The length of the year on different planets. Which planet has the longest day? A year on Mars

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How long does it take day on venus. Description of the planet with the longest day in the solar system: retrograde Venus, reverse rotation, axial tilt.

Venus is already used to be called the sister of the Earth, because both planets practically converge in certain parameters and are located in the habitable zone. However, there is a main and noticeable difference - the length of the day. If on Earth the passage of the Sun across the sky takes 24 hours, then Venus day lasts - 116.75 days.

Sidereal and sunny days

Sidereal refers to the period during which the planet performs one axial rotation. But a sunny day is the time for the full passage of the Sun across the sky. The Earth takes 23 hours 56 minutes and 4.1 seconds for the first one, and exactly 24 hours for the solar one. But for Venus, one rotation of the axis takes 243.025 days. Features of the orbit of Venus can be studied in the diagram below.

Do not forget that this is the only planet in the solar system that has chosen a retrograde rotation (in the opposite direction). Yes, if you find yourself on its surface, the Sun will rise in the west.

A day on Venus retrograde seems to last longer than a year. But the concepts of sidereal and solar complicate things. Given orbital time, the Sun travels through the sky in 116.75 days, which is less than a year on Venus.

Axial tilt and temperature

The axis tilt index reaches only 2.64°. This is one of the lowest inclinations, second only to Mercury (0.03°). If we add the slowness of rotation and the isothermal surface, we get high heating.

The temperature is kept at around 462 ° C. It is the hottest planet within solar system. Moreover, the state between day and night changes slightly. There is practically no change of seasons.

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The planet has an extremely thick and dense atmospheric layer, whose mass is 93 times that of the earth. And the pressure indicator is 92 bar. We do not recommend standing on the surface, because not only will you get fried, but you will also be crushed.

In addition, the very atmosphere of Venus is incredibly toxic: carbon dioxide (96.5%) and a small amount of nitrogen (3.5%). All this leads to a suffocating greenhouse effect.

If we talk about the weather, then these are incredibly extreme conditions. The winds accelerate to 85 m/s, and the clouds fly around the entire planet in 4-5 days. At such speeds, the wind moves 60 times faster than the planetary revolution. Acceleration increases closer to the poles. But it's top notch. The closer to the surface, the slower until it reaches 5 km/h.

Due to the density, the atmosphere resembles water flows. Clouds are capable of generating lightning.

Venus can be perceived as the most extreme planet. hellish heat and long days! In general, it is not surprising that life there will not be very comfortable. Although, maybe with the right approach we will be able to create a unique colony.

Venus, the second planet in the solar system. It is named after the ancient goddess of love and beauty Aphrodite (the Romans - Venus). Venus has the same size as the Earth, and its mass is more than 80% of the Earth's mass. Located closer to the Sun than our planet, Venus receives from it more than twice as much light and heat as the Earth.

Venus is classified as an Earth-like planet, and is sometimes referred to as "Earth's sister" because the two planets are similar in size, gravity, and composition. However, the conditions on the two planets are very different! The surface of Venus is obscured by extremely thick, highly reflective sulfuric acid clouds, making it impossible to see the surface in visible light.

Since Venus is the inner planet of the solar system in relation to the Earth, we can observe the passage of Venus across the disk of the Sun, when from the Earth through a telescope this planet appears as a small black disk against the background of a huge luminary. However, this astronomical phenomenon is one of the rarest possible observations from the Earth's surface! For about two and a half centuries, there are four passages - two in December and two in June.

Due to the greenhouse effect, Venus is terribly hot. The atmosphere, which is a dense blanket of carbon dioxide, traps the heat that comes from the Sun. As a result, it accumulates a large number of thermal energy. On Earth, where the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is small, the natural greenhouse effect raises the global temperature by 30°C. And on Venus, the greenhouse effect raises the temperature by another 400°C!

In the atmosphere of Venus, lightning strikes twice as often as in the earth. This phenomenon is called the "electric dragon of Venus". The nature of this electrical activity is still unknown. For the first time, this phenomenon was recorded by the Venera-2 apparatus. Moreover, they discovered it as interference in a radio transmission.

The atmosphere of Venus contains 105 times more gas than the atmosphere of Earth. The pressure of this atmosphere near the surface is very high, 95 times higher than on Earth. Spaceships have to be designed to withstand the crushing, crushing force of the atmosphere. In 1970 the first spaceship, which arrived on Venus, was able to withstand the terrible heat for only about one hour - just enough to send data on surface conditions to Earth.

All details of the relief of Venus are female names, including Russians: on the map you can find the Lada Land, the Snegurochka Plain and even the Baba Yaga Canyon! The only exceptions to the rule are the highest mountain range on the planet, named after James Maxwell, and the Alpha and Beta regions!

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Do you know...

Venus rotates around its axis in the direction opposite to the direction of other planets in the solar system - from east to west. Only one other planet in our system, Uranus, behaves this way. One revolution around the axis takes 243 Earth days. But the Venusian year is only 224.7 Earth days. It turns out that a day on Venus lasts longer than a year!

There is a hypothesis that in the past the satellite of Venus was Mercury, which was subsequently “lost” by it. On the basis of calculations, it was shown that this hypothesis well explains the acquisition by Venus of rotation, the opposite of the main one in the solar system, the heating of the planet's surface and the occurrence dense atmosphere

The surface of Venus is covered with hundreds of thousands of volcanoes. There are several very large ones: 3 km high and 500 km wide. But most of the volcanoes are 2-3 km across and about 100 m high. Volcanoes all the time emit streams of small droplets of sulfuric acid. In some places, thick lava, gradually oozing, accumulates in the form of huge puddles up to 25 km wide.

Venus is easily recognizable as it far surpasses the brightest stars in brilliance. In fact, it is the third brightest object in our sky after the Sun and Moon! Venus is called the Morning Star, and also the Evening Star, because from the Earth it looks brightest shortly before sunrise and sunset (in ancient times it was believed that these were different stars).

Here on Earth, people take time for granted. But in fact, at the heart of everything is extremely a complex system. For example, the way people calculate days and years follows from the distance between the planet and the Sun, from the time it takes the Earth to make a complete revolution around a gas star, and also the time it takes to complete a 360-degree movement around its own planet. axes. The same method applies to the rest of the planets in the solar system. Earthlings are used to believing that there are 24 hours in a day, but on other planets, the length of the day is much different. In some cases they are shorter, in others they are longer, sometimes significantly. The solar system is full of surprises and it's time to explore it.

Mercury

Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun. This distance can be from 46 to 70 million kilometers. Considering the fact that Mercury takes about 58 Earth days to turn around 360 degrees, it is worth understanding that on this planet you will only see a sunrise every 58 days. But in order to describe a circle around the main star of the system, Mercury needs only 88 Earth days. This means that a year on this planet lasts about one and a half days.

Venus

Venus, also known as the Earth's twin, is the second planet from the Sun. The distance from it to the Sun is from 107 to 108 million kilometers. Unfortunately, Venus is also the slowest rotating planet, which can be seen when looking at its poles. While absolutely all the planets in the solar system have experienced flattening at the poles due to the speed of their rotation, Venus does not show signs of it. As a result, Venus needs about 243 Earth days to go around the main body of the system once. It may seem strange, but it takes the planet 224 days to complete a full rotation on its axis, which means only one thing: a day on this planet lasts longer than a year!

Earth

When we are talking about about a day on Earth, people usually think of it as 24 hours, when in fact the rotation period is only 23 hours and 56 minutes. Thus, one day on Earth is about 0.9 earthly days. It looks strange, but people always prefer simplicity and convenience over accuracy. However, everything is not so simple, and the length of the day can change - sometimes it is even actually equal to 24 hours.

Mars

In many ways, Mars can also be called Earth's twin. In addition to having snow poles, changing seasons, and even water (albeit in a frozen state), a day on the planet is extremely close in duration to a day on Earth. It takes Mars 24 hours, 37 minutes and 22 seconds to rotate around its axis. Thus, here the day is slightly longer than on Earth. As mentioned earlier, the seasonal cycles here are also very similar to those on Earth, so the options for the length of the day will be similar.

Jupiter

Given the fact that Jupiter is largest planet Solar system, one would expect that the day on it would be incredibly long. But in reality, everything is completely different: a day on Jupiter lasts only 9 hours, 55 minutes and 30 seconds, that is, one day on this planet is about a third of an Earth day. This is due to the fact that this gas giant has a very high rotation speed around its axis. It is because of this that very strong hurricanes are also observed on the planet.

Saturn

The situation on Saturn is very similar to that observed on Jupiter. Despite big size, the planet has a slow rotation rate, so Saturn takes only 10 hours and 33 minutes to complete a 360-degree rotation. This means that one day on Saturn is less than half the length of an Earth day. And, again, high speed rotation leads to incredible hurricanes and even a constant swirling storm at the south pole.

Uranus

When it comes to Uranus, the issue of calculating the length of the day becomes difficult. On the one hand, the time of rotation of the planet around its axis is 17 hours, 14 minutes and 24 seconds, which is slightly less than a standard Earth day. And this statement would be true if not for the strongest axial tilt of Uranus. The angle of this slope is more than 90 degrees. This means that the planet is moving past the main star of the system, actually on its side. Moreover, in this scenario, one pole is very for a long time looks towards the Sun - as much as 42 years. As a result, we can say that a day on Uranus lasts 84 years!

Neptune

Last on the list is Neptune, and here also the problem of measuring the length of the day arises. The planet makes a complete rotation around its axis in 16 hours, 6 minutes and 36 seconds. However, there is a catch here - given the fact that the planet is a gas-ice giant, its poles rotate faster than the equator. The rotation time was indicated above magnetic field planets - its equator turns around in 18 hours, while the poles complete a circular rotation in 12 hours.

quoted1 > > Which planet has the longest day?

Venus is the planet with the longest day in the solar system. Description Venus retrograde, rotation around the axis and a comparison table with other planets.

To rank the length of the day on the planets of the solar system, it is important to understand exactly what we mean. Day of the planet - the time during which the body performs the rotation of the axis. We know that the Earth has 24 hours. But others solar planets differ considerably. At Venus longest day among all the planets in the solar system- 243 days. This is even longer than its orbital round - 224.65 days.

Let's compare with the indicators of other planets in order:

• Mercury: 58 days and 15 hours.
• Venus: 243 days.
• Mars: 24 hours, 39 minutes and 35 seconds.
• Jupiter: 9.9 hours.
• Saturn: 10 hours 45 minutes 45 seconds.
• Uranus: 17 hours, 14 minutes and 24 seconds.
• Neptune: 16 hours, 6 minutes and 36 seconds. But here it is worth noting that the equator and the poles rotate with different speed.

And now let's deal with how long a day lasts on Venus. The fact is that the planet is planted closer to the star and is distinguished by retrograde rotation - in the opposite direction.

Several probes have been on the surface of Venus, which even managed to get to the surface. You will be surprised, but in 1973 they considered the possibility of a human mission. The crew was supposed to consist of three people on a Saturn-V rocket and fly at a distance of 5000 km from the planet.

Here on Earth, we tend to take time for granted, never thinking that the step in which we measure it is rather relative.

For example, how we measure our days and years is the actual result of our planet's distance from the Sun, the time it takes to complete an orbit around it, and rotate around its own axis. The same is true for other planets in our solar system. While we earthlings calculate a day in 24 hours from dawn to dusk, the length of one day on another planet is significantly different. In some cases, it is very short, while in others, it can last more than a year.

Day on Mercury:

Mercury is the closest planet to our Sun, starting at 46,001,200 km at perihelion ( closest distance to the Sun) to 69,816,900 km at aphelion (furthest). Mercury rotates on its axis in 58.646 Earth days, which means that a day on Mercury takes about 58 Earth days from dawn to dusk.

However, it takes Mercury only 87,969 Earth days to go around the Sun once (in other words, the orbital period). This means that a year on Mercury is equivalent to approximately 88 Earth days, which in turn means that one year on Mercury lasts 1.5 Mercury days. Moreover, the northern polar regions of Mercury are constantly in shadow.

This is due to its 0.034° axial tilt (compared to Earth's 23.4°), which means that Mercury does not experience extreme seasonal changes where days and nights can last for months, depending on the season. It is always dark at the poles of Mercury.

Day on Venus:

Also known as Earth's twin, Venus is the second most nearby planet to our Sun - ranging from 107,477,000 km at perihelion to 108,939,000 km at aphelion. Unfortunately, Venus is also the slowest planet, this fact is obvious when you look at its poles. Whereas the planets in the solar system experienced flattening at the poles due to rotational speed, Venus did not survive it.

Venus rotates at only 6.5 km/h (compared to Earth's rational speed of 1670 km/h), which results in a sidereal rotation period of 243.025 days. Technically, this is minus 243.025 days, since Venus's rotation is retrograde (i.e. rotation in the opposite direction of its orbital path around the Sun).

Nevertheless, Venus still rotates around its axis in 243 Earth days, that is, a lot of days pass between its sunrise and sunset. This may seem strange until you know that one Venusian year is 224.071 Earth days long. Yes, Venus takes 224 days to complete its orbital period, but more than 243 days to go from dawn to dusk.

So one day of Venus is a little more than a Venusian year! It is good that Venus has other similarities with the Earth, but this is clearly not a daily cycle!

Day on Earth:

When we think of a day on Earth, we tend to think it's just 24 hours. In truth, the sidereal period of the Earth's rotation is 23 hours 56 minutes and 4.1 seconds. So one day on Earth is equivalent to 0.997 Earth days. Oddly enough, again, people prefer simplicity when it comes to time management, so we round up.

At the same time, there are differences in the length of one day on the planet depending on the season. Due to the tilt of the earth's axis, the amount of sunlight in some hemispheres will change. The most striking cases occur at the poles, where day and night can last for several days and even months, depending on the season.

At the North and South Poles in winter period, one night can last up to six months, known as the "polar night". In summer, the so-called “polar day” will begin at the poles, where the sun does not set for 24 hours. It's actually not as easy as one would like to imagine.

Day on Mars:

In many ways, Mars can also be called Earth's twin. Add seasonal fluctuations and water (albeit in frozen form) to the polar ice cap, and a day on Mars is pretty close to Earth. Mars makes one revolution on its axis in 24 hours.
37 minutes and 22 seconds. This means that one day on Mars is equivalent to 1.025957 Earth days.

Seasonal cycles on Mars are more similar to ours than on any other planet due to its 25.19° axial tilt. As a result, Martian days experience similar changes with the Sun rising early and setting late in the summer and vice versa in the winter.

However, seasonal changes last twice as long on Mars because the Red Planet is at a greater distance from the Sun. This leads to martian year lasts twice as long as Earth's - 686.971 Earth days or 668.5991 Martian days or Sol.

Day on Jupiter:

Considering the fact that this is the most big planet in the solar system, one would expect a day on Jupiter to be long. But as it turns out, officially a day on Jupiter lasts only 9 hours 55 minutes and 30 seconds, which is less than a third of the length of an Earth day. This is due to the fact that the gas giant has a very great speed rotation of approximately 45,300 km / h. Such a high rotation speed is also one of the reasons why the planet has such violent storms.

Note the use of the word formal. Since Jupiter is not a solid body, it upper atmosphere moving at a speed different from the speed at its equator. Basically, the rotation of Jupiter's polar atmosphere is 5 minutes faster than that of the equatorial atmosphere. Because of this, astronomers use three frames of reference.

System I is used at latitudes from 10°N to 10°S, where its rotation period is 9 hours 50 minutes and 30 seconds. System II applies at all latitudes north and south of them, where the rotation period is 9 hours 55 minutes and 40.6 seconds. System III corresponds to the rotation of the planet's magnetosphere, and this period is used by the IAU and IAG to determine Jupiter's official rotation (i.e. 9 hours 44 minutes and 30 seconds)

So, if you could theoretically stand on the clouds of a gas giant, you would see the Sun rise less than once every 10 hours at any latitude of Jupiter. And in one year on Jupiter, the Sun rises about 10,476 times.

Day on Saturn:

The situation of Saturn is very similar to Jupiter. Despite its large size, the planet has an estimated rotational speed of 35,500 km/h. One sidereal rotation of Saturn takes approximately 10 hours and 33 minutes, making one day on Saturn less than half an Earth day.

The orbital period of Saturn's rotation is equivalent to 10,759.22 Earth days (or 29.45 Earth years), and a year lasts approximately 24,491 Saturn days. However, like Jupiter, Saturn's atmosphere rotates at different rates depending on latitude, requiring astronomers to use three different frames of reference.

System I covers the equatorial zones of the South Equatorial Pole and the North equatorial belt, and has a period of 10 hours and 14 minutes. System II covers all other latitudes of Saturn, with the exception of the northern and south poles, a rotation period of 10 hours 38 minutes and 25.4 seconds. System III uses radio emission to measure Saturn's internal rotation rate, which resulted in a rotation period of 10 hours 39 minutes 22.4 seconds.

Using these various systems, scientists have obtained various data from Saturn over the years. For example, data acquired during the 1980s by the Voyager 1 and 2 missions indicated that a day on Saturn is 10 hours 45 minutes and 45 seconds (± 36 seconds).

In 2007, this was revised by researchers at the UCLA Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, leading to current assessment 10 hours and 33 minutes. Much like Jupiter, the problem accurate measurements due to the fact that different parts rotate at different speeds.

Day on Uranus:

As we approached Uranus, the question of how long a day lasts became more difficult. On the one hand, the planet has a sidereal rotation period of 17 hours 14 minutes and 24 seconds, which is equivalent to 0.71833 Earth days. Thus, we can say that a day on Uranus lasts almost as long as a day on Earth. This would be true were it not for the extreme axial tilt of this gas-ice giant.

With an axial tilt of 97.77°, Uranus essentially orbits the Sun on its side. This means that its north or south is facing directly towards the Sun at different time orbital period. When it is summer at one pole, the sun will shine there continuously for 42 years. When the same pole is turned away from the Sun (that is, it is winter on Uranus), there will be darkness for 42 years.

Therefore, we can say that one day on Uranus from sunrise to sunset lasts as much as 84 years! In other words, one day on Uranus lasts as long as one year.

Also, as with other gas/ice giants, Uranus rotates faster at certain latitudes. Therefore, while the rotation of the planet at the equator, at approximately 60° south latitude, is 17 hours and 14.5 minutes, visible features atmospheres move much faster, making a complete revolution in just 14 hours.

Day on Neptune:

Finally, we have Neptune. Here, too, the measurement of one day is somewhat more complicated. For example, Neptune's sidereal rotation period is approximately 16 hours 6 minutes and 36 seconds (equivalent to 0.6713 Earth days). But due to its gas/ice origin, the planet's poles rotate faster than the equator.

Taking into account that the speed of rotation of the planet's magnetic field is 16.1 hours, equatorial zone rotates approximately 18 hours. Meanwhile, the polar regions rotate for 12 hours. This differential rotation is brighter than any other planet in the solar system, resulting in strong latitudinal wind shear.

In addition, the planet's 28.32° axial tilt results in seasonal fluctuations similar to those on Earth and Mars. Neptune's long orbital period means the season lasts for 40 Earth years. But because its axial tilt is comparable to Earth's, the variation in its day length over its long year is not as extreme.

As you can see from this summary about the various planets in our solar system, the length of the day depends entirely on our frame of reference. In addition to that, the seasonal cycle varies depending on the planet in question and where the measurements are taken from on the planet.