Winter. Winter months. Winter natural phenomena. Winter signs about the weather. Interesting facts about winter Interesting facts about winter

Winter is usually a snowy and cold season. Interesting Facts about winter will be discussed here.

1. There are several types of winters - astronomical, calendar and climatic. Astronomical winter lasts from December 22 to March 21 in the Northern Hemisphere and from June 22 to September 21 in the Southern Hemisphere. Calendar - includes three months (in the Northern Hemisphere these are December, January, February, and in the Southern Hemisphere - June, July, August). Climatic - when the average daily temperature becomes below zero.

2. For many of us, snow is a common occurrence, but half the population has never seen it.

3.Like fingerprints, each snowflake is unique and has its own unique structure. In general, there are 7 different types snowflakes.

4. Children's favorite hobby is making a snow woman. It is interesting that before she was sculpted not at all for entertainment, but to soften the evil forces of Winter.

5. The largest snowflake that was measured was more than 12 cm in diameter.

Winter- a magical and fabulous time of year, all natural world frozen in sound sleep. The cold forest sleeps, covered with a white fur coat, no animals are heard, they hide in their holes, wait out the long winter, only a few go out to hunt. Only wind and blizzard, eternal companions of winter.

Listening to fairy tales and stories about nature in winter, children learn about the life of the world around them in difficult times. winter time years, how trees and animals survive winter, how birds winter, learn about natural phenomena in winter.

Winter

K.V. Lukashevich

She appeared wrapped up, white, cold.
- Who are you? - the children asked.
- I am the season - winter. I brought snow with me and will soon throw it on the ground. He will cover everything with a white fluffy blanket. Then my brother, Grandfather Frost, will come and freeze the fields, meadows and rivers. And if the guys start being naughty, it will freeze their hands, feet, cheeks and noses.
- Oh oh oh! What a bad winter! What a scary Santa Claus! - said the children.
- Wait, children... But I will give you a ride from the mountains, skates and sleds. And then your favorite Christmas will come with a merry Christmas tree and Grandfather Frost with gifts. Don't you love winters?

kind girl

K.V. Lukashevich

stood harsh winter. Everything was covered with snow. It was hard for the sparrows. The poor things could not find food anywhere. Sparrows flew around the house and chirped pitifully.
The kind girl Masha took pity on the sparrows. She began to collect bread crumbs, and every day she sprinkled them on her porch. The sparrows flew in to feed and soon stopped being afraid of Masha. So the kind girl fed the poor birds until spring.

Winter

Volodya was at the Christmas tree

Daniil Kharms, 1930

Volodya was at the Christmas tree. All the children were dancing, but Volodya was so small that he couldn’t even walk yet.
They put Volodya in a chair.
Volodya saw the gun: “Give me! Give me!” - shouts. But he can’t say “give”, because he’s so small that he doesn’t know how to speak yet. But Volodya wants everything: he wants an airplane, he wants a car, he wants a green crocodile. I want everything!
"Give! Give!" - Volodya shouts.
They gave Volodya a rattle. Volodya took the rattle and calmed down. All the children are dancing around the Christmas tree, and Volodya is sitting in a chair and ringing his rattle. Volodya really liked the rattle!

Last year I was at my friends and girlfriends' Christmas tree

Vanya Mokhov

Last year I was at my friends and girlfriends' Christmas tree party. It was a lot of fun. On Yashka's Christmas tree - he played tag, on Shurka's Christmas tree - he played blind man's buff, on Ninka's Christmas tree - he looked at pictures, on Volodya's Christmas tree - he danced in a round dance, on Lizaveta's Christmas tree - he ate chocolate candies, on Pavlusha’s Christmas tree - he ate apples and pears.
And this year I’ll go to the school Christmas tree - it will be even more fun.

Snowman

Once upon a time there lived a snowman. He lived on the edge of the forest. It was filled with children who came here to play and sled. They made three lumps of snow and placed them on top of each other. Instead of eyes, they inserted two coals into the snowman, and instead of a nose, they inserted a carrot. A bucket was put on the snowman's head, and his hands were made from old brooms. One boy liked the snowman so much that he gave him a scarf.

The children were called home, but the snowman was left alone, standing in the cold winter wind. Suddenly he saw that two birds had flown to the tree under which he was standing. One big one with a long nose began to chisel the tree, and the other began to look at the snowman. The snowman got scared: “What do you want to do to me?” And the bullfinch, and it was he, replies: “I don’t want to do anything with you, I’m just going to eat a carrot.” “Oh, oh, don’t eat the carrots, it’s my nose. Look, there’s a feeder hanging on that tree, the children left a lot of food there.” The bullfinch thanked the snowman. Since then they became friends.

Hello, winter!

So, it has come, the long-awaited winter! It's good to run through the frost on the first winter morning! The streets, still gloomy like autumn yesterday, are completely covered with white snow, and the sun shimmers in it with a blinding brilliance. A bizarre pattern of frost lay on shop windows and tightly closed house windows, frost covered the branches of poplars. Whether you look along the street, which stretches out like a smooth ribbon, or whether you look around you closely, everything is the same everywhere: snow, snow, snow. Occasionally a rising breeze pricks your face and ears, but how beautiful everything is around! What gentle, soft snowflakes smoothly swirl in the air. No matter how prickly the frost is, it is also pleasant. Isn’t that why we all love winter, because it, just like spring, fills our chests with an exciting feeling. Everything is alive, everything is bright in the transformed nature, everything is full of invigorating freshness. It’s so easy to breathe and so good at heart that you involuntarily smile and want to say a friendly word to this wonderful winter morning: “Hello, winter!”

“Hello, long-awaited, cheerful winter!”

The day was mild and hazy. The reddish sun hung low above long, layered clouds that looked like snow fields. In the garden there were pink trees covered with frost. Vague shadows on the snow were saturated with the same warm light.

Snowdrifts

(From the story “Nikita’s Childhood”)

The wide yard was completely covered with shining, white, soft snow. There were deep human and frequent dog tracks in it. The air, frosty and thin, stung my nose and pricked my cheeks with needles. The carriage house, barns and cattle yards stood squat, covered with white caps, as if they had grown into the snow. The tracks of the runners ran like glass from the house across the entire yard.
Nikita ran down the porch along the crunchy steps. Below there was a brand new pine bench with a twisted rope. Nikita examined it - it was made firmly, tried it - it glides well, put the bench on his shoulder, grabbed a shovel, thinking that he would need it, and ran along the road along the garden, to the dam. There stood huge, wide willows, almost reaching to the sky, covered with frost - each branch looked like it was made of snow.
Nikita turned right, towards the river, and tried to follow the road, in the footsteps of others...
During these days, large fluffy snowdrifts have accumulated on the steep banks of the Chagry River. In other places they hung like capes over the river. Just stand on such a cape - and it will groan, sit down, and a mountain of snow will roll down in a cloud of snow dust.
To the right, the river meandered like a bluish shadow between white and fluffy fields. To the left, just above the steep slope, were the black huts and the cranes of the village of Sosnovki sticking out. Blue high smoke rose above the roofs and melted. On the snowy cliff, where spots and stripes were yellow from the ash that had been raked out of the stoves today, small figures were moving. These were Nikitin's friends - boys from “our end” of the village. And further, where the river curved, other boys, “Kon-chansky”, very dangerous, were barely visible.
Nikita threw the shovel, lowered the bench onto the snow, sat astride it, grabbed the rope tightly, pushed off with his feet twice, and the bench itself went down the mountain. The wind whistled in my ears, snow dust rose from both sides. Down, down, like an arrow. And suddenly, where the snow ended above the steep slope, the bench flew through the air and slid onto the ice. She went quieter, quieter, and became quieter.
Nikita laughed, got off the bench and dragged her up the mountain, getting stuck up to his knees. When he climbed up the bank, not far away, on a snowy field, he saw a black figure, taller than a man, as it seemed, of Arkady Ivanovich. Nikita grabbed a shovel, rushed onto the bench, flew down and ran across the ice to the place where the snowdrifts hung over the river.
Having climbed under the very cape, Nikita began to dig a cave. The work was easy - the snow was cut with a shovel. Having dug out a cave, Nikita climbed into it, dragged in a bench and began to fill it with clods from the inside. When the wall was laid, a blue half-light spilled into the cave - it was cozy and pleasant. Nikita sat and thought that none of the boys had such a wonderful bench...
- Nikita! Where have you gone? - he heard the voice of Arkady Ivanovich.
Nikita... looked into the gap between the clods. Below, on the ice, Arkady Ivanovich stood with his head raised.
- Where are you, robber?
Arkady Ivanovich adjusted his glasses and climbed towards the cave, but immediately got stuck up to his waist;
- Get out, I’ll get you out of there anyway. Nikita was silent. Arkady Ivanovich tried to climb
higher, but got stuck again, put his hands in his pockets and said:
- If you don't want to, don't. Stay. The fact is that mom received a letter from Samara... However, goodbye, I'm leaving...
- Which letter? - Nikita asked.
- Yeah! So you're here after all.
- Tell me, from whom is the letter?
- A letter about the arrival of some people for the holidays.
Lumps of snow immediately flew from above. Nikita's head poked out of the cave. Arkady Ivanovich laughed cheerfully.

The story “About trees in winter.”

Buran

A snowy white cloud, as huge as the sky, covered the entire horizon and quickly covered the last light of the red, burnt evening dawn with a thick veil. Suddenly night came... the storm came with all its fury, with all its horrors. A desert wind blew up in the open air, blew up the snowy steppes like swan's fluff, and threw them up to the skies... Everything was covered in white darkness, impenetrable, like the darkness of the darkest autumn night!

Everything merged, everything was mixed up: the earth, the air, the sky turned into an abyss of boiling snow dust, which blinded the eyes, took up one’s breath, roared, whistled, howled, moaned, beat, ruffled, spit on all sides, wrapped itself above and below like a snake, and strangled everything he came across.

The heart of the most timid person sinks, the blood freezes, stops from fear, and not from cold, for the cold during snowstorms is significantly reduced. The sight of the disturbance of winter northern nature is so terrible...

The storm raged hour by hour. It raged all night and all the next day, so there was no driving. Deep ravines were made into high mounds...

Finally, the excitement of the snowy ocean began to subside little by little, which still continues even then, when the sky already shines with a cloudless blue.

Another night passed. The violent wind died down and the snow settled. The steppes presented the appearance of a stormy sea, suddenly frozen over... The sun rolled out into a clear sky; its rays began to play on the wavy snow...

Winter

It's already arrived real winter. The ground was covered with a snow-white carpet. Not a single dark spot remained. Even the bare birches, alders and rowan trees were covered with frost, like silvery fluff. They stood covered in snow, as if they were wearing an expensive, warm fur coat...

The first snow was falling

It was about eleven o'clock in the evening, the first snow had recently fallen, and everything in nature was under the power of this young snow. There was a smell of snow in the air, and the snow crunched softly underfoot. The ground, the roofs, the trees, the benches on the boulevards - everything was soft, white, young, and this made the houses look different than yesterday. The lights burned brighter, the air was clearer...

Farewell to summer

(Abridged)

One night I woke up with a strange sensation. It seemed to me that I had gone deaf in my sleep. I lay with my eyes open, listened for a long time and finally realized that I had not gone deaf, but that there was simply an extraordinary silence outside the walls of the house. This kind of silence is called “dead”. The rain died, the wind died, the noisy, restless garden died. You could only hear the cat snoring in its sleep.
I opened my eyes. White and even light filled the room. I got up and went to the window - everything was snowy and silent behind the glass. A lonely moon stood at a dizzying height in the foggy sky, and a yellowish circle shimmered around it.
When did the first snow fall? I approached the walkers. It was so light that the arrows showed clearly. They showed two o'clock. I fell asleep at midnight. This means that in two hours the earth changed so unusually, in two short hours the fields, forests and gardens were bewitched by the cold.
Through the window I saw how big gray bird sat on a maple branch in the garden. The branch swayed and snow fell from it. The bird slowly rose and flew away, and the snow kept falling like glass rain falling from a Christmas tree. Then everything became quiet again.
Reuben woke up. He looked outside the window for a long time, sighed and said:
- The first snow suits the earth very well.
The earth was elegant, looking like a shy bride.
And in the morning everything crunched around: frozen roads, leaves on the porch, black nettle stems sticking out from under the snow.
Grandfather Mitriy came to visit for tea and congratulated him on his first trip.
“So the earth was washed,” he said, “with snow water from a silver trough.”
- Where did you get these words from, Mitrich? - Reuben asked.
- Is there anything wrong? - the grandfather grinned. - My mother, the deceased, told me that in ancient times, beauties washed themselves with the first snow from a silver jug ​​and therefore their beauty never faded.
It was difficult to stay at home on the first winter day. We went to the forest lakes. Grandfather walked us to the edge of the forest. He also wanted to visit the lakes, but “the ache in his bones did not let him go.”
It was solemn, light and quiet in the forests.
The day seemed to be dozing. Lonely snowflakes occasionally fell from the cloudy high sky. We carefully breathed on them, and they turned into pure drops of water, then became cloudy, froze and rolled to the ground like beads.
We wandered through the forests until dusk, going around familiar places. Flocks of bullfinches sat, ruffled, on snow-covered rowan trees... Here and there in the clearings birds flew and squeaked pitifully. The sky above was very light, white, and towards the horizon it thickened, and its color resembled lead. Slow snow clouds were coming from there.
The forests became increasingly gloomy, quieter, and finally thick snow began to fall. It melted in the black water of the lake, tickled my face, and powdered the forest with gray smoke. Winter has begun to rule over the earth...

Winter night

Night has fallen in the forest.

Frost taps on the trunks and branches of thick trees, and light silver frost falls in flakes. In the dark high sky, bright winter stars were scattered, apparently and invisibly...

But even on a frosty winter night, hidden life in the forest continues. A frozen branch crunched and broke. It was a white hare running under the trees, bouncing softly. Something hooted and suddenly laughed terribly: somewhere an eagle owl screamed, weasels howled and fell silent, ferrets hunted for mice, owls silently flew over the snowdrifts. Like a fairy-tale sentry, a big-headed gray owlet sat down on a bare branch. In the darkness of the night, he alone hears and sees how life goes on in the winter forest, hidden from people.

Aspen

The aspen forest is beautiful even in winter. Against a background of dark spruce trees, a thin lace of bare aspen branches intertwines.

Night and daytime birds nest in the hollows of old thick aspens, and mischievous squirrels store up their supplies for the winter. People hollowed out light shuttle boats from thick logs and made troughs. Snowshoe hares feed on the bark of young aspen trees in winter. The bitter bark of aspens is gnawed by moose.

It used to be that you were walking through the forest, and suddenly, out of the blue, a heavy black grouse would break loose with a noise and fly. A white hare will jump out and run almost from under your feet.

Silver flashes

It's a short, gloomy December day. Snowy twilight is level with the windows, a cloudy dawn at ten o'clock in the morning. During the day, a flock of children returning from school chirps, drowning in snowdrifts, a cart with firewood or hay creaks - and it’s evening! In the frosty sky behind the village, silver flashes - the northern lights - begin to dance and shimmer.

At a sparrow's hop

Not much - just a sparrow's jump added a day after the New Year. And the sun had not yet warmed up - like a bear, on all fours, it crawled along the spruce tops across the river.

Snow words

We love winter, we love snow. It changes, it can be different, and to talk about it, you need different words.

And snow falls from the sky in different ways. You raise your head - and it seems that from the clouds, as from branches Christmas tree, shreds of cotton wool are torn off. They are called flakes - these are snowflakes that stick together in flight. And sometimes there is snow that you can’t turn your face to: hard white balls cut your forehead painfully. They have another name - grits.

Clean snow that has just covered the ground is called powder. There is no better hunt than powder! All tracks are fresh in fresh snow!

And the snow lies on the ground in different ways. Even if he lay down, this does not mean that he calmed down until spring. The wind blew and the snow came to life.

You walk down the street, and at your feet there are white flashes: the snow, swept away by the wind wiper, streams and flows along the ground. This is a snowstorm - drifting snow.

If the wind swirls and snow blows in the air, it’s a blizzard. Well, in the steppe, where I can’t control the wind, a snow storm can break out - a blizzard. If you shout, you won’t hear the voice; you won’t see anything three steps away.

February is the month of blizzards, the month of running and flying snow. In March the snow becomes lazy. It no longer flies from your hand like swan fluff, it has become motionless and solid: if you step on it, your foot will not fall through.

It was the sun and frost that cast a spell on him. During the day everything melted in the sun, at night it froze, and the snow became covered with an icy crust and became stale. For such callous snow we have our own harsh word - present.

Thousands of human eyes watch the snow in winter. Let your inquisitive eyes be among them.

(I. Nadezhdina)

First frost

The night passed under a large, clear moon, and by morning the first frost had settled. Everything was gray, but the puddles did not freeze. When the sun appeared and warmed up, the trees and grass were doused with such heavy dew, they looked out with such luminous patterns. dark forest branches of fir trees, that the diamonds of our entire land would not be enough for this decoration.

The Queen Pine, sparkling from top to bottom, was especially beautiful.

(M. Prishvin)

Quiet snow

They say about silence: “Quiet than water, lower than the grass.” But what could be quieter than falling snow! Yesterday snow fell all day, and it was as if it brought silence from heaven. And every sound only intensified it: the rooster crowed, the crow called, the woodpecker drummed, the jay sang with all its voices, but the silence from all this grew...

(M. Prishvin)

Winter has come

The hot summer has flown by Golden autumn, snow fell - winter has come.

Cold winds blew. The trees stood bare in the forest, waiting for winter clothes. The spruce and pine trees became even greener.

Many times snow began to fall in large flakes, and when people woke up, they rejoiced in winter: such pure winter light shone through the window.

At the first powder the hunters went hunting. And all day long the loud barking of dogs could be heard throughout the forest.

A running trail of a hare stretched across the road and disappeared into the spruce forest. A fox trail, paw by paw, winds along the road. The squirrel ran across the road and, waving its fluffy tail, jumped onto the tree.

There are dark purple cones on the tops of the trees. Crossbills jump on the cones.

Below, on the rowan tree, busty red-throated bullfinches were scattered.

The couch potato bear is the best in the forest. In the fall, the thrifty Bear prepared a den. He broke soft spruce branches and tore the fragrant, resinous bark.

Warm and cozy in a bear forest apartment. Mishka lies, from side to side

turns over. He did not hear how a cautious hunter approached the den.

(I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

Winter is blizzard

There is frost on the streets at night.

Frost walks around the yard, tapping and rattling. The night is starry, the windows are blue, Frost painted ice flowers on the windows - no one can draw them like that.

- Oh yes Frost!

Frost walks: sometimes he knocks on the wall, sometimes he clicks on the gate, sometimes he shakes off the frost from the birch tree and scares away the dozing jackdaws. Frost is bored. Out of boredom, he will go to the river, hit the ice, begin to count the stars, and the stars are radiant, golden.

In the morning the stoves will be flooded, and Frost is right there - blue smoke in the gilded sky has become frozen pillars over the village.

- Oh yes Frost!..

(I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

Snow

The earth is covered with a clean white tablecloth and is resting. The snowdrifts are deep. The forest was covered with heavy white caps and became silent.

Hunters see beautiful patterns of animal and bird tracks on the tablecloth of snow.

Here, near the gnawed aspen trees, a white hare spotted at night; Raising the black tip of its tail, an ermine ran by, hunting for birds and mice. The trail of an old fox winds in a beautiful chain along the forest edge. Along the very edge of the field, trail after trail, robber wolves passed. And the moose crossed the wide planted road, exploding the snow with their hooves...

Many large and small animals and birds live and feed in the quiet winter forest covered with snow.

(K. Ushinsky)

On the edge

Quiet early morning in the winter forest. Dawn comes calmly.

Along the forest edge, at the edge of a snowy clearing, an old red fox is making his way from a night hunt.

The snow crunches softly, and the snow crumbles like fluff under the fox’s feet. Paw after paw, the fox's tracks curl around. The fox listens and watches to see if a mouse squeaks under a hummock in the winter nest, or if a long-eared, careless hare will jump out of the bush.

Here she moved in the knots and, seeing the fox, then - oh-oh - peak! peak! - the king tit squeaked. Now, whistling and fluttering, a flock of crossbills flew over the edge of the forest and hastily scattered along the top of the spruce tree decorated with cones.

The fox hears and sees a squirrel climb up a tree, and a snow cap falling from a thick, swaying branch, scattering like diamond dust.

The old, cunning fox sees everything, hears everything, knows everything in the forest.

(K. Ushinsky)

In the den

In early winter, as soon as the snow falls, bears lie in their den.

They carefully and skillfully prepare these winter dens in the wilderness. They line their homes with soft fragrant pine needles, the bark of young fir trees, and dry forest moss.

Warm and cozy in bear dens.

As soon as frost hits the forest, bears fall asleep in their dens. And the more severe the frost, the stronger the wind sways the trees, the more soundly and deeply they sleep.

In late winter, mother bears give birth to tiny, blind cubs.

Warmth for the cubs in a snow-covered den. They smack, suck milk, climb onto the back of their mother - a huge, strong bear who has built a warm den for them.

Only during a major thaw, when it begins to drip from the trees and white caps of snow fall from the branches, does the bear wake up. He wants to know well: has spring come, has spring begun in the forest?

A bear will lean out of the den and look at winter forest- and again until spring on the side.

(K. Ushinsky)

What is a natural phenomenon?

Definition. Any change in nature is called a natural phenomenon: the wind changed direction, the sun rose, a chicken hatched from an egg.

Nature can be living or inanimate.

Weather phenomena of inanimate nature in winter.

Examples of weather changes: drop in temperature, frost, snowfall, blizzard, blizzard, ice, thaw.

Seasonal natural phenomena.

All changes in nature associated with the change of seasons - seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter) are called seasonal natural phenomena.

Examples of winter phenomena in inanimate nature.

Example: ice has formed on the water, snow has covered the ground, the sun is not warm, icicles and ice have appeared.

The transformation of water into ice is seasonal phenomenon V inanimate nature.

Observed natural phenomena in inanimate nature, occurring around us:

Frost covers rivers and lakes with ice. Draws funny patterns on the windows. Bites nose and cheeks.

Snowflakes are falling from the sky and swirling. Snow covers the ground with a white blanket.

Blizzards and blizzards sweep the roads.

The sun is low above the ground and provides little warmth.

It's cold outside, the days are short and the nights are long.

Comes New Year. The city dresses up in elegant garlands.

During the thaw, the snow melts and freezes, forming ice on the roads.

Large icicles grow on the roofs.

What wildlife phenomena can be observed in winter?

For example: bears are hibernating, trees have dropped their leaves, people are dressed in winter clothes, the children went outside with a sled.

In winter, trees stand without leaves - this phenomenon is called seasonal.

Examples of changes that occur in winter in wildlife that we observe:

Flora, wildlife, resting in winter.

The bear sleeps in its den and sucks its paw.

Trees and grass sleep in the meadows, covered with a warm blanket - snow.

Animals are cold in winter, they wear beautiful and fluffy fur coats.

The hares change clothes - they change their gray fur coat to a white one.

People wear warm clothes: hats, fur coats, felt boots and mittens.

Children go sledding, ice skating, make a snowman and play snowballs.

On New Year's Day, children decorate the Christmas tree with toys and have fun.

The Snow Maiden and Father Frost come to us for the holiday.

In winter, birds - tits and bullfinches - fly from the forest to our feeders.

Birds and animals go hungry in winter. People feed them.

More stories about winter:

Some of us look forward to winter, while others don’t like winter at all, due to cold weather or other reasons. From this article you will learn interesting facts about winter and snow, which you hardly knew or heard about, but I am sure that everyone will be interested to know, regardless of whether they like this cold, snowy season or not.

Fact- 1

Astronomical winter on Earth begins at the moment winter solstice and lasts until the moment spring equinox, that is, in the Northern Hemisphere of the planet - from December 22 to March 21, in the Southern Hemisphere - from June 22 to September 21.

Calendar winter lasts 3 months - in the Northern Hemisphere it is December, January and February, and in the Southern Hemisphere it is June, July and August. According to climatologists, winter begins after the average daily air temperature drops below 0 ºС.

Fact- 2 Low temperature record

In winter, records are set for the lowest temperatures. So, the coldest time on Earth was December 8, 2013 - in Antarctica, a Japanese station recorded unusual temperature-91.2 ºС.

Fact- 3 Winter is...

Winter is not only the name of the season. So, in Russia there is a city called Zima ( Irkutsk region). A river with the same name flows here.

Fact- 4

Snowflakes in winter are amazing because simple matter can self-organize into complex matter. You'll never find two similar friend snowflakes on each other.

And the number of snowflakes is greater than that of atoms in the entire visible universe.

Fact- 5

Astronomer John Kepler explained the shape of snowflakes as God's will. And the Japanese scientist Nakaya Ukichiro believed that snowflakes are unknown hieroglyphs written in the heavens.

By the way, it was he who created the first classification of these mysterious hieroglyphs. In honor of Nakai, they even opened a Japanese snowflake museum.

Fact- 6 Classification of snowflakes

In 1951, an international commission was created to study snow and ice. Which introduced the classification of snowflake crystal shapes.

All of them are divided into 7 types: classic needles, stars, regular columns, columns with tips, among them there are even spatial dendrites, plates, and of course, among other regular geometric shapes there are snowflakes of irregular shape.

Fact- 7

On April 30, 1944, snow was falling in the capital of our Motherland - military Moscow. The huge snowflakes were the size of an average person's palm. They were shaped like ostrich feathers.

But the biggest snowflake reached a size of 38 cm and a thickness of 20 cm. The record-breaking snowflake was found on January 28, 1887 during a snowfall in the USA.

Fact- 8

Did you know that snowflakes can “sing”? When they enter water or bodies of water, they emit a high-frequency sound. A person is not able to hear it, but fish, according to experts, do not like it!

Fact- 9 Snow is not only white

The snow itself is not only white, but high in Antarctica it turns red, pink, and even purple.

And it's called watermelon snow. This is because of the algae that live in it - they are called snow chlamydomonas.

Fact- 10

Oddly enough, snowflakes are 95% air. This can explain the fragility of the snowflake and the low speed of its fall.

Winter with snow, snowflakes, and ice does not happen in all parts of the world. Most of the inhabitants of our planet have never witnessed snowfall, although it falls once every few decades even in the hot Sahara. About winter, cold, winter weather events there are many interesting facts.

Ice

Interesting facts about winter - ice. Most icicles grow on south side buildings, since this side is better illuminated by the sun, the snow melts during the day and this melt water freezes at night. The northern side heats up worse, and there are fewer icicles on this side.

Water cannot be colder than zero degrees, but ice can have a lower temperature. In Antarctica, glacial ice can have a temperature of minus 60 degrees Celsius, Greenland glaciers have a temperature of about minus 28 degrees Celsius. The peaks of the Alps and Scandinavian mountains are covered with ice, which often has a temperature on the verge of melting - around zero degrees.

At low temperatures, when struck, ice makes a sound as if it had struck an iron object.

An annual ice sculpture festival is held in Harbin, China. In 2015, a record-breaking snow woman with a height of 37 meters was presented there; she was included in the Guinness Book of Records. Her weight was 6 million kilograms.

In Antarctica, a record-breaking number was recorded at Vostok station. low temperature- almost minus 90 degrees Celsius.

Interesting facts about winter - snowflakes. The record size of a snowflake is 12 centimeters. In 1944, snow fell in Moscow in the form of snowflakes that were the size of the palm of an adult.

Typically snowflakes have a diameter of 5 millimeters. But in calm weather, snowflakes often interlock with each other, forming large snow flakes. The largest lumps of snow that fell during a snowfall were recorded in 1987 in the US state of Montana; their diameter was almost 40 centimeters and their thickness was about 20 centimeters.

The pattern on each snowflake is different; there are no identical snowflakes.

Snowflakes are formed from steam that would turn into rain in warmer conditions.

The snowflakes have a very fine pattern - air occupies 95 percent of the total area of ​​this ice formation. Therefore, snowflakes are very light and slowly fall to the ground during snowfall (at a speed of about one kilometer per hour).

There are seven known types of snowflakes - crystals in the form of stars, columns, needles, plates, columns with tips, and there are also snowflakes with irregular shapes.

The first snowflake was photographed in 1885 by American farmer Bentley Wilson. He liked the photographs of snowflakes so much that over the next 46 years he collected a collection of five thousand photographs of this delicate creation of nature.

One cubic meter of snow has 350 million snowflakes.

Aesthetics are highly valued in Japan. On the Japanese island of Hokaido there is a museum dedicated to snowflakes.

The first scientist to write scientific work about snowflakes - Johannes Kepler, he wrote a treatise “On Hexagonal Snowflakes” in 1611.

Snow

You can see snow in the Antarctic mountains different colors- purple, red, pink, yellowish-brown.

Northern peoples have many words in their vocabulary that mean “snow” in different states - the Eskimos have 24 words, the Sami have 41 words.

Snow avalanches happen very quickly, at the speed of a fast-moving train (about 100 kilometers per hour), some avalanches can accelerate to a speed of 360 kilometers per hour. Therefore, skiers in most cases cannot escape from an avalanche, but sometimes they manage to move away from the path of this catastrophic snow movement.

In winter, about 90 percent of the sun's rays are reflected from snow, which makes it even more difficult to warm up. cold earth. But despite better warming, dirty snow melts more slowly than clean snow.

There are times when the wind rolls the snow into rolls, like balls for a snowman. This phenomenon occurs under certain snow properties. Snow cylinders are similar to pipes because they are hollow inside.

The snow creaks at a temperature of minus 2 degrees. This is the sound of snowflakes breaking and rubbing against each other.

The color of snow often depends on the color of dust in the air. There were cases of green snow falling (California, 1955), and black snow fell in Sweden in 1969. In 2002, multi-colored snow fell in Kamchatka, caused by dust storms.

Snow storm has enormous power- it can throw up to 40 million tons of snow onto the ground at a time, the energy that is released is equivalent to 120 atomic bombs. Record snowfall falls in Georgetown American state Colorado. On December 4, 1913, city residents saw in front of them a layer of snow more than one and a half meters thick. In 1932, it snowed in Canada for 9 days in a row, covering some houses almost completely.

There is snow on different planets solar system. On Mars it is of two types - from water and from carbon dioxide; there are glaciers on this planet. Saturn's moon Titan has snow made of methane.

Winter is a controversial time of year. On the one hand, in winter there are many unique entertainments and exceptional beautiful nature. The Russian winter was perfectly sung by A.S. Pushkin. In addition, winter has been the time of the most joyful holidays since time immemorial. Both adults and children look forward with approximately equal impatience to the New Year and the weekends and holidays associated with this date and Christmas.

On the other hand, winter means cold and associated problems in the form of colds, the need to dress warmly and the associated costs and inconveniences. Days in winter are short even in the European part of the country, not to mention at higher latitudes, which also does not add to the mood. If it snows, there will be trouble with transport. The thaw will come - everything will drown in water and dirty snow slush...

One way or another, winter exists, albeit in different forms, sometimes harsh, sometimes funny.

1. Winter is not December, January and February. Or rather, this definition is relevant, but only for most of the Northern Hemisphere. In the Southern Hemisphere, winter is precisely those months that we consider summer. It would be more accurate to define winter in nature as the interval between summer and autumn or as the coldest time of the year.

In Brazil, if there is snow, it happens in July.

2. Winter does not come from a change in the distance from the Earth to the Sun. The Earth's orbit is slightly elongated, but there is a 5 million km difference between perihelion and aphelion (the largest and smallest distance to the Sun) big role they can't play. But the 23.5° inclination of the earth’s axis relative to the vertical influences the weather in mid-latitudes in winter and summer very strongly. The sun's rays fall on the ground at an angle close to a straight line - it's summer here. They fall tangentially - it’s winter here. On the planet Uranus, due to the tilt of its axis (it is more than 97°), there are only two seasons - summer and winter, and they last 42 years.

3. The harshest winter in the world is Yakut. In Yakutia it can begin in mid-September. In Yakutia, the coldest village in the world with a permanent population is located. It's called Oymyakon. The temperature recorded here was -77.8°C, “not winter” - the local name - lasts from the end of May to mid-September, and children do not go to school only if the frost is stronger than -60°C.

People live and work in Oymyakon

4. The lowest temperature on Earth was recorded in Antarctica. In the area of ​​the Japanese polar station, the thermometer once showed -91.8°C.

5. Astronomically, winter in the Northern Hemisphere begins on December 22 and ends on March 21. In the Antipodes, winter begins on June 22 and ends on September 21.

6. Climatic winter is more relative in terms of timing than astronomical winter. In the latitudes where Russia is located, the beginning of winter is considered the day during which average temperature air did not exceed 0°C. Winter ends when the same temperature threshold is crossed back.

7. There is a concept of “nuclear winter” - a steady cooling caused by massive nuclear explosions. According to a theory developed at the end of the twentieth century, megatons of soot raised into the atmosphere atomic explosions, will limit the influx solar heat and light. The air temperature will drop to Ice Age which will be a disaster for Agriculture and wildlife in general. IN last years The concept of “nuclear winter” has been criticized by both optimists and pessimists. There have already been some semblances of nuclear winter in the memory of mankind - in 1815, during the eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia, so much dust entered the atmosphere that the following year in Europe and America was called “the year without summer.” Two centuries earlier, three abnormally cold years caused by a volcanic eruption in South America, led to famine and political upheaval in Russia. The Great Troubles began, which almost ended in the death of the state.

8. There is a popular belief that in the winter of 1941, German troops would have taken Moscow if not for “General Frost” - the winter was so severe that the Europeans, not accustomed to the cold, and their equipment could not fight. That winter is indeed one of the ten most severe in Russia in the Black Sea century, but severe cold began already in January 1942, when the Germans were driven back from Moscow. December 1941, in which the Red Army attacked, was quite mild - the temperature dropped below -10°C in a matter of days.

They were not warned about the frost

9. As practice shows, in modern Russia The catastrophe is not a harsh winter, but an unstable winter. A good illustration is the winter of 2011/2012. December consequences freezing rain were catastrophic: thousands of kilometers of broken wires, a mass of fallen trees, human casualties. At the end of January it became sharply cold, the temperature remained stable at -20°C, but nothing particularly serious happened in Russia. IN neighboring countries with more warm climate(and all around Russia there are countries with warmer climates) people froze in dozens.

Freezing rain is often more dangerous than severe frosts

10. In the winter of 2016/2017, snow fell in the most exotic places for snowfall. Almost a meter of snow covered some of the Hawaiian Islands. Previously, their residents could only see snow in real life in the highlands. Snow fell in the Algerian part of the Sahara Desert, in Vietnam and Thailand. And for two last countries the snow fell at the end of December, that is, in the middle of summer, which led to corresponding consequences for agriculture.

Snow in the Sahara

11. Snow is not always white. In America, red snow sometimes falls - it is colored by an algae with the dubious name of chlamydomonas. Red snow tastes like watermelon. In 2002, snow of several colors fell in Kamchatka - sandstorms thousands of kilometers from the peninsula, dust and grains of sand were raised into the atmosphere, and they colored the snowflakes. But when in 2007 residents Omsk region We saw orange snow, but the cause of the color could not be determined.

12. The most popular winter sport is hockey. But if several decades ago hockey was the prerogative of countries with pronounced winters, now hockey - and even at the professional level - is played in such conditions. winter countries like Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Morocco.

13. The first and only battle ground forces with the fleet took place in the winter of 1795 on the roadstead of the Dutch city of Den Helder. The winter was very severe then, and the Dutch fleet was frozen into ice. Having learned about this, the French launched a covert night attack on the ships. Having wrapped rags around the horseshoes of their horses, they managed to secretly approach the ships. Each horseman also carried an infantryman. The forces of the hussar regiment and an infantry battalion captured 14 battleships and a number of escort vessels.