What geographical features are named after travelers? Question: What geographical objects are named after Russian travelers

I always loved geography and history in school. I read a lot of books about travelers and about their finds, watched films, was interested in scientific discoveries. I was surprised by the people who went on all sorts of expeditions. Particularly struck Russian commander Vitus Bering. In my opinion, he was a strikingly unique person.

Bering - Russian Dane

Bering Ivan Ivanovich (this is in Russia, but in fact Vitus Ionassen), although he was born and studied in Denmark, became an officer in the Russian fleet. He lived during reign of Peter I when it started to develop Russian fleet and new lands began to be explored. It was Peter who sent Bering's first expedition to the east to find an isthmus between the continents: ours and North America. This same Vitas, traveling for two years with the first scientific marine expedition, made a map and wrote eastern north of Asia.

What geographical features are named after Bering

It was a sin not to name such a discoverer some geographic features . And so:

Some plants of Kamchatka, streets in cities, Chukchi village, plane, ship, university. His name became brand even Danish hours.

In 1970, a film (practically, a biography) “The Ballad of Bering and His Friends” was shot about the navigator. With the discoveries of Bering and his expeditions, stamps and coins were issued.

In addition, there are other places that are named after Bering's ships or the names of his associates:

• Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky(in honor of the ships "St. Peter" and "St. Paul");
• Shumaginsky Islands(belong to America, named after a sailor who died on the expedition);
• St. Lawrence Island(Bering so named him in honor of the day of this saint. It was on this day that Bering arrived on the island).

Just an amazing person was this navigator and discoverer. Even died on the expedition.

Russian travelers made a huge contribution to the history of geographical discoveries and research the globe. Many geographic features of the Earth are named after them. These are Cape Dezhnev, Cape Chelyuskin, the sea, the sea, the Kruzenshtern Strait, Lisyansky Island, the Przhevalsky Ridge, the Bellingshausen Sea, the Miklukho-Maclay coast, the Obruchev volcano, the Semyonov glacier and many others. Scientific research Russian discoverers, the accurate detailed maps they compiled had great importance for the development of the geography of the whole world.

Dezhnev's expedition left the mouth of the Siberian Kolyma River to the east on June 20, 1648. She was faced with the task of discovering new lands, studying the hydrographic network of the Far Northeast and the coast of the Arctic Ocean. Having sailed around, in September the expedition rounded Cape Bolshoy Kamenny Nos (now it is named after Dezhnev). The results exceeded all expectations: Semyon Dezhnev not only made new ones, but also delivered blueprints of new territories to his homeland. Subsequently, one of the bays of the Bering Sea, a mountain range and a village on the Amur River were named after him.

In 1697-1699, the Russian pioneer Vladimir Atlasov (c. 1661/64 - 1711) discovered new lands. At the same time, the first Russian settlement was founded there.

In 1711 and 1713, Ivan Kozyrevsky visited the Kuril Islands (born around 1680 - the year of death is unknown).

Russian navigators, along with European ones, are the most famous pioneers who discovered new continents, sections of mountain ranges and vast water areas.

They became the discoverers of significant geographical objects, took the first steps in the development of hard-to-reach territories, and traveled around the world. So who are they - the conquerors of the seas, and what exactly did the world learn about thanks to them?

Afanasy Nikitin - the very first Russian traveler

Afanasy Nikitin is rightfully considered the first Russian traveler who managed to visit India and Persia (1468-1474, according to other sources 1466-1472). On the way back he visited Somalia, Turkey, Muscat. On the basis of his travels, Athanasius compiled the notes "Journey Beyond the Three Seas", which became popular and unique historical and literary aids. These records became the first book in the history of Russia, made not in the format of a story about a pilgrimage, but describing the political, economic and cultural features of the territories.

Afanasy Nikitin

He was able to prove that even as a member of a poor peasant family, one can become a famous explorer and traveler. Streets, embankments in several Russian cities, ship, passenger train and aircraft.

Semyon Dezhnev, who founded the Anadyr prison

Cossack chieftain Semyon Dezhnev was an Arctic navigator who became the discoverer of a number of geographical objects. Wherever Semyon Ivanovich served, everywhere he sought to study the new and previously unknown. He was even able to cross the East Siberian Sea on a makeshift koch, going from Indigirka to Alazeya.

In 1643, as part of a detachment of explorers, Semyon Ivanovich discovered Kolyma, where he founded the city of Srednekolymsk with his associates. A year later, Semyon Dezhnev continued his expedition, walked along the Bering Strait (which did not yet have this name) and discovered the easternmost point of the mainland, later named Cape Dezhnev. An island, a peninsula, a bay, a village also bear his name.

Semyon Dezhnev

In 1648, Dezhnev set off again. His ship was wrecked in the waters located in the southern part of the Anadyr River. Having reached on skis, the sailors went up the river and stayed there for the winter. Subsequently, this place appeared on geographical maps and was called the Anadyr prison. As a result of the expedition, the traveler was able to make detailed descriptions, make a map of those places.

Vitus Jonassen Bering, who organized expeditions to Kamchatka

Two Kamchatka expeditions inscribed the names of Vitus Bering and his associate Alexei Chirikov in the history of marine discoveries. During the first trip, the navigators conducted research and were able to supplement the geographical atlas with objects located in Northeast Asia and on the Pacific coast of Kamchatka.

The discovery of the Kamchatka and Ozerny peninsulas, the bays of Kamchatsky, the Cross, the Karaginsky, the Bay of Conduct, the island of St. Lawrence are also the merit of Bering and Chirikov. At the same time, another strait was found and described, which later became known as the Bering Strait.

Vitus Bering

The second expedition was undertaken by them in order to find a way to North America and explore the Pacific Islands. On this journey, Bering and Chirikov founded the Peter and Paul prison. It got its name from the combined names of their ships ("Saint Peter" and "Saint Paul") and subsequently became the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

On the approach to the shores of America, ships of like-minded people lost sight of each other, affected heavy fog. "Saint Peter", driven by Bering, sailed to the west coast of America, but got into a severe storm on the way back - the ship was thrown onto an island. The last minutes of Vitus Bering's life passed on it, and the island subsequently began to bear his name. Chirikov also reached America on his ship, but successfully completed his voyage, finding on way back several islands of the Aleutian ridge.

Khariton and Dmitry Laptev and their “named” sea

Cousins ​​Khariton and Dmitry Laptev were like-minded and assistants of Vitus Bering. It was he who appointed Dmitry the commander of the Irkutsk ship, and Khariton led his double-boat Yakutsk. They took part in the Great Northern Expedition, the purpose of which was to study and accurately describe and map the Russian shores of the ocean, from Yugorsky Shar to Kamchatka.

Each of the brothers made a significant contribution to the development of new territories. Dmitry became the first navigator to survey the coast from the mouth of the Lena to the mouth of the Kolyma. He made detailed maps of these places, based on mathematical calculations and astronomical data.

Khariton and Dmitry Laptev

Khariton Laptev and his associates conducted research on the northernmost section of the coast of Siberia. It was he who determined the size and shape of the huge Taimyr Peninsula - he surveyed its eastern coast, and was able to identify the exact coordinates of the coastal islands. The expedition took place in difficult conditions - a large number of ice, snowstorms, scurvy, ice captivity - Khariton Laptev's team had to endure a lot. But they continued the work they had begun. On this expedition, Laptev's assistant Chelyuskin discovered the cape, which was later named after him.

Noting the great contribution of the Laptevs to the development of new territories, members of the Russian Geographical Society decided to name one of them after them. largest seas Arctic. Also, the strait between the mainland and Bolshoi Lyakhovsky Island is named after Dmitry, and the western coast of Taimyr Island bears the name of Khariton.

Kruzenshtern and Lisyansky - organizers of the first Russian circumnavigation

Ivan Kruzenshtern and Yuri Lisyansky are the first Russian navigators to circumnavigate the world. Their expedition lasted three years (started in 1803 and ended in 1806). They set off with their teams on two ships, which bore the names "Nadezhda" and "Neva". Travelers passed through Atlantic Ocean entered the waters of the Pacific Ocean. On them, sailors sailed to the Kuril Islands, Kamchatka and Sakhalin.

Ivan Kruzenshtern

This journey made it possible to collect important information. Based on the data obtained by navigators, a detailed map Pacific Ocean. Another important result of the first Russian round-the-world expedition was the data obtained on the flora and fauna of the Kuriles and Kamchatka, local residents their customs and cultural traditions.

During their journey, the sailors crossed the equator and, according to maritime traditions, could not leave this event without a well-known ritual - a sailor dressed as Neptune greeted Krusenstern and asked why his ship arrived where the Russian flag had never been. To which he received the answer that they are here solely for the glory and development of national science.

Vasily Golovnin - the first navigator who was rescued from Japanese captivity

Russian navigator Vasily Golovnin led two round-the-world expeditions. In 1806, being in the rank of lieutenant, he received a new appointment and became the commander of the sloop "Diana". Interestingly, this is the only case in the history of the Russian fleet when a lieutenant was entrusted with the management of a ship.

The leadership set the goal of the round-the-world expedition to study the northern part of the Pacific Ocean, with special attention to that part of it that is within the native country. The path of "Diana" was not easy. The sloop passed the island of Tristan da Cunha, passed the Cape of Hope and entered the port, which belonged to the British. Here the ship was detained by the authorities. The British informed Golovnin about the outbreak of war between the two countries. Russian ship was not declared captured, but the team was not allowed to leave the bay. After spending more than a year in this position, in mid-May 1809, the Diana, led by Golovnin, tried to escape, which the sailors successfully succeeded in - the ship arrived in Kamchatka.

Vasily Golovin

Golovnin received his next responsible task in 1811 - he was supposed to compile descriptions of the Shantar and Kuril Islands, the shores of the Tatar Strait. During his journey, he was accused of not adhering to the principles of sakoku and was captured by the Japanese for more than 2 years. It was possible to rescue the crew from captivity only thanks to the good relations of one of the Russian naval officers and an influential Japanese merchant, who was able to convince his government of the harmless intentions of the Russians. It is worth noting that no one in history has ever returned from Japanese captivity before.

In 1817-1819, Vasily Mikhailovich made another round-the-world trip on the Kamchatka ship specially built for this.

Thaddeus Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev - discoverers of Antarctica

Captain of the second rank Thaddeus Bellingshausen was determined to find the truth about the existence of the sixth continent. In 1819, he went to the open sea, carefully preparing two sloops - Mirny and Vostok. The latter was commanded by his associate Mikhail Lazarev. The first round-the-world Antarctic expedition set itself other tasks. In addition to finding irrefutable facts confirming or refuting the existence of Antarctica, travelers were going to explore the waters of three oceans - the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian.

Thaddeus Bellingshausen

The results of this expedition exceeded all expectations. During the 751 days that it lasted, Bellingshausen and Lazarev were able to make several significant geographical discoveries. Of course, the most important of them is the existence of Antarctica, it is historical event happened on January 28, 1820. Also during the trip, about two dozen islands were found and mapped, sketches were created with views of Antarctica, images of representatives of the Antarctic fauna.

Mikhail Lazarev

Interestingly, attempts to discover Antarctica were made more than once, but none of them were successful. European navigators believed that either it did not exist, or it was located in places that simply could not be reached by sea. But the Russian travelers had enough perseverance and determination, so the names of Bellingshausen and Lazarev are included in the lists of the greatest navigators in the world.

1. Cape Litke - located on the northwest coast of the island New Earth. Named in 1913 by members of the expedition of G. Ya. Sedov in honor of F. P. Litke.

Litke Strait- is located in the south - western part of the Bering Sea in the Karaginsky Bay between the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Karaginsky skeleton.

Litke Fedor Petrovich (1797-1882)- Admiral, circumnavigator, one of the initiators of the creation of the Russian Geographical Society and its first leader, president Russian Academy Sci., explorer of Novaya Zemlya, Polynesia, northern shores of the Pacific Ocean. Litke's name adorns the map in 17 places. Established in 1872 Golden medal named after Litke, awarded for outstanding work in the field of geography.

2. Borzov Bay - is located in the Barents Sea off the northwestern coast of the northern island of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago, protrudes into the land between the Litke and Pankratiev straits. Examined in 913 by G. Ya. Sedov. He also named the Gulf of Tsesarevich Alexei. In 1946, it was renamed by the expedition of the Aerogeodesic Administration in honor of A. A. Borzov. A volcano in the Kuriles is named in his honor, glaciers in Eastern Siberia, Subpolar Urals, Novaya Zemlya.

Borzov Alexander Alexandrovich (1874-1939)- Prominent geographer and teacher high school, a student of D. N. Anuchin, his successor and head of the Moscow School of Geographers, one of the organizers of the geographical departments at Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow State Pedagogical Institute (MPGU), head of the department of geography at MIIGAiK, editor of the well-known journal Earth Science.

3. Pakhtusov Island - the main island in the group of islands of the same name located in the Kara Sea near east coast archipelago Novaya Zemlya. Approximately 21 sq. km, rocky, uneven surface with steeply ending banks up to 50 m. It was discovered in 1835 by members of the expedition on the schooner "Krotov" and named in 1934 in honor of P.K. Pakhtusov. Banks in the Kara and Barents Seas, a mountain on Svalbard, a nunatak in Antarctica, a strait near Novaya Zemlya and islands in the Kara and Japan Seas are named after him.

Pakhtusov Petr Kuzmich (1800-1835)- Lieutenant of the corps of naval navigators, explorer of the Barents, Kara Seas and the Novaya Zemlya archipelago. Participated in hydrographic expeditions that made an inventory of the Barents Sea.

4. Sheep Strait - separates the islands of Oleny and Sibiryakov, opens the passage to the Yenisei Bay of the Kara Sea, Named in 1895 by A. I. Velkitsky by the name of D. L. Ovtsyn.

Ovtsyn Dmitry Leontievich (dates of birth and death unknown)- Russian explorer, a member of the great Northern expedition, who described the shores of the Kara Sea. A cape on the Yamal Peninsula and a nunatak in Antarctica bear his name.

5. Sibiryakov Island - located in the Kara Sea, in the Yenisei Bay. Named in 1876 by A. E. Nordsheld in honor of a friend of A. M. Sibiryakov.

Sibiryakov Alexander Mikhailovich (1849-1933)- Russian entrepreneur, initiator of the development of the Great Northern Route, organizer of many expeditions. The ship "Sibiryakov" is named after him, famous for its drift in the Arctic Ocean and who died in an unequal battle with the German cruiser "Admiral Shire" on 08/25/1942. In honor of the Siberians, a bank in the Barents Sea and irrigation in the Kara Sea are named.

6. Ushakov Island - located in the northern part of the Kara Sea. It was discovered in 1935 by the GUSMP expedition on the icebreaking steamer Sadko. At the same time, at the suggestion of N. N. Zubov, who later became a prominent polar explorer, he was named after the leader of the expedition, G. A. Ushakov.

Ushakov Georgy Alekseevich (1901-1963)is a well-known polar explorer. Member of the expeditions of V. K. Arseniev Ussuri taiga, in years civil war ruled the Wrangel and Herold Islands. In the 1930s, he participated in mapping the coast of Severnaya Zemlya, which had been started by the hydrographic expedition of the Arctic Ocean in 1910-1915. Two capes and mountains in Antarctica are also named after him.

7. Schmidt Island - located in the Kara Sea near Severnaya Zemlya. It was discovered in 1930 by an expedition on board the icebreaking ship "Georgy Sedov" under the leadership of O. Yu. Schmidt. Then he was named after the name of the head.

Cape Schmidt- is located on the northern coast of the Chukotka Peninsula, at the eastern entrance to the Long Strait.

Schmidt Otto Yulievich (1891-1956) – Soviet mathematician, Arctic explorer, academician. Head of several polar expeditions aimed at discovering the Northern Sea Route and exploring the Central Arctic. In 1929-1930 he led an expedition on the Georgy Sedov, in 1932 on the Sibiryakov, in 1933-1934 on the Chelyuskin. Prepared and organized with ID Papanin research at station SP-1.

8. Cape Berga - is located on the northeast coast of the island of the October Revolution of the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago.

Volcano Berga- is located on the island of Urup in the group of the Kuril Islands. The name of Berg was given to a peak and a glacier in the Pamirs, a cape on Severnaya Zemlya, a glacier in the Dzungarian Alatau. Berg's name is also included in Latin names over 60 animals and plants.

Berg Lev Semenovich (1876-1950)- the largest geographer-country expert, biologist, limnologist, climatologist, historian - geographer. It is difficult to name any of the geographical disciplines, critical issues which would not have received in his writings a deep and original development. Berg is one of the organizers of the Faculty of Geography of the Leningrad (St. Petersburg) University. Since 1940 - President of the Geographical Society of the USSR.

9. Shokalsky Strait - located in the Kara Sea near Severnaya Zemlya. In 1931, the Ushakov-Urvantsev expedition established that this was the strait, behind which the name given by the discoverers by the name of Yu. M. Shokalsky was left.

Shokalsky Island- the first is located in the Kara Sea near the Gulf of Ob. Opened in 1874 by the English captain D. Wiggins, he named Cherny Island. In 1922, the participants of the Kom sowing sea route expedition on the Agnes schooner named it in honor of the Agnes ship. In 1926, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee named him by the name of Yu. M. Shokalsky. The second island is located in the Barents Sea. It was surveyed in 1902 by a hydrographic expedition on the Pakhtusov steamer.

Shokalsky Yuri Mikhailovich (1856-1940)- an outstanding geographer, oceanographer and cartographer, president of the Geographical Society, honorary member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, professor at the Naval Academy and Leningrad University. He created the most famous oceanographic school with more than 2000 students. For 60 years of scientific work, he created many works, among which world fame received it "Oceanography" (1974). The textbook "Physical Geography" (1930) is well known. More than a dozen geographical objects are named in his honor: two islands, a strait, a current, a ridge, a cape, a bank, a glacier and an underwater ridge, as well as an oceanographic vessel.

10. Vilkitsky Strait - connects the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea. It separates the Taimyr Peninsula and the Bolshevik Island in the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago. Named in 1914.

Vilkitsky Boris Andreevich (1885-1961) -Russian naval officer, Arctic explorer. Led a geographical expedition on the icebreakers "Taimyr" and "Vaigach". The strait between Cape Chelyuskin and the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago is named after him.

11. Cape Chelyuskin - the extreme northern tip of Asia, located on the Taimyr Peninsula, juts out into the Kara Sea. The Vilkitsky Strait was discovered and mapped in 1742 by midshipman Semyon Ivanovich Chelyuskin (Chelyustkin). At the suggestion of A.F. Meddendorf in 1843, the cape was named after the discoverer. The islands in the Taimyr Bay and the Kara Sea, the peninsula in Taimyr, as well as the legendary steamship Chelyuskin, which sank in the ice, also bear his name. A peninsula in Antarctica and a mountain on Sakhalin Island are also named in honor of the heroic Chelyuskinites.

Chelyuskin Semyon Ivanovich (dates of birth and death unknown)- Russian naval officer, member of the Great Northern Expedition. He surveyed the western coast of the Taimyr Peninsula, on August 1, 1742, he was able to map the northern tip of Asia - the historical Promontorium Tobin, later called Cape Chelyuskin.

12. Laptev Sea - marginal sea of ​​the Arctic Ocean, bounded from the west by the eastern shores of the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago and the Taimyr Peninsula, from the east - by the meridian of 139 ° east longitude from the edge of the continental shelf to the northern tip of Kotelny Island, the western one of the Lyakhovsky Islands.

Shore of Khariton Laptev- a narrow coastal strip along the northwestern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula between the Pyasina and Taimyr rivers.

Strait of Dmitry Laptev- connects the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea. Separates Bolshoi Lyakhovsky Island from the northern coast of Asia.

Laptev, Khariton Prokofievich and Dmitry Yakovlevich (XVIII century) -cousins. Members of the Great Northern Expedition, who explored the Siberian coast of the Arctic Ocean, a sea in the north of our country is named after them. In honor of Dmitry Laptev, the strait between the mainland and Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Island, a cape in the delta of the Lena River and a cape at the mouth of the Kolyma River are named. In honor of Khariton Laptev, the coast between the mouths of the Pyasina and Nizhnyaya Pyasina rivers and two capes were named.

13. Sannikov Strait - connects the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea, separates the Lyakhovsky Islands and the Anzhu Island. It was opened in 1773 by the Yakut industrialist I. Lyakhov. In 1902, he was named a member of the RPE in 1900-1903 by F. A. Matisen by the name of the expedition doctor Viktor Nikolaevich by the Katin-Yartsev Strait. Apparently, in 1909, K. A. Vollosovich named it in honor of one of the first explorers of the New Siberian Islands, the Yakov Sannikov Strait. In 1935 this name was legalized.

Sannikov Yakov (dates of birth and death unknown)- Russian explorer, Yakut merchant, engaged in fishing on the coast of the Arctic Ocean. Described the island of Stolbovoy and Faddeevsky. Participating in the expedition of M. M. Gedeshtrom in 1810-1811, he saw the Earth to the north of the island, which was called the Sannikov Land. Subsequently, many expeditions went in search of this Earth, but it was not discovered. A river on the New Siberian Islands, which received this name in 1811, is also named after him.

14. City of Bilibino - an urban-type settlement in Chukotka.

Bilibin Yuri Alexandrovich (1901-1952)- Russian geologist, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Participant in the discovery of gold-bearing regions in the north-east of Russia. The nuclear power plant in Chukotka is also named after him.

15. Bering Strait - connects Pacific and Northern Arctic Ocean s, separates the Chukotka Peninsula on the Eurasian continent and the Alaska Peninsula in North America.

Bering Island- is located in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean as part of the Commander Islands to the east of Kamchatka.

Bering Sea- located in the North Pacific Ocean off the coast of the northeast coast of Asia and northwestern North America.

Bering Vitus (1703-1741)- Danish naval officer in Russian service, explorer of Asia, one of the leaders of the Great Northern Expedition (1733-1743), discovered the coast of Alaska. He died on the island later named after him.

16. Shelikhov Bay(Penzhinsky)- northeastern part of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk.

City of Shelikhov- since 1962, a city in the Irkutsk region, railroad station. About a dozen objects are named after him, in particular, islands off the coast of North America, a strait in the same place, a cape, a lake, a mountain, and a bank.

Shelikhov Georgy Ivanovich (1747-1795)- Russian merchant, founder of the first Russian settlements in the so-called Russian America. Conducted significant geographical research. On the basis of the Shelikhov settlement, the Russian-American Company was formed in 1799. For his tireless work, he was called the Russian Columbus.

17. Nagaev Bay - in the northern part Sea of ​​Okhotsk, in the Tauiskaya Bay off the western coast of the Staritsky Peninsula.

Nagaev Alexey Ivanovich (1704-1781)- Admiral, navigator, cartographer, hydrographer, explorer of the Caspian and Baltic Seas. Produced an inventory of the Caspian Sea, and then the Gulf of Finland. Compiled navigation maps of Vitus Bering, compiled and corrected maps Baltic Sea used by sailors Baltic Fleet for 60 years. Commanded the port in Kronstadt. He collected materials on the history of the Russian fleet, used in the 19th century by V. Berkh. Based on the materials of the expedition of the second half of the 18th century, he compiled a general map of the Caspian Sea, published after his death in 1796.

18. Atlasov Island - located in the Sea of ​​​​Okhotsk, the northern one in the group of the Kuril Islands.

Atlasov (Otlasov) Vladimir Vasilievich (Timofeevich) (circa 1652-1711)- Russian explorer, the first explorer of Kamchatka. The Atlasovka River on Sakhalin Island, which flows into the Aniva Bay of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, also bears his name.

19. Cape Przhevalsky - is located on the southern Kuril island of Iturup in the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. The name of Przhevalsky was given to the city near which he died at the beginning of his last trip, and a number of other geographic features.

Przhevalsky Nikolai Mikhailovich (1839-1888)- outstanding explorer Central Asia. He surveyed more than 30,000 km of his path, astronomically determined hundreds of heights, collected the richest material on the relief, climate, flora and fauna of Mongolia, Northern and Western China, the Tibetan Plateau and the Ussuri Territory. Based on the materials of his five travels, detailed scientific reports are published, written by an excellent literary language, which served as a model for subsequent expeditionary research by Russian travelers.

20. Cape Dokuchaev - is located on one of the southern Kuril Islands Kunashir near the Nemuro Strait in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean. His name was given to the Institute of Soil Science of the Academy of Sciences, on the map the cape and the main dividing ridge on the island of Kunashir in the Kuril archipelago.

Dokuchaev Vasily Vasilyevich (1846-1903)- a great Russian scientist, natural geographer, soil scientist, geologist and mineralogist. He founded modern scientific soil science, completed the creation of the doctrine of latitudinal and high-altitude natural zones.

21. Kropotkin Ridge - located on the Olekminsky-Vitim plateau. Altitude up to 1647 m - Korolenko char. It is composed of crystalline rocks, granites. Discovered by geologist A. A. Voznesensky, explorer of East Asia.

City of Kropotkin- is in Krasnodar Territory, arose as a Romanovsky farm. Named after V. A. Kropotkin.

Kropotkin Petr Alekseevich (1842-1921)- geographer and geomorphologist, one of the founders of paleogeography Quaternary period, creator of the doctrine of ancient continental glaciation, researcher of Siberia and the Amur region, author of numerous articles on the geography of Russia. At the same time, he was an outstanding social and political figure, a revolutionary theorist of anarchism.

Great navigators, rock climbers, pioneers and explorers of lands where no human has set foot before are world-famous travelers whose names are immortalized in geographical names the objects they first touched. From RuTraveller - interesting selection such places.

Mount Cook, also known as Aoraki, is located in the western part of the South Island of New Zealand. This mountain of the New Zealand Southern Alps is the highest point country, its height is 3754 meters.

Named after James Cook, the mountain is covered with snow and glaciers and is shaped like a saddle with steep slopes.

In October 1953, the Mount Cook area became a National Park, which includes several nature reserves aimed at protecting the rare native vegetation and preserving the unique landscape.

Of the representatives of the fauna in the park, you can meet kea birds - the only alpine parrot, wagtails and skates.

The Laptev Sea is a marginal sea of ​​the Arctic Ocean. It is located between the northern coast of Siberia in the south, the Taimyr Peninsula, the Severnaya Zemlya Islands in the west and the New Siberian Islands in the east.

The sea is named after Russian polar explorers - cousins ​​Dmitry and Khariton Laptev. In the past, it was known by various names, the last of which is the Nordenskjöld Sea. The sea has a harsh climate with temperatures below 0 °C for more than nine months of the year, low salinity, sparse flora and fauna, and low population along the coast. Most of the time, with the exception of August and September, it is under ice.

For thousands of years, the sea coast was inhabited by the indigenous tribes of the Yukaghirs, and later the Evens and Evenks, who were engaged in fishing, hunting and nomadic reindeer herding. Then the shores were populated by Yakuts and Russians. The development of the territory by Russian explorers began in the 17th century from the south, along the channels of rivers flowing into the sea.

There are several dozen islands in the Laptev Sea, many of which contain well-preserved remains of mammoths. The main human activities in this area are mining and navigation in the Northern sea ​​route; fishing and hunting are practiced but have no commercial value. Most big village and port - Tiksi.

The Bering Strait is a strait between the Arctic and Pacific oceans that separates Asia (the easternmost continental point is Cape Dezhnev in Russian Chukotka) and North America(the westernmost continental point is Cape Prince of Wales in American Alaska).

The smallest width is 86 km, the smallest fairway depth is 36 m. The strait connects the Chukchi Sea (Arctic Ocean) with the Bering Sea ( Pacific Ocean). It is named after the Russian navigator Vitus Bering (born in Denmark), who passed through this strait in 1728. However, the first of the famous navigators in 1648, 80 years before Bering, Semyon Dezhnev passed through the strait from north to south (from the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific), after whom the cape in Chukotka (the easternmost point of Asia) is named.

In the middle of the Bering Strait lie the Diomede Islands: Ratmanov Island - larger and located to the west, and Kruzenshtern Island. According to the agreement on the sale of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands (1867), the border between Russia and the United States runs in the middle between the islands. Thus, Ratmanov Island belongs to Russia, and Kruzenshtern Island belongs to the United States. The distance between the islands is just over 4 km. There is also the border of time zones and the international date line.

Periodically, from the end of the 19th century to the present day, at the level of specialists, and sometimes even governments (mainly Russia and the United States), the feasibility and possibilities of building a tunnel or bridge across the Bering Strait to connect Chukotka with Alaska are discussed, but due to different reasons both technical and economic in nature, none of the ideas has yet been brought to implementation.

Cape Dezhnev is the easternmost point of the Chukotka Peninsula in mainland Russia and Eurasia. It is an isolated flat-topped mountain range up to 740 m high, steeply dropping to the sea. It is located in the Bering Strait, which connects the Arctic Ocean (Chukchi Sea) with the Pacific Ocean (Bering Sea).

It was first reached by the Russian expedition of Semyon Dezhnev in the autumn of 1648. On the shore of the Big Chukchi Nose, which was later named Cape Dezhnev, the travelers made a stop, during which they visited the Eskimos on the islands of the strait. For the first time in history, having passed the Bering Strait (actually opening it) and rounding the Chukotka Peninsula, Dezhnev solved an important geographical problem. There was evidence that America is an independent continent, and that it is possible to sail from Europe to China by the northern seas around Siberia. However, due to the lack of information about this discovery in European countries(materials of Dezhnev's campaigns remained in the Yakut prison), the priority of the discoverer went to V. I. Bering, whose name the strait began to be called. Until the beginning of the 18th century, the cape was referred to as the Chukchi Nose, Necessary Nose. In 1778, the English navigator James Cook mapped this cape under the name Cape Vostochny.

In 1879, the Swedish polar explorer Nordneskiöld first sailed the northeast passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean and also rounded this cape. He suggested calling it by the name of the discoverer - Cape Dezhnev. On the eve of the 250th anniversary of the discovery of the cape, this proposal was accepted and, at the request of the Russian Geographical Society, Cape Vostochny was renamed Cape Dezhnev in 1898.

On Cape Dezhnev is located locality Whalen, as well as the abandoned settlement of sea whalers Naukan, which was disbanded in 1958 as part of a campaign to enlarge and remove settlements from the American border. Before the eviction, about four hundred people lived in Naukan, there were thirteen clans. Currently, individual Eskimo families from Naukan live in the Chukchi villages of Uelen, Lavrentiya and Lorino, as well as in the Eskimo villages of Novoe Chaplino, Sireniki and Uelkal.

The Strait of Magellan is a strait separating continental South America and the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, narrow and in some places very dangerous for navigation. The length of the strait is 575 km, the smallest depth in the fairway is 20 m. It was first overcome by Magellan in 1520 during his world travel, Tierra del Fuego for a long time was considered the northern part of the Unknown Southern Land.

On October 21, 1520, on the day of "Eleven Thousand Virgins" - Saint Ursula, at about the 52nd parallel of the south latitude, Magellan discovered a cape, which he named "Cabo Virgenes" in honor of this holiday. On November 1, on the day of All Saints, a strong storm brought Magellan's ships into the bay, further navigation through which led to the strait, after which the expedition ended up in the Pacific Ocean. Magellan gave the strait Portuguese name feast of All Saints - Estreito de todos os Santos, but later the Spanish king changed it, giving the Spanish name in honor of Ferdinand Magellan - Estrecho de Magallanes. From the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, the strait was passed by Magellan from October 21 to November 28, 1520.

Cape Chelyuskin is the northernmost point of the Taimyr Peninsula and mainland Eurasia. It was reached for the first time by a member of the 2nd Kamchatka (Great Northern) expedition, navigator Semyon Chelyuskin, together with the Cossacks Fofanov and Gorokhov in 1742. By the 100th anniversary of the expedition, the cape was renamed Russian geographical society from Cape Vostochno-North to Cape Chelyuskin.

In 1878 Cape Chelyuskin was visited by the Swedish Arctic explorer Nordenskiöld, and in 1893 the Norwegian explorer Nansen was the first to go around it. In 1932, an expedition of the Arctic Institute led by Rudolf Samoylovich built a polar station on the icebreaker Semyon Dezhnev at Cape Chelyuskin. The second wintering was headed by ID Papanin, who expanded the station to an observatory.

At present, the station is called a radiometeorological center, where from 8 to 10 people spend the winter. A number of residential buildings and scientific pavilions have been built. Some of the buildings are abandoned and not in use. The northernmost airfield of continental Eurasia, Cape Chelyuskin, is also located here, which is serviced by the Khatanga United Aviation Enterprise. From the airfield, only a helipad remained, serviced by the military.

The climate of Cape Chelyuskin is arctic, very severe. average temperature July and August (the warmest months) is -0.1 and -0.9C, and the average low is always below zero.

The Chichagov Islands are a group of two uninhabited islands. It is located in the Primorsky district of the Arkhangelsk region of Russia and is part of the Franz Josef Land archipelago. washed by Barents Sea. Named after Pavel Chichagov, Arctic explorer and son of Admiral Vasily Chichagov.

The group occupies the northern part of Franz Josef Land. It is located two kilometers from Cape Felder, which is the western end of Charles Alexander Island, and five kilometers from the island group of Pontremoli.

The shape of the southern island is elongated, its length is approximately 700 meters. The length of the northern island is approximately 400 meters. All territories are ice-free, there are no large hills. The islands are covered with stony placers.

The Drake Passage is a strait that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, washing the islands of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago in the north, and the South Shetland Islands belonging to Antarctica in the south.

It is the widest strait on Earth: the width of its narrowest part is more than 800 km. The strongest "Current" passes through the strait Western winds". Due to this, very strong storms are not uncommon in the water area of ​​the strait: the wind speed reaches 40 m/s, and the wave height - up to 15 m. Drifting ice is found in the waters of the strait.

The strait contains the southernmost point of the South American mainland and the American continent - the Diego Ramirez Islands, as well as the legendary Cape Horn. The strait got its name in honor of the navigator and pirate, the Englishman F. Drake, who passed here in 1578.
Today, the city is one of the most important tourist centers of the country. Having survived the decline due to the closure of many enterprises textile industry, today the city is being revived thanks to the influx of numerous tourists. Attracts travelers from all over the world national park Mosi ao Tunya and Victoria Falls. In addition, there are several museums in the city, of which the Railway Museum is of particular interest. The city has a developed tourist infrastructure: shops, hotels, entertainment centers. Many local tour operators offer activities related to outdoor activities: elephant safaris, river cruises, quad biking, rafting, kayaking, mountain climbing.