Russian folk sayings. Proverbs and sayings: meaning and meaning. Russian proverbs and sayings and their meaning

Proverbs and sayings are arranged alphabetically.

HOW DOES A PROVERB DIFFER FROM A SAYING? Everything is very simple:

A proverb is an independent complete sentence that carries a meaning. (Example: Without difficulty, you can’t even pull a fish out of the pond. There's a meaning? Yes, it takes effort to get results.

A proverb is a word or phrase (two or three words) that characterizes a person, an act, or some situation. Almost never used on its own. Used in conversations for variety, humor, characterization of a person, or deed. (Example: Easy to remember - just remembered about him, he appeared. Not salty slurping - come back with nothing. Fool around - do nothing, pretend.)

P.S. All interpretations of the meaning of proverbs and sayings are exclusively subjective and do not claim to be the Universal Truth, and are also copyright property, which is protected by the Copyright Law. When using material in other sources, be sure to refer to this site.
If you need to decipher a particular proverb, write it in the comments.

Have fun!

And Vaska listens and eats. (Quote from the fable of I. A. Krylov. The meaning of the saying is that one speaks, explains, interprets, tries to “get through to Vaska”, and Vaska misses everything and does everything in his own way.)

And nothing has changed. (Quote from the fable of I. A. Krylov. The meaning of the saying is that, despite all the talk and promises in any case, nothing has been done except chatter.)

And where is cabbage soup, look for us here too (A Russian proverb means that a person is trying to strive to where it is good, where there is a well-fed, rich life.)

And the casket just opened. (Quote from the fable of I.A. Krylov. It is said in the case when in fact everything was much simpler than people thought and did.)

And there at least the grass does not grow. (The meaning of the saying is that the person who said this phrase expresses complete indifference to what will happen after his act or any situation, and to those who suffer as a result of his actions.)

Aw, oh yeah. (The meaning of the saying is that the person speaking it does not want to do anything himself to improve or correct the situation, but simply waits for the situation to develop further on its own, without his participation. To be honest, a couple of times in Life such an attitude helped out, but only a couple of times....)))). In many cases, this attitude leads to bad consequences.)

You can see the diamond in the mud. (A proverb means: no matter how you look, but if you are a worthy person, then people will appreciate it with respect for you.)

Appetite comes with eating. (They say in the case when there is no desire to do any business. The point is that as soon as you start a business, the desire to continue it will certainly come by itself.)

April with water - May with grass. (The meaning of the proverb is that if there is a lot of rain in early spring, then all plants and crops will spoil very well.)

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To live life is not a field to cross.

Every Egor has a saying.

Proverb-flower, proverb-berry.

Not knowing the ford, do not poke your head into the water.

Life is given for good deeds.

Red speech proverb.

Trust in God, but don't make a mistake yourself.

A house is not built without corners, speech is not spoken without a proverb.

Wet rain is not afraid.

Small, but remote.

On someone else's side, I'm happy with my little funnel.

Whoever burns himself in milk, he blows into the water.

A cowardly bunny and a stump - a wolf.

There would be dinner, but the spoon is found.

From time immemorial, the book raises a person.

Own land and in a handful is sweet.

Ah yes oh will not give help.

Falsely acquired for the future will not work.

Once he lied, but for a century he became a liar.

The mother swings high and hits gently, the stepmother swings low and hits painfully.

On the native side and the pebble is familiar.

It is better to forgive ten guilty people than to execute one innocent.

Where the pine has grown, there it is red.

It is bad for him who does no good to anyone.

Wormwood does not grow without a root.

The sting is sharp, and the tongue is sharper.

Without a friend in the heart of a blizzard.

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

There is no friend, so look for, but there is, so take care.

A liar is always an unfaithful friend, he will deceive you around.

The native side is the mother, the alien side is the stepmother.

Where to live, there to be known.

Meet by clothes, and see off by mind.

Being a guest is good, but being at home is better.

That bird is stupid, which does not like its nest.

To go to visit - you must also drive to yourself.

Trouble is trouble, and food is food.

On the other side, and the spring is not red.

Every man is the blacksmith of his own happiness.

On the other side, even the falcon is called a crow.

God will soak, God will dry.

Teach children without people.

A storm hits a tall tree.

Altyn silver does not break the ribs.

You don't get rich by cheating, you get poorer.

You go for a day, take bread for a week.

If you like to ride - love to carry sleds.

What is the spin, such is the shirt on it.

He destroys himself who does not love others.

It is better to be silent than to lie.

If you don't know how to sew with gold, then strike with a hammer.

The hand of the giver will not fail.

If only he knew where he fell, he spread straws here.

The eyes are afraid, but the hands are doing.

Summer works for winter, and winter works for summer.

Who indulges children, then sheds a tear.

For a scientist they give three unscientists, and even then they don’t take it.

In crowded but not mad.

What goes around comes around.

Prepare the sleigh in summer and the cart in winter.

Who knows a lot, much is asked.

Get up early, understand sensibly, perform diligently.

Perhaps they won’t bring it to good somehow.

The work of the master is afraid.

Play, play, but know the matter.

Finished the job - walk boldly.

You can't even pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty.

The envious eye sees far.

You can't buy health - the mind gives it.

Business time, fun hour.

The day is long until the evening, if there is nothing to do.

Who does not work shall not eat.

Walk in the summer, get hungry in the winter.

Skillful hands do not know boredom.

Patience and a little effort.

You love to ride, love to carry sleds.

There will be a day - there will be food.

Labor feeds a person, but laziness spoils.

Take it together, it won't be heavy.

Beware of troubles while they are not.

The craft does not ask to drink and eat, but feeds itself.

The snow is white, but they trample underfoot, the poppy is black, and people eat.

Although the child is crooked, the father-mother is cute.

Not an ax amuses, but a carpenter.

Do not sit idly by, and there will be no boredom.

Boring day until evening, if there is nothing to do.

A rolling stone gathers no moss.

Without work to live only to smoke the sky.

Postpone idleness, but do not postpone business.

Don't hurry with your tongue, hurry with your deeds.

Handle every task skillfully.

There would be a hunt - work will go well.

They are greeted by the dress, escorted by the mind.

Learning to read and write is always useful.

And the strength of the mind is inferior.

They sent a smart one - say one word, say three fools, and go after him yourself.

A smart head has a hundred hands.

Mind is good, but two is better.

You can't live without the sun, you can't live without the sweet.

As is the mind, so are the speeches.

In a smart conversation, gain your mind, lose your mind in a stupid one.

Know more and say less.

The stupid one turns sour, but the smart one will provide everything.

The bird is red in singing, and the man in learning.

An unlearned person is like an unsharpened axe.

The dunno lies, and the know-it-all runs far.

If you want to eat kalachi, don't sit on the stove.

From the window of the whole world you can not look back.

Learning is light and ignorance is darkness.

The alphabet is science, and the guys are beech.

An old friend is better than two new ones.

A friend argues, and an enemy agrees.

Do not recognize a friend in three days, recognize in three years.

A friend and brother is a great thing: you won’t get it soon.

I was with a friend, I drank water - sweeter than honey.

There is no friend, so look for, but you will find, so take care.

Make new friends, but don't lose old ones.

For a friend, seven miles is not a suburb.

An orphan without a friend, a family man with a friend.

Seven do not wait for one.

A horse is known in grief, and a friend in trouble.

When the sun is warm, when the mother is good.

There is no friend like a mother.

What is the treasure, if the family is in harmony.

Brotherly love is better than stone walls.

The bird is glad of spring, and the baby of the mother.

The children's hut is fun.

The whole family is together, and the soul is in place.

Maternal affection knows no end.

Maternal anger is like spring snow: and a lot of it falls, but it will soon melt.

The dear child has many names.

Grandmother - only one grandfather is not a grandson.

Good daughter Annushka, if mother and grandmother praise

From the same oven, but the rolls are not the same.

And a mad sheep will be born from a good father.

The bird is in the nest until autumn, and the children are in the house until the age.

From a bad seed do not expect a good tribe.

Capricious in childhood, ugly in years.

All children are equal - both boys and girls.

The children's hut is fun.

Before talking about proverbs and sayings, let's turn to the concept of aphorism. In Greek it means "short sentence". Unlike an ordinary sentence, an aphorism is a complete, deep, generalized and refined thought that is unexpected and expressive.

What is common between aphorisms, proverbs and sayings?

If you want to know what proverbs are, then you should understand the concept of aphorism. They differ slightly from him in form, going back to folklore, but, in fact, also remain short, complete thoughts.

According to the definition of V. I. Dahl, the proverb is divided into two parts, the first of which is a judgment, and the second is its interpretation. A. S. Pushkin emphasized her artistry and extraordinary expressiveness, expressing his admiration. Many of the proverbs reflected ancient rituals, features of the former ways of life and were forgotten. As N.V. Gogol said, a Russian person had to get out under the burden of a difficult life, which found expression in his well-aimed and accurate sayings.

A distinctive feature of the saying is that it rather expresses an emotional judgment, the essence of which must be guessed. It is also folklore. The proverb often omits interpretation if the judgment is obvious. This is stated in the dictionary of V.I. Dahl, where he no longer divides it into two parts. He believes that the proverb is a parable, a lesson, a kind of folk sentence. The boundaries between these three types of sayings are very blurred. Quite often, the interpretation is hidden behind folklore, which is understandable only to the people. Many statements are combined and published together on many sites, allowing the reader to figure out for himself what proverbs and sayings, as well as aphorisms, are.

The relevance of short sayings

Proverbs allow you to find the shortest path to achieve the goal in the process of communication. No one can object to them, since they do not require proof and are taken on faith immediately. How can you dare to speak out against Acting on the subconscious of the interlocutor, proverbs warn his objections. At the same time, they contain the preferred line of behavior of the interlocutor, which is determined by the interpretation. The saying is just a hint, and it is not known how a person will act in this case. Among the people, proverbs often had a class connotation. The authorities did not like it, and they excluded them from publications. But most of the folk wisdom has been preserved through communication and retelling from generation to generation.

Proverbs reflect different points of view, sometimes completely opposite. This is due to the fact that people have different attitudes towards life, and this attitude is manifested through sayings. It is possible that they are all correct, if applied to the appropriate situation. In one case, you should do this, and in the other - differently. What are the proverbs? The main themes of the proverbs are labor, friendship, books and money.

Love and friendship

What are proverbs about friendship and love? The topic is very popular. Such relationships can have a variety of interpretations: “You don’t recognize a friend without trouble”, “A bad world is better than a good quarrel”, “To hang out with some is like sitting in nettles”. The first proverb says that a true friend is known in difficulties. The second means that it is better to live in peace, and not in a quarrel. In the third saying, it is proposed not to be friends with everyone in a row, otherwise there will be trouble. Proverbs about love: “All ages are submissive to love”, “If there was a neck, there would be a collar”, “You won’t be forcibly sweet.” In these three sayings, a whole palette of relationships is collected. Here is the hope of finding a loved one at any age, and the fear that marriage will take away freedom, and the lack of hope that tender feelings will be mutual. Moreover, in other situations, these same sayings will acquire other shades. It all depends on how skillfully they use. In some cases, they will be assistants in communication, while in others they will turn against.

Money and what is associated with it

Money means wealth, comfort, well-being, prestige. This topic is always the main one. For a long time it was not customary to talk about them, as well as about sex. At the same time, money enters economic and social life. The economic approach creates and regulates the framework of human behavior. What are the proverbs about money? The attitude towards them is different for each era, but, in fact, for people the state is of paramount importance: "Money paves the way." Time is highly valued right now. The saying goes: "Time is money". With them, the paths are open everywhere: "For your penny, good for everyone." Here, next to it, is human greed: “Money rows with a shovel.” The topic of money is always accompanied by fraud and deceit: "Whoever lies, he takes the money." Poverty and wealth are always determined by money: “Woe is girded with a bast”, “And there are teeth, but there is nothing to eat”, “We are kindred, but our money is someone else's”. A Russian person is always prudent: "A penny saves a ruble."

Patience and work

For people who are used to relying only on themselves, the topic of work always comes first. What are They exist in a variety of forms. From childhood, I often heard sayings from adults about work, craft, and skill. Work has always been valued and respected. True masters of their craft knew how difficult it is to achieve a good result. Popular proverbs speak of this: “Skill and work will grind everything!”, “There is patience - there will be skill”, “Income does not live without hassle.”

There is a popular saying, "Don't waste your time." Business has always been given most of the time, and people left very little for entertainment.

The people did not like loafers and people who were heavy on their feet. Nobody wanted to do the work for them. They laughed at them and found all sorts of shortcomings: “Ride on the darmovshchina”, “Laziness and work pulls itself up.”

The modern saying "The work of fools loves" has a multi-valued interpretation. On the one hand, she sets out the position of a loafer, and on the other hand, she warns that one should not take on any kind of work. The saying “Horses die from work” has a similar meaning. For a stupid person or an unintelligent animal, work is only harmful. Many folk sayings have a sharp social orientation, reflecting real events.

What can you tell us about the book...

What are now difficult times for her, and it is not known what will happen next with this wonderful source of knowledge. It is likely that paper media will give way to Internet memory, computer hard drives and external media. Without them, it is impossible to gain knowledge: "Empty work - to fish without a hook and learn without a book." The expression “I read a lot, but took into account little” can mean an inattentive study of the text or the fact that the reader has not yet grown up to this work.

The people warn: "Reading books, remember about business." Everything has a measure.

In the process of reading, you come closer to understanding reality. A very popular expression: "The mouth of babies speaks the truth."

What are the books about?

Books often write about truth and lies, happiness and sorrow, justice, fate. What are some proverbs about truth? Many see it, but do not want to recognize it if it is not beneficial for them: “Lies will not lead to good”, “Attach every lie to yourself.”

If you are not lucky for a long time, then in the end luck comes: "There would be no happiness, but grief helped."

Much is said in books about justice: “What you sow, you will reap”, “They carry water for the offended”. Empty discontent will not lead to anything good, but will only aggravate the situation.

About a difficult situation, you can say this: "God will judge." You should not make hasty decisions yourself, but rather wait until life itself puts everything in its place.

Conclusion

Short sayings invade our lives, helping and helping out with their depth, ambiguity and deep philosophical meaning. They contain the generalized wisdom of the peoples of the world, which has been collected for centuries. You just need to learn how to understand and apply them correctly. Read proverbs, sayings and aphorisms. This spiritual food is an excellent dessert for the material.

Proverbs and sayings are both useful and dangerous,
like any other stereotypes"

Quick explanation

Proverb is a whole sentence with meaning, and proverb- just a beautiful phrase or phrase. This is the main feature that distinguishes proverbs from sayings.

The proverb contains moralizing, omen, warning or instruction. A saying is just an eloquent expression that can be easily replaced by other words.

Examples

Proverbs and sayings are often confused

On the Internet, they very often write "Proverbs and sayings", and at the same time they mean only proverbs.

Most often, sites give a list of "Proverbs and Sayings", which actually contains only proverbs. Very rarely, some sayings may come across in such lists. It is not uncommon to find a list of proverbs titled as a list of sayings.

How not to confuse the words of proverbs and sayings?

To remember not to confuse these concepts with each other, use the following tips:

1. There is a phrase " Proverbs and sayings".
Word " proverbs"always comes first, because a proverb is complete sentence, with morality and deep meaning.
And the word " sayings always in second place because it is just a beautiful and symbolic phrase, unable to act as an independent proposal.

2. Read individual articles about and sayings on this site. Feel the difference between them.

3. You can always go to this page to remember once again the differences between proverbs and sayings.

proverb complete sentence

A proverb is a short sentence containing folk wisdom. It is written in simple folk language, often has rhyme and rhythm.

Examples

You can't even catch a fish from a pond without effort.

An empty barrel rattles louder.

Not knowing the ford, do not poke your head into the water.

If you chase two hares, you won't catch one.

Brevity is the soul of wit.

Small spool but precious.

A proverb is a symbolic phrase or phrase

A proverb is a well-established phrase or phrase, a figurative expression, a metaphor. Not used on its own.
Sayings are used in sentences to give a bright artistic coloring to facts, things and situations.

Examples of sayings

"to put a pig" (to mischief)

"a disservice" (help turning to harm)

"to stay with the nose" (to be deceived)

"stay at the broken trough» (to lose something due to stupid behavior)

"when cancer on the mountain whistles" (never)

"wedding general" (important person from whom there is no actual sense)

Examples of the use of sayings in sentences

I will give you this car when cancer on the mountain whistles.

Illegally dismissed employee gave us a pig.

Basilio the cat and Alice the fox left Pinocchio with a nose.

Our new director walks around important, is interested in every nonsense, pretends to understand something, and at the same time asks the most stupid questions, in short - another wedding general.

For more complete knowledge of proverbs and sayings, the following articles on our website are recommended.