growth and growing conditions of pine

Pine tolerates severe frosts well and low humidity air. The tree is highly resistant to industrial pollutants. The only thing pine desperately needs is natural sunlight. Therefore, it should be planted in open, unshaded areas. A sandy or sandy loam substrate is best suited for planting. If planted in “heavy” soil (for example, black soil or loam), additional drainage of the site will be required.

Pine seedlings are usually planted at the end of April or at the beginning of September. To do this, dig a meter-long hole and fill it with a mixture of soil, turf and river sand. You can also add a little nitrogen fertilizer (about 35-40 g). The optimal age of the seedling is 3-5 years. When planting in the ground, it is extremely important to ensure that the root collar of the young tree is at ground level.

In the first five years of its life, a pine seedling gains, at best, ten centimeters per year. Thus, a five-year-old tree does not exceed half a meter in height. Subsequently, the annual growth of pine increases to 25-60 cm per year, and after ten years of the tree’s life it reaches 80-100 cm per year. In a thirty-year-old pine tree, growth in height slows down and the process of trunk expansion begins.

• Weymouth pine Radiata.
• Pine Aurea.
• Mountain pine Gnome.

Where can you find pine in Russia?

Pine is one of the main forest-forming species in Russia. There are 16 species found within the country. The most common is Scots pine. In general, pine trees occupy about 15% of the area of ​​all forests in Russia. They often reach a height of 50-70 meters. Where does pine grow in Russia?

Clean pine forests widely represented in Siberia (usually on sandy or rocky soils). To the south of the conventional line Bryansk - Kazan - Ufa, these trees are found extremely rarely and in spots, forming only small forests and groves. However, in the mountains of the Caucasus and Crimea they are widespread.

In addition to Scots pine, Siberian cedar is common in Russia, and within the Amur region, the latter is also distinguished by more elongated cones and seeds.

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​ This type of pine occupies large areas in North America, growing at an altitude of approximately 3500 m above sea level. The low-growing form of lodgepole pine grows in swamps and sand dunes. Thanks to its decorative properties, this type of pine is often found in parks on the Caucasus coast, where it has taken root due to the humid and mild climate.

​ Pine is light-loving, so it develops and grows better in open places. In addition, pine is a drought-resistant plant that does not require additional watering. Dwarf pines are distinguished by good resistance to diseases and pests, but under unfavorable conditions they can suffer from them. If the plant’s needles turn pale and fall off, the top dries out, then perhaps it affected by subcortical bug or scale insects.​

The variety is distinguished by very modest growth; after ten years the height and width of the plant does not exceed 0.5 m. The shape of the crown is a ball. The needles are green with a blue tint. A very unpretentious variety, suitable for growing in containers. In general, the genus of pine trees is characterized by rapid development and growth. The exceptions are those species that have to survive in difficult climatic conditions: high in the mountains, in swamps, on stingy rocky soil, in the North. In these cases, mighty trees degenerate into stunted and dwarf varieties. However, they are of great interest for decorating landscape plantings.​

​It has a multi-stemmed structure and was imported from North America. The light green needles are quite short and twisted, the cones are curved. Grows up to 25 meters in height. Frost-resistant, unpretentious species suitable for any soil. It is grown only in botanical gardens.​ ​Pine wood is widely used in furniture production. It is also used in the construction of ships and carriages. Today port facilities, dams and piers are being built from it. The pine forest was even called the “ship grove” or “mast forest.” And the ships are “floating pine trees.” Pine resin was intensively used by shipbuilders to treat ropes, ships and boats. All this says about high performance pine wood.​

Pine is a coniferous tree that prepares itself for the winter in its own way. After all, evaporation at “minus” temperatures is detrimental to the plant, while at the same time the needles remain on the branches. The plant copes with this quite simply: with the onset of cold weather, a thin layer of wax is placed on the needles, the stomata close, and therefore breathing stops.​ ​Botanical name:​

​Almost all types of pine do not need additional watering; it is an exceptionally drought-resistant plant, and fallen needles under the tree help retain moisture. The exception is the Rumelian pine. This is a moisture-loving tree; it must be watered 2-3 times per season (about 15-20 liters per plant). Durable and light yellowish wood of this type is used in construction.

​ Grows in the mountains in southeastern Europe. Whitebark pine is not demanding on growing conditions and is resistant to dust and smoke, which is why it is widespread in many countries, as well as in Russia. The tree is about 8-10 m high, with a crown diameter of 7 m. The cones are ovoid, brown-black. Young specimens of pine and decorative forms with delicate needles can suffer from winter frosts, as well as spring needle burns, so in the fall they need to be covered with spruce branches, which must be removed in April. Mature pines are quite winter-hardy.

Description of Scots pine

Spring treatment with Akarin and Actellik is effective against these pests.

​Among the dwarf forms of mountain pine there are varieties with needles that change color depending on the season, such as “Winter Gold”. All summer the needles are bright green, and by winter all the needles become golden yellow. The height of the "Winter Gold" pine does not exceed 0.5 m - 0.8 m, the crown is up to one meter in diameter.​

​In many gardens, coniferous trees have a lot of space; they are convenient to use in landscape design, because they are quite decorative in any season.​

Coniferous plant pine

​This species is common in the Balkans and southern Italy. It is characterized by spectacular long needles of soft green color. Like many other types of pine trees, photos of which are presented in the material, it is very unpretentious, moreover, it easily tolerates urban conditions. Weakness - not winter-hardy enough for the middle zone, so it is ideal for the southern regions.​

However, pine plantings are also used for other purposes. So, a kind of pine root system helps prevent soil erosion, ensures an optimal level of humidity, and protects cliffs and ravines from crumbling.​

Characteristics of Scots pine

Scots pine forms a number of forms that differ in the structure of the crown, color and shape of the cones. There are varieties with weeping and pyramidal crowns. The color of the needles on young shoots can be golden, whitish or silver. The bark can be scaly or lamellar.​

​Scots pine (Pinus silvestris)​

Newly planted seedlings will also need additional autumn watering (after the end of leaf fall). Wet soil freezes less, so the risk of needles burning in the spring (and this is possible, the crown of pine trees wakes up early, and because of the frozen soil, the roots of the plant do not provide enough moisture) will be much less.

​ In nature, black pine grows in Central and Southern Europe, and in the west Balkan Peninsula. The height of the tree is from 20-40 meters, in youth the crown is pyramidal, in maturity it is umbrella-shaped. The needles are long, dark green, the cones are yellow-brown.

The tree looks impressive in group and single plantings and is suitable for small areas due to its slow growth. Lives about 300-350 years.​

​ A large number of pine species are undemanding to soil, but prefer to grow on sandy loam or sandy soils. If there is a lot of sand in the soil, then you need to add clay.​

What is different about pine wood?

​Preventive spraying of plants with Bordeaux mixture will help to avoid many diseases of coniferous trees.​

All dwarf pines are quite unpretentious and can decorate any garden, but you still need to follow some rules when planting them.

When there are no leaves or flowers on deciduous bushes and trees, conifers delight the eye with green, gray or blue needles. Among spruces, junipers, yews, pine takes its rightful place.​

Mountain pine is also very attractive. Pine species are scattered throughout the Northern Hemisphere. This species grows in the mountains of Central and Southern Europe. It is a large branched tree or prostrate dwarf tree. Of particular interest for landscape design are a variety of compact ornamental trees from which they create beautiful compositions along the banks of reservoirs, in rocky gardens, etc. The maximum height is 10 meters, and the minimum is 40 centimeters.​

Range of Scots pine

​As decorative culture used extremely rarely. More often used in landscaping country estates, health centers, and sanatoriums. Planted in mixed plantings, singly, in masses or in groups. They can be used in landscaping forest parks and gardening areas, for lining country roads, especially on poor sandy soil. In cultivation it grows in groups or singly in large parks, gardens and squares. The decorative effect of the young planting is insignificant. Trees become highly decorative by the age of one hundred, when the trunk in its upper part begins to be covered with thin bark orange color, which gives elegance and attractiveness to the tree. The aesthetic characteristics of individual pines increase as the stand thins out. Old pines are especially unique, attracting glances from afar. In conditions of absence of air pollution, Scots pine has high sanitary and hygienic characteristics.​

The pine plant has a wide range, which extends to different, from an ecological point of view, areas, so the species is characterized by a large number of ecotypes. Today, ecologists have identified more than 30 such ecotypes. For example, Angara pine, growing in the river basin. Angara is an ecotype of Scots pine. The study and observation of Scots pine seedlings of different origins grown in the same conditions shows the difference in the plants’ abilities to drought and cold resistance, growth, and disease resistance. Also these plants may differ morphological characteristics, such as: crown shape, needle length, trunk structure, etc. However, all these characteristics are prone to change and are not used to distinguish the species.​

Scots pine: application

​Motherland:​

​Feeding​

​Black pine wood has a high resin content; it is elastic, durable and hard. Often used to create underwater structures and in shipbuilding.​

Weymouth pine grows in northeastern North America. In those places its height reaches about 30-40 m, but in our latitudes you can only count on 15, maximum 20 m. It lives for about 300 years. The crown of the Weymouth pine is pyramidal, the branches are horizontal, the needles are soft, blue-green, 10 cm long.

The soil for planting pine trees should be in the following proportions - turf soil, clay or sand (2:1). If the soils are heavy, drainage is required, which is suitable for gravel or sand, in a layer about 20 cm thick.​

​If desired, dwarf pines can be grown not only in open ground, containers, but also as bonsai. All that remains is to purchase the right plant and provide it with comfortable conditions for growth.​

Photo gallery: Scots pine (click on the image to enlarge):

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Types of pine and varieties. Types of pine cones

Most pines are lovers of sunlight and dwarf forms are no exception. A well-lit part of the garden is suitable for planting them. Given their short stature, dwarf pines are not afraid of strong winds and tolerate sea air well.​

​You can find a young pine tree in the forest and transplant it into the garden, however, you cannot predict how it will grow.​

General description of the pine genus

​One of the winter-hardy species grown in middle lane Russia is the so-called Japanese red pine. The main condition for its good growth is that the soil does not freeze for too long. The needles are long and crowded at the end of the branch; when dusting, the tree emits a scent. Does not accept urban conditions, grows on poor sandy soils.​

​More than a hundred names of trees that make up the pine genus are distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. In addition, some types of pine can be found in the mountains a little to the south and even in the tropical zone. These are evergreen monoecious coniferous trees with needle-like leaves.​

​Growing in unfavorable conditions, for example in a swamp, Scots pine can remain a dwarf. Moreover, even hundred-year-old specimens may not exceed 1 m in height. Pine is a light-loving plant, frost- and heat-resistant. Of all the tree species growing on sandy soils, Scots pine is the most resistant to lack of moisture. In such conditions, the roots are able to penetrate the soil to a depth of 6 m. Therefore, even in drought conditions they can supply the tree with water. This ability of plants determined the different root systems of different populations. In arid areas, the tree develops a tap root well, and in conditions of close groundwater, the root system is formed mainly by lateral roots, branching in all directions.​

Scots pine

​Siberia, Ural, Europe​

Feeding is necessary for young seedlings in the first two years after planting. To do this, mineral fertilizers (approximately 40 g/sq. m) are applied to the tree’s under-trunk circle at least once a year. In the future, for normal development, the pine tree will have enough organic fertilizers accumulated in the coniferous litter underneath.

​According to one ancient Greek legend, pine trees originated from the nymph of the morning dawn - Pitis, who turned into a pine tree to hide from the claims of the god of the north wind Boreas. Well, her descendants were clearly a great success. Like other coniferous trees, pine secretes phytoncides that have a beneficial effect on nervous system, respiratory tract, and also purify the surrounding air from harmful bacteria and fungi. And the enchanting aroma and bewitching energy of pine trees simply cannot be described.

Siberian cedar pine

The cones of this pine are long, light brown-yellow. Having a vast habitat, this pine practically does not form pure stands; it grows together with maples, oaks and hemlock.​

Cedar pine

Pine can be propagated by seeds: they need to be sown in the spring. You should know that pine seeds ripen only 2 years after pollination. Ornamental species are propagated by grafting. It is usually not possible to propagate pine trees by cuttings.​

Weymouth Pine

​Useful video about pine:​

The next requirements are the composition, density and acidity of the soil on the site. In terms of density, loamy and sandy loam soils are preferred; if the soil on the site is heavy, then when planting you will need to pour a drainage layer into the planting hole.​

Weymouth mountain pine

Perhaps in a few years, in a small area, a tall tree will be completely out of place, with a bare trunk and an asymmetrical crown at the top. Dwarf pine will help you avoid such surprises.​

Pallas pine (Crimean pine)

​Japanese species of ornamental pines are represented by small-flowered (white) pine, which received its second name for the spectacular white or bluish stripes on the needles, clearly expressed due to the twisting. Not winter-hardy, only a low-growing dwarf variety grows in central Russia. Since the tree loves warmth and good lighting, the climate of the Black Sea coast is perfect for it.​

Armand pine

​The division is mainly based on the territorial affiliation of the area, although many species of pine plants are artificially bred and, as a rule, are named after the breeder.​

Banks Pine

​The average lifespan of pine trees is about 200 years. Individual specimens, under favorable conditions, live up to 400 years.​

Geldreich's pine

​Lighting:​

Mountain pine

​Shelter for the winter​

Pine densely flowered

Pines are winter-hardy plants and tolerate low air humidity well. Most types of wood are resistant to environmental pollution(unfortunately, Scots pine cannot boast of this). Unlike other conifers, pine grows best in constantly illuminated areas; it is an extremely light-loving plant.​

Small-flowered pine, or white pine

​ On the southern slopes of Annapurna, in the Himalayas, at altitudes of about 1800-3760 m above sea level, graceful trees grow, about 50 m high, with a pyramidal crown and green-gray short needles, collected in bunches of 5 pieces.​

yellow pine

The most common pine disease is seryanka (blister rust, tar cancer) - caused by a rust fungus. An orange coating similar to pollen appears on the tips of the needles. Control measures: removal of infected trees, destruction intermediate hosts(gooseberries and currants).​

European cedar pine

​Pine belongs to the genus of coniferous evergreen trees, the Pinaceae family, which are characterized by needle-shaped needles growing in bunches of 2-5 pieces each and lignified female cones that ripen over two growing seasons.​

Korean cedar pine

​Strongly acidic and strongly alkaline soils are not suitable for pine; the optimal reaction is neutral, and for black pine and Weymouth it is slightly alkaline. If the soils are acidic, then adding chalk or lime will solve this problem.​

Montezuma pine

​Many varieties of pine trees in wildlife reach enormous sizes up to 50-80 m in height with a crown span of up to 12 meters, while dwarf forms sometimes grow from 0.5 m to 2 m.​

A luxurious species with a narrow, pyramidal, openwork crown grows naturally in North America. It has long needles and beautiful thick bark. Takes root in southern regions and central Russia, but freezes slightly in especially cold winters. The height of the tree reaches 10 meters. Prefers places protected from winds, so it is best to plant in groups. Ponderosa pine is not susceptible to harmful urban conditions.​

Bristlecone pine

The appearance of pine trees can be different: most often they are trees, and sometimes creeping shrubs. The shape of the crown changes with age from pyramidal to spherical or umbrella-shaped. This is explained by the dying off of the lower branches and the rapid expansion of branches in breadth.​

Rumelian pine

​They grow quickly, with a particularly significant increase from one year to 100 years - 50-70 cm. According to this indicator, this representative of conifers is second only to larch. It begins to bear fruit at the age of 15. In conditions of dense planting - from 40 years. Abundant harvests can usually be repeated after 4-7 years.​

Lodgepole pine (broad coniferous)

​photophilous​

Thunberg Pine

​Mature trees are winter-hardy, but it is advisable to cover young pines (and some ornamental species) for the winter to avoid sunburn. Spruce branches are used for this purpose. They cover the crowns of seedlings at the end of autumn and do not remove it until mid-August. Alternatively, you can use rare burlap or special covers. It is impossible to wrap trees with thick material or polyethylene - such “protection” will lead to damping off of the seedlings.​

Himalayan pine (Wallich or Wallich)

​For planting, it is best to choose sandy and sandy loam soil, but if you plant the plant on heavy soils (such as loams and clay), you will need additional drainage of the site. Expanded clay, sand and fragments of broken brick are suitable for this purpose. It is desirable that the drainage layer in the planting hole be at least 20 cm. For black and Weymouth pine, alkaline or acid-neutral soil is required. You can get rid of excess acidity using lime - just add about 300 g of lime to the planting hole, and then mix it with the soil.​

Black pine

​Himalayan pine is very decorative thanks to its wonderful, long hanging cones.​

What types of pine cones are there?

​Before preparing a planting hole for a dwarf pine seedling, the area must be cleared of weeds and dug up.​

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Dwarf pine in garden design: types, planting, care

Almost all types of pines have miniature and dwarf varieties and shapes, this applies to:

The European species of cedar pine is similar to its Siberian “relative”. The difference lies in its smaller size, denser spreading crown and long thin needles. In addition, the cones and seeds of the tree are not so large. Grows slower, but lives longer. It will look perfect in single and group garden plantings.​

The shoots on which the needles are collected can be normal, shortened or elongated. The needles, collected in bunches, are flat or triangular, narrow and long, do not fall off for 3-6 years. There are small scales around the base. The fruits are cones, inside which seeds develop (with or without wings).​

​Grows well on sandy loam and sandy soils. It is extremely rare in the southern steppe regions. Therefore in Lately Scots pine is often planted in shelterbelts along the slopes of ravines, on sand, and in steppe ravines.​

Dwarf and low-growing pines for the garden

​Soil:​

​The variety of pine species and their varieties used for decorative purposes is very extensive. We don’t have the opportunity to describe everything, so we will try to show you the most interesting and attractive types of this tree.​

• For planting, it is best to choose seedlings between 3 and 5 years old. We would not recommend grabbing a shovel and running to dig up any pine tree that catches your eye in the nearest forest - with such transplants, the plants very rarely take root and usually die the next year after planting. It is better to buy a ready-made seedling in specialized nurseries. There are several advantages to such a purchase: in addition to the seedling itself, you will be able to get additional advice on planting and caring for it, and you will leave the tree that was not dug up in the forest alive :)​
• ​Mountain pine can be a tree about 10 m high or a multi-stemmed bush. Its habitat is Southern and Central Europe.​
• The main pests of pine are butterflies and some types of aphids. Butterflies and their caterpillars feed on buds and needles and gnaw at shoots. To combat butterflies, trees are sprayed with the biological product "Lepidocid".​
• ​Pine​
• ​The size of the hole depends on the size of the root system, on average it is 60 - 80 cm in depth and the same in diameter.​

​Scots pine​

​A rather rare ornamental species growing in the Far East, East Asia, Korea, and Japan. The beauty of this coniferous tree can be compared with the Siberian cedar pine, although the crown of the “Korean” is less dense, covered with bluish-green needles and decorated with decorative cones. The nut seeds are also edible. The crop tolerates frosts in central Russia relatively well and grows as a short tree, although in the wild its height can reach 40-50 meters.​

​In general, various types of pine are not too demanding, drought-resistant, frost-resistant and do not require fertile soil. Plants prefer dry sandy and rocky soils, although the exceptions in this regard are Weymouth, Wallich, resin and cedar pine, which readily grow with moderate moisture. Limestone soil is suitable for mountain pine. Now let’s take a closer look at some varieties of this culture.​

​Very often you can find information that pine is a dioecious plant. This is a mistake, in fact, it is a monoecious plant, that is, with a predominance of flowers of either male or female. Thus, one tree contains predominantly female flowers, while the other tree contains predominantly male inflorescences. Female flowers are located at the ends of the shoots and have the shape of a small bump. And the male ones are located near the base of the shoot. It is believed that the predominance of inflorescences of a certain sex is a hereditary factor. But it turns out that depending on the conditions in which the tree grows, its “sex” can change.​

​sandy, sandy loam

​Such pine seedlings are planted in late April or early autumn. Before planting, it is necessary to prepare a hole up to 1 m deep. A mixture consisting of turf soil, topsoil, river sand or clay (in a ratio of 2:2:1) is added to the planting hole. We also add a little nitrogen fertilizer, about 30-40 g.

Turning and carpentry products are made from the wood of this pine, and its resin is used in cosmetics and medicine. In Crimea it is used to strengthen slopes with poor soil.​

Some pine diseases are caused by aphids. You can fight it by treating it with carbophos or insecticides (pine moth, common pine scale insect, pine cutworm).​

​lives on average about 350 years, growing in height from 35-75 m, but there are also long-livers. For example, bristlecone pine, growing in the United States, lives for about 6,000 years and is the longest-lived tree species throughout the world.​

How to plant a dwarf pine

​If the soil is clayey, then to eliminate moisture stagnation you need to pour a 20 cm layer of expanded clay or other drainage material at the bottom of the planting hole.​

​cedar pine​

​The owner of very long needles, in natural conditions it is found in the west of North America and Guatemala.​

This is perhaps the most widespread coniferous tree in Eurasia, which can be called a symbol of the Russian forest. The Scots pine species is light-loving and thrives in both harsh northern climates and steppe heat. It can hardly tolerate urban conditions, but is the main crop for creating forests on sandy soil. In landscape design, common pine is in demand for its variety of decorative forms and rapid growth.​

Scots pine blooms at the end of May, when the air temperature is already high. Pollination occurs due to the wind. Fertilization itself will occur only next year. During the pollination period, a yellow coating can be seen on the trees. This is pine pollen. By and large, the pine plant is characterized by good pollination. This is possible due to the air sacs that pine pollen has, through which it is carried by the wind over long distances. The timing of pollination varies depending on the weather. In clear sunny weather, pollen can disperse in 3-4 days. In the rain this process is delayed.​

​Maximum height:​

​The most common type of tree, unpretentious to soil fertility. This pine grows quickly and loves well-lit places. Winter-hardy. The biggest disadvantage is that Scots pine is sensitive to air pollution.​

​When planting a seedling in a prepared hole, it is necessary that the root neck of the tree is at ground level. If you are planting not one, but several trees, you need to leave as much space as possible for them: trees of low-growing species are planted at a distance of 1.5 m from each other, it is advisable to maintain at least a 4-meter interval between large trees.

​Mountain pine is very popular as a decorative species that decorates personal plots and gardens and is often used to create low-growing groups.​

​Use of pine in landscape design​

In addition, pine is distinguished by its powerful root system with a vertical taproot extending deep down, as well as peeling bark. Thanks to this structure of pine roots, it can be called a pioneer of forests, since it can grow in a variety of places: on sand, on rocks, over ravines, in forests. Some types of pine trees are not afraid of drought, snow, frost, or winds.​

Dwarf pine in the garden: care

​Pour a layer of forest soil on top. Organic fertilizers should not be applied; pine trees do not really like organic matter. But mineral fertilizers will be needed, universal Kemira or any nitrogen fertilizers will do.​

​mountain pine​

The tree grows up to 30 meters tall and has a spreading spherical crown. Huge conical cones can reach a length of 25 cm. It prefers a warm and humid climate, so it takes root well in the Crimea. Not susceptible to diseases and pests.​

The tree can grow up to 40 meters. The bark is cracked, red-brown, in a young plant it is thin, slightly orange. The needles are bluish-colored, double, hard, smooth or curved, 4-6 centimeters long. Maximum age tree under favorable conditions - 400-600 years.​

​The wood of ordinary pine is dense, sound, containing a lot of tree resin. Young plantings are characterized by straight-grained wood, which over the years turns into cross-grained wood. The density of wood and its mechanical properties, which are important in construction, depend on a number of factors, in particular: soil moisture. Thus, pine growing on dry soil has denser and more damage-resistant wood. Conversely, a plant that grew in well-moistened soil has wood with low mechanical characteristics.​

Pine propagation

​ Grows at altitudes from 900 to 1700 and above sea level, forming small pure stands mixed with larch and spruce. This type of pine is especially valued for its delicious seeds - pine nuts; they are very nutritious and healthy because they contain up to 50% oil, protein and starch.​

​Pine is traditionally used in garden design. Recommended for group and single plantings and alpine slides. Some decorative forms of pine can be used for borders and free-growing hedges.​

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Pine: care, types and varieties, photos.

​But pine is sensitive to air pollution by gases and dust, which limits its use in urban landscaping. As a rule, pine is common in the temperate and cold climates of the northern hemisphere, where it forms forests on rocky slopes and on well-drained soils.​

​Dwarf pines can be planted in the spring, after the soil has completely thawed, and in the fall, from about mid-September to mid-October. In summer and late autumn, it is better not to plant seedlings with an open root system, since the roots of conifers are sensitive to drying out.​ ​Weymouth pines​​Many ornamental pine species, including bristlecone, grow and bear fruit well in central Russia. This North American species is quite rare and is a small tree or bush with raised branches that form a lush, spreading crown. The needles are thick, and the cones have long spines. All varieties are unpretentious and winter-hardy.

There are many artificially bred short and dwarf varieties of Scots pine. Under natural conditions on the territory of its range, it is found in the most different forms and easily crosses with species such as black and mountain pines. Depending on the area of ​​growth, about 30 ecological forms - ecotypes - are also distinguished.

This representative of conifers reproduces well by seeds. This requires good soil and plenty of sun. It is best to replant seedlings at the age of 3-7 years.​

​Average life expectancy:​

The tree grows up to 40 m high, the crown is narrow pyramidal and dense. The bark is initially smooth, gray-brown in color, but as it grows it becomes scaly and rough. The needles are dense, the needles are dark green.

​Usually, pine seedlings are obtained by propagation by seeds. Other methods, such as propagation by cuttings or grafting, are not effective enough.​

Cedar pine wood is used as a material for carpentry and construction work, as well as for the production of pencils. However, cedar pine is listed in the Red Book, so it economic use limited.​

​ This pine is native to North America. It is a small bushy tree, no more than 15 m high. The oldest of all specimens of this species is pine, growing in the mountains of Arizona. She is more than 1500 years old. But in general, the lifespan of a pine depends on the place of growth.

​In total there are approximately 100 species of pine in the forests temperate zone and more than 20 species - in the tropical and subtropical zones. Some types of pine are valued for their variety of shapes and the beautiful shape of the crown, while others are valued for the beautiful cones and color of the needles.​​ It is important to purchase high-quality planting material from trusted garden centers and nurseries so that the miniature pine does not turn into a multi-meter giant.​ ​radiata pine​

Features of pine care

A variety of Balkan pine has a low pyramidal crown, dense green needles 5-10 centimeters long and cylindrical hanging cones on legs. Young shoots are bare. The bark is brown, exfoliating. Rumelian pine grows quickly and has no special requirements for lighting and soil. Used in the decoration of parks.​

​Other types of pine trees are also popular. In Russia, one of the most valuable forest tree species is the Siberian cedar pine - a powerful tree with a rich multi-peaked ovoid crown. The needles are short (6-13 cm), rough. Frost-resistant, grows near the permafrost zone, in the taiga zone. The seeds of the large cones are edible and rich in fatty oils. It reaches a height of 3 meters.​

​Pine reacts poorly to polluted city air, although it grows there quite often. Over 2 years of living in the city, the resinous surface of the needles becomes covered with dust and soot, which interferes with the photosynthesis of the plant.​

​200 years​

Pine propagation

Pine diseases and pests

Pine propagation by seeds

This type of pine forms pure stands and can grow together with birch, spruce, aspen, and oak. The height of the tree is from 20 to 40 m, the crown is cone-shaped when young, and umbrella-shaped when mature.

​The culture is very beautiful view pine trees, however, dead needles remain on the tree for a long time, thereby damaging its appearance, so it is recommended to remove them manually. Tree about 15 m high. Blooms in early spring. Anther cones are numerous, yellow or reddish. Aristata pine looks great as a bonsai or rock garden.​

​The most popular in ornamental gardening are Siberian pine, Weymouth pine, Rumelian pine, Banks pine and dwarf pine from the Alps; it forms low bushes.​

​When planting, carefully place the seedling in the hole, trying to preserve the earthen ball as much as possible and not damage the root system.​

​Dwarf pines differ from their tall relatives not only in size, but also in the shape of the crown and the color of the needles.​

Aristata pine (Bristol)

​Grows in North America and, due to its good winter hardiness, is bred in central Russia. The culture extends over large areas along the coast Pacific Ocean. The name is given for the paired twisted needles. It can be a shrub or a tall (up to 50 meters) tree, the lower branches of which are drooping, and the upper ones are either spreading or directed upward. The culture grows quite slowly, but it is unpretentious to living conditions not only in nature, but even in the city.​

​Distributed in Western Siberia and the Far East. The cedar dwarf pine has a bush-like shape, grows densely and has the ability to take root with branches lowered to the ground. It is an ornamental variety due to its beautiful bluish-green needles, bright red male spikelets and spectacular red-violet cones.​

Armandi pine

​Fast-growing coniferous plants, including Scots pine, without pruning, outstrip surrounding trees and successfully dominate their growth. Pruning of conifers is performed to form and maintain the structure of the tree and increase its lifespan. Proper pruning reduces the likelihood of defects and structural deviations of the tree. In addition, the formed crown prevents the pine from falling as a result of the negative effects of weather conditions. Broken, dried out or diseased branches are removed immediately, which prevents the spread of fungal diseases. The living branch may also be removed. This happens in exceptional cases and is necessary to ensure sunlight and air circulation inside the crown.​

Banks Pine

​Reproduction:​

​A small creeping plant, the branches are widely scattered. Tree crowns can differ in appearance - there are creeping, tree-like and cup-shaped. With a tree-like crown, dwarf dwarf grows up to 5-7 m in height.​

If you want to go all the way from A to Z when planting, you can try growing pine from seeds. You can plant pine seeds in open ground or in specially prepared boxes. Better, of course, is the second option: seeds planted in open ground can be destroyed by rodents.​

White pine (Japanese)

​The color of the needles is bluish-green, the cones are ovoid, reddish-brown, single, their length is about 3-6 cm. Scots pine grows quickly.​

Armandi pine differs from representatives of other species by its beautiful resinous yellow-brown cones, which look impressive against the background of narrow and long blue-green needles. It grows in China and is valued not only for its decorative appearance, as well as for durable, soft wood, which is used in the furniture industry and is used to make sleepers. In addition, turpentine is obtained from the resin of this pine - a raw material for the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Tree up to 18 m high. Lives for more than 500 years.​

​In the mountains of the northern part of the Black Sea coast and Crimea, Crimean pine (Pinus Pallasiana) or Pallasa is often found - a tree about 30 m high, which looks very decorative thanks to its long green needles.​

Whitebark pine

​Cover the hole with soil and compact it slightly. It is important that the root collar is slightly above ground level. Immediately after this, the tree must be watered abundantly. After planting and in subsequent years of life, dwarf pines, like all garden plants, need regular care.​

It is worth saying that the main difference between dwarf pines and tall species is the minimum annual growth, which on average does not exceed five cm, while the growth of ordinary-sized pines reaches forty to fifty cm per year.

Weymouth Pine

​A rare decorative species from Japan, also called black pine. The main habitat is high mountain forests, about 1000 meters above sea level. This evergreen tree grows up to 40 meters in height. The crown is usually irregular in shape, light green in color, with long, stiff needles (8-14 cm x 2 mm). The bark is black and the young shoots are orange and glabrous. The cones of the Thunberg pine are almost flat, and the gray seeds have wings. A heat-loving and moisture-loving crop that grows well in our country in Sochi.​

​Very beautiful and tall pine.​

Himalayan pine (Wallihiana)

This type of conifer is widespread in Siberia and Europe. It forms pine forests on sandy or sandy loam soil, can be found on peaty and very rarely on clay soil. It is a widespread tree in Eurasia. It can be found from Spain and Great Britain east to the river. Aldan and R. Amur in Siberia. In the north, the tree grows as far as Lapland, and in the south it is found in China and Mongolia. It forms both pure stands and together with other conifers, oak, birch and aspen. The plant is undemanding to soil and ground conditions and very often grows in areas unsuitable for other species: sand, swamps.​

​seeds, grafting​

Mountain pine

​Additional stratification is not needed for pine seeds. Although you can speed up seed germination by changing the ambient temperature. Like most other plants, pine seeds will germinate faster during sudden warming. It’s easy to create an artificial temperature contrast for seeds: to do this, before planting, just put them in the freezer for a short time, and then rinse them in warm water.​

​Its wood is used in construction and in some industries; is the main source of lumber. Its resin is used as raw material for the chemical industry; pine needles are used to produce vitamin flour.​

European cedar pine

​ This pine grows from Bear Lake in Canada to Vermont in the USA. Banks pine grows in sandy soils of hills and plains. The tree is about 25 m high and the trunk is 50-80 cm in diameter. The cones are curved and oblique, sessile, conical, about 5 cm, kept on the tree, closed for several years.​

In Russia, the widest range is occupied by Scots pine. The most valuable pine species are: yellow pine, resinous pine, Weymouth pine.​

Scots pine

​In the first two years, the plant needs regular watering and mineral fertilizers to the tree trunk zone. You shouldn’t overuse organic fertilizers; fallen pine needles will suffice.​

The unpretentious Weymouth pine has many dwarf varieties. One of the smallest varieties can be considered the Minima variety. The dwarf pine "Minima" grows in the form of a miniature bush, reaching a height of just over half a meter; as it matures, the crown acquires a cushion shape with a diameter of up to 1.5 m.​

​Luxurious long-leaf pine came from the Himalayas and Tibetan mountains. It grows quickly, does not tolerate frosts too well, and is moisture-loving. The ideal place for our crop is Crimea, where it bears fruit well. The tree in nature reaches a height of 30-50 meters. Beautiful 18 cm gray-green needles hang down. Decorative yellow cones are also long - about 32 centimeters. The species is cultivated for group landscape plantings.​

Rumelian pine or Balkan

​Varieties and species of North American coniferous trees are of great economic importance. Weymouth pine is distinguished by thin, soft and long needles of a bluish-green color. The cones have a curved, elongated shape. It withstands severe frosts well, but despite its unpretentiousness, it is not suitable for city landscaping.​

The Siberian range covers an area of ​​about 5.7 million km2. The largest pine forests are concentrated in the river basin. Hangars, in the upper reaches of the Irtysh, Ob, Podkamennaya Tunguska. In the northern part of the range, the distribution of pine rises to a level of 1000 m above sea level, and in the south - up to 1500 m above sea level.​

Thunberg Pine

​Synonym –​

​Like Scots pine, this species is winter-hardy and drought-resistant. It is also undemanding in terms of soil composition; mountain pine is not damaged by diseases and pests. Frosts and snowfalls are also not scary for her. It goes well when planted with birch, larches, Balkan pine and spruce trees. A large number of decorative varieties have been bred.

lodgepole pine

The boxes in which you want to plant the seeds can be made of any material; they must have holes to drain excess moisture. The soil in the box itself should be loose, sprinkled with peat on top. Peat is necessary for the prevention of fungal diseases to which young pine seedlings are susceptible. We sow the seeds shallowly; it would be better to simply pour them onto the prepared soil and then loosen it. The interval between sown seeds should be at least 5 mm: if this is not done, the sprouted seedlings will lift the ground, and the tender roots of the seedlings will dry out.​

​ Grows in the mountains of the Balkan Peninsula. Creates forests at an altitude of about 750-2300 m, pure or with white fir, Scots pine and Norway spruce.​

Black pine (Austrian)

The wood of this type of pine is hard and heavy. It is used in construction, and sulphate pulp is made from it.​

​ Some species of pine trees are endangered and are listed in the Red Book. For example, chalk pine, Pitsunda pine, funerary pine and others.​

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Pines are descendants of Pitis. Pine planting, cultivation and care

​You should prevent weeds from growing under the tree and remove them regularly. Adult plants are not afraid of frost, but young trees are best protected from direct sunlight in winter.​

Planting a pine tree

​The bright green needles are very thick, the needles are hard, and at the end of summer they acquire a blue tint.​

​Many decorative pine species are classified as wild, including black pine, which came to us from the mountainous regions of Central Europe. This breed very resistant to urban conditions. It got its name for its very dark bark and dense green, abundantly growing needles. This creates shady areas, unlike Scots pine. In Russia it is more suitable for the steppe part North Caucasus, although low-growing decorative forms can be grown further north.​

​Some well-known types of pine grow in Crimea, for example, mountain Weymutova. This is a very beautiful North American variety, which differs from the previous one in its shortened blue-green needles and large, somewhat curved cones. The height of an adult tree is about 30 meters, the crown is narrow, and characteristic red pubescence on young shoots. This is a heat-loving tree, although it does not tolerate drought with difficulty. It grows mainly in those mountainous areas that are protected from sea winds.​

The branches and trunk of the pine tree are permeated with resin passages, which are filled with resin, usually called “resin”. "Zhivitsa" has great importance for the plant: heals inflicted wounds, repels pests. Such resin is obtained by tapping. It is used to produce rosin and turpentine. The main thing is that you can get it not only from a living tree, but also from a pine stump. The air in the pine forest (“resinous”) is rich in ozone and does not contain microbes. Pine forests have long been famous for their beneficial properties for humans.​

pine forest

​Finally, it is worth noting that lately pine has been in demand not only for the New Year holidays :) More and more summer residents are planting pine trees on their country plot, enjoying their beauty and aroma. Maybe you should get yourself a couple? :)​

​After a year, the seedlings can be transplanted to a permanent place, best time for transplantation it is April or May.

Shade-tolerant and fast-growing, undemanding to soil. The height of the tree is about 20 meters. The crown of the Balkan pine is cone-shaped, sometimes growing straight from the ground. Balkan pine needles are long, dense, grayish-green, the cones are light brown, elongated.​

The fragrant Banks pine resin that appears on the shoots makes this pine especially desirable in plantings near sanatoriums and holiday homes, where it looks great in group plantings.

​This can be done using spruce branches. With the onset of spring, do not remove the protective cover too early. It is safe to open conifer plantings in the second half of April.​

​Dwarf pine Minima looks good when decorating slopes, Japanese gardens, and alpine slides.​

Pine tree care

​Different types of pine cones differ in their shapes, sizes and colors. But at the beginning of life they are all soft, yellow-green, and as they grow older they become woody and change color from dark green to brown.​

​Another species widespread on the Crimean peninsula. Pallas pine is a tall tree, about 20 meters. The bark is reddish-black, mottled with cracks. The crown is dense, changing shape from ovoid to umbrella-shaped. It is distinguished by horizontally spread branches with upward-curved ends and large cones. Crimean pine is light-loving, undemanding to the soil, and easily tolerates a lack of moisture. It also grows in the Caucasus, Crete, the Balkans, and Asia Minor.​

In medicine, buds are widely used, which must be collected in early spring before they bloom. The buds contain essential oils, resins, starch, tannins and bitter substances. Pine needles contain large amounts of carotene and vitamin C. Due to the value of wood, pine forests are considered the main object of forest exploitation.​

​The pine tree is one of the the most valuable breeds conifers in our country. Reaching 35-40 m in height, it belongs to the trees of the first size. The trunk circumference reaches 1 m. It is covered with reddish-brown, grooved, peeling bark. At the base of the trunk, the bark is much thicker than that located at the top. This “idea” of nature has a protective function, protecting the tree from overheating and ground fire. Pines that grow in closed stands have a more slender trunk with an openwork crown. While the tree is young, the crown has a cone-shaped shape. With age, it becomes rounder, wider, and in old age it acquires a flat or umbrella-shaped shape. Pine needles have a bluish-green color. It is quite dense, often protruding, curved, collected in bunches of 2 needles. Length 4-7 cm. The needles are pointed, slightly flattened, and have a thin longitudinal stripe. The needles live for 3 years. In autumn, usually in September, some of the needles fall off. Before this, the needles become yellow, which makes the crown look variegated.

How much I love pine trees! Of course, I won’t plant on the plot - I like it exactly Pinery, and for him my lands are too small :)) But taking a walk in such a forest is a fantastic pleasure! I kind of envy the residents of those regions where pine trees grow everywhere. I remember from childhood summer rest at a dacha near St. Petersburg, where pine trees surrounded the village and grew right outside the fences of the plots; The Karelian Isthmus, where pine trees surrounded by mossy boulders look into endless lakes... Nostalgia :)​

​Pruning​

​The decorative forms of this pine decorate the landscapes of the USA and Northern Europe. There are also dwarf varieties of this plant that can be grown in bonsai style.​

White pine, sometimes called Japanese or maiden pine, grows in Japan, as well as on the Kuril Islands. It is an elegant tree no more than 20 m high with long dark green needles, which have a silver tint on the underside and a dense cone-shaped crown.​

​Pine​

Types and varieties of pine

​Many pine trees require formative pruning.​

​The next dwarf variety of Weymouth pine is “Makopin”, which is distinguished not only by its miniature size, growing a little more than a meter in height, but also by its almost symmetrical spherical crown with an inconspicuous top.​

The largest in size are the cones of American Lambert pines - 50 centimeters long, Coulter pines - reaching 40 centimeters, as well as Cilician fir, growing about 30 centimeters long. The smallest cones, barely reaching 3 centimeters, are found in Lyell's larch and Japanese pseudotuga.​

​Decorative Chinese species with characteristic long and thin needles and edible oil seeds. Grows exclusively in warm southern regions.​

Scots pine is one of the most ancient medicinal plants. Its needles were used in poultices and compresses 5,000 years ago. IN Ancient Egypt pine resin was found in embalming compounds. By the way, even now, after 3000 years, these compounds have not lost their bactericidal properties. In Rome and Greece, pine needles were used to treat colds. And in Rus', it was customary to chew pine resin to disinfect the oral cavity, strengthen teeth and gums.

​The cones are located singly or in groups of 2-3 on stems lowered down. The unripe cone is conical in shape and dark green in color. Sometimes a brownish tint may be present. Pine cones ripen in the second year. Ripe buds turn brown or brown in color. Length is 3-6 cm, width 2-3 cm.​

​And at my dacha, I have two pine trees that are 20 years old - they were planted with one-year-old twigs, unfortunately, one died at the age of 5 years. and one of them has been waiting for a transplant for 3 years; she didn’t have time to get a transplant this fall. I wonder if the lower branches need to be trimmed - they are at a height of 20 and 50 cm. I couldn’t find an answer.​

Pine trees do not need special pruning. If you need to slow down the growth of a tree and want the crown to be denser, then it is enough to break off the young branches with your fingers by about a third of their length.​

​The Thunberg pine is a beautiful tree with deeply furrowed bark that becomes rougher and more expressive.​

​In Japan, this pine tree is a symbol of longevity, as well as a symbol of the beginning of the year.​

Violetta Shevchenko, Rostov-on-Don

​benefits a person. Its homogeneous softwood can be easily processed, glued, painted and polished, making it a sought-after building material.​

The time for it comes at the end of May, and by mid-June this procedure must be completed. The crown can be given a very different shape, or you can simply keep the plant in neat condition and carry out only sanitary pruning.​

7dach.ru

The needles are long, soft and colored green-blue. Dwarf pine "Makopin" is an ideal option for small areas. It looks good both as a single plant - tapeworm, and in a group of other conifers. It is worth noting the dwarf variety of mountain pine "Pug".​

E-Catalogue of ornamental plants for garden “Landscape” - decorative coniferous and deciduous trees and shrubs, vines, herbaceous perennials

Are you looking for a useful and valid basis for your design work for landscaping your garden, parks, urban landscaping, etc.? Then the online catalog of ornamental garden plants on the Landscape website is what you need. The e-catalogue of ornamental garden plants “Landscape” is an indispensable assistant; here you will find not only an extremely wide range of plants for a wide variety of growing conditions, but also receive a lot of other information. The e-catalog of ornamental plants for the garden “Landscape” is a practical guide to available ornamental plants on the Ukrainian market. The online catalog of ornamental plants for the “Landscape” garden is constantly updated and replenished with new garden ornamental plants.

For designers, site owners, and people who are in love with plants and gardens, the online catalog “Landscape” is an accessible and popular guide to help in choosing plants for the garden. We tried to describe all the features and characteristics of the plants; all plants are illustrated with photographs showing the shape or characteristic features of the plants. The descriptions of the presented plants are simple and clear, interesting short practical tips, contain basic information regarding plant characteristics, soil requirements, lighting and frost resistance, care recommendations and possible use or arrangement with other species. Additional and very useful information is contained in the silhouette of a plant in adulthood with a human figure, which allows you to imagine the future size and shape of an adult plant, making it possible to immediately select the right plants for the garden.

The e-catalog of ornamental garden plants “Landscape” uses international standards for writing plant names. First of all, we use Latin names to avoid ambiguity, as well as Russian names and synonyms. This will allow you to quickly find the manufacturer of the plant you are interested in.

Climate influence and frost resistance

A winter hardiness zone is a region in which a certain plant species, as a rule, still tolerates winters well, in other words, the region where its cultural range begins. It is important to understand that the frost resistance of plants depends on many factors; all data on climatic zones of winter hardiness are only approximate. Within one zone, the microclimate of some regions may differ significantly from the given data. For example, urban areas are usually half a step warmer than the surrounding landscape. Large bodies of water, areas, as well as slopes and hilltops have a positive effect on the climate, while unfavorable conditions prevail in depressions and valleys.

The climate zone number is indicated under each plant description in the catalog, indicating the degree of its resistance to low temperatures - the lower the zone number, the more frost-resistant the plant. Plants can often grow in regions of five or more climate zones. A plant from zone 2 can usually grow without problems in zones 3,4,5,6,7 and possibly also in zones 8 and 9. These zone recommendations are based on the availability of optimal conditions for each individual plant and do not take into account snow protection . Information about climate zones of frost resistance is also a hint on how to cover plants for the winter.

Map of winter hardiness zones of Ukraine

Winter hardiness zones and their ranges of average annual minimum temperatures

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