Deep sea fishes of the Barents Sea. Summer fishing in the Barents Sea. About some fish

The marine component of the Northern Fisheries Basin of the Barents Sea and adjacent areas is one of the cleanest and least affected human activity marine ecosystems rich in various species of fish (more than 150) and invertebrates. Cod, haddock, saithe, black halibut, Atlantic herring, flounder, catfish, capelin, and shrimp are of the greatest commercial importance.

Deputy General Director for Development of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise National Fishery Yevgeny Marchuk

Fishing in the Barents Sea

Regional features include a significant impact on the nature of fishing activities in the Northern Basin of the international legal regime of maritime spaces and fishery regulation. Russian fishing enterprises operate in the Exclusive Economic Zone of Russia, economic zones foreign countries, areas of operation international agreements(conventions).

It should also be noted that almost the entire catch of bottom species undergoes primary processing-cutting at sea on fishing vessels, and a significant part is frozen in ship conditions.

Industrial fishing in almost entirely carried out on quota biological objects, with more than half of the extracted resources coming from foreign economic zones.

The most important commercial resources of the Barents and Eastern Norwegian Seas, cod and haddock (80 percent of the resource base), are transboundary and are jointly managed by Russia and Norway.

Cooperation in the field of fisheries is carried out on the basis of intergovernmental agreements, and practical work is carried out within the framework of the mixed Russian-Norwegian Fisheries Commission (SRC).

At the annual sessions of the RNC, TACs are set for cod, haddock, capelin and other fishery objects, the distribution of cod and haddock catches between fishermen of the two countries is carried out, as well as catch quotas of third countries are established, the main measures (rules) of fishing regulation that must be observed by fishermen are approved all countries fishing in the area of ​​the agreement ...

It should be noted that the stocks of the main bottom fish species in the basin are in a satisfactory condition, and some (cod) are in a good condition.

Non-fish objects of fishing

Among non-fish species, the most important species are king crab, snow crab - opilio, Icelandic scallop, as well as northern shrimp, whose commercial value in last years decreased due to its mass consumption by cod.

It is well known that the efficiency of water development biological resources due not only to the state of stocks, but also technical condition of the fishing fleet, the level of its power supply, allowing the use of modern technologies for the production and processing of fish.

According to available data, the current fishing fleet of the Northern Basin, engaged in cod and haddock fishing (with inevitable by-catch), includes about 160 medium-tonnage and small-tonnage coastal fishing vessels.

The ships in operation are characterized by significant physical and moral wear and tear, their average age is about 28 years. Their outdated designs do not allow the use of the latest processing technologies and ensure the comprehensive, complete processing of raw materials, the production of products with high added value.

One of the vessels operating in the basin is the commercial SRTMK M-0170 "Pinro-2". This is the only production vessel in the basin, owned by the state, and is under the economic management of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Natsrybresurs".

Built (under a different name) at the Kiev shipyard, it was completed in 1998 in the city of Nikolaev, it is the last fishing vessel of a large series of vessels of project 502 EM.

It was transferred to FSUE "Natsrybresurs" by the decision of the authorized federal body executive power in September 2002. Operational management of the vessel "PINRO-2" is carried out by the Murmansk branch of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Natsrybresurs".

As part of the development of quotas allocated by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Natsrybresurs", the vessel "Pinro-2" carries out the extraction and primary processing of cod, haddock and other commercial objects.

In 2002-2006, the vessel operated in the Barents Sea and adjacent areas on the development of established catch quotas, and also participated in scientific research cod, haddock and black halibut.

At the end of 2006, the vessel's RMRS classification documents expired and it was in Norway in the port of Kirkenes before being transferred to the port of Murmansk. In November 2010, the vessel began a major overhaul to renew the classification documents for the right to sail.

In June 2013, Pinro-2 was towed to the port of Murmansk to complete the repair, which was carried out at the Murmansk ship repair enterprise SevTechComp.

Despite the technical difficulties (after a long downtime) and the difficult economic situation, FSUE "Natsrybresurs" carried out a class repair of the PINRO-2 vessel.

Russian Maritime Register of Shipping

Thus, after almost seven years of inactivity and dilapidation, the vessel, having successfully passed all the necessary formalities, received the classification documents of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping.

On March 6, 2015, the fishing vessel "Pinro-2", manned by a professional crew and led by an experienced captain I.V. Bashkirov, fully provided with ship stocks, various supplies, fishing gear and other equipment, reached the development of the 2015 quotas for catching bottom fish species in the Russian Economic Zone.

The first cargo of finished frozen products in the amount of 218.8 tons was delivered to the port of Murmansk on April 5th. During 2015, the vessel went to sea to fish eight times. The total catch of bottom fish species amounted to about 2071 tons, almost 1510 tons of products were produced. Allocated quotas have been fully utilized. The ship returned from its last voyage on December 14, 2015.

All finished high-quality fish products entered the domestic market.

It should be noted that in order to maximize the use of the raw material base of the basin, an agreement was concluded with the Barents-White Sea Territorial Administration of the Federal Agency for Fishery for the use of sea flounder, for which a catch quota is not set. About 135 tons of this commercial object were mined.

A not very impressive result is due to the fact that, due to its technical capabilities, the ship cannot be equipped with optional equipment, the presence of which would make it possible to almost double the effectiveness of sea flounder fishing.

At the same time, the ship did not stay at the berth and did not "eat up" the finances received from the sale of products.

The first voyage in 2016, after the next Register Survey and minor repairs, the vessel left on February 9.

First catches in the Barents Sea

A stable fishing situation is expected in the Barents Sea in 2016. Although the sea is an element, the weather is an unpredictable thing.

The first catches in 2016 have so far confirmed the good fishing condition of cod and haddock stocks in the area of ​​the western slope of the Gusina Bank (not far from the western coast of Novaya Zemlya), where the vessel is fishing. The catches are dominated by cod specimens weighing from 1 to 2 kilograms.

Although in the catches there are quite a lot of cod specimens weighing from 7 to 15 kilograms. Haddock is mostly 1 to 2 kilograms. This speaks not only of increased commercial stocks, but also of insufficient commercial activity in terms of catching fish of the limiting age.

At the same time, unfortunately, age-old fishermen also work at the conditionally middle-aged fishing "Pinro-2" (but younger than many others). Average age fishermen 45-50 years old. There are very few young people. Personnel shortage every year is stronger and stronger. To whom to pass on the experience of many generations of fishermen? And this is an invaluable experience. There are no textbooks, books on how, where and when to trade in the Barents Sea.

Although in recent years a lot of work has been done in the industry to increase the prestige of the fishing profession, as well as the construction of a new highly efficient fishing fleet, this process needs to be accelerated, because there is not much time left for us to correct the situation in Russia's return to the world leaders in marine fishing. Our competitors also do not stand still.

Deputy General Director for Development of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Natsrybresurs"

The Barents Sea has never been considered friendly. It is no less severe than the harsh nature of the Arctic. But most importantly, unlike other Arctic seas, the Barents Sea does not freeze in winter. Warm currents from the Atlantic warm its waters. That's why amateur fishing in the Barents Sea attractive at any time of the year.

The coastal zone of the Barents Sea is distinguished by an uneven bottom with a predominance of depths up to 200 meters, and the bottom also has many shoals. The shores are mainly composed of rocky granite rocks. They are devoid of vegetation and steep in many places. The sea is characterized by frequent stormy weather. There are 114 species of fish in the waters of the Barents Sea, of which about 20 species are commercial species of great importance. The most important commercial species are halibut, cod, herring, catfish, salmon, polar cod and other species. Of particular value is salmon, which spawns in many rivers on the Kola Peninsula.

The richest in terms of the number of species is the family of cod fish, of which there are 19 species, followed by the flounder family of 9 species. There are 7 species of salmon in the Barents Sea, as well as 12 species of gobies. The tides of the Barents Sea can reach a height of 4 m, which leads to strong currents in the bays.

Amateur fishing in the Barents Sea most favorable at this time. During the high tide, large flocks of saithe, flounder, haddock, cod rush to the shore in search of food. Amateur fishing away from the coast due to harsh conditions and great depths is practically inaccessible.

In the Barents Sea, among the numerous bottom fish, cod is considered the main species. Spawning of this fish occurs off the coast of Norway in its northwestern part. The main feeding places for cod are located on south side Barents Sea.

The largest and oldest cod spawns the very first, the caviar of this fish is not in one place but floats on the water. When the cod reaches an age, at 3-4 years old it strays into large flocks, and at the age of 5 years it begins to move over fairly long distances. In feeding areas, cod keeps both at the very bottom and in the water. In summer, cod prefers to be on banks, and in winter it goes to great depths. With the onset of spring, huge shoals of cod enter the southern waters of the Barents Sea from the west and then move into eastbound as the water warms up. Throughout the summer, cod intensively feeds on banks, and with the onset of cold weather, the fish begins to migrate back to the coast of Norway, where its spawning grounds are concentrated. Large shoals of cod that have not yet reached spawning age winter in the Barents Sea. Cod migration paths to feeding grounds practically coincide with the direction of the currents. In autumn and spring, cod can make vertical diurnal migrations. Another important feature of cod is its rapid growth.

Fishing enthusiasts prefer to fish in bays and bays. The longest and widest bay in the Barents Sea is the Kola Bay. Few amateurs dare to fish in the open sea, as it is dangerous. In winter, when there are very coldy some bays and bays may be covered with ice. But it is impossible to fish on this ice, it is usually too thin, it begins to break as soon as the first waves begin to come from the sea.

Fishing in the Barents Sea in most cases, it is carried out with the help of sheer glittering, or jigging. Part of this is best suited spinning equipped with a spinning or inertial reel, and better multiplier, some anglers prefer to use a reel.

To do this, a strong fishing line with a diameter of 0.8-1 mm is selected, and a heavy lure equipped with a large double or tee is mounted at the end of the fishing line. Above the spinner, from three to five leashes equipped with hooks are attached at a distance of 30-50 cm from each other. Hooks should be equipped with rubber tubes. Fishing in the Barents Sea using sheer lure is carried out at the very bottom, while the tackle periodically twitches. This method is best for catching haddock, cod or saithe. If there is no large fish in the place of fishing, less aggressive tackle is used. In this case, the lure is replaced with an ordinary sinker and smaller hooks are placed, and bait is also used in this case. Usually serves as bait sea ​​worm, amphipod, or pieces of any fish. The load must be lowered to the very bottom, in this way it is good to catch haddock, medium-sized cod, halibut, flounder. In late summer or early autumn, large flocks of saithe begin to appear. And this period it can be caught not only on the described tackle, but also with ordinary spinning with any bait.

The Barents Sea has a close relationship with the Atlantic Ocean, more precisely with its northern part. Here the Arctic region of high atmospheric pressure and a specific Icelandic low. In addition, a strong influence on climatic features has the North Atlantic warm current and its branches. This determines the complex hydrological regime and climate of the Barents Sea. The coldest month is February, at this time in the northern part of the sea t ° is usually - 25 ° and about - 5 ° in its southwestern part. As for the summer period, in the warmest August in the southwest, t ° is about +10, ° and in the north it is 0 °.

Also in the Barents Sea there are frequent fogs, sometimes (even in June) there are snowballs and high clouds. The sea near the coast is very rich not only in the ichthyofauna, which was mentioned above, but also in various marine flora, especially brown, green and red algae, among which kelp, ascophyllum and fucus predominate.

Fishing in the Barents Sea requires skill and courage, but the catches justify all the efforts expended by anglers.

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The inhabitants of the tropics often have unusual view and bright coloring. But the Barents Sea, located in the north, is no less rich in strange inhabitants. Rybak from Murmansk introduces them to his followers on social networks.

The Barents Sea is the marginal water area of ​​the Arctic Ocean on the border with the Atlantic Ocean. Despite the harsh climatic conditions, its waters are home to many living creatures.

There are 114 species of fish here. 20 of them have commercial value: cod, haddock, herring, sea ​​bass, catfish, flounder, halibut, burbot and others. In the 20th century, the king crab was brought into the sea, which was able to adapt to new conditions and begin to multiply intensively. In addition, many different echinoderms are distributed along the bottom of the entire water area, sea ​​urchins And starfish different types.

Catfish

Catfish - family marine fish Anarhichadiae, a group of perciformes that live in northern waters Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, where the water temperature does not rise above 14 degrees. This fish got its name not by chance - because of the strong, highly developed jaw with sharp, inward-curved teeth and fangs protruding forward, like a wolf (by the way, in France the catfish is called so - "sea wolf").

lumpfish

In lumpfish, or round-finned fish, the ventral fins are modified into a kind of sucker located on the belly under pectoral fins. This sucker serves them for attaching to rocks during storms or during the rapid movement of water during high and low tides. (Liparidae).

The Barents Sea is located on continental shelf. The southwestern part of the sea does not freeze in winter due to the influence of the North Atlantic Current. The southeastern part of the sea is called the Pechora Sea. The Barents Sea is of great importance for transport and for fishing - large ports are located here - Murmansk and Vardø (Norway). Before World War II, Finland also had access to the Barents Sea: Petsamo was its only ice-free port. serious problem represents the radioactive contamination of the sea due to the activities of the Soviet/Russian nuclear fleet and Norwegian radioactive waste processing plants. IN Lately the sea shelf of the Barents Sea in the direction of Svalbard becomes the object of territorial disputes between the Russian Federation and Norway (as well as other states).

The Barents Sea is rich in various fish species, plant and animal plankton and benthos. Seaweeds are common off the south coast. Of the 114 species of fish living in the Barents Sea, 20 species are the most important for commercial purposes: cod, haddock, herring, sea bass, catfish, flounder, halibut, etc. Mammals are found: polar bear, seal, harp seal, beluga whale, etc. The seal is being hunted. Bird colonies abound on the coasts (guillemots, guillemots, kittiwakes). In the 20th century, the king crab was introduced, which was able to adapt to new conditions and begin to multiply intensively.

Finno-Ugric tribes - the Sami (Lapps) - have lived off the coast of the Berents Sea since ancient times. The first visits of non-autochthonous Europeans (Vikings, then Novgorodians) began, probably, from the end of the 11th century, and then intensified. The Barents Sea was named in 1853 in honor of the Dutch navigator Willem Barents. scientific study sea ​​was begun by the expedition of F.P. Litke 1821-1824, and the first complete and reliable hydrological description of the sea was compiled by N.M. Knipovich at the beginning of the 20th century.

The Barents Sea is the marginal water area of ​​the Arctic Ocean on the border with the Atlantic Ocean, between the northern coast of Europe in the south and the Vaygach Islands, New Earth, Franz Josef Land in the east, Svalbard and Bear Island in the west.

In the West it borders on the Norwegian Sea basin, in the south - on the White Sea, in the east - on the Kara Sea, in the north - on the Arctic Ocean. The area of ​​the Barents Sea, located to the east of Kolguev Island, is called the Pechora Sea.

The shores of the Barents Sea are predominantly fjord-like, high, rocky, and heavily indented. The largest bays: Porsanger Fjord, Varangian Bay (also known as Varanger Fjord), Motovsky Bay, Kola Bay, etc. East of the Kanin Nos Peninsula, the coastal relief changes dramatically - the coasts are mostly low and slightly indented. There are 3 large shallow bays here: (Cheshskaya Bay, Pechora Bay, Khaipudyrskaya Bay), as well as several small bays.

The largest rivers flowing into the Barents Sea are Pechora and Indiga.

The surface currents of the sea form a counterclockwise circulation. Along the southern and eastern periphery, the Atlantic waters of the warm North Cape current (a branch of the Gulf Stream system) move east and north, the influence of which can be traced to the northern shores of Novaya Zemlya. The northern and western parts of the circulation are formed by local and Arctic waters coming from the Kara Sea and the Arctic Ocean. In the central part of the sea there is a system of intracircular currents. The circulation of sea waters changes under the influence of changes in winds and water exchange with adjacent seas. Of great importance, especially near the coast, are tidal currents. The tides are semidiurnal, greatest value 6.1 m near the shore Kola Peninsula, in other places 0.6-4.7 m.

Water exchange with neighboring seas is of great importance in the water balance of the Barents Sea. During the year, about 76,000 km³ of water enters the sea through the straits (and the same amount leaves it), which is approximately 1/4 of the total volume of sea water. The largest amount of water (59,000 km³ per year) is carried by the warm North Cape current, which has an exceptionally great influence on the hydrometeorological regime of the sea. The total river flow to the sea is on average 200 km³ per year.

The salinity of the surface layer of water in the open sea during the year is 34.7-35.0 ppm in the southwest, 33.0-34.0 in the east, and 32.0-33.0 in the north. In the coastal strip of the sea in spring and summer, salinity drops to 30-32, by the end of winter it rises to 34.0-34.5.

The Barents Sea occupies the Barents Sea Plate of the Proterozoic-Early Cambrian age; anteclise bottom elevations, depressions - syneclises. Of the smaller landforms, the remains of ancient coastlines, at a depth of about 200 and 70 m, glacial-denudation and glacial-accumulative forms and sand ridges formed by strong tidal currents.

The Barents Sea is located within the continental shallows, but, unlike other similar seas, most of it has a depth of 300-400 m, an average depth of 229 m and a maximum depth of 600 m. depth 63 m)], depressions (Central, maximum depth 386 m) and trenches (Western (maximum depth 600 m) Franz Victoria (430 m) and others). The southern part of the bottom has a depth of mostly less than 200 m and is distinguished by a leveled relief.

From the cover of bottom sediments in the southern part of the Barents Sea, sand prevails, in some places - pebbles and crushed stone. On the heights of the central and northern parts of the sea - silty sand, sandy silt, in depressions - silt. An admixture of coarse clastic material is noticeable everywhere, which is associated with ice rafting and the wide distribution of relict glacial deposits. The thickness of sediments in the northern and middle parts is less than 0.5 m, as a result of which ancient glacial deposits are practically on the surface on some hills. The slow rate of sedimentation (less than 30 mm per 1 thousand years) is explained by the insignificant influx of terrigenous material - not a single one flows into the Barents Sea due to the features of the coastal relief. major river(except for the Pechora, which leaves almost all of its alluvium within the Pechora Estuary), and the land shores are composed mainly of solid crystalline rocks.

The climate of the Barents Sea is influenced by the warm Atlantic Ocean and the cold Arctic Ocean. Frequent intrusions of warm Atlantic cyclones and cold Arctic air determine the greater variability weather conditions. In winter, southwest winds prevail over the sea, in spring and summer - northeast winds. Frequent storms. The average air temperature in February varies from -25 °C in the north to -4 °C in the southwest. The average temperature in August is 0 °C, 1 °C in the north, 10 °C in the southwest. Cloudy weather prevails over the sea during the year. Annual rainfall varies from 250 mm in the north to 500 mm in the southwest.

Severe climatic conditions in the north and east of the Barents Sea determine its large ice coverage. In all seasons of the year, only the southwestern part of the sea remains free of ice. The ice cover reaches its greatest distribution in April, when about 75% of the sea surface is occupied by floating ice. In extremely unfavorable years at the end of winter, floating ice comes directly to the shores of the Kola Peninsula. The least amount of ice occurs at the end of August. At this time, the ice boundary moves beyond 78°N. sh. In the northwest and northeast of the sea, ice usually stays all year round, but in some favorable years the sea is completely free of ice.

The inflow of warm Atlantic waters determines the relatively high temperature and salinity in the southwestern part of the sea. Here, in February - March, the water temperature on the surface is 3 °C, 5 °C, in August it rises to 7 °C, 9 °C. North of 74° N. sh. and in the southeastern part of the sea in winter the surface water temperature is below -1 °C, and in summer in the north 4 °C, 0 °C, in the southeast 4 °C, 7 °C. In summer, in the coastal zone, the surface layer warm water 5-8 meters thick can warm up to 11-12 °C.

The sea is rich in various fish species, plant and animal plankton and benthos, so the Barents Sea is of great economic importance as an area of ​​intensive fishing. In addition, it is very important sea ​​route, connecting the European part of Russia (especially the European North) with the ports of the western (from the 16th century) and eastern countries (from the 19th century), as well as Siberia (from the 15th century). Main and largest port is the ice-free port of Murmansk - the capital of the Murmansk region. Other ports in Russian Federation- Teriberka, Indiga, Naryan-Mar (Russia); Vardø, Vadso and Kirkenes (Norway).

The Barents Sea is a region of deployment not only for trade, but also navy RF, including nuclear submarines.

BARENCEVO SEA

The sea is within the continental shelf, and therefore relatively shallow. Average depth 229 m, maximum - 600 m. Depths over 400 m make up only 3% of the area, and shallow water with depths up to 200 m - 48%. The bottom has a very complex relief: hills and banks alternate with underwater valleys and depressions. The Barents Sea shelf is the widest in the world. It stretches from south to north for 700 miles.

The system of permanent currents in the Barents Sea is formed under the influence of many factors. The main ones are the constant inflow of warm Atlantic waters, water exchange with neighboring seas and the complex bottom topography.

Heat content water masses The Barents Sea is determined mainly by the inflow of warm Atlantic waters, solar heating and heat loss in autumn-winter period. It changes from year to year. This is due to pulsations of the North Cape current and the degree of summer heating. With the weakening of these processes, the pressure of water masses from the north increases, which adversely affects the distribution and concentration of bottom fish in shallow waters of the southern part of the Barents Sea.

Having many features of the Arctic seas, the Barents Sea is closely connected with the North Atlantic Ocean. The so-called Icelandic low and the Arctic region of high atmospheric pressure interact here. The North Atlantic Current and its branches have a significant impact on the climate. This geographical position determined the complexity of the climate and hydrological regime Barents Sea.

The climate of the sea, in comparison with other seas of the Arctic, is characterized by mild winters, a large amount of precipitation and relatively high temperatures air in summer. In the coldest month of the year - February - the air temperature averages -25° in the north of the sea and -5° in the southwest. In August - the warmest month - average temperature air is 0° in the north and +10° in the southwest.

In winter, northern winds with a force of 10–11 m/s prevail, in summer the direction of the winds is not constant, and their strength is about 2 times lower. In the Barents Sea, there are frequent fogs, snow loads (even in June) and increased cloudiness.

Coastal waters are rich in various living organisms that serve as food for fish. Thickets of green, red and especially brown algae are significant, among which ascophyllum, a number of species of fucus and kelp stand out.

The ichthyofauna of the Barents Sea includes 114 species of fish: marine, anadromous and found only in desalinated river spaces. They are subdivided into arctic, warm-water-arctic and warm-water. The arctic include - navaga, polar cod, blue and spotted catfish, black halibut; to warm-water-Arctic - cod, haddock, striped catfish, halibut, flounder, ruff, capelin; to warm-water - blue whiting, herring, pollock, sea flounder, ruff, etc.

In terms of the number of species, the families of cod (19), flounder (9), salmon (7) and goby (12) are the richest.

The Barents Sea is characterized by high and low tides, the height of which is 4 m. Thanks to them, there are strong currents in narrow bays - bays. At high tide, whole flocks of fish - cod, saithe, flounder, haddock and others - rush to the shore in search of food. Exactly this auspicious time for fishing with sports and amateur gear. Fishing at depths is not very accessible due to harsh conditions.

About some fish

Cod. Among the bottom fish of the Barents Sea, cod is main view. Breeds off the northwestern coast of Norway, fattening in a wide area of ​​the southern part of the Barents Sea and the Medvezhinsky-Spitsbergen region.

The body of cod, like other cod species, is more or less elongated, covered with small cycloid scales. Fins without spines, with segmented rays. Lateral line white. The upper jaw strongly protrudes forward. The barbel on the chin is well developed. The color varies greatly from dark, ash gray to greenish gray and red with spots of dark, gray-brown, yellow and other colors.

The approach of cod to spawning grounds usually begins in the second half of February and ends in early May. The largest and oldest cod are the first to appear on the spawning grounds. Caviar is floating.

In the first years of life, cod makes only seasonal movements in feeding areas - coastal shallow waters. At the age of 3–4 years, cod gathers in large shoals, and at the age of 4–5 years it already moves over considerable distances.

In feeding areas and during migrations, cod stays not only at the bottom, but also in the water column.

In summer, cod lives on the banks, adhering to the 200-meter isobath. In winter, it usually rolls to great depths.

spring a large number of cod enters the southern part of the Barents Sea from the west and moves east as the water warms up. Here, on the banks, she feeds intensively during the summer and, with the onset of winter cooling, begins her return migrations to the west, to spawning grounds off the coast of Norway. Schools of immature cod remain for the winter in the Barents Sea. The paths of feeding migrations coincide mainly with the direction of the currents. In spring and autumn, cod makes daily vertical migrations.

Cod grows quickly. The age limit for cod should be 22 years. Individual cod specimens may live longer. So, in July 1945, cod was caught in the Barents Sea at the age of 24 years, 169 cm long, weighing 40 kg.

The basis of food is capelin, polar cod, own juveniles and juveniles of other fish, flounder-ruff, lumpenus, gerbil and other fish. Important role kapshak and shrimp play in the diet.

Salmon. It breeds in the rivers of the Kola Peninsula, Karelia and the coast of the Arkhangelsk Region, washed by the White and Barents Seas. The female salmon digs nests in the pebble soil of the river, lays eggs there, which is immediately fertilized by males, and fills the nest with pebbles. After spawning, some of the spawned fish die, some overwinter in the river, and after the ice breaks up and is removed from the river, it rolls into the sea. Some individuals after feeding in the Barents, Norwegian and White Seas return to their native rivers for repeated spawning.

Young salmon, after hatching from eggs and emerging from pebble nests, grows and develops in the river for up to three or four years, after which it rolls into the sea and goes to feeding areas located in the Barents and Norwegian Seas.

Salmon feeding in the sea lasts from one to three or even more years. The size and weight of the fish going to the rivers depends on the feeding time. After a year of fattening in the sea, salmon (called tinda) weighs 2–2.5 kg, after two years - 3–3.6 kg. Fish that have been fattening in the sea for more than three years reach a weight of 9–12 kg, and some specimens even reach 40 kg. But such giants are rare.

Sport fishing for salmon is allowed only on a few rivers flowing into the Barents and White Sea. Among them on the Kola Peninsula are the rivers Titovka, Belousikha, Voronya, Kuzreka and Kanda. Salmon fishing is carried out under licenses purchased for a fee in the Murmansk Regional Society of Hunters and Fishers and in the Murman Fish Farm.

Brown trout. The closest relative of salmon, no less interesting object of sport fishing. Its numbers have declined markedly in recent years. The trout has a residential lake form and anadromous. At a certain age, the latter slides into the sea and feeds there, like salmon, but unlike salmon, it does not go far, it stays close to its native river. The living lake trout reaches a weight of 2 kg or more, while the anadromous trout also gains more weight.

There is no specialized sea fishing for brown trout, but it can be caught in the mouths of those rivers that are allocated for salmon sport fishing under a license issued for salmon fishing.

Char. In addition to salmon and brown trout, the object of sport fishing in the Barents Sea basin can be anadromous char, the most cold-loving form of salmon fish. The char breeds in the rivers of the Kola Peninsula, the north of the Arkhangelsk region, Novaya Zemlya, flowing into the Barents and Kara Seas, and feeds in the sea before coming to the rivers to spawn. The char reaches a weight of 2–3 kg. It is caught in the same way as salmon and trout in the estuarine sections of rivers when moving from the sea to rivers for feeding.