Federal reserve "Stone Steppe". Extracurricular activity: Kamennaya Steppe nature reserve. Natural conditions of the Stone Steppe

Extracurricular activity: Protected natural area reserve Stone steppe.

Purpose of the event: To introduce the history of the creation of the Kamennaya Steppe Protected Nature Reserve with its features organic world. Upbringing careful attitude to nature and love for our small homeland.

Progress of the event.

1 Student performance. (accompanied by presentation)

You go, you go, - the steppe and the sky,

There really is no end for them,

And stands above, above the steppe,

The silence is silent.

Unbearable heat

The air is so thick;

How the thick grass rustles,

Only the ear hears.

You go, you go, like crazy,

Horses rush through the steppe;

In the distance the mounds turn green,

They run away in a chain.

Flash before my eyes

Two or three old willows, -

And again in the grass in waves

The winds play.

You go, you go, - the steppe and the sky, -

The steppe, the whole steppe, is like the sea;

And he will become sad involuntarily

In such a vast space.

Stone steppe... Whoever hears this name for the first time imagines a harsh area, bypassed by the graces of nature. Many come here from thousands of kilometers away to be convinced of the opposite, to see this miracle in the steppe, to worship the great human feat accomplished by a group of science enthusiasts and patriots of the Motherland.
The Stone Steppe is located south of the regional center Talovaya, in the Talovsky district in the southeast Voronezh region, on the watershed of the Bityuga and Khopra rivers - the left tributaries of the Don. Just two hundred years ago, natural landscapes, untouched by man, reigned here. After the abolition of serfdom, the intensified predatory plowing of land and the cutting down of already scarce forests led to a decrease in groundwater levels, shallowing of rivers, and the development of soil erosion processes. Droughts began to recur more frequently, causing mass hunger strikes among peasants. For its dryness, barrenness, and even for the glacial boulders sticking out in the fields, the people nicknamed this steppe the Stone Steppe.

In 1892, a group of scientists led by Vasily Vasilyevich Dokuchaev, the great Russian scientist, the founder of the study of soil, began organizing an interesting and unusually bold experiment for that time. It was decided to remake the arid steppe in the most decisive way, to create such conditions on it that not only would its further drying out, the formation of ravines and the washing away of black soils cease, but its fertility would also be restored, the climate would become milder, and harvests would be higher.
Dokuchaev considered the creation of protective forest belts and the construction of ponds to be the basis for carrying out work to transform the nature of the Kamennaya Steppe.
Now little remains of the natural landscape of the Stone Steppe. Dokuchaev’s wildest dreams came true. Here on the man-transformed lands of the Research Institute Agriculture A unique natural complex has been created in the Central Black Earth Zone named after V.V. Dokuchaev to combat drought and soil erosion.
The green, blooming oasis of the Stone Steppe is a prototype of what the entire black earth steppe strip should become.

Milestones of history

1892– “A special expedition of the Forestry Department to test in various ways and methods of forestry and water management in the steppes of Russia” under the leadership of V.V. Dokuchaev (1892-1898) carried out a unique experiment to protect steppe agriculture from catastrophic storms and droughts.

1899– the Kamenno-Steppe experimental forestry was organized (the first forester was G.F. Morozov), which was involved in testing various types of trees and shrubs in forest belts.

1911– three scientific institutions were organized in the Kamennaya Steppe: Kamennaya-Steppe Experimental Station named after. V.V. Dokuchaeva, Bobrovsky Zemsky Experimental Field and Steppe Experimental Station of the Bureau of Applied Botany.

1912– on deposits of different ages by the Scientific Council of the Kamenno-Steppe Experimental Station named after. V.V. Dokuchaev introduced haymaking, grazing and absolutely reserved (unmown) regimes.

1927- an arboretum was founded, in 1929 - an arboretum. Research has begun on the introduction of trees and shrubs.

July 5, 1930. – steppe deposits of various ages and economic use and the Arboretumnaya beam were declared protected areas on the basis of the Decree of the administration of the Voronezh region.

May 15, 1944– the territory of the Kameno-Steppe State Breeding Station was given the status of a scientific reserve (Decision of the Executive Committee of the Voronezh Regional Council of Workers' Deputies No. 8058).

1946– for stationary research of the Stone Steppe, a zonal Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Emergency Plant named after. V.V. Dokuchaeva

October 18, 1968– Decision of the Voronezh Regional Executive Committee No. 872 “On the creation of the botanical reserve “Kamennaya Steppe” on an area of ​​6 thousand hectares.”

May 13, 1982– Decision of the Voronezh Regional Executive Committee No. 344 “On the state hunting reserve “Kamennaya Steppe” on an area of ​​15 thousand hectares.”

May 25, 1996– Government Decree Russian Federation No. 639 “On the establishment of state natural reserve"Stone Steppe" of the Ministry of Protection environment And natural resources RF".

March 26, 2009– an Order was issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation, on the basis of which the protection of the territory of the state natural reserve of federal significance "Kamennaya Steppe", as well as measures to preserve biological diversity and maintain protected areas in their natural state natural complexes and objects on the territory of the reserve is carried out by the Federal government agency"Voronezh State Natural biosphere reserve».

Oh, you steppe, -

Boundless distances

And the feather grass agitated by the wind!

Wasn't it you who created the songs?

And made me sad

Fallow or virgin lands that have survived to this day are extremely rare in the Chernozem region. All of them are unique natural monuments and must be carefully protected. Among them, the protected deposits of the Stone Steppe occupy a special place. These areas were once plowed up, and then were left fallow in order to preserve the indigenous type of steppe vegetation. The oldest of them is now more than a hundred years old.
The flora here is represented by more than 800 species higher plants, belonging to 75 families. Among them, all types of feather grass, tiled fennel (wild gladiolus), tulips, thin-leaved peony, Tatarian katran, Don cinquefoil, spring adonis and a number of other plants are taken under special protection.
The steppe reserves are beautiful in May-June, when the plants bloom. The voices of birds merge with the hum of bumblebees, the buzzing of bees, and the chirping of grasshoppers. Over all the flowers and grasses of the steppe, the legendary feather grass shimmers like gray waves. These are truly living museums and laboratories, where a thoughtful scientist or simply a nature lover can learn a lot about the past and present of the steppe.

Earthen mounds in steppe reserves are a trace of the burrowing activity of the mole rat. Unlike the insectivorous mole, the rodent mole rat spends its entire life underground. Using powerful incisors, it makes galleries of passages in the soil, pushing excess soil upside down. Like all rodents, mole rats are vegetarians. Their food is roots and rhizomes herbaceous plants. Year after year, lengthening their passages and creating new mounds, mole rats loosen and turn over the top layer, improving the structure of the soil, but at the same time making haymaking difficult. If a mole rat, for some reason known to him, changes the direction of his moves from fallow lands to the field, especially to experimental crops, he becomes a malicious pest.
In fallow areas of the Kamennaya Steppe, earthen mounds are often found significantly large sizes than emissions of mole rats. These are the remains of marmot butanes.
The marmot, or boibak, is an indigenous representative of the steppe regions of our country, but due to the plowing of lands, its habitat has been greatly reduced. In the Voronezh region, the marmot lives in only two or three places, constantly exposed to danger from humans, stray dogs, Lately and wolves.

Of the other typical steppe inhabitants, quite rare birds now live on fallow lands - steppe harriers. This great friends grain grower On hot days sunny days You can spend hours watching harriers soar through the air in search of prey. And they hunt by ear. A mouse squeaks in the grass and falls like a stone. high altitude harrier and often comes with prey. The harrier flies all day long, catching mice and large insects to feed its voracious chicks.
Unmowed fallows are the only place in the Kamennaya Steppe where short-eared owls nest, making their nests on thick plant felt.
The shrubs of the unmown fallow are an ideal nesting place for the most common type of warbler - the gray warbler, shrikes, shrikes and other birds.
The organization of a regional geobotanical reserve in the Kamennaya Steppe made it possible to preserve large quantities brown hares, foxes. And since 1979, work on pheasant acclimatization began here.
The Stone Steppe has now become a place of real pilgrimage. Over the past ten years alone, more than 30 thousand tourists have visited here.

Sung by the winds,

washed by the rains,

Cheerful and loud,

Like sunny May

Responding to affection,

Open to friendship,

Bloom and show off

Voronezh region.

You are our oath

You are our worry

You are the head of the state

And her wings.

Up to the sky

The road goes away

The beginning of which

On your field.

You are our concern

And our support.

A piece of the great

Native land.

And if you say

We will move mountains too

So that villages and fields

Everything was blooming more beautifully.

2 Quiz. (work in groups)

1 Remembering the sequence of letters in the alphabet, decipher the names of plants, animals and birds found in the reserve.

12 16 3 20 13 30 – feather grass

12 1 20 18 1 15 - katran

26 17 8 15 10 12 - swordmaker

19 13 6 17 20 26 – mole rat

19 21 18 16 12 - groundhog

13 21 15 30 - harrier

19 16 3 1 - owl

19 13 1 3 12 1 - warbler

2 Where is the reserve located?

3 What are the versions of why the territory received such a name?

4 What is the name of the scientist who led the Forest Department expedition?

5 In what year was the decision made to create this protected area?

3 Summing up the event.

The reserve has an agroecological profile and was created for the conservation and restoration of environmentally protective anthropogenic forest-agrarian landscapes, as well as the conservation of rare, endangered fauna and their habitats. In this regard, any types of hunting, clear-cutting, mining, construction, reconstruction and major repairs of capital construction projects, free visits (without passes) to especially valuable objects of the reserve, travel and parking of motor vehicles outside public roads are prohibited on the territory of the reserve, carrying out recreational activities outside of specially designated places, providing land plots for individual housing construction, plowing land outside arable land, burning stubble and agricultural fires, carrying weapons and hunting tools. The protection of the territory is carried out by the state inspection using methods of foot and horse patrols, as well as patrols using vehicles and watercraft.

In terms of objects and protection purposes, the Kamennaya Steppe reserve is a unique protected area that has no analogues in Russia.

1892– “A special expedition of the Forestry Department to test various methods and techniques of forestry and water management in the steppes of Russia” under the leadership of V.V. Dokuchaev (1892-1898) carried out a unique experiment to protect steppe agriculture from catastrophic storms and droughts. In one of the driest areas central Russia the formation of an optimized southern forest-steppe agricultural landscape has begun.

1899– the Kamenno-Steppe experimental forestry was organized (the first forester was G.F. Morozov), which was involved in testing various types of trees and shrubs in forest belts.

1911– three scientific institutions were organized in the Kamennaya Steppe: Kamennaya-Steppe Experimental Station named after. V.V. Dokuchaeva, Bobrovsky Zemsky Experimental Field and Steppe Experimental Station of the Bureau of Applied Botany.

1912– on deposits of different ages by the Scientific Council of the Kamenno-Steppe Experimental Station named after. V.V. Dokuchaev introduced haymaking, grazing and absolutely reserved (unmown) regimes.

1927- an arboretum was founded, in 1929 - an arboretum. Research has begun on the introduction of trees and shrubs.

July 5, 1930. – steppe deposits of various ages and economic use and the Arboretumnaya gully are declared reserves on the basis of the Decree of the administration of the Voronezh region.

May 15, 1944– the territory of the Kameno-Steppe State Breeding Station was given the status of a scientific reserve (Decision of the Executive Committee of the Voronezh Regional Council of Workers' Deputies No. 8058).

1946– for stationary research of the Stone Steppe, a zonal Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Emergency Plant named after. V.V. Dokuchaev, in 1956 it was reorganized into the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Private Enterprise named after. V.V. Dokuchaeva.

October 18, 1968– Decision of the Voronezh Regional Executive Committee No. 872 “On the creation of the botanical reserve “Kamennaya Steppe” on an area of ​​6 thousand hectares.”

May 13, 1982– Decision of the Voronezh Regional Executive Committee No. 344 “On the state hunting reserve “Kamennaya Steppe” on an area of ​​15 thousand hectares.”

May 25, 1996– Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 639 “On the establishment of the state nature reserve “Kamennaya Steppe” of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of the Russian Federation.”

March 26, 2009– an Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation was issued, on the basis of which the protection of the territory of the state natural reserve of federal significance “Kamennaya Steppe”, as well as measures to preserve biological diversity and maintain protected natural complexes and objects in their natural state in the territory of the reserve, are carried out by the Federal State Institution “ Voronezh State Natural Biosphere Reserve.

Particularly valuable natural objects

Many objects on the territory of the Kamennaya Steppe protected area are of anthropogenic-natural origin. They were created to optimize land use in arid climates. After a long period of time since their creation, man-made systems of forest belts, ponds and fallow lands function as natural objects - unique examples of an optimized landscape.

Description

The Kamennaya Steppe nature reserve is located south of the regional center Talovaya, in the Talovsky district in the southeast of the Voronezh region. The territory of the protected area is located in the Bityuzh-Khoper interfluve - on the watershed of the Chigly (a tributary of the Bityug) and Elani (a tributary of the Khopra) rivers. According to landscape-geographical zoning, the territory is located in the Forest-Steppe province Forest-steppe zone in the very north of the Southern Bityu-Khopersky region of the typical forest-steppe of the Oka-Don Plain. The territory borders the Kalach ravine-gully southern forest-steppe region of the Central Russian Upland.

According to scientists, the first settlements in this territory appeared in the 18th century. Before this, the place was completely free and untouched by people.

In the 19th century in the current territory Stone steppe (Voronezh region) started massive logging forests, fishing and destruction of animals. As a result of such destructive actions, the land became infertile, and both rivers dried up.

Drought and famine then hit all the villages that were nearby. Since then the name arose Stone steppe.

Scientists led by V.V. could not allow the complete destruction of the territory. Dokuchaev. Beginning in 1892, they took on the work that saved Stone steppe. Voronezh region I was again able to be proud of the beauty of my lands. Scientists have planted several forest belts along ravines and rivers. The creation of deposits was organized. These are, in fact, those plowed parts that should subsequently turn into fertile fields.

In 1996 Stone steppe of Talovsky district, Voronezh region received the status of a federal nature reserve.

Thousands of people come here every year to enjoy the clean air and incredible natural scenery of this place. Here you can get acquainted with dozens of different species of animals, hundreds of different birds. More than 800 species grow beautifully in the reserve various plants. Stone steppe (Talovaya) can be proud of numerous valuable objects, including the Khorolskaya Balka, the Dokuchaev Sea and others.

Photo and video

Stone steppe

The Stone Steppe is a nature reserve covering an area of ​​5232.00 hectares. It is located in the Voronezh region in the Talovsky district on the watershed of two rivers called Bityuga and Khopra.
The first settlers on this territory appeared at the beginning of the 18th century. At that time there was an untouched steppe, partially occupied by forest belts. By the end of the 19th century, due to deforestation, destruction of animals, plowing of virgin lands and grazing of livestock, the rivers became shallow, the land became barren, and the climate changed: in summer there was severe drought and dry winds, in winter there were strong snowstorms. As a result, the peasants' fields burned to the ground in the summer. In those years, due to droughts, famine began, taking thousands of lives to their graves. It was then that the steppe was nicknamed Kamennaya by the people.

In 1892, its restoration began thanks to scientists led by V.V. Dokuchaev. They proposed planting forest belts along fields, ravines and ravines, as well as along river banks; a system of artificial ponds was created to mitigate the climate. In 1885, the organization of deposits began. What is a deposit? This is a plowed plot of land (arable land), which was previously used, but then for several years, starting in the fall, was not cultivated or used for sowing crops to restore its fertility.

Since 1912, the deposits of the reserve have been in an untouched state for viewing the dynamics of vegetation growth. And since 1996, the Kamennaya Steppe received the status of a state nature reserve of federal significance.

Currently, the reserve consists of clean ponds, fields bordered by forest belts and deposits untouched for more than a hundred years. Dozens of different animals, hundreds of bird species, and more than 800 species of different plants live here, not counting those planted by people. Valuable natural objects and attractions are: the landscape complex “Khorolskaya Balka”, the landscape complex “Sukhoprudnaya Balka”, the upper reservoir (Dokuchaevskoe Sea), the system of old-growth Dokuchaevsky forest belts and the colony of marmots - boibaks.

Hotels near the attraction "Kamennaya Steppe Nature Reserve":

“Stone Steppe” is located in the Talovsky district on the watershed of the two rivers Bityug and Khoper. In 1996, these lands, more than 5 thousand hectares, received the status of an integrated state nature reserve of federal significance, and in 2009 they passed into the operational management of the Voronezh Nature Reserve.

Whoever hears the name “Stone Steppe” for the first time probably imagines a harsh, rocky area devoid of any vegetation. A little over 100 years ago, this is exactly what happened: practical human activity led to severe droughts, the steppe almost lost its black soil and turned into a lifeless “desert.” Today, the “Stone Steppe” is fields bordered by forest belts, clean ponds and protected deposits.

The restoration of the area began at the end of the 19th century. A group of scientists led by the founder of the study of soil Vasily Dokuchaev set up a unique experiment to protect steppe agriculture. They were the first to land forest strips To strengthen ravines, beams, and retain snow, artificial reservoirs were created. And today, in what was previously one of the driest regions of central Russia, we can not only admire the southern forest-steppe agricultural landscape, but also enjoy the fruits of the labors of Dokuchaev and his successors. Once created by human hands, today the “Stone Steppe” has become a unique example of an optimized landscape.

We inherited from Dokuchaev a well for measuring groundwater, which today is a monument to the history of the Voronezh region. Next to the well there is a sign with a graph showing the dynamics of changes in groundwater levels over more than a century of observation.

This year, the natural monument was put in order by employees of the Voronezh Nature Reserve. As the senior state inspector in the field of environmental protection said Yuri KudryashoV , last time The well was repaired a quarter of a century ago: “We replaced the upper part of the well and the canopy above it, cut down the bushes and cleared the area around of dead wood. Students from the Stone-Steppe School helped restore order; the kids painted the fence and cleaned up the area around it.”

Together with schoolchildren, state inspectors have more than once cleared the shore of the Dokuchaevsky Reservoir from debris and fed birds in winter. For more than three years, security department employees have been fighting to ensure that vacationers and local residents did not litter on the territory of the protected area. But this daily exhausting work was worth it. Now the banks of rivers, ponds and reservoirs (most of which are of artificial origin) are pristine, and gray herons nest in the thickets.

At the end of June, when the 11th exhibition - a demonstration of agricultural machinery and technology "Voronezh Field Day" - was held in the "Stone Steppe", the operational group of the Voronezh Nature Reserve monitored order and peace in the territory of the reserve. The task force ensured compliance with the rules provided for the specially protected natural area.

Today in the “Stone Steppe” there are more than 800 species of plants, and about 130 species of birds are found. The steppe is inhabited by ferrets, martens and hamsters, roe deer, foxes and hares, there is also a colony of marmots - bobaks, in total there are about 30 species of animals.

As a result of the Voronezh Field Day, not a single plant, animal or bird was harmed.

Information: On the territory of the Kamennaya Steppe reserve, any types of hunting, clear-cutting, mining, construction, reconstruction and major repairs of capital construction projects, free visits (without passes) to especially valuable objects of the reserve, travel and parking of motor vehicles off public roads are prohibited. use, carrying out recreational activities outside specially designated areas, providing land plots for individual housing construction, plowing land outside arable land, burning stubble and agricultural fires, carrying weapons and hunting tools. The protection of the territory is carried out by the state inspection using foot and horse patrols, as well as patrols using vehicles and watercraft.