Golden mountains of Altai. Presentation on the theme of the Altai mountains Landscapes, flora and fauna of Altai

The total area of ​​the protected zone is sq. km. It includes, in particular, such significant geographic features like Mount Belukha and Lake Teletskoye. Belukha-Teletskoe The choice of these territories is due to the fact that they, in their totality, most fully represent the alternation of zones of alpine vegetation in Siberia: steppe, forest-steppe, mixed forests, subalpine and alpine belts. steppe forest-steppe mixed forests

The climate of Altai is continental, rather severe. Winter in the conditions of the high atmospheric pressure(Asian anticyclone) cold and long. The average January t is from 15°С (in the foothills) to 28, 32°С in the intermountain basins of the Central Altai, where temperature inversions(the absolute minimum in the Chui "steppe" is 60°C).

The mountainous relief that arose after the Hercynian orogeny was flattened during the Mesozoic, accompanied by the formation of a weathering crust. At the end of the Paleogene, a weak, gradually increasing dome uplift resumed, which intensified at the end of the Neogene and the beginning of the Anthropogen.

"Ecology of the Astrakhan region" - The area of ​​land occupied by landfills. Motor transport. Ways to solve the problem. Solid household waste. Ecological problems atmosphere Astrakhan region. Pollution atmospheric air. The level of air pollution. Sources of pollution. Industry. Priority air pollutants.

""South Africa" ​​geography" - President of South Africa. Economy. Coat of arms Republic of South Africa. George Pemba. Interior regions of South Africa. South Africa has a variety of climatic zones. Animal world SOUTH AFRICA. Religion. Interesting Facts about South Africa. Industries National economy. Thomas Baynes. Capital. Population. Vegetable world SOUTH AFRICA. Art. Story. Geography. The words of the South African anthem. Republic of South Africa.

"State of Arizona" - Climate. Economy. A significant part of the territory of the state falls on the mountains, plateaus. State of Arizona. Geography. Story. Content. Colorado. Population. Etymology.

"Nature Protection of Kazakhstan" - Meaning. Types of animals. Plants. scientific significance. forest resources. Tiger. Protection of the animal world. Number of vertebrate species. Endemics. Red Data Book of Kazakhstan. Problems of protection of plants and animals in Kazakhstan. Nature of Kazakhstan. Security measures. Forest. Plant protection. Reduction of species.

"Coal" - The age of the most ancient coals is estimated at about 350 million years. The largest promising deposits. Artificial graphite is obtained from coal. In England in 1735 they learned how to smelt iron on coke. The use of coal is varied. Coal. Brown coal. Very promising is the combustion (hydrogenation) of coal with the formation liquid fuel. Coal. In 2004, production was: SUEK - 74.5 million tons.

"Wedding traditions of the Tatars" - Rite of caress. Bridal show. home decorating ceremony. Soup. Features of the wedding. Tests for the groom. Toastmaster. Wedding traditions of the Tatar people. offerings. Chak-chak. Matchmaking. Nikah. Son-in-law pancakes. Engagement and collusion. Bride ransom.

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Altai mountains

Altai mountains - represent complex system the highest ranges in Siberia, separated by deep river valleys and vast intra-mountain and intermountain basins.

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Location.

The mountain system is located where the borders of Russia, Mongolia, China and Kazakhstan converge. It is divided into Southern Altai (Southwestern), Southeastern Altai and Eastern Altai, Central Altai, Northern and Northeastern Altai, Northwestern Altai.

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Origin of name.

The origin of the name "Altai" is associated with the Turkic-Mongolian word "altyn", meaning "gold", "golden".

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There are three main types of relief in Altai: the surface of the residual ancient peneplain, alpine-type glacial high-mountain relief and mid-mountain relief.

Alpine relief in Altai rises above the surface of the ancient peneplain and occupies more high areas ridges Katunsky, Chuisky, Kuraisky, Sailyugem, Chikhachev, Shapshalsky, Southern Altai, Sarymsakty. Alpine relief is less common than the surface of the ancient peneplain. Ridges with alpine landforms are their most elevated axial parts (up to 4000-4500 m), strongly dissected by erosion and frost weathering.

The ancient peneplain is a high mountain range with a wide development of leveling surfaces and steep, stepped slopes modified by regressive erosion.

The mid-mountain relief has heights from 800 to 1800-2000 m and occupies more than half of the territory of Altai. The upper limit of the distribution of the mid-mountain relief is limited by the plane of the ancient peneplain, but this boundary is not sharp. The relief here is characterized by smoothed, rounded forms of low ridges and their spurs, separated by river valleys.

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In the highlands there are also plateaus. The Ulagan plateau is an alpine plain with a wavy, slightly indented surface. The Ukok Plateau and the Chulyshman Plateau have a more dissected relief, formed as a result of glacial and partially erosional processes.

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Altai caves.

There are about 300 caves in Altai: there are many of them in the Charysh, Anui, Katun basins. One of interesting caves- Bolshaya Pryamukhinskaya, 320 m long. It is located on the right bank of the Pryamukha spring, the left tributary of the Yarovka, which flows into the Inya. The entrance to the cave is through a shaft with a depth of 40 m. The longest cave in Altai - Museum, more than 700 m, is located near the village of Karakol, on the right bank of the Karakol, the left tributary of the Anui. The cave has two entrances through wells 17-20 m deep. In the Museum Cave there are various sinter forms - stalactites and stalagmites.

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The Altai Mountains are gradually destroyed under the influence of the forces of nature: heat and frost, snow and rain, wind and flowing waters crush and carry away the upper layers, exposing dense crystalline rocks - granites, porphyries, marble. The stone peaks are cracking into huge, disorderly heaped pieces. Scree, consisting of small detrital material, descends along the slopes of the mountains.

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Altai - golden mountains. Altai is the highest mountains in Siberia. The highest peak of Belukha, its height is 4506 m

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Altai is a large mountainous region located in the central part of the country. In the north and northwest, it borders on the Kuznetsk Alatau, the Salair Ridge, Mountain Shoria and the West Siberian Plain. In the east, Altai adjoins the Western Sayan and Tuva. The picture of the mountain structures of Altai has the shape of a fan, turned to the west and northwest. Altai is divided into Central, Northwestern, Northeastern and Eastern.

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1. Before Paleozoic era and at its beginning, in the place of the whole mountainous country in question, there was a vast sea.

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2. By the end of the Paleozoic, a high folded mountainous country formed on the site of modern Altai. Hercynian folding

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3. Throughout mesozoic era(several tens of millions of years) Altai mountainous country from the action external forces continuously destroyed and turned into an undulating plain.

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4. In Cenozoic era, when all the main features of the modern relief were formed, including mountain systems(Himalayas, Caucasus), Earth's crust on the site of Altai it was broken by faults into numerous blocks. Some blocks began to rise, forming mountain ranges, others descended, forming wide valleys, hollows. During the formation of faults, molten rocks rose along them, during the slow solidification of which metal ores were released.

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5. Subsequently, blocks of mountains were cut by flowing waters and glaciers. In the transformation of relief into ice ages the leading role belonged to glaciers, in interglacials and at present - to flowing waters.

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Main watershed ranges Altai are mostly composed of granites, granite gneisses, mica schists and crystalline limestones.

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muddy water with a terrible roar and great speed, it rushes down a narrow rocky channel, dragging everything that comes in its way. Huge trees water breaks like thin sticks, crumbles them, carries them down.

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Large boulders that are beyond the power of dozens of people, the water easily rolls along the bottom of the channel.

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Rivers from the gorges are often cut off by waterfalls and cascades of waterfalls. Cutting through the mountain ranges, water on its way meets rocks of different strength, forming waterfalls, as a result of which the riverbed acquires a stepped character. There are countless waterfalls in Altai.

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Teletskoye Lake is located at an altitude of 436 m, in a narrow depression 77 km long and 1-6 km wide. Its greatest depth is 325 m. This gives reason to consider the lake the second deepest after Baikal. Depending on the inflow of river waters, the level of the lake changes, falling in winter and rising in summer.

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Flora of Altai consists of 1840 species. It includes alpine, forest and steppe forms. 212 endemic species are known, which is 11.5%. In the northwestern and northern foothills, the steppes of the plains pass into mountain steppes and forest-steppes. On the slopes of the mountains dominated by a forest belt, changing on the highest ridges to subalpine belts, alpine meadows and mountain tundra, over which for many high peaks glaciers are located.

The total area of ​​the protected zone is 16178 sq. km. It includes, in particular, such significant geographical objects as Mount Belukha and Lake Teletskoye. Within the buffer zone there are some places of discovery of Pazyryk burial grounds. The choice of these territories is due to the fact that they, in their totality, most fully represent the alternation of zones of alpine vegetation in Siberia: steppe, forest-steppe, mixed forests, subalpine and alpine belts. In addition, the significance of these areas for the conservation of populations of such rare animals as the irbis, the Siberian ibex and the Altai argali was taken into account. The World Conservation Union expresses concern that, despite the inclusion of these areas in the list world heritage, which should guarantee them a special protected status, poaching continues to flourish here. Ecologists are also concerned about the construction of a gas pipeline and a high-speed highway from Kosh-Agach through Ukok to China.

The height of the Altai mountains ranges from 1500 to 1750 meters. The region of the Altai mountains is simply dotted with large and small lakes. Lakes are located both at the foot of the mountains and at a height. For example, Lake Uvs Nuur is located at a distance of 720 meters above sea level. In the northwest of the Altai Mountains, the elevations are steep and high. Here it is highest mountain in Russia - two-pointed Belukha. One peak of Mount Belukha is located at an altitude of 4506 meters, and the other at an altitude of 4440 meters.

The Katun River In the southwest of the Altai Mountains lies the valley of the Katun River. Katun, bending widely, descends from the Altai Mountains and flows into the Biya River. Here is one of the most beautiful places in Altai. Not far from the Katun there is Lake Kolyvan. The lake is surrounded by walls of rocks and mountains, covered with legends and is known for its inhabitants - masters of stone-cutting.

And in the northeast of Altai, there is a huge Teletskoye Lake, which is under the protection of UNESCO. Along the eastern shore of the lake there is a nature reserve, rich nature which amazes even the seasoned tourist. There is rare species animals - Snow Leopard, or, for example, Altai argali.

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