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Abalone is the rarest and most valuable variety of pearls, born in the body of the mollusk of the same name. “Abalone” - such a funny name for this deep-sea gastropod mollusk, allocated to a separate family haliotidae (Greek “khalis” - sea, “otis” - ear), received due to the shape of the shell, really remotely resembling an auricle with a small flat curl. The shell wall has a highly developed mother-of-pearl layer, which often has bright, saturated shades; which makes the shell a valuable raw material for various jewelry crafts and ornaments.

Clam Abalone

Has found application abalone shell and in occult rituals; in the culture of the natives of the American Northwest, for example, it was used as a natural vessel for offering, prayer, purification, incense of herbs and plant mixtures.

The most common mollusk in tropical and subtropical waters; found in temperate waters of the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic.

Medium the size of the molluscs of this family from 5 to 7 centimeters, but representatives of certain species grow to significantly larger dimensions and can reach 35 centimeters.

Stone (pearl) abalone

Sometimes a pearl is born directly in the body of a mollusk, consisting of a huge amount of concentric layers of mother-of-pearl and repeating the color scheme of the inner surface of the shell, and it can vary from gray-green and silvery shades to cream, purple and even purple. The most valuable and rare shades are iridescent blue, green and purple. hallmark Abalone pearl is a pronounced luster. It is extremely difficult to cultivate this variety of pearls in artificial conditions, due to some anatomical features the clam itself.

From a chemical point of view, pearls are calcium carbonate (this is chemical composition mother-of-pearl), and only 10% are impurities organic substances (conchiolin, the color of pearls mainly depends on it) and water. The structure of the pearls are radially concentric, and consist of formations of calcite or aragonite (both are calcium carbonate, but with a different crystal structure).

Pearls are formed if any foreign particles get inside the shell of a mollusk, as a result of a protective reaction of the mollusk to this irritant. outer layer robes contains a large number of glandular cells, the function of which is to develop various layers of the shell in which the mollusk lives. IN normal condition these cells produce, among other things, mother-of-pearl, which creates the same-named layer of the shell wall. In the event of a foreign particle entering, mother-of-pearl can also envelop it in concentric layers, thereby preventing its contacts with the body of the mollusk and at the same time giving rise to the future pearl.

Some experts do not attribute abalone to pearls as such, since according to all canons it is believed that the source of pearls are bivalves; haliotis are single-leaved.

But this did not prevent the abalone from becoming the most valuable, one of the most expensive types of pearls. Abalone pearls of the correct, rounded shape are incredibly rare; therefore, if a pearl of this variety appears, having a shape close to ideal, then its price increases significantly. Most of the found pearls of this species are in the form of a horn or shark tooth.

The bulk of these the rarest pearls found along the coast North America, in the Pacific Ocean; but, along with this, you can also meet them in New Zealand. Japan and Korea. Currently, this rarest variety of pearls is mined mainly off the coast of California and in Mexico.

Abalone pearls are credited with a number of healing and even magical properties:

From an astrological point of view, pearls are suitable to varying degrees for all signs zodiac circle. But this mineral is especially favorable for those born under the signs:

• Libra.

Traditionally pearl appears in the list of possible gifts on the first, third, twelfth and thirtieth wedding anniversaries.

Catalog of commercial fish

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Abalone or Abalone
Abalone - Ancient gastropods - Mollusca gastropods
Haliotis spp.

up to 42 cm in length and 1.5 kg in weight, usually 350 g; mining season: May - September.

Habitat
Representatives of the family Abalones (Haliotidae) are quite numerous at present, and belong to one genus of abalones (Haliotis), which includes about 70 species. They live in the coastal waters of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

General information
In the shells of these mollusks, although very rarely, very valuable pearls of extraordinary greenish-blue hues are found.
An edible single-shell mollusk (of the genus Haliotis), whose shell is shaped like a human ear with a small flat curl on the side at the rear end, a very wide entrance, with a developed mother-of-pearl layer and a number of holes along the left edge. There is no lid. The mollusk is larger than a shell, with a wide, fringed leg at the edges and a deep slit-like cut of the mantle (which corresponds to a series of shell openings). The muzzle is short, the eyes are on short stalks. The ventral side of the mollusk is a muscular leg that looks like a sole. With the help of the foot, the mollusk firmly sticks to the stone surface. The shell of a gastropod mollusk consists of a thin organic layer, under which there is a porcelain layer, which in turn consists of strong plates that intersect at right angles and are located perpendicular to the surface of the shell. The plates cover the body from the outside, like a shell. There is also an inner pearl layer. Majority gastropods have in the oral cavity an interesting apparatus for feeding - the so-called radula, or grater. It is a ribbon covered with rows of small cloves. The radula protrudes from the mouth and, moving back and forth, scrapes food. The mollusk draws pieces of food into its mouth, crushes it with its jaws and swallows it. The type of gastropod mollusk is determined by the shape of the denticles of the radula, their number and arrangement in the rows. Mollusks feed on various intestinal polyps. The Abalone mollusk has a large edible muscle, and belongs to the same class as the abalone. The wonderful deep sea clam Abalone is a high quality product. One of the varieties - the South African abalone - lives in Atlantic Ocean. This mollusk was also mined for the sake of a high-grade mother-of-pearl layer of the shell, cast in all the colors of the rainbow. Mother-of-pearl shells are used for inlaid work, for the manufacture of various kinds of jewelry and buttons.
In Japan, the main commercial species is Haliotis gigantea, which has large shells (10 - 20 cm long). The same species is caught in large numbers along the entire East Asian coast. Pacific Ocean and in Australia. Other species of haliotis are mined in California - N. fulgenes and N. rufescens, on the Mediterranean coast of Europe - N. tuberculata.

nutritional value
This mollusc has medicinal properties and is recommended for people suffering from diseases of the liver, kidneys, vision. It has a beneficial effect on women. Abalone also supplies the body nutrients that improve blood composition.

Culinary use
Abalone has long been mined as a valuable food product in China and Japan. Shellfish, used in cooking in dried or canned form (Chinese cuisine). Also consumed raw. The shellfish must be alive when cooked. Prepare the floor. minutes. After death, the yellowish-brown meat becomes tough and changes color. Because of this, it is often cut into strips and frozen. In Korean cuisine, haliotis is used in cooking in jongbokchuk (abalone rice porridge). In Thai cuisine, abalone is steamed and seasoned with wuwei sauce ( soy sauce, tomato paste and spices).

Sushi avabi
150-200 g abalone, soy sauce, nori, rice - 400 g, sesame
Boil the rice, put it on the nori in an even layer, put abalone strips on top, roll up the rolls. Sprinkle with sesame seeds and serve with soy sauce.
Bon appetit!

Abalone with lemon juice
2-3 abalone, lemon, white pepper, salt.
Open the shells, remove the pulp. Rinse both the shell and the pulp, sprinkle with lemon juice, salt and pepper to taste. Serve immediately.
Bon appetit!

Pasta with seafood
Spaghetti - 150g, olive oil - 1 tablespoon, cherry tomatoes - 12pcs, sea cocktail - 400g, garlic - 1 clove, salt, pepper
Boil pasta in salted water. Heat oil in a saucepan, add garlic and fry for 30 seconds. Put tomatoes with sea cocktail and pasta in a saucepan. Warm up, salt and add herbs.

Galiotis ( another name - abalone - from Amer. spanish abulon ) (lat. haliotis) is a genus of gastropods from the subclass Vetigastropoda allocated to their own family - Haliotidae . In Russia, you can also hear the name abalone. The shells are stunningly beautiful (see photos), and therefore the abalone decorations are just as magnificent.

There are 51 species. The shape of the haliotis shell is similar to the ear, for which it got its name (from the Latin haliotis - “sea ear”). Galiotis are large New Zealand paua mollusks used by humans for food. The meat is considered a delicacy and goes on sale under the name abalone. Under favorable conditions, these amazing animals can live up to 50 years.

Haliotis, a kind of mother-of-pearl, is the "feather of the Firebird", raised from the bottom of the sea. It is stronger than pearl, and has been used in many cultures as an ornament for carvings and in jewelry. A disk with a galliotis was worn by Apache girls on their foreheads, saluting the sun on the morning of the day of initiation.

Galiotis is common name mother-of-pearl extracted from the shells of these mollusks.

Mother-of-pearl consists of calcium carbonate (lime carbonate) and protein. Hardness 5.0-6.0 on the Mohs scale, density 2.7 g/cm3.

Pearls and haliotis are composed of various components, but the main one is calcium carbonate (gems ​​aragonite and calcite also contain this component).

In the shell of agaliotis, sometimes reaching 25 centimeters in length, there are several holes through which the mollusk passes its tentacles, and also releases water from the gills. The first decorations made of haliotis were hung precisely for these holes. On the shells of this species, pearls adhering to the inner surface are quite often found - the so-called "blisters". One abalone shell can produce over a hundred pearls!

In the photo on the right - a bracelet made of abalone. The shell is big. In general, rings and beads are made with it, and the pattern of jewelry (and shade) is really very different ..

Haliotis is, more precisely, not even a shell, but a snail, it’s just that its shell is very flattened, and its curls are very wide. The layer of internal mother-of-pearl is visible as soon as the mollusk is separated from the shell. The most beautiful iridescent colors can be seen by removing the top protective layer conchialin.

Shades of mother-of-pearl abalone are very diverse: from pale pink and white, emerald green, aquamarine, cobalt blue, orange red to purple and almost black. The overflows of color are explained by the structure of the shell, which consists of microscopic plates separated by air layers that refract the rays.

Mother-of-pearl galiotis is very durable and flexible: The sink is able to absorb impacts. But in jewelry, haliotis, of course, should be protected: avoid scratches and exposure to aggressive environments, as with gems, and with precious stones.

Haliotis do not tolerate desalination and are not found in Russian seas, and on Far East, thanks to the warm current, the northernmost populations reach Moneron Island, a little over 40 kilometers from the coast of Sakhalin.

Haliotis shells are a popular souvenir that all tourists bring from Moneron. Abalone jewelry, their manufacture and sale is a traditional craft of the indigenous people of New Zealand - the Maori. Also, the abalone shell - a traditional container used by the American Indians for burning herbs and plant mixtures - look at the photo on the right - smoking incense in the abalone shell.

Many species of galiotis are on the verge of extinction, and their commercial fishing is prohibited.

Abalone meat is consumed by humans in their habitats, and the local population has long used abalone to make jewelry. In New Zealand, haliotis is called paua shells and they make many different things and jewelry from its mother-of-pearl: pendants, bracelets, necklaces, earrings, rings, they sell the shells themselves as souvenirs. By ancient tradition the paua shell is hung from the donkey's tail by holes.

In Japan abalone (avabi)- This wedding gift newlyweds - a wish for a happy and long union.

Galiotis was previously also used as tableware and inlaid art items: buttons, jewelry boxes, snuff boxes, chip boxes, decorative tables, chessboards, weapon handles, mirrors, and furniture. In the 18th century mother-of-pearl snuff boxes were very popular.

Nowadays, haliotis in jewelry is sometimes combined with precious stones, but it looks great on its own. You can find stylizations of Maori national jewelry - earrings and necklaces, or classic jewelry (pendants, rings, brooches).

The pattern and shades of the abalone shell are unique, each decoration is unique.

Mother-of-pearl should be worn frequently and kept clean at all times. It must be cleaned in a mild soapy solution; you can also lightly wipe with potato starch, this removes excess moisture and dirt.

Why wear haliotis

Haliotis has all the healing properties of mother-of-pearl. Alchemists in the old days believed that abalone powder cures almost all diseases, and therefore ground mother-of-pearl and pearls were sold in pharmacies. Abalone powder was used to prepare cosmetic creams that whitened the skin of the face, removed freckles and removed age spots. Galiotis is even today used in cosmetology.

Mother-of-pearl is a very "pure" stone. Those who wear it as part of a pendant or other decoration around the neck, mother-of-pearl protects against diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

He supports good health, enhances immunity and performance.

Galiotis - the talisman of people involved in charity, creative people because it stimulates creative thinking.

When you reach a certain age, you don't fucking need any drama. We need adequacy, sex, money, dinner, a couple of good films and time to relax together.

Abalone - chaliotis - "abalone" is a single-valve deep-sea mollusk of the genus Haliotis, which lives off the coast Sea of ​​Japan.

abalone abalone

haliotis (Haliotidae), a family of marine prone gill mollusks. Known since the chalk. The shell (up to 20 cm long) is ear-shaped, with a low curl and a flattened last whorl, the color is protective on the outside, mother-of-pearl on the inside. On the left, near the edge of the sink, there are holes for ejection of water. 6 births, approx. 70 species, in tropical coastal waters. and subtropical. seas; in the USSR at about. Moneron is inhabited by a species (Sulculus discus), the larvae of which are introduced warm current off the coast of Japan. Dioecious. Fertilization is external. The larvae are planktonic. They live in the surf zone and places with heavy water movement, on solid substrates. They feed by scraping radula fouling from the substrate. Object of fishing and aquaculture. Meat is eaten (USA, China, Japan, New Zealand, etc.). The shell is used in applied arts. (see 31_TABLE_31) fig. 4.

.(Source: Biological encyclopedic Dictionary." Ch. ed. M. S. Gilyarov; Editorial: A. A. Babaev, G. G. Vinberg, G. A. Zavarzin and others - 2nd ed., corrected. - M.: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1986.)

See what "Abalone" is in other dictionaries:

Abalone ... Wikipedia

Family sea ​​shellfish subclass of the anterior gills. shell up to 20 cm long, similar to an ear. OK. 70 species, in coastal waters of the tropics and subtropics. The object of fishing and breeding in the USA, Japan and other countries (meat and shell) ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

A family of marine molluscs of the subclass Anterior Gills. The shell is up to 20 cm long, similar to an ear. About 70 species, in the coastal waters of the tropics and subtropics. The object of fishing and breeding in the USA, Japan and other countries (meat and shell). * * *… … encyclopedic Dictionary

- (Haliotidae) a family of gastropod molluscs of the pronebranch subclass. Shell up to 20 cm long, ear-shaped, with a short, slightly raised whorl and a large last whorl pierced by one row of holes. Inner surface… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Sea family. shellfish connected. prebranchial. Sink dl. up to 20 cm, similar to an ear. OK. 70 species, in coastal waters of the tropics and subtropics. The object of fishing and breeding in the USA, Japan and other countries (meat and shell) ... Natural science. encyclopedic Dictionary

uh; pl. Zool. A subclass of gastropods that has gills in front of the heart. * * * Anterobranchial subclass of mollusks of the class Gastropoda. The shell (from 1 mm to 60 cm) is usually spirally curled, sometimes in the form of a cap, less often absent. More than 50 thousand… … encyclopedic Dictionary

- (Prosobranchia), a subclass of gastropods. Known since the early Cambrian. The mantle cavity with the mantle complex is located in front (hence the name). The shell (length from 1 mm to 60 cm) is usually spiral, less often cap-shaped, sometimes reduced; ... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary

- (lat, Haliotis tuberculata) a large mollusk with dense meat, which is caught mainly in the coastal waters of California and Mexico. Fresh clam meat is removed from the shell, and when it hardens, cut into slices and pour marinade from ... ... Culinary Dictionary

This term has other meanings, see Snail. Gastropods ... Wikipedia

The most primitive in the protogill subclass are those representatives of the order of ancient gastropods who retained some structural features characteristic of primary gastropods, for example, two feathery gills lying in the mantle cavity, paired ... ... Biological Encyclopedia