Sea inhabitants (photo). Dangerous inhabitants of the sea. Find out which seas are home to sharks, whales and dolphins. Are there sharks in the sea? Some interesting facts

Many tourists who decide to spend their holidays on the Black Sea are concerned about the safety of swimming in its waters. Guests of local resorts are especially alarmed by the abundance of fresh shark meat in fish markets, indicating the close presence of marine predators. Are there sharks in the Black Sea? Indeed, some species of these fish have settled comfortably there. But don’t rush to change your plans for your summer vacation: after reading the article, you will find out whether sharks in the Black Sea are dangerous for humans.

Are there sharks in the Black Sea that are dangerous to humans?

The risk of a person encountering predators that pose a threat to life in the waters of the Black Sea is very small. Many densely populated coastal cities, intense shipping, numerous swimmers - all this does not contribute to the attractiveness of local open spaces for the inhabitants of other bodies of water. The low salinity of the water and the monotony of edible fauna do not add to the popularity of this sea.

The offspring of fish unadapted to large temperature changes simply will not survive here, and adult predators will also not be comfortable in the cold season.

Therefore, large sharks like Whites, which accidentally entered the Black Sea through the Bosphorus, prefer not to linger here. Faced with an environment unsuitable for life, they turn back to their familiar surroundings.

Until now, statistics have not recorded a single case of a shark attack on a person in the Black Sea.

What sharks are found in the Black Sea?

Of all the numerous species of sharks, only the katran is a permanent inhabitant of the Black Sea.

A medium-sized fish, which is popularly called a sea dog due to some similarity of heads, about a meter in size and weighing 8-12 kg, has a standard elongated shape. The body with a dark back and light sides is studded with small poisonous spines. Katrans have an excellent appetite: they attack all moving objects of a smaller size. Their diet consists of mackerel, anchovy and other sea ​​creatures. Often crabs and small dolphins get caught in the teeth of sharks. Predators feel more comfortable in the cold, so they live in the bottom layers, only rising to the surface at night.

In spring and autumn, these sharks living in the Black Sea move closer to the shore, and in October they again rush inland to give birth to their offspring. Due to their external resemblance to white and blue sharks, representatives of this breed are often filmed with visual zoom in horror films about man-eating underwater inhabitants.

Representatives of this species of marine predators are found in the Black Sea much less frequently than katrans. The cat shark (scillium) is not a permanent inhabitant of the local waters. She lives in the Mediterranean Sea and only sometimes swims into the Black Sea through the Bosphorus Strait. Mobile fish are not impressive in size: their body length is no more than a meter. Depending on the species, scyllium has a dark or variegated color.

His mouth is wide, with small and sharp fangs. The tail is shaped like an oar and acts as a rudder. Predators feed mainly on sea creatures living on the bottom - crabs, scorpions, mollusks, annelids, from time to time organizing a hunt for fish. They lie in wait for the victim, hiding behind stones or algae. Acute vision and a developed sense of smell allow the predator to easily find food, and thanks to its compact size and body shape, the fish is able to pursue prey at high speed.

Other species of sharks swim into the Black Sea quite rarely and do not stay there for long.

The greatest chances of meeting a toothy hunter in the Black Sea are among divers and underwater hunters. The sharks that live here have a highly developed caution: they perceive people not as prey, but as dangerous enemies. Marine predators have every reason for this: thanks to delicate taste and the nutritional value of shark meat, they often become targets of hunting. Their small size does not allow them to attack a person themselves, which is why both the Katran and the Scillium prefer other food.

Wondering if there are sharks in the Black Sea? And it’s not even about horror movies from childhood, but about the most common human concern for one’s life and health.

Are there sharks in the Black Sea?

The answer to such a question can instill fear in unknowing people, because this answer: "Yes", and this is a scientifically proven fact.

What predators live there?

You can breathe out - the sharks that live in the waters of the Black Sea are practically not dangerous for humans due to its small size and caution. During the day they hide in the depths and do not disturb vacationers with their presence.

When meeting fishermen, Black Sea sharks do not attack them, but go to the bottom.

In addition to sharks, there are other dangerous ones in the Black Sea:

• Jellyfish. Cornerot is dangerous; it can sting a person quite seriously with its poison;
• Sea ruff or scorpionfish. It has clawed teeth and poisonous glands located on its fins;
• Sea dragon. The seemingly harmless fish has a spine next to the gill cover and on the first dorsal fin poisonous glands, which poses a great danger to people;
• Stingray stingray. Its tail has a sharp spine that can grow up to 35 cm. The sting of this protective element is very painful.

Unfavorable living environment

The Black Sea is unfavorable for the life of large sharks that are dangerous to humans for a number of reasons. At a depth of approximately 60-70 meters Black Sea waters contain hydrogen sulfide, which is not suitable for breathing for most shark species.

And one more fact why there are no dangerous sharks in the Black Sea. Due to the lack of diversity and quantity of marine fauna, large predators simply nothing to eat in the Black Sea. The slightly salty waters of the Black Sea are not suitable for life large sharks got into it from .

Black Sea species of thunderstorms of the seas - photo

Only two shark species

Katran

Also called dogfish or the Black Sea shark is the most famous predator of the Black Sea. main feature This shark has spines on its fins that are designed for protection. They are covered with poisonous mucus. There are known cases when a person could be injured by this shark while sorting the catch, being injured by poisonous spines.

Katrans do not like to swim alone and prefer to flock together in common schools.

The katran has a streamlined elongated shape, this allows you to develop higher speed . These sharks live at a depth of up to 40 meters, a little deeper in the summer, as they prefer water with a temperature of 14-15 degrees. An adult katran is no more than 160 cm in length and lives 25 years. It prefers to eat herring, horse mackerel, squid and even octopus. Avoids meeting people.

Feline

Cat shark is also known as scyllium. She has enough small size- on average 60-70 cm. The shark’s body is covered with spots, which makes it similar to representatives of the feline species. Hunts in shallow water, feeding on small fish and crustaceans. Due to its size, it is often included in the diet of its larger counterparts. It usually lives at a depth of 80-100 meters.

This nocturnal predator has excellent vision darkness. During the day he prefers to lead a sedentary lifestyle. This type of shark mainly lives along the coast Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea, from where it enters the Black Sea through the Bosphorus during the migration period.

Blue, spiny and dwarf sharks can be found in the waters Adriatic Sea. Where is it - read in.

Sea killers and cases of attacks on people

Most of the claims that there are dangerous sharks in the Black Sea are related to fishing stories. And they are among the most mysterious and dangerous species sharks in the World Ocean.

Goblin Shark

Differently goblin shark. Perhaps the most ancient and little-studied species of shark on the planet. The only deep sea shark. Scientists have come across the bones of a goblin shark that is 80 million years old.

This fish acquired such an ominous name for a reason. The goblin has a large sensitive protuberance on its nose, which does not add to its attractiveness, and a movable jaw that moves far forward when it sees prey. It prefers depths of more than 300 meters and never rises to the surface. There are enough rarely and was considered an extinct species for many years.

Compared with Black Sea sharks The goblin is of impressive size. Length adult more 3 meters.

Even the color of this shark remains a mystery; it is supposedly pink, but if the shark dies, it changes to brown.

The shark has interesting features:

1. Electroreception. That is, it is capable of receiving electrical impulses from environment. This helps her get food in the dark depths of the sea;
2. She has another ability of deep-sea fish - her eyes. glow in the dark greenish light.

The goblin feeds on shellfish and fish. Shark lives in all oceans except for the Arctic, preferring warm and temperate waters. Most often found off the coast of Japan.

In December 2010, information appeared in the media that in the Black Sea in the area, fishermen was caught goblin shark. No one was hurt except the shark itself. Photos, video reports, interviews appeared. However, experts considered the information a “duck”. It is also not known how dangerous the goblin shark actually is.

White torpedo

Shark eater. The name speaks for itself. This is one of the most large predators on the planet. Its length reaches 7 meters. Despite its enormous size, the shark is quite intelligent and curious; it has a well-developed sense of smell, allowing it to smell prey several kilometers away.

The shape of a shark resembles torpedo, which allows it to reach speeds of up to 24 kilometers per hour. Can dive to depths of more than 1000 meters. White sharks live 60 years. Adults feed big fish, seals, sea lions, cephalopods, can attack other sharks and even whales.

Big White shark gained a reputation as a killer due to numerous cases of attacking humans. This shark lives in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans.

According to scientists, white sharks entering from Mediterranean Sea through the Bosphorus quite probably, but they will not swim far from the strait and the shores - changes in water temperature in winter and summer are not suitable for them.

White sharks are thermophilic - they live in waters heated from +12 to +24 degrees.

Here are some cases of white sharks appearing near the Black Sea from the world of news:

• V 2008 And 2009 years, in the area of ​​the Dardanelles Strait, fishermen from Turkey caught baby white sharks in a net;
• in July 2011 year, Turkish fishermen caught a young great white shark in the same region;
• in September 2016 the same fishermen discovered a school of white sharks in the Bosphorus Strait off the coast.

Blue sea queen

This species of shark got its name because of its unusual gray-blue color. Smaller in size than white, adults reach 4 meters. This species lives in the Indian and Pacific oceans. Prefers moderate and calm waters.

The blue shark is an excellent hunter; it loves small fish; in coastal waters it can attack waterfowl. This fish does not distinguish colors, but has phenomenal sense of smell.

With a man near a blue shark difficult relationships. In Malaysia, the blue shark is commercial fish and it is from there that it ends up on the tables of gourmets different countries. But the predator herself does not remain in debt. Probability of attack especially large in the open ocean.

Less commonly, careless swimmers in warm lagoons can also be attacked by blue sharks.

On April 12, 2015, a blue shark attacked a photographer in south Florida, resulting in only a bitten forearm. According to the victim, he himself provoked shark in pursuit of the perfect shot.

And in this video you can find out a little more about one of the Black Sea sharks:

When going to a resort, people want to be sure of the safety of themselves and their loved ones. IN last years Many people consider shark attacks to be a serious threat. The reason for this is the increasing frequency of media reports about such cases. So, in which seas are sharks found?

Scientists say that today sharks live not only in the seas, but also in the oceans, and are also found in some lakes and rivers. Sharks appeared on the planet a very long time ago, so it is not surprising that over several million years of evolution they have adapted to life anywhere.

Are there sharks in the seas?

As mentioned above, you can meet sharks in various points globe. However, sharks prefer to live where they are most comfortable, and the conditions are better suited for reproduction.

Most often, sharks live in open and coastal waters; less often they can be found in rivers. It is reliably known that these fish can be found in the Ganges and the Amazon.

If we talk about the seas, then sharks can definitely be found in the Baltic, Barents, Azov, as well as the Far Eastern seas. Perhaps you heard that there are sharks in the Black Sea and decided that these were rumors. We have to upset you, but they also meet there. They also live in the Mediterranean Sea, although they very rarely attack people.

In recent years, reports of shark attacks in the Red Sea have become more frequent. Scientists say that this behavior is not normal for sharks, but rather falls on the list of anomalies.

Of course, sharks prefer to live in the warm waters of oceans and seas. It happens that they meet in northern waters, and cold parts of the seas, but this is rather an exception. Sharks tend to live where it is easier to get food, and most sea ​​creatures lives precisely in warm waters. Since sharks are predators, it is this kind of food that interests them in the first place.

There is evidence according to which sharks can also be found in cold waters. Since today the inhabitants of cold water bodies have not been fully studied, it is impossible to say unequivocally about the possibility of meeting sharks in cold seas.

Oceans and seas are the cradle of earthly life. All life on this planet, according to some theories, originated in water. The sea is like a kind of huge metropolis, where its own laws are established, where every Living being occupies a certain place and performs its important function. If this order is violated, this world may cease to exist. Therefore, it is important for everyone to know about the richness and diversity water world and about its features.

About one of the sea inhabitants of this fairy world You can find out by reading the article. Are there sharks in the seas? What are they and what do they eat? The answers to these questions can be found by reading the information in the article.

Mysterious depths of the seas and oceans

Sea depths have always attracted and attract people with their mystery. They have long been considered the mysterious and fabulous kingdom of Neptune and Leviathan. Stories about amazing, unseen animals sometimes frightened the most experienced sailors.

The world's oceans attract both extreme sports enthusiasts and scientists with their secrets and riddles. Only a fraction of the living organisms inhabiting vast layers of water are known today. Among the most famous are sharks (information about where sharks are found is further in the article). Only a few of the species pose a real danger to humans.

There are others in the sea deep sea fish having unusual appearance and peculiar behavior. Nevertheless, they are all real inhabitants of the seas and oceans.

Features of sharks

It is noteworthy that sharks do not have a swim bladder, characteristic of ordinary fish. The most different types These animals have developed a way out of this situation for themselves. For example, sand sharks take air into their stomach, thereby creating the semblance of a non-existent organ. Many people use the liver instead of the same bladder. Squalene bicarbonate, which is quite light, accumulates in it.

In addition, sharks have light cartilage and bones, which gives them neutral buoyancy. Everything else is created by the constant movement of the animal, which is why many species of sharks sleep little.

Species of sharks

There are sharks in the seas, which are dangerous marine animals for people. Today, scientists have identified more than 450 species of these predators.

There are even very small representatives of this family. For example, a species of deep-sea shark, Etmopterus perryi, lives off the coast of Venezuela and Colombia. Its length is approximately 20 centimeters.

Where are they found? big sharks? Largest species- a whale shark reaching 20 meters in length. However, unlike the long-extinct megalodon, it is not a predator. Its diet consists of plankton, small fish and squid. This is a rather rare species. Its numbers have been steadily declining in recent years. The main threat is fishing by fishermen in countries in Southeast and South Asia, where the meat of this marine animal is eaten.

It should be noted that only four types of sharks are the most dangerous - white, longtip, blunt-nose and tiger. The most deadly are the blunt-nosed and white ones. The latter can sense blood at a distance of 5 kilometers and quietly approach the victim. It has a specific color that makes it invisible from the surface.

Shark diet

The food preferences of sharks are very diverse, and depend on the characteristics of the species and their habitats. The main food is plankton, fish, crustaceans and mammals.

For example, the white shark prefers seals and sea lions, but if possible, it can hunt whale mammals. This is due to the ability of teeth to grab large pieces of flesh.

The diet of benthic species of sharks consists of crabs and other crustaceans. Short teeth are capable of breaking the shell. Basking largemouth and whale sharks prefer plankton and small marine organisms. Some species (for example, the tiger shark) are omnivores and can swallow almost anything that comes their way.

In what seas are sharks found?

This information is useful for those who love traveling. Many people are interested in where sharks live. Such anxiety is associated with concerns about one’s safety. In reality, a shark attack on a person is rare. According to statistics, only a few species can attack a person, and the reason is often that the fish simply does not understand who is in front of it. And human meat does not belong to the chosen products of a predator.

So where are sharks found? This is most of the coasts that belong to the waters of the World Ocean. For example, the Red Sea, Far Eastern seas etc.

In terms of shark attacks, according to unofficial data, countries such as Tanzania, Ghana and Mozambique are considered the most dangerous. According to official statistics, these include Australia, Brazil, New Zealand, South Africa and the USA. The Mediterranean Sea is a haven for dangerous whitetip and tiger sharks. They can swim from the ocean to the Red Sea. The Black, Azov and Northern seas are completely safe in this regard.

In which Russian seas are sharks found?

In Russia, there were virtually no cases of shark attacks on humans until August 2011. The coastal Russian zone has always been considered safe in this regard. This status was lost after two shark attacks on divers occurred. This happened in Primorye (Telyakovsky Bay, Sea of ​​Japan). The attack was carried out by a white shark. Until now, these cases are considered anomalous for Russian seas.

It is known that most sharks mainly prefer warm seas, therefore the events of 2011 were associated with to a greater extent with temporary warming of the waters of the Sea of ​​Japan near Vladivostok. This event was also associated with the fact that Russian waters are cleaner in comparison with the South Asian and Chinese coasts of the Pacific Ocean. In general, sharks in the Russian seas are extremely few in number and relatively safe. Only a few of them are potentially dangerous.

Where else are there sharks in Russia? Sharks for Russia are both common and unusual phenomenon. It is common that these predators live in almost all Russian seas having contact with the ocean. And the unusualness is due to the fact that it is unusual for Russians to hear about the attack of these predators in the seas of Russia.

Shark attack in Okhotsk and Japanese seas should not be excluded. There cannot be any encounters with these predators in the Black Sea even in the distant future, since it is far for them to reach it. In that natural reservoir you can find only 2 species - katran (prickly spotted shark), as well as the catshark (Scyllium). They are completely safe. Where sharks are found, only divers can find themselves, but even then, a threat can only arise if they try to catch this sea monster with their hands. There are poisonous spines on its skin, and the katran will not attack a person, since it is small in size (about one meter long).

The situation is similar with Baltic Sea, even though it is in contact with the Atlantic. Desalination of Baltic waters is uncomfortable for sharks.

In the Yellow Sea, in contact with Pacific Ocean, both white sharks and man-eating sharks can live there. They can also swim giant shark and a hammerhead shark. They are not aggressive towards humans, but can cause some trouble if they are frightened or injured. And the likelihood of meeting them is minimal.

Azov, Barents and White Sea(where sharks are found) are also not dangerous in terms of attacks. Their waters are home to species that feed small fish and shellfish.

Some interesting facts

• Many sharks are able to rest on the bottom by pumping water through their gills.
• Only a few species of shark regularly attack humans, and this occurs mainly due to prey misidentification.
• The speed of sharks is low, since it is important for them to conserve energy, but this does not in the least prevent them from developing high speed before attacking the intended victim.
• Sharks, having bitten off a piece of flesh from a person, usually spit it out, since this meat for them is not the kind of food (high in fat) that they need to replenish their energy reserves.
• Sharks are also susceptible to cancer. Observations of these animals in captivity showed that their organs are also affected by cancerous tumors. Moreover, the number of cases of these diseases turned out to be much higher where the water is dirtier.

Finally

In the minds of many, a shark is a lonely hunter, engaged only in searching for food, plowing the ocean. But such a description can only be applied to a few species. Many species lead an inactive and sedentary life.

According to recent research, some species have the ability to be curious, social behavior and problem solving. It is known that the ratio of body mass to brain of sharks is approximately equal to that of mammals and birds.

The poet was right - our country is truly wide, and there is a lot of everything in it, very different, both on land and in water.

Among dangerous predators– there are even sharks. True, Russian sharks for the most part are not comparable to American or Australian ones, but they still pose a certain danger.

Sharks in Russia are both an unusual and common phenomenon. Common - since these predators live in almost all of our seas that have oceanic contact.

Unusual - because it’s completely unusual for us to hear about scary monsters, found themselves almost under our noses.

Moreover, until recently, Russian sharks “behaved almost exemplary” - no attacks, no casualties.

At the same time, meetings of fishermen with them were periodic and even bloodless contacts occurred.

What sharks live in Russian waters?

A short TOP called Sharks of Russia could look like this:

• 1. - the most popular type, practically harmless, has not been noticed in connections and attacks that “discredit” it.
• 2. Salmon shark - the east of the country, visits are possible even to the northern regions. It is not dangerous, its jaws are “sharpened” for hunting fish.
• 3. . A rare guest in the Gulf of Peter the Great and the Gulf of Tatar. It poses a threat due to its impressive size and aggressive disposition. It prefers a predominantly bottom lifestyle, so encounters with it are random.
• 4. (fox shark) visits the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, no episodes of attacks have been recorded, the diet is exclusively fish. The hunting weapon is the tail.
• 5. can reach Kamchatka, but its visits are exceptional, since this predator is not tied to any specific place of food. There is a danger of attack from her side.
• 6. – northern specimen, except seas Arctic Ocean sometimes appears in Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands. These sharks in Russia do not pose a danger, due to the impossibility of meeting them.
• 7. – can stay even in cool waters Kola Peninsula, is absolutely harmless, has a clean reputation, since it feeds on plankton. “Floats” already mainly in the Red Book, so meeting her is a great happiness.
• 8. . A subtropical predator, it can be very dangerous due to its unbridled aggressiveness. Suspected in many episodes, but without a sufficiently strong evidence base. These fast sharks in Russia can appear in the eastern region of the country during particularly hot summer periods.
• 9. . Special comments are unnecessary - a very large and most dangerous shark representative. Checked in bloody trail in Primorye, reached Sakhalin.

This is what the TOP 9 of the most common shark predators in our country, not only in Russian waters, but also in the media, might look like.

But shark attacks in Russia had never become a serious problem until the summer of 2011. It became like this only after a series of bloody episodes in Primorye.

Watch video - The situation with sharks in Russian waters:

By the way, the greatest diversity of sharks in Russia is represented precisely in Primorye. This part of our country is washed by the warmest of all seas - the Japanese, which belongs to one of the oceans most beloved by sharks - the Pacific.

Among the known predators that permanently live here are the katran and salmon, and there is also a hammerhead shark. In total, 7 families of sharks, consisting of more than 12 species, have been recorded in this water area.

Katran and salmon sharks in Primorye are local aborigines that do not cause any problems for residents, periodically falling into the nets of fishermen, since they themselves love coastal fish.

Moreover, they often become the object of fishing, as they are quite tasty and are even a delicacy.

The water area of ​​the Far East, rich in flora and fauna, combined with the general warm climatic regimes This region is also attractive to larger and more dangerous predators.

It is for valuable species of fish - salmon and sturgeon - that other predatory sharks come here.

In addition, Primorye is partly reserved region, there are rare species seals and other mammals that make up the main item on the sharks' menu.

Episodes of shark attacks in Russia

Therefore, the Primorsky region was and is potentially dangerous place, where shark attacks in Russia become the most expected and, according to scientists, inevitable. In addition, the list of sharks in Russia is periodically updated with new species of dangerous predators.

Shark attacks in Russian waters are explained by periodic visits of predators to this water area, which is associated with environmental problems (the purity and richness of our water resources) and predators from subtropical regions leading here.

But here it is worth noting that the shark attacks that happened in 2011 in the Primorsky Territory took place in so-called “wild” places, i.e. not previously former places recreation, moreover, located next to the protected zone of the reserve.

The episodes were of a fleeting nature of attacks, which does not indicate a “planned” attack by the predator, but rather its “acquaintance” with a person as a potential new object of hunting.

There’s nothing you can do about it - civilization is “treading” on the sharks’ tail, so the options for meetings and contacts with sea ​​predators are expanding.

Regarding the suitability of the Far Eastern coasts for summer holiday, then the relevant authorities and rescuers began to prepare for a “contactless” holiday for their citizens and tourists already in 2012.

Fences, nets, patrols and other measures should keep these waters safe, but, as always, most of the responsibility is .

Watch video - Shark attack in Russia:

What sharks await tourists in Russian waters?

It is becoming difficult to argue against the facts of the increasing occurrence of great white sharks in our waters. It is this type of predator that threatens to become permanent in the east of our country.

There is also evidence of the reproduction of these sharks in Russian waters, which previously, according to scientists, could not have happened.

Of course, such alarming news does not mean widespread settlement of Carcharodon in the Sea of ​​Japan and Okhotsk in summer months, but this trend promises to increase. Therefore, shark attacks in Russia in this water area cannot be ruled out.

As an old and proven option, a vacation on the Black Sea can be an alternative to the seaside. Here, certainly, no encounters with monsters are expected even in the most distant future.

The water area of ​​this sea can only “boast” of the presence of a katran.

The biomass and resources of the Black Sea are becoming poorer; they cannot feed the predators, even if they want to “sign up” for the list of Russian sharks in the south.

However, it will be extremely difficult for them to get here, and in view of the pointlessness of such migrations to land scarce in food, there is no need.

So in the Baltic Sea, Russian sharks will not disturb the hearts of our compatriots in the near future.

Watch video - Dangerous sharks in the Black Sea:

Media and Russian sharkism

Rumors and fables about sharks, including in the media, can completely ruin your vacation. Even serious publications did not disdain loud “sensations”.

The most striking precedent for such “shark-oil-fried news” was created back in 2010 with a rumor about the Red Sea.

But our media also did not remain idle on this issue. There have been several cases of deception of the naive public, with the aim of not warning and detailed analysis situations, but only impure commercial interest.

So, thanks to our sharks of the pen, a real shark has already swam both in the Neva waters and in the Black Sea.

In addition to the usual species of predator, exotic ones were also used, and in addition real evidence- far-fetched and even fantastic.

So you should carefully choose both swimming places and sources of information.

Finally, it should be said that a meeting with potentially dangerous shark in our waters is permissible Far East, Sakhalin, Chukotka, Kuril Islands. Only this is not always a meeting with one’s death, for the most part it is simply with fear.

And with the fear of a shark attack, there is only one way to combat it – knowledge. And, of course, the ability to apply this knowledge.

According to disappointing data, in the future, encounters between people and sharks will only become more frequent - this is due to both objective natural factors and our own – human ones.

We cannot influence the natural ones - sharks will swim into our warm waters more often and more actively. But we can completely control the human factor. The main thing is to fit wisely into a changing world...

Why did man-eating sharks swim to Russia?