Geography presentation on the natural areas of South America. Natural areas of South America Independent work with the text of the textbook

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Theme of the lesson: OBJECTIVES AND OBJECTIVES OF THE LESSON: To get acquainted with the natural areas characteristic of the mainland; To form an understanding of the plant and animal world South America; Name and show representatives of the flora and fauna of natural areas; Analyze the location of natural areas on the map; Form an idea about altitudinal zonality in the Andes; Create an image of the nature of South America by watching video clips about the nature of the mainland;

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EQUATORIAL FORESTS A characteristic feature of the mainland is the presence of impenetrable evergreen equatorial forests. They are distinguished by exceptional density, shading, richness and diversity of species composition, an abundance of vines and epiphytes. Tree crowns completely hide what is happening on the ground (view from the plane). The equatorial forests of the Amazon are one of the first places in the world in terms of length. The road in the Amazonian lowland, almost the entire space is occupied by the endless jungle.

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They are located on the Amazonian lowland and the adjacent eastern slopes of the Andes, as well as in the northern part of the Pacific coast in the region of the equatorial climatic zone. The rivers hardly make their way through the dense vegetation.

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TROPICAL FORESTS equatorial belt humid evergreen forests of the Amazon basin from the north and south adjoins the zone of evergreen subtropical forests. These equatorial and tropical forests are called selva, or selvas (translated from Portuguese, this means "forest").

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One of amazing plants- Amazonian Victoria. This is a giant water lily that prefers quiet backwaters, where its rounded, with sides, leaves float on the surface of the water, reaching 2 meters in diameter and capable of supporting weight up to 50 kg.

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Characteristic of South American rainforest types of chocolate tree with flowers and fruits sitting right on the trunk. The fruits of the cultivated chocolate tree, rich in valuable nutrients, provide raw materials for making chocolate. Seeds contain up to 50% fat. Cocoa butter is used in the confectionery industry and for the preparation of medicinal ointments.

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Hevea rubber belongs to the euphorbiaceae family, there are more than 10 species of this tree. Hevea is a source of natural rubber. Collectors receive 3-7.5 kg of rubber per year from one tree. Hevea was taken to Asia and is now cultivated there on plantations.

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The smallest monkey is 50-75 g and up to 30 cm in length. Many animals are adapted to life in trees, such as the spider monkey. The anteater is one of major representatives local animal world.

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Sloth - an inhabitant of the equatorial forest. This slow-moving animal hangs, hooked on branches with tenacious claws, with its back down. Body length - 50-60 cm. It feeds on leaves and fruits of trees. Its yellow-white coat is sometimes covered with green patches of algae.

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Capybara (capybara) is the largest rodent on Earth. This rodent lives near rivers and lakes, in wetlands. The capybara is a good swimmer. The weight of the animal reaches 100 kg, and the body length is more than 1 meter. Serves as an object of hunting for local residents.

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The world of birds is also rich: there are about 500 species of hummingbirds. This is the smallest bird on earth. Its weight is 1.6-1.8 g, and its length is 2.5 cm.

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SAVANNA Equatorial forests are replaced by grassy palm savannahs, which occupy mainly the subequatorial and tropical climatic zones. The savannahs on the Orinok lowland are called llanos (from Spanish - “smooth”). The savannahs of the Brazilian Plateau - campos (from the Portuguese - "plain") occupy significantly large area than llanos. The appearance of llanos and campos is approximately the same: tall grasses, free-standing palm trees, cacti, acacias, mimosas, the Kedracho tree. The fauna of the savannas is rather poor. The ostrich Nandu, small deer, wild pigs-bakers, armadillos, cougars live here.

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The armadillo belongs to the edentulous mammals. The body of the animal is covered on top with a thick shell of horny scutes. The armadillo reaches 1 m in length. It feeds on insects and larvae. During the day, the armadillo hides in burrows, and at night it wanders in search of food. In case of danger, he quickly burrows into the ground. Armadillo meat is edible and hunted.

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Puma - American Lion large predator savannah Body length - up to 190 cm. Once this big cat was distributed from Canada to Patagonia. Currently, this species is heavily exterminated, therefore it is protected as a rare animal.

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Wild Pigs Bakers reach a length of 1 meter and weigh up to 50 kg. feed on plant food. The inhabitants of the savannas and forests hunt them for their edible meat and durable hides.

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STEPPES To the south of the savannahs in the subtropical climatic zone are the steppes, which in South America are called the pampas, which, translated from the language of the Indians, means "a space devoid of woody vegetation." Almost all the lands are plowed up or turned into pastures, so there are almost no wild animals left, with the exception of rodents. The territory is covered with dense herbaceous vegetation: feather grass, wild millet, reeds.

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Lama - body length 1.5–1.75 cm. These animals are domesticated and have long been used as pack animals. They are hardy and submissive.

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SEMI-DESTERTS AND DESERT Semi-deserts and deserts occupy no large area. They are located in subtropical and temperate climatic zones. The vegetation is represented by dry grasses and cushion shrubs. The same animals live in the semi-deserts as in the pampas. This harsh land is called Patagonia.

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Slides captions:

natural areas South America

Digital dictation "Climatic zones of South America" ​​Climate types Subtropical dry Subtropical humid Tropical humid Subequatorial Equatorial

In which climatic zone: 1. Is the Orinok Lowland and the Guiana Highlands located? 2. Winter and summer heat(25-27 º C), is there precipitation throughout the year? 3. Is it hot in summer (25-27 º C), warm in winter (16-21 º C), precipitation is uniform throughout the year (1000-1080 mm)? 4. Summer is hot (22-24 º C), winter is warm (8-16 º C), precipitation is mainly in winter (600-800mm)? 5. The difference between summer and winter temperatures and winter air temperatures is insignificant, but seasonal precipitation is typical - dry winter period and humid summer? Answers: 4,5,3,1,4

Which river: 1. The second in the world in length and the largest in terms of basin area? 2. Flows from north to south and collects water from the southern slopes of the Brazilian highlands and interior plains, but the water level in it is fickle and fluctuates with the seasons? 3. Flows from south to north and collects water from the northern slopes of the Guiana Highlands and the Orinoco Lowland? Amazon, Parana, Orinoco

Image of the nature of South America

The biggest aquatic plant, leaf diameter reaches 2m-Victoria Regia

The smallest bird (weight-1.6-1.8g, length -5.5cm) is a hummingbird

Hoatzin is the only bird whose chicks have 2 fingers at the ends of their wings.

Most big spider- Birdeater - reaches a length of 28 cm

The largest beetle in the world is the Hercules Beetle, its body length is up to 20 cm

Anaconda is the most big snake. It reaches a length of 8.5 m and weighs up to 250 kg.

The most dangerous fish Amazons - piranha

The largest rodent is the capybara, weighing up to 100 kg and up to 1 m long.

The smallest monkey pygmy marmoset- 50-75g and up to 30cm in length

The slowest mammal is the sloth. The speed of its movement is 2.5 m / s

P/R Compilation of characteristics of natural areas natural conditions and natural components Moist equatorial forests Savannahs Deserts 1. Geography 2. Climate 3. Soils 4. Inland waters 5. Vegetation 6. Fauna Work in groups

1 2 3 4 Natural areas of South America 1. Moist equatorial forest 2. Savannah 3. Desert 4. Pampas

Selva Report 1 group

Savannah Report 2 groups

Desert Report 3 groups

Pampa Leading Task

What's happened? Who it? selva campos llanos pampa patagonia

Homework§ 44, task 2

Illustrations http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/eklekta-amon/view/25868 /?page=5 -selva http://radiuscity.ru/files/articles/issue111/article1049/3.jpg -deserts http: //ru.trinixy.ru/pics2/20071219/kapibara_36.jpg -capybara http://m-o-x-i.livejournal.com/216039.html -sloth http://photofile.ru/photo/vitalypol/2579420/48549081.jpg - savanna http://s08.radikal.ru/i181/0909/5e/56196356c78b.jpg -pampa http://foto.rambler.ru/users/wikosha/10/?p=8&sort=sort - victoria regia http:/ /www.25hour.ru/photogallery/hotels/2751058939_472e5751c4.jpg -hoatzin http://s55.radikal.ru/i149/0907/16/a4d8cd7d1a74.jpg -hummingbird http://1nsk.ru/data/foto/48 /600/9b5d568e3d.jpg -anaconda http://www.floranimal.ru/pages/animal/zh/2995.jpg -hercules beetle http://www.tarantulas.ru/photo/Theraphosa_blondi_3_foto.jpg -tarantula spider http: //geoman.ru/news/item/f00/s02/n0000278/pic/000000.jpg - piranha http://www.monkeyworld.ru/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/2292247048-6b60f58d4a.jpg - marmoset http://www.internet-school.ru/@@129228 - map

South America is the most
wet mainland. So here
forests are widespread and
deserts and semi-deserts
relatively few.

EQUATORIAL FORESTS of South America - selva

Alexander Humboldt - a German scientist called them Hylaea. And often these forests are also called “the lungs of the planet!

SAVANNA

Pampa - the steppe of South America

Our gift

Knowledge update

. Game "Traffic light""-" I affirm that ... "(+ - agree, - - no).

1. The distribution of the river network depends on the relief and climate.

2. South America - the most flooded, i.e. rich inland waters mainland.

3. Most of the rivers of South America belong to the Pacific Ocean.

4. In South America, the most deep river the world is the Amazon.

5. Angel Falls was discovered by the English traveler D. Livingston.

6. Iguazu Falls - the most high waterfall peace.

7. The feeding of the rivers of South America is mainly snow.

8. Lake Titicaca is the largest alpine lake in the world.

9. There are many large lakes in South America.

10. Iguazu Falls is located in the Parana River system.

11 The capital of Brazil, the city of Brasilia

12 The capital of Peru, the city of Quito

• 1+ 7 –
• 2+ 8+
• 3 – 9 -
• 4+ 10 +
• 5 – 11 +
• 6 - 12 -

• "5" - 10-12 correct answers
• "4" - 7-9
• "3" 5-6
• "2" 4 or less

Motivation: game "Fourth is superfluous"

• Magellan, Humboldt, Llanos, Vespucci.
• Amazon, Parana, Orinoco, Pampa
• Selva, Cotopaxi, Aconcagua, Andes

What can unite these words?

Pampa, selva, llanos - natural areas of South America

Lesson topic:

NATURAL AREAS OF SOUTH AMERICA

Goals and objectives of the lesson :

• To continue the formation of ideas about the flora and fauna of South America;
• Get acquainted with the natural areas characteristic of the mainland;
• Get to know typical plants and animals of South America.
• Understand new terms and concepts.

• - How many natural zones are there in South America? List them.
• - What natural areas occupy a large area on the territory of the continent?
• - What natural areas occupy the smallest area on the mainland?

• Task: Apply to contour maps boundaries of natural areas.

INDEPENDENT WORK with the text of the textbook

• No. 1 - description of humid equatorial forests; pp.149-150
• No. 2 - description of the savannas; p.151
• No. 3 - description of subtropical steppes; pp.151-152
• No. 4 - description of semi-deserts. pp.152-153

All those wishing to receive an additional point describe more areas of altitudinal zonation. pp.153-154

: Describe the mainland PZ by filling in the gaps in the story

This natural zone occupies _______________ the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe mainland. It is located in (on) the ___________ mainland. From climatic features ___________ can be identified. Temperatures in winter season _______ in summer _______. Annual rainfall _________. Big influence climate is affected by ______ BM.

Soils in this zone _________. Have _________ fertility. Characteristic representatives flora- __________. They adapted to these conditions with the help of __________. Characteristic representatives of the animal world - __________. They adapted to these conditions in the following way: __________.

Victoria - Regia

The largest aquatic plant, the diameter of the leaves reaches 2 meters.

The smallest bird (weight - 1.6 - 1.8 g, length - 5.5 cm)

The only bird whose chicks have two fingers at the ends of their wings.

spider - tarantula

The largest spider - reaches 28 cm in length.

beetle - hercules

The largest beetle in the world - its body length is up to 20 cm.

anaconda

The biggest snake. Reaches a length of up to 12 m and weighs up to 230 kg.

The most dangerous fish in the Amazon.

capybara

The largest rodent - weighing up to 100 kg and up to 1 m long.

pygmy marmoset

The smallest monkey is 50 - 75 g and up to 30 cm in length.

The slowest mammal is the speed of its movement of 2.5 m / min.

Predator of South America

chocolate tree - cocoa

The height of cocoa trees ranges from 5 to 7 meters, and the life span is from 25 to 30 years. The leaves of the cocoa tree are large (20-40 cm long and 7-12 cm wide). At the age of 3-4 years, it blooms with white flowers (1 cm in diameter). On average, the tree produces 30 pods, each containing 30 to 40 beans embedded in the white pulp of the fruit.

rubber plant - hevea

Frantisek Flos

"Orchid Hunters"

Paraguayan tea - mate

Evergreen tree from 1 to 6 m tall, with large ovate serrated leaves 5-16 cm long.

Compare the natural natural areas of South America and conclude that there is a relationship between the components within the complex

Natural conditions and natural components

Moist equatorial forests

1.Geographic location

Savannah

2.Climate

Steppe

3 Soils

desert

4.Inland waters

5.Animal world

6. Plant world

ANT-EATER

PIGS BAKERS

pygmy giraffe - okapi

LAMA

• LAMA
• LAMA

pampas cat

PAMPAS DEER

BATTLESHIP

LAMAS

• VISCACHA - RODENT

Who is? What is?

1- Find in the text of the textbook what the following concepts mean: selva, campos, llanos, pampa, Patagonia.

2- Which crops are native to South America? In what natural areas do they grow?

3- Name the endemics of the mainland.

• Selva -(translated from Portuguese means " forest”), a zone of equatorial forests located on both sides of the equator.
• The savannas of the northern hemisphere are called llanos which in Spanish means " smooth» . In the southern hemisphere, savannahs are called campos(translated from Portuguese- plain).

• Pampa (Pampas)- steppes of the subtropical zone. Pampa in the language of local Indians means plain.

• Paramos- Alpine meadows.

• Patagonia- a zone of semi-deserts of the temperate zone.

Test .

1 . What is the name of the natural zone of South America, where rubber plants, orchids, ceiba, melon, chocolate trees grow?

A) Andes B) Desert C) Selva D) Patagonia E) Pampas

A) ostrich B) nectary C) condor D) hummingbird E) steppe eagle

3. To which natural zone does the following description refer: “This area is characterized by a climate with large differences in precipitation across the territory. Various cereals grow here, there are many rodents, and nutria is found along the banks of the rivers?

A. Savannas and woodlands.

B. Subtropical steppes.

B. Equatorial forests.

D. Deserts.

4. Which endemic of South America, living in the Andes, was tamed by the local population and is used as a beast of burden?

B. Przewalski's horse.

Test.

5. What landscape of South America is described below: “.. trees grow in several tiers. These are different types of palms. Lower tiers form hevea, cocoa, mahogany. Their trunks wrap around vines. Lots of ferns…”?

A. Savannas and woodlands.

B. Moist evergreen forests

IN. Variable wet forests

D. Regions of altitudinal zonation.

6. Most of the Amazonian lowland is occupied by:

A. Selva.

B. Llanos.

V. Campos.

• "5" - 6 correct answers
• "4" - 4-5
• "3" - 3
• "2" - 2

reflection

1. During the lesson, I worked actively / passively

2. I am satisfied / not satisfied with my work in the lesson

3. The lesson seemed short / long for me

4. I was not tired / tired during the lesson

5. My mood got better/worse

6. The material was clear / not clear to me

useful/useless

interesting/boring

7. homework

seems easy/difficult to me

interesting/uninteresting

Homework:

• § 41-42, Additional task:

Determine the centers of cultivated plants: durum wheat, rice, corn, coffee, tomatoes, cocoa-potatoes, beans, tea.