10.03.2020

Ecological dictation dedicated to the year of ecology. Issues of the environmental action environmental dictation. "Specially protected natural areas in our country include

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MUNICIPAL BUDGET GENERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

"OBOYAN SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL №1"

Ecological dictation dedicated to the year of ecology - 2017

Exercise 1.

(correct answer - 1 point)

"Ecology" in Greek means:

a) "heat and light";

b) "plants and animals";

c) "the science of the house, dwelling";

d) "nature conservation".

Photoperiodism is the reaction of living organisms to change:

A) temperature regime;

b) air humidity;

c) the length of daylight hours;

d) atmospheric pressure.

The part of nature that surrounds the organism and with which it directly interacts is:

a) area;

b) ecological niche;

c) habitat;

G)environmental factor.

A loose thin layer of the land surface, in contact with the air, characterized by fertility is:

a) lithosphere;

b) parent rock;

c) the earth's crust;

d) soil.

The habitat is:

a) predators affecting organisms;

b) light affecting organisms;

c) moisture affecting organisms;

d) live and inanimate nature that affect organisms.

By the ability to populate any climatic zones has no equal:

a) a sparrow

b) tiger;

c) a person;

d) a bear.

Birds actively mark their territories:

a) excrement;

b) sounds;

c) feathers;

d) nests.

a) dung beetle;

b) louse;

c) gray mouse;

d) locust.

a) limited living space;

b) an abundant supply of food;

c) the complexity of distribution from one individual of the host to another;

d) defensive reactions of the host organism.

The following pairs of plants cannot be found in one community:

a) medium plantain - caustic ranunculus;

b) blueberries - blueberries;

c) cranberry - wild rosemary;

d) cornflower - sphagnum.

In one natural community with duckweed you can meet:

a) a wolf

b) lark;

c) frog ku;

d) gopher.

An individual is:

A) species;

b) a single living organism;

c) community of animals;

d) a family of living organisms.

Produce organic substances from inorganic:

a) viruses;

b) plants;

c) mushrooms;

d) animals.

Green plants are called lungs of the planet", because they:

a) produce starch and cellulose;

b) absorb starch and cellulose;

c) take in oxygen and produce carbon dioxide

d) take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.

biological nature person manifests itself:

a) in the use of tools;

b) c articulate speech;

c) in food relations;

d) in obedience to the laws of society.

The recreational value of reservoirs lies in the fact that they:

a) are used as places of rest for people;

b) serve to obtain drinking water;

c) used for watering livestock;

d) are used to irrigate fields.

Growth and development of cities, transformation countryside in the city is:

a) agglomeration;

b) urbanization;

c) nationalization;

d) eutrophication.

IN major cities usually the main source of pollution atmospheric air are:

a) airplanes

b) cars;

c) trains;

d) pedestrians.

Acid rain is formed:

a) in the atmosphere;

b) in rivers, seas and oceans;

c) in earth's crust;

d) in the soil.

Common name chemicals used in agriculture for the destruction of weeds, pathogenic fungi and insect pests:

a) antibiotics;

b) pesticides;

c) phytoncides;

d) vitamins.

Defence from noise pollution environment is usually done by:

a) zoning of the territory locality and removal of noise sources outside residential areas;

b) the organization of a transport network with the passage of highways through residential areas;

c) laying highways on high embankments;

d) cutting down green spaces along highways.

An animal that can be used as a bioindicator of a reservoir is:

a) a water lily;

b) duckweed;

c) caddis;

d) earthworm.

The result of uncontrolled spread from other territories was the appearance in the European part of our country:

a) Canadian elodea;

b) caustic buttercup;

c) three-lobed duckweed;

d) common tansy.

to specially protected natural areas in our country are:

a) park of culture and recreation;

b) natural Park;

V) children's park;

d) zoological park.

Profession of a person working with animals in reserves:

a) eger;

b) forester;

c) a poacher;

d) inspector.

The limiting factor for gray crows living in cities can be:

a) the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere;

b) yield of spruce seeds;

c) the number of foxes and owls;

d) the number and size of dumps.

Competent reasoning is:

a) “the city has bad ecology”;

b) "the environment must be protected";

c) “in our region the whole ecology is spoiled”;

d) “ecology is the basis of rational nature management”.

Task 2

Choose one correct answer out of four possible ones and justify in writing why you think this answer is correct (choosing the correct answer - 2 points; justification - from 0 to 2 points; total for the task - 4 points).

In large cities, attempts have been repeatedly made to exterminate crows as "harmful" birds. From an environmental point of view, the most effective way Crow regulation is:

a) capture and shooting;

b) breeding them natural enemies– stray dogs, cats;

c) destruction of nests and clutches;

d) liquidation of unauthorized dumps.

Answer:

Forest fires are extremely common. Average annual area forest fires on Earth makes up about 1% of the forested area. Fire danger depends on the nature of the forest. For example, in summer it is much lower in deciduous forests than in coniferous ones. This is due to the fact that deciduous forests are characterized by:

a) less dense undergrowth and undergrowth;

b) high content in the air essential oils;

c) lower attendance by tourists, hunters, mushroom pickers;

d) high humidity.

Answer:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The development of cities is due to the influence of a wide variety of environmental factors, among which the main NOT are:

A) geographical position;

b)hydrogeological and climatic conditions;

V)relief features;

G)species diversity

4. From meteorological phenomena on the health of oboyans most often have Negative influence:

a) dry winds;

b) earthquakes;

c) increase and decrease in temperature);

d) floods.

Task number 3

1. These sciences study various types of living beings, as well as their relationship with each other and with the environment:

1. History; 2) ecology;

3) ethics;

4) geology;

5) biology;

6) physics.

2. Among the dangerous atmospheric phenomena, relate:

1) hail;

2) thunderstorms;

3) thunder;

4) rainbows;

5) rains;

6) winds.

3. The levels of organization of wildlife include:

1) biosphere;

2) noosphere;

3) hydrosphere;

4) atmosphere;

5) lithosphere;

6) ecosystem.

4. Removal in city parks of dead, fallen trees, windfall trees, as well as deadwood is carried out in order to:

1) providing fuel to city boiler houses;

2) providing fuel to the local population;

3) fire prevention;

4) prevention of infectious plant diseases;

5) improvement of the food base of wood-boring beetles;

6) expansion of habitats for hollow-nesting birds.

5. Of the presented plants, indicators of acidic soils are:

1) common sorrel;

2) alfalfa;

3) common heather;

4) stinging nettle;

5) Sosnovsky's hogweed;

6) couch grass.

6. Of the presented plants, indicators of atmospheric air pollution are:

1) yellow capsule;

2) ranunculus caustic;

3) bushy lichen;

4) buttercup creeping;

5) white water lily;

6) leafy lichen.

7. Were destroyed by man:

1) Steller's cows;

2) beavers;

3) dodos;

4) malarial mosquitoes;

5) platypuses;

6) kangaroo.

8. Which of the following plants are listed in the Red Book Kursk region:

1) Sosnovsky's hogweed

2) dandelion officinalis

3) big plantain

4) thin-leaved peony

5) meadow bluegrass

6) narrow-leaved feather grass

Answers

Exercise 1.

Choose one correct answer from four possible

(correct answer - 1 point)

Maximum amount points - 27

Task 2

(12 points)

Answer d

In a number major cities Russia has repeatedly made attempts to regulate the number of crows: catching with traps, shooting, the use of pesticides, the destruction of nests and clutches. As a rule, these expensive measures, not to mention their inhumanity, did not give a tangible effect and, at best, made it possible to reduce the number of crows for some time. The main way to fight is to reduce the number of unauthorized dumps in the city, which are the main sources of food for birds.

Answer d

The probability of ignition and spread of fire is less, the higher the humidity of the air. Deciduous forests characterized by higher humidity larger area evaporation of water from the surface of the leaves.

Answer d

since a large species diversity is not an environmental factor affecting the development of cities. On the contrary, as a rule, territories characterized by a large species diversity, such as, rainforests, are inaccessible for people and, consequently, for the emergence of cities.

Answer in

Sudden rises and falls in temperature can often lead to various diseases, including colds, as well as discomfort in people with cardiovascular diseases. Such temperature fluctuations are not uncommon, especially in spring and autumn. Dry winds, earthquakes and floods are quite

Task 3 (max. 8 points)

Choose two correct answers from the six proposed answers (correct answer - 1 point; the correct answer is the choice of both correct options).

2,5

1, 2

1,6

3, 4

1, 3

3,6

1,3

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Biological dictations

№ 1. Instead of dots, choose the appropriate terms.

a) The science of the patterns of relationships between organisms, species, communities with the environment is ...(ecology) .

b) The reaction of the body to the length of the day is ...(photoperiodism) .

c) There are three groups of environmental factors: ..., ..., ...(abiotic, biotic, anthropogenic) .

d) Relief, soil, climate, air - these are ... factors(abiotic) .

e) Producers of organic matter are ...(producers).

f) A community of organisms inhabiting the same territory, interconnected by food chains and influencing each other - ...(biocenosis) .

g) Plants use energy to synthesize organic substances ...(sun).

h) The temporary state of the body, in which life processes are slowed down to a minimum and there are no visible signs of life, - ...(anabiosis) .

i) A stable self-regulating system in which organic components are inextricably linked with inorganic, - ...(biogeocenosis) .

j) Destroyers of organic residues are ...(reducers).

k) Herbivorous and carnivorous animals - ...(consumers).

m) The length of the food chain is characterized by ...(loss of E).

m) The biological productivity of biocenoses is determined by ...(biomass).

o) All types of plants and animals that form this biogeocenosis are its ...(species composition).

n) The number of individuals of a given species per unit area or volume - ...(population density).

p) Change of some types of communities by others over a certain period of time - ...(succession).

№ 2. Fill in the gaps in the text.

Producers of organic matter in the biocenosis are ...(green plants). They use …(solar) energy in the process...(photosynthesis). Organisms that consume ready-made organic substances are called ...(consumers). The main role in the mineralization of organic substances belongs to ...(reducers) who may be represented by...(mushrooms) And …(bacteria) .

№ 3. Fill in the gaps by choosing one word from the pair in brackets.

Key: a) does not threaten; b) weak; c) aggressive; d) have; d) do not have; e) do not have; g) do not have; h) big.

№ 4. Give an explanation of the terms:

ecological system, biogeocenosis, biocenosis, producers, consumers, decomposers, abiotic factors, biotic factors, anthropogenic factors, optimal factor, limiting factor, endurance limit, photoperiodism, seasonal rhythm, biological clock, anabiosis, agrocenosis, food chains, food networks, ecological pyramid rule, change of biogeocenoses, restoration of biocenosis, self-regulation in biogeocenosis.

№ 5. Digital dictation.

Decide whether this or that proposed judgment is correct or incorrect; write down the numbers of the correct judgments.

1. Biocenosis is a community of organisms in their relationship with the environment.

2. Ecosystems consist of living and non-living components, called respectively biotic and abiotic.

3. Relief, climate, soil, air - abiotic factors of the environment.

4. A signal for seasonal changes for plants and animals is the ambient temperature.

5. All the energy supplied to plants from the Sun is spent on the synthesis of organic substances.

6. The intensity of the factor, the most favorable for the life of the organism, is called the optimum.

7. Some bacteria use the energy released during chemical reactions to create the food they need.

8. Consumers decompose organic residues to inorganic compounds.

9. The role of producers is in the synthesis of organic substances.

10. Most ecosystems include herbivores and predators.

11. Mushrooms and microorganisms are consumers.

12. The length of the food chain of living organisms is limited by the loss of energy at each trophic level.

13. Secondary consumers are herbivores.

14. Length daylight hours plays a leading role in seasonal changes.

15. food chain has no more than 3-5 links.

16. In the desert, the limiting factor in ecosystem productivity is temperature.

17. The productivity of the oceans depends on the nutrients, sunlight and warmth.

18. Nutrients make a continuous cycle in the ecosystem.

19. In a food web that includes herbaceous plants, locust, dung beetle, cross spider, sparrow, hawk, the first-order consumer is the hawk.

20. The population size of any animal or plant species depends on the balance of birth and death of individuals.

22. In nature, the change of biogeocenosis occurs in the direction from more stable to less stable.

23. The distribution of various plant species is determined by climatic and soil factors.

№ 6. Distributive dictation.

Which of the following provisions apply to agrocenoses (A) , and which - to biogeocenoses (B) .

1. Consist of a large number of species.

2. Capable of self-regulation.

3. Not capable of self-regulation.

4. Consist of a small number of species.

5. All nutrients absorbed by plants return to the soil over time.

6. A significant part of the nutrients is removed from the soil.

7. The only source of energy is sunlight.

8. The main driving force of evolution is artificial selection.

9. The main driving force of evolution is natural selection.

10. Prosperity, conservation and high productivity are linked to human activities.

Key: A – 3, 4, 6, 8, 10; B – 1, 2, 5, 7, 9.

№ 7. Distributive dictation.

Classify the factors listed below into abiotic (A) and biotic (B) .

a) The chemical composition of water;

b) diversity of plankton;

c) humidity, soil temperature;

d) presence nodule bacteria on the roots of legumes;

e) water flow rate;

f) soil salinity;

g) plant diversity;

h) chemical composition air;

i) the presence of bacteria in the air.

Key: A – a, c, e, f, h;B - b, d, f, i.

№ 8. * Digital dictation.

1. The biosphere is the shell of the Earth inhabited by living organisms.

2. Ozone layer located in the troposphere.

3. Outer hard shell the globe called the mantle.

4. The reproduction of organisms determines the pressure of life and the density of life.

5. The efficiency of using solar energy by plants in the process of photosynthesis is 0.1–0.5%.

6. Boron is one of the universal biogenic elements.

7. The speed of reproduction and the wide distribution of microorganisms determine their enormous role in the biosphere.

8. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are chemosynthetic bacteria.

9. The noosphere is the "intelligent shell of the Earth."

№ 9. Letter dictation.

From the provided information for each question, select those letter designations followed by the correct answers.

1. The founder of the doctrine of the biosphere is:

a) Dokuchaev;

b) Vernadsky;

c) Liebig.

2. The ozone layer is located:

a) in the troposphere;

b) the stratosphere;

c) ionosphere.

3. Biogenic migration is a cycle:

a) organic matter;

b) energy;

c) elements that make up organisms.

4. Universal biogenic elements include:

a) boron;

b) carbon;

c) vanadium.

5. The highest density of life on land is observed:

a) in the tundra;

b) deciduous forest;

c) tropical forest.

6. critical role in the evolution of the biosphere played the appearance in the Earth's atmosphere:

a) oxygen;

b) carbon dioxide;

c) nitrogen.

7. The accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere as a result of anthropogenic impact can cause:

a) climate shifts;

b) the formation of fossil remains;

c) the appearance of ozone holes.

8. Non-renewable energy resources include:

a) peat;

b) oil;

in the forest.

9. The main cause of the population explosion is:

a) an increase in the birth rate;

b) occupation of new habitats;

c) decrease in mortality.

№ 10. Letter dictation.

1. The term "biosphere" was first used by:

a) K. Linnaeus;

b) E. Suess;

c) J.-B. Lamarck;

d) V. I. Vernadsky.

2. The doctrine of the biosphere was created:

a) Ch. Darwin;

b) E. Suess;

c) V. I. Vernadsky;

d) A. I. Oparin.

3. Living matter is called:

a) the biomass of producers, moving to the second level in the food chain;

b) the mass formed by the bodies of dead organisms;

c) the totality of all living organisms of the Earth;

d) mineral substances formed during the decomposition of living organisms.

4. At a height of 16–20 m in the atmosphere there are:

a) animals;

b) plants;

c) spores, pollen, bacteria;

d) there is no correct answer.

5. Inert substance is:

a) animals, plants, fungi;

b) gas, peat;

c) rocks formed as a result of volcanic eruptions;

d) soil, silt.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

“The biosphere has repeatedly passed into a new evolutionary state ... We are experiencing this even now, over the past 10-20 thousand years, when a person, having developed scientific thought in the social environment, creates a new geological force in the biosphere, which has not been experienced in it. The biosphere has passed or, rather, is moving into a new evolutionary state, is being processed by the scientific thought of social man.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

____________________________________

11. Natural monument is

____________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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23.

24.

25.

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Questions of the educational action "Ecological dictation"

1. By whom and when was the term "Ecology" introduced?

2. Name 4 laws (axioms) that B. Commoner formulated in 1974

3. Who owns this statement and what is it about?

« Biosphere more than once passed into a new evolutionary state ... We are experiencing this even now, over the past 10-20 thousand years, when a person, having developed scientific thought in the social environment, creates a new geological force in the biosphere, which has never been seen in it.Biosphere has passed or, rather, is passing into a new evolutionary state, is being processed by the scientific thought of the social man.

4. Can the excess of the territory on which the population lives serve as an obstacle to the growth of its numbers? What populations can this happen to?

5. Acclimatization, from an ecological point of view, is a very dangerous process. What is dangerous in it for the organism itself brought to a new place of residence?

6. What's happened invasive species? Give examples of such species on Baikal.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Why do ground squirrels settle in disturbed biotopes?

8. What is the most common substance in the biosphere?

_______________________________________________________________________________

9. A system of repeated observations, assessment and forecast of changes in the state of the environment under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors called

_________________________________________________________

10. How many reserves of regional importance are there in Buryatia?

____________________________________

11. Natural monument is

12. List specially protected natural areas (SPNA) federal significance around Baikal

13. What is the name of the only natural park in Buryatia?

____________________________________________________________________________________

14. What is the largest fish in Baikal?

________________________________________________________________________________

15. Lake Baikal is under the protection of an international intergovernmental organization, a specialized agency of the United Nations. What is it called?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

16. Baikal is the only fresh water reservoir where gas hydrates have been found. What are they, and what significance do they have for the future?

17. In the literature about Baikal, the phrases “Baikal region” and “Baikal natural territory” are used. What is meant by these terms?

18. What gas is dissolved in the entire thickness of the Baikal water to the very bottom?

___________________________________________________________

19. What features of growth and development are typical for plants growing around Lake Baikal?

20. What is the reason for the pronounced local endemism of the fauna of the Ushkany Islands?

21. When and who first depicted Baikal on a map?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

22. What was the subject of study of the expedition of GG Doppelmair, and how did this expedition end? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The boundaries of which protected area in the Republic of Buryatia completely coincide with the administrative boundaries of the district?

How many districts of the Republic of Buryatia are located in the central ecological zone of the Baikal natural territory?

What department in the Republic of Buryatia was created for the functioning of protected areas of regional significance?

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Ecological dictation dedicated to the year of ecology. Issues of the environmental action environmental dictation. "Specially protected natural areas in our country include

to specially protected natural areas in our country are:

Download:

Preview:

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