Anna Akhmatova: interesting facts. Interesting facts about Anna Akhmatova

Hello, dear lovers of interesting facts. Today you will find out the most Interesting Facts about Akhmatova Anna Andreevna and her life. Who does not know this wonderful poetess? I think that at least you all have heard of it. So relax and read. Perhaps this article about her biography will be useful to you for a report or essay.

1. Anna Andreevna was born into the family of a hereditary nobleman, engineer Russian fleet Gorenko. However, when 11-year-old Anya became interested in versification, her father did not appreciate her daughter's talent and aspirations and forbade using her last name. Then the future poetess chose the name of her great-grandmother as a pseudonym and became Akhmatova.

2. There was a legend in the family of the future poetess that on the maternal side her ancestor was the Khan of the Great Horde Akhmat. This was the last ruler of the Horde, under political power which were all the Moscow princes. How much the legend corresponds to the truth is not known, but Akhmatova herself sincerely believed in the legend.

3. The mother of the poetess - I.E. Stogova was a distant relative of "Russian Sappho", "The Tenth Muse" (as her contemporaries called her) - Anna Petrovna Bunina. A.P. Bunina, who belonged to the same noble family to which V.A. Zhukovsky and I.A. Bunin belonged, became famous as the first Russian woman poet. It is known for certain that, due to illness, Anna Bunina left for treatment in England, where she corresponded with her famous contemporary, Walter Scott.

4. Inna Erazmovna Stogova dedicated her life to her 6 children. One of the older sisters of Anna Andreevna, Irina, fell ill and died when Anna was 5. The parents managed to hide the fact of her daughter's death from the rest of the children, because the girl lived with her aunt. But Akhmatova always mentioned that she felt the misfortune that came to the family and this death left its mark on the poetess.

5. An amazing fact from the biography of Akhmatova. She grew up Akhmatova in a house where there were no books. The mother was the source of creative thought in the family. She knew by heart many poems of different poets by heart. Inna Erazmovna was the first to decide that her daughter would become a poet. She prophesied such a fate for Anna even before the girl wrote her first lines.

6. Life led Anna Andreevna along the paths laid by the Muses. The girl, born not far from Odessa, was brought to live in Tsarskoye Selo a year later. The poetess had an interesting memory connected with this place. Walking with the nanny along the well-known alleys, Anya found a pin in the shape of a lyre. She thought that this little thing was lost by himself, who spent time in the shade of these trees a century before the birth of his young admirer.

7. Another story from the life of Akhmatova is connected with Pushkin. Once he dreamed of F. Ranevskaya, with whom Akhmatova was close friends. She decided to call and break the news. Anna Andreevna, envious, blurted out: “How happy you are! I never dreamed of him! The poetess extolled Alexander Sergeevich, called her teacher and, as friends later recalled, sometimes it even seemed that she was in love with Pushkin. Akhmatova never hid her hatred for Natalya Goncharova (was she jealous?). During conversations about the great poet, Akhmatova was transformed, she forgot her sorrows.

8. The wedding with Nikolai Gumilyov, with whom she had known for 7 years, logically fit into the poetic fate of the girl. An ardent admirer of Oscar Wilde, Gumilev in those years wore a bowler hat, curled his hair and even, like his idol, tinted his lips. And yet - dreamed of the Unattainable beautiful lady. Akhmatova, with her love for anything except Gumilyov, became an ideal wife.

9. During a honeymoon in Paris, Anna Andreevna meets the artist A. Modigliani, but on serious romance did not have enough time. Nikolai Stepanovich also does not deny himself the pleasure of communicating with different women. In two years family life he truly falls in love with a beauty dying of tuberculosis. Upon learning of this, Akhmatova realizes that she was overthrown from the pedestal of the Muse and Goddess. She put Modigliani's letters in a volume of Gauthier's poetry and arranged it so that her husband would find them. They were quits.

10. After the execution of Gumilyov, Akhmatova married three more times. But all her husbands suffered one fate - she renounced them alive, but remained faithful to the dead. So, helping enthusiasts to collect facts from the life of Gumilyov, Akhmatova admitted that she carefully kept his poems and, in spite of everything, contributed to their reprint.

11. Akhmatova herself was able to predict her death. Lying down in a sanatorium, where they passed her last days, Anna Andreevna said: “It is a pity that there is no Bible there.” The son of Akhmatova and Gumilyov, Lev, with whom she never had a warm relationship during her lifetime, understood and forgave her mother after she left this world. Witnesses told how they saw a gray-haired doctor wandering around the neighborhood with students in search of materials for a monument to his mother.

We hope that our today's interesting facts about Akhmatova A.A. you liked it, and you will certainly come back for a new batch of educational information.

Anna Akhmatova is known to all educated people. This is an outstanding Russian poetess of the first half of the twentieth century. However, few people know about how much this truly great woman had to endure.

We bring to your attention short biography of Anna Akhmatova. We will try not only to focus on the most milestones life of the poetess, but also to tell interesting facts from her.

Biography of Akhmatova

Anna Andreevna Akhmatova is a famous world-class poetess, writer, translator, literary critic and critic. Born in 1889, Anna Gorenko (this is her real name), spent her childhood in her native city of Odessa.

The future classicist studied in Tsarskoe Selo, and then in Kyiv, at the Fundukleevskaya gymnasium. When she published her first poem in 1911, her father forbade her to use real name, in connection with which Anna took the name of her great-grandmother - Akhmatova. It was with this name that she entered Russian and world history.

One interesting fact is connected with this episode, which we will present at the end of the article.

By the way, above you can see a photo of young Akhmatova, which differs sharply from her subsequent portraits.

Akhmatova's personal life

In total, Anna had three husbands. Was she happy in at least one marriage? Hard to tell. In her works we find a lot of love poetry.

But this is rather some kind of idealistic image of unattainable love, which has passed through the prism of Akhmatova's gift. But did she have the usual family happiness- it's hardly.

Gumilyov

The first husband in her biography was a famous poet, from whom she was born The only son– Lev Gumilyov (author of the theory of ethnogenesis).

After living for 8 years, they divorced, and already in 1921 Nikolai was shot.

It is important to emphasize here that the first husband passionately loved her. She did not reciprocate his feelings, and he knew about it even before the wedding. In a word, their living together was extremely painful and painful from constant jealousy and internal suffering of both.

Akhmatova was very sorry for Nikolai, but she did not feel feelings for him. Two poets from God could not live under one roof and dispersed. Even their son could not stop their disintegrating marriage.

Shileiko

In this difficult period for the country, the great writer lived very badly.

Having an extremely meager income, she earned money by selling herring, which was given out as a ration, and with the proceeds she bought tea and smoke, without which her husband could not do.

In her notes there is a phrase referring to this time: "I will soon get on all fours myself."

Shileiko was terribly jealous of his brilliant wife for literally everything: men, guests, poems and hobbies.

Punin

Akhmatova's biography developed rapidly. In 1922 she marries again. This time for Nikolai Punin, an art critic, with whom she lived the longest - 16 years. They parted in 1938, when Anna's son Lev Gumilyov was arrested. By the way, Lev spent 10 years in the camps.

Hard years of biography

When he was first imprisoned, Akhmatova spent 17 most difficult months in prison queues, bringing parcels to her son. This period of life forever crashed into her memory.

One day a woman recognized her and asked if she, as a poet, could describe all the horror experienced by the mothers of the innocently convicted. Anna answered in the affirmative and at the same time began work on her most famous poem, Requiem. Here is a small extract from there:

I've been screaming for seventeen months
I'm calling you home.
I threw myself at the feet of the executioner -
You are my son and my horror.

Everything is messed up,
And I can't make out
Now who is the beast, who is the man,
And how long to wait for the execution.

First world war Akhmatova completely limited her public life. However, this was incomparable with what happened later in her difficult biography. After all, she was still waiting ahead - the bloodiest in the history of mankind.

In the 1920s, a growing movement of emigration began. All this had a very hard effect on Akhmatova because almost all of her friends went abroad.

One conversation that took place between Anna and G.V. is noteworthy. Ivanov in 1922. Ivanov himself describes it this way:

I'm going abroad the day after tomorrow. I'm going to Akhmatova - to say goodbye.

Akhmatova holds out her hand to me.

- Are you leaving? Bow from me to Paris.

- And you, Anna Andreevna, are not going to leave?

- No. I will not leave Russia.

But it's getting harder and harder to live!

Yes, it's getting harder.

- Can become quite unbearable.

- What to do.

- You won't leave?

- I'm not leaving.

In the same year, she wrote a famous poem that drew a line between Akhmatova and the creative intelligentsia who emigrated:

I am not with those who left the earth
At the mercy of enemies.
I will not heed their rude flattery,
I won't give them my songs.

But the exile is eternally pitiful to me,
Like a prisoner, like a patient
Dark is your road, wanderer,
Wormwood smells of someone else's bread.

Since 1925, the NKVD has issued an unspoken ban that no publishing house should publish any of Akhmatova's works because of their "anti-nationality".

IN short biography it is impossible to convey the burden of moral and social oppression that Akhmatova experienced during these years.

Having learned what fame and recognition are, she was forced to drag out a miserable, half-starved existence, in complete oblivion. At the same time, realizing that her friends abroad are regularly published and deny themselves little.

A voluntary decision not to leave, but to suffer with your people - that's the real thing. amazing fate Anna Akhmatova. During these years, she was interrupted by random translations of foreign poets and writers and, in general, lived extremely poorly.

Creativity Akhmatova

But let's go back to 1912, when the first collection of poems by the future great poetess was published. It was called "Evening". This was the beginning creative biography future star in the sky of Russian poetry.

Three years later, a new collection of "Rosary" appears, which was printed in the amount of 1000 pieces.

Actually, from this moment, the nationwide recognition of Akhmatova's great talent begins.

In 1917 the world saw A new book with poems "The White Flock". It was published twice as large in circulation, through the previous collection.

Among the most significant works of Akhmatova, one can mention the "Requiem", written in 1935-1940. Why is this poem considered one of the greatest?

The fact is that it displays all the pain and horror of a woman who lost her loved ones due to human cruelty and repression. And this image was very similar to the fate of Russia itself.

In 1941, Akhmatova wandered hungry around Leningrad. According to some eyewitnesses, she looked so bad that a woman, stopping near her, handed her alms with the words: "Take Christ for the sake of it." One can only imagine what Anna Andreevna felt at that time.

However, before the start of the blockade, she was evacuated to where she met with Marina Tsvetaeva. This was their only meeting.

A short biography of Akhmatova does not allow to show in all details the essence of her amazing poems. They seem to be talking to us alive, conveying and revealing many sides human soul.

It is important to emphasize that she wrote not only about the individual as such, but considered the life of the country and its fate as a biography of a single person, as a kind of living organism with its own virtues and morbid inclinations.

A subtle psychologist and a brilliant connoisseur of the human soul, Akhmatova managed to depict in her poems many facets of fate, its happy and tragic vicissitudes.

Death and memory

On March 5, 1966, Anna Andreevna Akhmatova died in a sanatorium near Moscow. On the fourth day, the coffin with her body was delivered to Leningrad, where a funeral took place at the Komarovsky cemetery.

In honor of the outstanding Russian poetess, many streets in the former republics are named Soviet Union. In Italy, in Sicily, a monument was erected to Akhmatova.

In 1982, a minor planet was discovered, which received its name in her honor - Akhmatova.

In the Netherlands, on the wall of one of the houses in the city of Leiden, the poem "Muse" is written in large letters.

Muse

When I wait for her arrival at night,
Life seems to hang by a thread.
What honors, what youth, what freedom
In front of a nice guest with a pipe in her hand.

And so she entered. Throwing back the cover
She looked at me carefully.
I tell her: “Did you dictate to Dante
Pages of Hell? Answers: "Me!".

Interesting facts from the biography of Akhmatova

Being a recognized classic, back in the 1920s, Akhmatova was subject to colossal censorship and silence.

She was not printed at all for decades, which left her without a livelihood.

However, despite this, abroad she was considered one of the greatest poets of our time and in different countries released without her knowledge.

When Akhmatova's father found out that his seventeen-year-old daughter began to write poetry, he asked "not to shame his name."

Her first husband Gumilev says that they often quarreled over their son. When Levushka was about 4 years old, he taught him the phrase: "My dad is a poet, and my mom is a hysteric."

When a poetic company had gathered in Tsarskoye Selo, Levushka entered the living room and shouted a memorized phrase in a loud voice.

Nikolai Gumilev was very angry, and Akhmatova was delighted and began to kiss her son, saying: “Clever, Leva, you are right, your mother is hysterical!” At that time, Anna Andreevna did not yet know what kind of life lay ahead of her, and what century was coming to replace the Silver Age.

The poetess kept a diary all her life, which became known only after her death. It is thanks to this that we know many facts from her biography.

Akhmatova was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1965, but it was ultimately awarded to Mikhail Sholokhov. Not so long ago it became known that initially the committee considered the option of dividing the prize between them. But then they still stopped at Sholokhov.

Two of Akhmatova's sisters died of tuberculosis, and Anna was sure that the same fate awaited her. However, she was able to overcome weak genetics and lived for 76 years.

Lying down in a sanatorium, Akhmatova felt the approach of death. In her notes she left a short phrase: "It is a pity that there is no Bible."

We hope that given biography Akhmatova answered all the questions you had about her life. We strongly recommend that you use the search on the Internet and read at least selected poems by the poetic genius Anna Akhmatova.

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The whole biography of Akhmatova is interesting facts from the life of the poetess. That was the time then. She was an unusual girl since childhood.

Anna Andreevna Gorenko was born on June 11, 1889 in a suburb of Odessa. She was an obstinate child, she studied badly. But from the age of ten she wrote absolutely not children's poems. The parents were horrified. Father said: "Do not dishonor my name!". At the age of 16, Anna shouted out: “And I don’t need your name!”. And then the story began with a pseudonym.

Two versions

Interesting facts from the life of Akhmatova, of course, include the legend with her pseudonym. According to one version, there was an ancestor in her father's family - a Tatar girl named after him and took a pseudonym. According to another, Akhmatova was her maternal grandmother, whose surname she took, so as not to disgrace her father's name, or rather, so that she herself would no longer bear his surname.

Interesting facts from the life of Anna Akhmatova as an aspiring poet

In 1912, the first collection of poems by Akhmatova "Evening" was published. The foreword was written by Mikhail Kuzmin. In those days, it was fashionable for already established writers to write prefaces for the first publication of a novice poet. Kuzmin immediately understood exactly its nature. Already in this collection one can see the love and talent of the poetess for details. "Song of last meeting", where she puts on the wrong gloves, and then "Clenched her hands under dark veil" and so on.

Criticism began to call Akhmatova's poetry a lyrical novel. This means that there is a narrative, in each poem there is one or another story. It is very dynamic, filled with details that are not secondary.

So no one wrote, neither before nor after, like Anna Akhmatova. Biography, interesting facts from life, however, for some reason, people are more interested in than her work. Although, of course, without all these details, one cannot understand the depth of her poetry, the whole meaning that she put into her works. Therefore, it is useful to know both uninteresting and interesting facts from the life of Akhmatova, to briefly study her biography.

Anna and Nikolai

In the biography of young Akhmatova, there are many coincidences with Both studied at both fell under the influence of the poet who was the director of the lyceum. Both began to write poetry early. It is no coincidence that they fell in love with each other. And in the same year in which the collection "Evening" was released, they got married.

They met in 1903, and, of course, Nikolai immediately fell in love with a black-haired girl who forever became his muse.

Interesting facts from the life of Anna Akhmatova with Gumilyov

Their marriage could not be successful. Gumilyov felt that his beloved woman, his muse, was at the same time a competitor and, it seems, was outplaying him. Anna is already recognized as a poet, and she writes more poetry. In 1914 Gumilev volunteered for the war. Anna dedicated poems to him, although by this time they no longer lived together. Both of them were religiously related to the war. It was at this time that the "citizenship" of Akhmatov's verse took shape. She is very devoted to her homeland, she loves her land, she sympathizes with all the events that are happening to her country.

In 1918, the couple officially divorced, Akhmatova remarried. Her husband was the scientist and poet Vladimir Shileiko. She never liked ordinary people.

Nicknames Akhmatova

The nicknames that Anna Andreevna was given on the sidelines, in the press, among the people are also interesting facts from the life of Akhmatova. Already at the age of 24, she was called a half-nun, half-harlot for her frequent change of husbands. For her work, she was nicknamed Russian Sappho and Anna of All Rus'. The latter is pleasant, the former, of course, not. However, she has earned such a reputation for herself. There was not a single bad word that she could not call herself in poetry. She even called herself a bad mother.

However, despite all this, many women, right up to the Second World War, dressed, stylized as Akhmatova, so they liked her image, which she wrote of herself: “There is a row of small rosaries on her neck.”

Interesting facts from the life of Akhmatova could be briefly summarized in the listing of her lovers and husbands. But in those days it seemed a shocking fact - to go from one to another, then to a third, and so on. In fact, the most interesting facts from the life of Anna Akhmatova are just something else. In her tragedies, in her relationship with literature and with the country.

Time of great upheaval

The year 1921 was a year of great shocks for Anna Andreevna. This year they shot Nikolai Gumilyov, with whom they did not stop communicating even after the divorce. And almost at the same time, Alexander Blok dies, who was for her a great poet, a model, the loss of which she felt very tragically. It is surprising that at this time her talent is enriched, the gift becomes stronger and more powerful. And she does not plunge into a depressive lonely state at all.

August 10 is the day of Blok's funeral and the day of the Smolensk holy icon. And Akhmatova dedicates a verse to the poet: “And Smolensk is now a birthday girl.” This is a memorial poem, in the future there will be many more. Akhmatova buried many friends and loved ones in her life.

In the same year, the beloved person of the poetess leaves Russia forever. He, of course, calls her with him. But she does not leave her homeland, she prefers to bear all the hardships with her.

The most amazing and interesting facts from the life of Akhmatova will remain forever unknown to us - this is what and how helped her withstand all the blows of fate. She was a person of great culture and intelligence. She read Dante and Shakespeare in the original, was a great textual critic, a specialist in the history of the creation of their works. And this was in those days when there was nothing to eat and wear, and she had enough strength for science and creativity.

Akhmatova studied all her life from the books and texts she worked with. She was even awarded the mantle of Doctor of Letters in England. Anna Andreevna passed away in 1866, but she forever remained in the history of Russian and world literature.

Anna Andreevna Akhmatova is the most complex and extraordinary personality of the previous century. This woman, like many other writers Silver Age, received the blows of life in the form of imprisonment, death and persecution by the authorities. Anna Andreevna loved and lived, and also wrote beautiful works, thanks to which she was able to enter the history of Russian literature.

1. Anna Andreevna Akhmatova had a difficult fate.

2.A short biography of Akhmatova is considered life in verse.

3.This great woman originally from Odessa.

4. Akhmatova is a pseudonym chosen as the surname of Anna's great-grandmother.

5. Family surname of Anna Andreevna Gorenko.

6. Anna Akhmatova wrote her poems from early childhood.

7. In the biography of Akhmatova there were many travels that could leave a mark not only on her life path but also in the creative field.

8. In the spring of 1911, Anna Andreevna spent time in Paris.

9. In 1912, Akhmatova visited Italy.

10. In the post-revolutionary years, Anna Andreevna Akhmatova worked in the library.

11. It was there that she managed to study creative way Pushkin.

12. Akhmatova managed to write her first verse at the age of 11.

13. Starting from 1935, the poems of this poetess were not published and it lasted a very long time.

14. Akhmatova's creativity was able to gain a foothold in the hearts of readers as a phenomenon of the 20th century.

15. Anna Andreevna's dad could not appreciate her creations, because he never liked such a girl's hobby.

16. While studying at the Tsarskoye Selo gymnasium for women, Akhmatova met her own husband.

17. Gumilyov, her future husband, immediately liked Anna.

18. In 1910, Anna's wedding took place.

19. Anna did not immediately have reciprocal feelings for Nikolai Gumilyov, but soon she realized that she was truly in love.

20. Anna Andreevna Akhmatova's husband had an affair on the side.

21. The reason for the divorce of Anna and Nikolai was supposedly Akhmatova's new love, which in reality was not. Anna Andreevna was devoted to her husband.

22. In 1912, the first collection of poems by Anna Akhmatova was published.

23. Anna Andreevna sharply limited her own public life with the advent of the First World War.

24. The family of Anna Akhmatova and Nikolai Gumilyov broke up almost immediately, but they divorced only after 4 years.

25. A son was born in the marriage of Anna Akhmatova.

26. The son of Anna Akhmatova was named Leo and gave him the name of his father.

27. In the process of her own life, Anna Akhmatova kept a diary.

29. Even Stalin spoke well of Akhmatova.

30. Anna Andreevna was able to feel the approach of her own death.

31. After the death of the great poetess, her readers did not forget about her work.

32. In Kaliningrad, a street was named after Anna Akhmatova.

33. Anna Andreevna Akhmatova tried to write only in the classical style.

34. Akhmatova was subject to censorship, silence and harassment.

35. Before Akhmatova, no one wrote like this woman.

36. The biography of Anna Andreevna Akhmatova and her husband Nikolai Gumilyov is intertwined, and many points coincide.

37. Anna Akhmatova was a black-haired girl.

38. Akhmatova's husband went to war as a volunteer.

39. Anna Andreevna Akhmatova had a huge number of nicknames.

40. Akhmatova called herself a bad mother.

41. 1921 was considered the year of great shocks for Akhmatova.

42. It was during this period that Anna's ex-husband was shot.

43. Also this year Blok died, who was considered an example for Anna Akhmatova.

44. Anna Akhmatova was able to dedicate a verse to Blok.

46. ​​Anna Andreevna is a witness of two wars.

47. Even in Kuala Lumpur, the 120th anniversary of the poetess was celebrated.

48. Akhmatova tried to improve her creativity.

49. After Anna Andreevna Akhmatova died, her son understood all the suffering own mother and built a monument to her.

50. Akhmatova is considered the most talented poetess of the Silver Age.

51. In the process of each war, Anna Andreevna had a creative upsurge.

52. The father of the poetess was considered a captain of the second rank.

53. Akhmatova's mother was an intelligent woman.

54. Since childhood, Anna studied secular etiquette and French.

55. Anna Akhmatova grew up in an intelligent family.

56. The son of the poetess was in the camps.

57. Akhmatova was able to get her doctorate from Oxford University.

58. Anna Andreevna died in Domodedovo near Moscow.

60. Only before own death Anna was able to get close to her son Leo.

61. When Akhmatova's son was arrested, she began to go to the famous prison with other mothers.

62. Anna Andreevna Akhmatova also worked in Chicherin's house.

63.B early years of her life, Anna Andreevna went to historical and literary courses.

64. In Odessa and Kyiv there is a street named after this poetess.

65. Anna Akhmatova hoaxed a lot.

66. Akhmatova was a vindictive person.

67. Several times the poetess tried to burn her own archive.

68. Akhmatova's life was filled with chaos.

69. The first man in the life of Akhmatova, who could not be relied upon, was considered her dad.

70. Anna Akhmatova's acquaintance with her future husband happened in a friendly company.

71. Anna's husband was ugly.

72. Anna Akhmatova, when meeting with Gumilyov, was no longer innocent.

73. After a divorce from her husband Gumilyov, Anna Akhmatova gave her son to her mother-in-law.

74. More than once Akhmatova took on male roles.

75. Admirers often fell in love with Anna Andreevna Akhmatova.

76. When Anna Akhmatova felt lonely after her divorce from her husband, she decided to marry again.

77. Orientalist and translator Vladimir Shileiko became her chosen one.

78. With a new husband, Anna lived in poverty for 3 years.

79. Anna Akhmatova was never submissive.

80. Akhmatova was able to escape from Shileiko.

81. The life of Anna Akhmatova lasted 77 years.

82. Akhmatova loved to analyze the work of Shakespeare and Pushkin.

83. Akhmatova managed to receive the Etna-Taormina award, which was awarded in Italy.

84. Anna Andreevna was a full member of the SSP.

85. Akhmatova was officially recognized as a creator after Stalin died.

86. Akhmatova was constantly surrounded by talented people, such as: Naiman, Brodsky.

87. When Anna Akhmatova came to Paris for the second time, she began an affair with Amedeo Modigliani.

88. Anna Andreevna Akhmatova was a friend of Mandelstam.

89. Even being old woman, Anna charmed the representatives of the stronger sex.

90. Marriage with Vladimir Shileiko for Anna was considered "by calculation."

91. Akhmatova studied with reluctance.

92. Anna Akhmatova had a distant relationship with the first poetess Anna Bunina.

93. Akhmatova always denied having closeness with Alexander Blok, but she did not give any denials about the affair with the emperor.

94. Anna always spoke about her family life with Gumilyov with notes of sarcasm.

95. Before the wedding, Anna Akhmatova refused Gumilyov several times.

96. Anna also incurred the wrath of Stalin.

97. Anna Andreevna Akhmatova could be different.

98. Akhmatova was also known as an excellent and sensitive psychologist.

99. In St. Petersburg there are monuments to this poetess.

100. This woman perfectly understood other people.

Anna Andreevna Akhmatova (Gorenko) is a talented and world-renowned poetess whose biography tells of the tragic fate of the generation of the last representatives of the nobility Russian Empire, supplemented by the drama characteristic of the life of many creative personalities.

Years of life: 1889 - 1966.

Being persecuted for most of her literary life, repeatedly experiencing repression against loved ones, Anna Akhmatova did not stop writing even in the most difficult moments.

The imprint of the tragedy, superimposed on the work of the poetess, gave him a special spiritual strength and anguish.

The best poems of Anna Akhmatova

Many works of the poetess have earned worldwide recognition.

Each was born on a special occasion, became a logical continuation of the events of her life:

1. The first collection of poems by the poetess was published in 1912 under the title "Evening", shortly before the birth of her son. It already contained many poems that made Akhmatova's name immortal: "Muse", "Garden", "Grey-eyed King", "Love".
2. The second collection was published already in the year 14, before the start of World War I, under the title "Rosary". It came out in a much larger circulation, but would be reprinted more than once. Reviews of critics noted a noticeable creative growth of the poetess. They emphasized the persuasiveness of the poetic language, many successful literary devices, rhythm and rare style poetess ("Alexander Blok", "In the Evening", "I learned to live simply, wisely").
3. Three years later - a month before the terrible revolutionary events of 1917, the collection "White Pack" was published. In his lines, written during the years of Russia's participation in World War I, the shades of intimate experiences of the lyrical heroine, which abounded in the poems of previous collections, are already faintly heard. Akhmatova becomes stricter, more patriotic, more tragic, an appeal to the Divine is tangibly manifested (“In Memory of July 19, 1914”, “Your spirit is darkened by arrogance”). The poetic style is noticeably improved. It was best time her life, giving complete freedom for creativity.
4. The collection "Plantain" came out in one of the most hard years for the poetess - in 1921, when she learns about her brother's suicide, about the execution ex-husband and the father of his child, Nikolai Gumilyov, about the death of a friend of A. Blok. It includes poems written mainly in the 17-20s. The poetess put into the name the idea that the revolution, having destroyed cultural heritage country and making it impossible for the growth of "cultivated plants", doomed its future to desolation - to "weeds". The theme of a blooming garden, the warm lyrics of the previous collections are almost never found, the mood is minor and thoughtful (“And then I was left alone”, “Immediately it became quiet in the house”). Pain and condemnation are heard in the verses from the fact that the color of the nation is leaving the country with a wide emigration flow (“You are an apostate: for the green island”).
5. In the collection "Anno Domini MCMXXI" there are few joyful lines at all. He was born after the upheavals experienced by Anna, therefore he leads the reader along the path of sadness and hopelessness ("Slander", "Prediction"), which the poetess herself went through.
6. And the apotheosis of the tragic pages of Akhmatova's work is the poem "Requiem", dedicated to the repressions of the 30s. The suffering of a mother whose son suffers in prison is just an episode in the global grief of an entire nation whose sons and daughters are being crushed by the soulless state machine.

Short biography of Anna Akhmatova

The future poetess was born in 1889 in the Russian Empire, in Odessa. Of the 6 children of the family of hereditary nobles Gorenko, no one wrote poetry except Anna.

After moving to St. Petersburg, Anna at the age of 10 entered the Tsarskoye Selo Mariinsky Gymnasium, at the age of 17 - at the Fundukleev Gymnasium in Kyiv, and in 1908-10. - Graduated from the Higher Women's Historical and Literary Courses.

early years

Already in early childhood, she learned French, and at the age of 11 she composed her first poem.

IN summer months the Gorenko family took out children suffering from tuberculosis to the sea - they had a house in the Crimea.

Anna on sea ​​coast she was known as a “wild lady”, because she did not feel burdened by secular requirements - she swam, sunbathed, ran barefoot, just like ordinary children of “ignoble blood”.

Subsequently, she will remember her free childhood in the poem "By the Sea", and will return to this topic later.

Personal life

unhappy women's fate haunted her all her life, despite the abundance male attention. The first union without love, with a difficult and turbulent family life, a short second and painful third marriages that ended in divorce.

At the same time, the charm, intelligence and talent of the poetess not only earned her literary fame, but also provided her with many admirers. The famous sculptor and artist Amadeo Modigliani was captivated by the young poetess during her first trip to Europe with Gumilyov.

At the same time, the first, most famous, portrait of Akhmatova appeared - a sketch of several strokes, which she cherished more than anyone else.

She kept fiery letters addressed to Anna Modigliani, and once allowed Gumilyov to discover them - as revenge for his betrayal. This helped her speed up the divorce.

Another admirer is the artist and writer Boris Anrep, whom she especially singled out from the mass of others. The poet dedicated several dozen poems to him.

Composer and musical critic Arthur Lurie, the philosopher and diplomat Isaiah Berlin also left a mark on the life of the Russian poetess, adding to the list of her admirers. Berlin even contributed to the receipt of Akhmatova's doctoral degree from Oxford University, many years later - already at the end of her life.

Husbands Akhmatova

Married to Nikolai Gumilyov, her first husband, Anna came out, being in love with another. She resigned herself to her fate, yielding to the long courtship of an exalted admirer, who made several suicide attempts because of unrequited love. Relatives of the groom did not approve of this marriage so much that they did not even appear at the wedding ceremony.

Gumilyov, being a talented poet, researcher and outstanding personality, was not ready for family life. Despite his passionate love for young Anna before marriage, he did not try to make his wife happy. Creative jealousy, betrayal on both sides, the lack of spiritual intimacy did not contribute to the preservation of the family. Only Gumilyov's long absences made it possible to delay the divorce by as much as 8 years.

They broke up because of his next hobby, but continued to maintain friendly communication. In marriage, Anna's only son, Lev Gumilyov, was born. Three years after the divorce, N. Gumilyov was shot by the Soviet authorities as a staunch monarchist, for not informing about an alleged counter-revolutionary conspiracy.

The second husband, with whom Anna married immediately after her divorce from Gumilyov, Vladimir Shileiko, was a talented scientist and poet. But, being very jealous of his wife, he limited her freedom, burned correspondence, and did not allow her to compose poetry. In 1921, tragic for Anna, they parted ways.

Akhmatova lived with her third husband civil marriage 15 years, since 1922. Nikolai Punin was also not a “common of the people” - he was a prominent scientist, art historian, critic, and held significant positions in power structures.

But, like the two previous husbands, he was also jealous of Anna for creativity, tried in every possible way to belittle her poetic talent. Akhmatova had to live with her son at Punin's house, where his first wife and daughter also lived. The children were not in equal conditions, preference was always given to the daughter of Nikolai, which greatly offended Anna.

When Punin was arrested for the first time, Akhmatova managed to secure his release. After some time, he broke up with Anna, starting a family with another woman. After living for several years in a new marriage, he was again arrested, and never returned from prison.

Creativity Akhmatova

The Silver Age of Russian poetry was rich in talents and literary trends. Akhmatova's work is a vivid example of such an original trend in literature as acmeism, the founder, and also the main authority of which was N. Gumilyov.

It is interesting that the public, not particularly favoring the poems of Gumilyov himself, enthusiastically reacted to the new representative of the movement, who quickly became a full member of the "Workshop of Poets".

The world of early Akhmatova's poems consists of clear forms, vivid emotions, achieved by the imagery and rhythm of the language, without leading into symbolism, blurring and incomprehensibility of mystical images.

Clear narrative phrases made the lines written by her close and understandable to the reader, without forcing them to guess the hidden meanings and subtexts.

The creative path of the poetess is divided into two periods. The first is built around the image of a lyrical heroine, loving, sensitive and suffering.

In the second period, the heroine undergoes metamorphoses, and the reason for this is life tests. Now this is a grieving mother, a woman, a patriot, acutely feeling the pain of the suffering of her people. Sometimes the border in her work is drawn along the Great Patriotic War, but this is not entirely correct.

There is no clear separation of these periods - with each collection, starting with "Plantain", a citizen of her fatherland becomes more and more clearly manifested in the heroine, and patriotic intensity grows stronger in poetry. Indeed, it reaches its apogee in the early 40s (“Oath”, “Courage”), the October Revolution becomes the impetus for its emergence, and it is fixed by the tragic year 1921 (“Anno Domini MCMXXI”).

After 1924, her poems ceased to be printed, and the Russian reader saw the official edition of the famous "Requiem" only by the end of the 80s, just a few years before the collapse of the Soviet Union.

After the evacuation from besieged Leningrad to Tashkent, she writes many poems that do not reach the public. She is surrounded on all sides by censorship and prohibitions, lives only on earnings for literary translations.

Last years of life and death

Only towards the end of her life, since 1962, the ice around the poetess begins to gradually melt. Another generation of readers has appeared. The disgrace against Akhmatova is a thing of the past - she speaks at author's evenings, her poems are quoted in literary circles.

A year before her death, the poetess is nominated for Nobel Prize in the field of literature.

The son of the poetess did not communicate with her for the last 10 years before the death of his mother. As a result, Akhmatova, being famous and beloved by the literary public, died alone, undergoing sanatorium treatment, at the respectable age of 76 years. The reason is another heart attack.

The poetess was buried near St. Petersburg, at the Komarovsky cemetery. She bequeathed to put a wooden cross on her grave.

Lev Nikolaevich arranged the place of her burial himself, with the help of students, having built a fragment of the camp wall with a prison window from cobblestones. Anna used to come to such a wall for 1.5 years to pass the parcels to her son.

Interesting facts from the biography of Anna Akhmatova

Having listed the most important, let's add a few more curious facts from the life and work of the poetess:

1. The father of the future poetess, Andrey Antonovich, a naval officer and nobleman, did not approve of her poetic experiments, demanding not to shame his surname with his rhymes. Anna Andreevna was offended, so from the age of 17 she began to sign as Akhmatova, taking the name of her great-grandmother by her mother, the successor of the old family of the princes Chagadaev and the Tatar branch of the Akhmatova. Subsequently, after the first divorce, the poetess will accept her pseudonym as a surname, officially. When asked about her nationality, she always answered that she comes from a Tatar family, originating from Khan Akhmat.
2. In 1965, the Nobel Prize Committee, considering two candidates from Russia - Akhmatova and Sholokhov, tended to divide the amount equally between the nominees. But in the end, preference was given to Sholokhov.
3. After the death of A. Modigliani, several previously unknown sketches were found. The image of the model very much resembles the image of the young Anna, which can be judged from her photo.
4. The son of the poetess did not forgive his mother for not rescuing him to freedom, accusing her of narcissism and lack of maternal love. Anna herself has always admitted that she is a bad mother. Incredibly gifted, charismatic and enthusiastic person scientific activity, Lev Nikolaevich experienced the full power of the repressive state machine, depriving him of his health and almost breaking him completely. He was sure that his mother could, but did not particularly strive to help him with his release from prison dungeons. He especially hated the poem "Requiem", believing that the requiem is not dedicated to those who are still alive, and his mother was too hasty to bury him.
5. Akhmatova died on the day of Stalin's death - March 5.

We learn about the details of the life of this unique woman from her diary, with which she did not part all her conscious life. The works written by Akhmatova also help to restore the events of those years, connected with the life of not only her own, but also of her contemporaries - people who were close to her to varying degrees.

History of the XX century, grinding the fate of many talented people, caused indelible damage to the Russian culture of the Silver Age. Based on Akhmatova's play "Prologue, or Dream in a Dream", the series "Moon at Zenith" was even filmed, where the main narrative line is the biographical memoirs of the poetess.