Where are sharks found, in what seas and oceans? Description, types, photos. Are there dangerous sharks in the Black Sea? Sharks in the Adriatic Sea

Are there people who haven't watched Steven Spielberg's famous thriller "Jaws"? I think there are very few such people. I have watched this exciting movie several times. :) I was attracted to this film because every time they showed a shark approaching a man, I thought: “Thank God it’s not me!” :)

Foreign holidays are becoming more and more popular every year in our country. And here there is some concern about whether there are sharks at these resorts. I'll tell you more about this. :)

Statistics

According to statistics, about 100 cases of shark attacks on humans are recorded every year. Moreover, these data come from relatively developed countries, which keeps records of cases of contact with sharks. On the contrary, African countries seem to experience a lot of attacks, but there are no services there to record all cases.

According to official data, greatest number attacks occur in Australia, South Africa and Brazil.

In which seas are sharks found?

Sharks live mainly in warm seas. Here's a small selection:

• Mediterranean Sea. This body of water has suitable habitat conditions for sharks. Thus, cases of shark attacks are periodically recorded in this sea. Over the past 100 years, 22 fatal cases have been recorded.
• Aegean, Adriatic and Ionian seas. I will write about them in one section, since they are all located in the Mediterranean Sea. From 2008 to 2011, a fair amount of terrible news about shark attacks was recorded in these seas. In the Adriatic Sea alone in 2011, there were 34 horrific cases of shark-human contact.

• Red sea. But this is relevant for residents of Russia. For example, I was in Egypt not so long ago, in Hurghada. This resort town is located on the shores of the Red Sea. As I splashed around happily in the water, I didn't even think about the possible presence of sharks. But according to statistics, approximately 30 species of these creatures live in this sea. And cases of attacks are periodically recorded.
• Black Sea. This is perhaps the safest place. The living conditions in this reservoir are not suitable for sharks, so you can safely go to the Black Sea resorts. :)

The secret has always attracted and attracts people. The depths of the world's oceans have long been considered the mysterious kingdom of Leviathan and Neptune. Stories about snakes and squids the size of ships made the most experienced sailors shudder. Unusual and interesting inhabitants of the sea will be discussed by us in this article.

We will talk about dangerous and also about such giants as sharks and whales. Read on, and the mysterious world of deep-sea inhabitants will become more clear to you.

Marine life

Takes up a lot large area than land. In the depths of the world's oceans lie more than one thousand mysteries that attract scientists and extreme sports enthusiasts. Today, only a fraction of the animals inhabiting the water column are known.

In this article we will try to briefly touch on the most important things. You will find out why deep-sea angler has a fishing rod with a flashlight on his forehead. Get acquainted with the diversity of sharks and understand that only a few species pose a real danger to humans.

We will also look at some deep-sea fish. Photos of these unusual animals resemble fauna fantasy worlds from Hollywood movies. Nevertheless, these are real inhabitants of the ocean on planet Earth.

So, our excursion begins with an overview of the deadly species of fish that live in the seas and oceans.

Dangerous inhabitants of the sea

In this article we are talking about a variety of marine animals. Before we touch on the big ones like dolphins, sharks and whales, we'll take a look at the dangerous creatures of the sea.

The main cause of death for unlucky divers is poisoning, and not a shark attack, as it might seem.

Several types of fish can be called the deadliest. These are stone fish, puffer fish, zebra fish (or lion fish), stingray, moray eel and barracuda. The first three are very poisonous. The liquid contained on their spines causes a nerve paralytic effect. A stingray can kill with one blow with a bone sword on its tail or with an electric shock if you step on an electric representative of the species. Moray eels and barracudas are less dangerous, but they can confuse a diver's leg or arm with a fish and cause a laceration. Without proper help, a person usually does not survive.

Also, a particular danger lies in the crevices of stones at the bottom and accumulations of algae. Not only the above-mentioned fish are found here, but also scorpionfish, lionfish, warts and rocktooths. These animals are harmless and will never attack first. But accidental provocation is possible due to careless touching. The fact is that they camouflage themselves very well and are difficult to distinguish against the background of the surrounding landscape. Because of this, divers are advised to swim in pairs or groups rather than alone. In case of a sudden injection and deterioration of health, you should immediately rise to the surface and consult a doctor.

During the article you will see photos of sea inhabitants. These will be giants and dwarfs, unusual anglers and jellied fish.

Types of sharks

The most dangerous inhabitants of the seas are sharks. Today scientists count more than four hundred and fifty species. You will be surprised, but there are very small representatives of these predators. For example, off the coast of Colombia and Venezuela lives a deep-sea shark Etmopterus perryi, which is about twenty centimeters long.

The largest species is the whale shark, which can reach twenty meters in length. Unlike the extinct megalodon, it is not a predator. Its diet includes squid, small fish, and plankton.

It is noteworthy that sharks do not have the swim bladder characteristic of fish. Different species have worked out a way out of this situation in their own way. For example, sand sharks take air into their stomach and create a semblance of a non-existent organ. Most people use the liver instead of a bladder. Squalene bicarbonate, which is quite light, accumulates there.

In addition, sharks have very light bones and cartilage. This creates neutral buoyancy. The rest is created through constant movement. Therefore, most species sleep very little.

People are often asked which sharks in the Black Sea can attack humans. The answer is clear. Only two species are found in this body of water - the katran (spotted spiny shark) and the scyllium (cat shark). Both varieties are completely safe.

Only divers can meet them face to face, but even then the only threat will arise when trying to catch a katran with your hands. It has poisonous spines on its skin. They will not attack, since the person is larger than them. The length of these varieties varies around a meter.

In which seas are sharks found?

This information will not interfere with those who are going on a trip. Tourists are often interested in the question of what seas sharks are found in. Usually such anxiety is caused by concern for one's safety. In fact, a shark attack on a person is a fairly rare event.

Statistics say that only a few species of sharks attack people. And the reason is often that the fish has not figured out who is in front of it. In fact, it does not belong to the selected products of this predator. Research says that after a shark bites into it, it usually spits it back out because it is not the high-fat food it needs.

So, how many seas can become a refuge for dangerous predators? These are the majority of coasts that relate directly to the waters of the world's oceans. For example, Far East and others.

Only four types of sharks are considered the most dangerous - longtip, tiger, blunt-nose and white. The last two are among the most deadly. The white shark is one of the most powerful predators. She can sense a drop of blood from a distance of five kilometers and sneak up on the victim unnoticed. All this is thanks to its specific color, which makes it invisible from the surface.

Ghana, Tanzania and Mozambique, according to unofficial statistics, are considered the most dangerous countries in terms of shark attacks. According to official data, these include Brazil, Australia and New Zealand, USA and South Africa.

In the Mediterranean Sea, the most dangerous species are the longtip and tiger sharks. These same fish can swim from the ocean to the Red Sea. The Northern Seas, as well as the Black and Azov Seas, are completely safe in terms of attacks on humans by sharks.

Types of whales

The largest inhabitants of the sea are whales. Today, despite their impressive size and fairly large populations of some species, the animals are poorly studied. Occur annually unexpected discoveries new orders or specific habits.

On this moment Scientists know about eighty species of whales. Readers will undoubtedly be interested to know that the closest relative of this mammal is the hippopotamus. In addition, whales originally lived on land and were artiodactyls. Researchers say that the ancestor of these giants descended into the water about fifty million years ago.

Biologists distinguish three orders of cetaceans - toothed, baleen and now extinct ancient whales. The former include all species of dolphins, sperm whales and porpoises. They are carnivores. They feed on cephalopods, fish and marine mammals, like seals and fur seals.

Baleen cetaceans, unlike the former, do not have teeth. Instead, they have plates in their mouths, better known as baleen. Through this structure, the mammal draws in water with small fish or plankton. The food is filtered and the liquid is released through a special opening in the form of the famous fountain.

These are huge animals. The largest of the baleen whales is the blue whale. Its mass reaches one hundred and sixty tons, and its length is thirty-five meters. In total, researchers count ten species. These are blue, gray, dwarf, humpback, southern and bowhead whales, sei whale, fin whale and two subspecies of minke whales.

As you can see, the sea and its inhabitants store a lot interesting secrets. Let's figure out where these giants are found.

In what seas are whales found?

For example, whale lice can cause ulcerative boils on the body of these giants.
Among minke whales, the above-mentioned individuals are the most common inhabitants of the seas.

The names of the bodies of water into which they swim are as follows: the White, Barents, Greenland, Norwegian and Baffin Seas in the Atlantic and the Chukchi Sea in the Pacific Ocean.

The blue whale is currently known in four varieties. Its northern and southern species live in the cold seas of the corresponding hemispheres, while the dwarf and Indian species tend to live in tropical latitudes. Due to the special interest, this animal was practically exterminated by the mid-twentieth century. In 1982, a moratorium began to be introduced. Today, about ten thousand individuals are known in the world.

Thus, whales, like dolphins, photos of which will be presented below, live in almost all areas of the world's oceans and in marginal seas. They do not swim into inland waters such as the Mediterranean and Red Seas due to insufficient depth and lack of necessary food.

Dolphin species

Undoubtedly, the most popular and human-friendly sea creatures are dolphins. Photos of these mammals will be presented below.

To date, about forty varieties are known. Eleven of them live in reservoirs of the Russian Federation.

If we separate these sea ​​creatures according to childbirth, you get a rather interesting picture. There are motley, gray, black, as well as Malaysian, Irwadian, humpback and large-toothed dolphins. There are humpbacks, long-beaked, beakless, short-headed and proto-dolphins. This also includes killer whales, small and pygmy killer whales and bottlenose dolphins.

In particular, it is the latter type that is the most popular in literature and cinema. With a high degree of probability, ordinary people, when they hear the word “dolphin,” will remember a representative of this species.

But not all dolphins are sea dwellers. There are four river species. They have poor eyesight and weak sonar. Therefore, these mammals are on the verge of extinction.

For example, the Amazonian river dolphin is pink in color and is considered sacred by Indian tribes. These amazing creatures also live in the Ganges, Chinese rivers and La Plata.

If speak about external signs of this animal, the following may be mentioned. They can reach two meters in length, pectoral fins- about sixty, and the dorsal one - up to eighty centimeters long.

The number of teeth in dolphins is not constant. It varies from one hundred to two hundred. It is noteworthy that there are quite large flocks of these mammals, up to several thousand animals.

Some amazing facts about dolphins. Their brain is three hundred grams heavier than a human brain. It also has twice as many convolutions. They have the ability to sympathize, and their “dictionary” includes up to fourteen thousand different sounds. Signals can be sonar (for orientation) and communicative.

Man uses these mammals for both peaceful (pet therapy) and military (mine detection, kamikaze for submarines) purposes.

In which seas are dolphins found?

How many seas are there on the planet, so many habitats different types dolphins. But their range is not limited only to such reservoirs. They live both in rivers and in the open ocean.

Dolphin species vary depending on sea temperature. For example, in colder northern latitudes the so-called “northern” representatives live. These include beluga whales and narwhals, or sea unicorns.

The former live in places where there is no permanent ice crust. They are not able to break through frozen water. In cold winters, beluga whales migrate south, to the Baltic or the Sea of ​​Japan. It is noteworthy that this species cannot remain without breathing for more than fifteen minutes, so they do not dive deep. Also, beluga whales do not jump into the air like their southern counterparts. The breathing hole manages to become covered with a crust of ice even in the second that they inhale.

Narwhals are more adapted to northern conditions. The tusk, for which they are nicknamed unicorns, is an exaggerated version of the tooth. Usually males have it, most often on the left side, although they are also found with two tusks.

Narwhals use their horns to use their horns to cut holes so that unarmed females and calves can breathe. Therefore, they constantly stay in herds.

However, southern varieties are more popular. Photos of these mammals adorn many logos and are replicated in various industries. Dolphin representatives warm seas They star in films and are admired by tourists. Also, these animals are used for therapy.

They can be found in any sea from temperate latitudes to the equator. But the most famous is the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin. They reach four meters in length and consume about fifteen kilograms of fish per day. They are easy to train, non-aggressive, on the contrary, very friendly.

The main difference between oceanic dolphins and sea dolphins is their diving depth and their ability to survive without oxygen for longer.

The magical world of the Black Sea

Now we will touch on the fauna of one of the most interesting seas of our planet. This is the Black Sea. It has a maximum length from east to west of 1150 kilometers, and from north to south - 580 kilometers. The specificity of the reservoir is that not a single living organism is found deeper than two hundred meters, except for anaerobic bacteria. The fact is that further, to the very bottom, the water is highly saturated with hydrogen sulfide.

Therefore, fish living in the Black Sea choose the upper layers or shelf, where benthic species are concentrated. These include gobies, flounders and others.

Biologists say that this body of water is home to four times fewer different species of living creatures than in the Mediterranean Sea. Of these, there are only one hundred and sixty types of fish. The poverty of the fauna is explained not only by the high content of hydrogen sulfide, but also by the low salinity of the water.

The cat and scorpionfish are the most dangerous fish, living in the Black Sea. Their skin and tail have poisonous growths, thorns and thorns. There are only two species of sharks in this reservoir, which do not pose the slightest threat to humans. This is (katran) and which, like the swordfish, sometimes penetrates the Bosphorus.

Also in the Black Sea there are salmon, trout, anchovy, herring, sturgeon and other types of fish.

Next we will study the most unusual inhabitants seas. They vary in color, structure, method of searching for prey and defense mechanisms. You will be surprised at how unlimited imagination nature has.

main feature This fish consists of a special growth on the forehead with a gland at the end. Outwardly, it resembles a fishing rod, for which the monkfish is also called an angler fish. Bacteria in the gland can emit light, which attracts fish that serve as food for this predator.

The second unusual marine inhabitant is the sac swallow. This is a fish up to thirty centimeters in size. But it can swallow a victim four times its size and up to ten times heavier. This ability is achieved due to the absence of ribs and the presence of a large elastic stomach.

Like the previous representative of sea inhabitants, largemouth can swallow a victim larger than itself. The specificity of this fish is that the head with a huge mouth makes up a third of its body, the rest resembles an eel.

There are also completely extraordinary deep-sea fish. You can see a photo of the drop fish below. This is an incomprehensible animal in the form of a jelly. Despite the fact that its meat is not edible and it is found only near Australia, this species is on the verge of extinction. Fishermen catch it for souvenirs.

Thus, in this article, you and I, dear readers, got acquainted with the terrible and dangerous inhabitants seas. Learned about different species of whales, sharks and dolphins. We also talked about the latitudes in which they are likely to be found and how deadly some individuals can be.

When going to a resort, people want to be sure of the safety of themselves and their loved ones. IN last years Many people consider shark attacks to be a serious threat. The reason for this is the increasing frequency of media reports about such cases. So, in which seas are sharks found?

Scientists say that today sharks live not only in the seas, but also in the oceans, and are also found in some lakes and rivers. Sharks appeared on the planet a very long time ago, so it is not surprising that over several million years of evolution they have adapted to life anywhere.

Are there sharks in the seas?

As mentioned above, you can meet sharks in various points globe. However, sharks prefer to live where they are most comfortable, and the conditions are better suited for reproduction.

Most often, sharks live in open and coastal waters; less often they can be found in rivers. It is reliably known that these fish can be found in the Ganges and the Amazon.

If we talk about the seas, then sharks can definitely be found in the Baltic, Barents, Azov, and also Far Eastern seas. Perhaps you heard that there are sharks in the Black Sea and decided that these were rumors. We have to upset you, but they also meet there. They also live in the Mediterranean Sea, although they very rarely attack people.

In recent years, reports of shark attacks in the Red Sea have become more frequent. Scientists say that this behavior is not normal for sharks, but rather falls on the list of anomalies.

Of course, sharks prefer to live in warm waters oceans and seas. It happens that they meet in northern waters, and cold parts of the seas, but this is rather an exception. Sharks tend to live where it is easier to get food, and most sea ​​creatures lives precisely in warm waters. Since sharks are predators, it is this kind of food that interests them in the first place.

There is evidence according to which sharks can also be found in cold waters. Since today the inhabitants of cold water bodies have not been fully studied, it is impossible to say unequivocally about the possibility of meeting sharks in cold seas.

Wondering if there are sharks in the Black Sea? And it’s not even about horror movies from childhood, but about the most common human concern for one’s life and health.

Are there sharks in the Black Sea?

The answer to such a question can instill fear in unknowing people, because this answer: "Yes", and this is a scientifically proven fact.

What predators live there?

You can breathe out - the sharks that live in the waters of the Black Sea are practically not dangerous for humans due to its small size and caution. During the day they hide in the depths and do not disturb vacationers with their presence.

When meeting fishermen, Black Sea sharks do not attack them, but go to the bottom.

In addition to sharks, there are other dangerous ones in the Black Sea:

• Jellyfish. Cornerot is dangerous; it can sting a person quite seriously with its poison;
• Sea ruff or scorpionfish. It has clawed teeth and poisonous glands located on its fins;
• Sea dragon. The seemingly harmless fish has a spine next to the gill cover and on the first dorsal fin poisonous glands, which poses a great danger to people;
• Stingray stingray. Its tail has a sharp spine that can grow up to 35 cm. The sting of this protective element is very painful.

Unfavorable living environment

The Black Sea is unfavorable for the life of large sharks that are dangerous to humans for a number of reasons. At a depth of approximately 60-70 meters Black Sea waters contain hydrogen sulfide, which is not suitable for breathing for most shark species.

And one more fact why there are no dangerous sharks in the Black Sea. Due to the lack of diversity and quantity of marine fauna, large predators simply nothing to eat in the Black Sea. The slightly salty waters of the Black Sea are not suitable for life large sharks got into it from .

Black Sea species of thunderstorms of the seas - photo

Only two shark species

Katran

Also called dogfish or the Black Sea shark is the most famous predator of the Black Sea. The main feature of this shark is the spines on its fins, which are designed for protection. They are covered with poisonous mucus. There are known cases when a person could be injured by this shark while sorting the catch, being injured by poisonous spines.

Katrans do not like to swim alone and prefer to flock together in common schools.

The katran has a streamlined elongated shape, this allows you to develop higher speed . These sharks live at a depth of up to 40 meters, a little deeper in the summer, as they prefer water with a temperature of 14-15 degrees. An adult katran is no more than 160 cm in length and lives 25 years. It prefers to eat herring, horse mackerel, squid and even octopus. Avoids meeting people.

Feline

Cat shark is also known as scyllium. She has enough small size- on average 60-70 cm. The shark’s body is covered with spots, which makes it similar to representatives of the feline species. Hunts in shallow water, feeding on small fish and crustaceans. Due to its size, it is often included in the diet of its larger counterparts. It usually lives at a depth of 80-100 meters.

This nocturnal predator has excellent vision darkness. During the day he prefers to lead a sedentary lifestyle. This type of shark mainly lives along the coast Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea, from where it enters the Black Sea through the Bosphorus during the migration period.

Blue, spiny and dwarf sharks can be found in the waters of the Adriatic Sea. Where is it - read in.

Sea killers and cases of attacks on people

Most of the statements that there are dangerous sharks, with relatives to fishing tales. And they are among the most mysterious and dangerous species sharks in the World Ocean.

Goblin Shark

Differently goblin shark. Perhaps the most ancient and little-studied species of shark on the planet. The only deep sea shark. Scientists have come across the bones of a goblin shark that is 80 million years old.

This fish acquired such an ominous name for a reason. The goblin has a large sensitive protuberance on its nose, which does not add to its attractiveness, and a movable jaw that moves far forward when it sees prey. It prefers depths of more than 300 meters and never rises to the surface. There are enough rarely and was considered an extinct species for many years.

Compared with Black Sea sharks The goblin is of impressive size. Length adult more 3 meters.

Even the color of this shark remains a mystery; it is supposedly pink, but if the shark dies, it changes to brown.

The shark has interesting features:

1. Electroreception. That is, it is capable of receiving electrical impulses from environment. This helps her get food in the dark depths of the sea;
2. She has another ability deep sea fish- her eyes glow in the dark greenish light.

The goblin feeds on shellfish and fish. Shark lives in all oceans except for the Arctic, preferring warm and temperate waters. Most often found off the coast of Japan.

In December 2010, information appeared in the media that in the Black Sea in the area, fishermen was caught goblin shark. No one was hurt except the shark itself. Photos, video reports, interviews appeared. However, experts considered the information a “duck”. It is also not known how dangerous the goblin shark actually is.

White torpedo

Shark eater. The name speaks for itself. This is one of the most large predators on the planet. Its length reaches 7 meters. Despite its enormous size, the shark is quite intelligent and curious; it has a well-developed sense of smell, allowing it to smell prey several kilometers away.

The shape of a shark resembles torpedo, which allows it to reach speeds of up to 24 kilometers per hour. Can dive to depths of more than 1000 meters. White sharks live 60 years. Adults feed big fish, seals, sea ​​lions, cephalopods, can attack other sharks and even whales.

Big White shark gained a reputation as a killer due to numerous cases of attacking humans. This shark lives in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans.

According to scientists, white sharks entering from Mediterranean Sea through the Bosphorus quite probably, but they will not swim far from the strait and the shores - changes in water temperature in winter and summer are not suitable for them.

White sharks are thermophilic - they live in waters heated from +12 to +24 degrees.

Here are some cases of white sharks appearing near the Black Sea from the world of news:

• V 2008 And 2009 years, in the area of ​​the Dardanelles Strait, fishermen from Turkey caught baby white sharks in a net;
• in July 2011 year, Turkish fishermen caught a young great white shark in the same region;
• in September 2016 the same fishermen discovered a school of white sharks in the Bosphorus Strait off the coast.

Blue sea queen

This species of shark got its name because of its unusual gray-blue color. Smaller in size than white, adults reach 4 meters. This species lives in Indian and Pacific Oceans. Prefers moderate and calm waters.

The blue shark is an excellent hunter and loves small fish, in coastal waters can attack waterfowl. This fish does not distinguish colors, but has phenomenal sense of smell.

With a man near a blue shark difficult relationships. In Malaysia, the blue shark is commercial fish and it is from there that it ends up on the tables of gourmets different countries. But the predator herself does not remain in debt. Probability of attack especially large in the open ocean.

Less commonly, careless swimmers in warm lagoons can also be attacked by blue sharks.

On April 12, 2015, a blue shark attacked a photographer in south Florida, resulting in only a bitten forearm. According to the victim, he himself provoked shark in pursuit of the perfect shot.

And in this video you can find out a little more about one of the Black Sea sharks: