How to accurately determine the state of alcohol intoxication? External signs of alcohol intoxication clearly specified in the law

The state of alcohol intoxication is characterized by severe intoxication of the body. It manifests itself most clearly after drinking large amounts of alcoholic beverages. This is a temporary condition, which is accompanied by a violation of psychological and physiological functions body. Human behavior and reactions change. Signs of alcohol intoxication are subjective, but some of them are common to all drinkers.

About the pathological condition

A condition in which vegetative, mental and neurological disorders occur due to alcohol consumption is called alcohol intoxication. It is the result of the influence of the breakdown products of ethyl alcohol on the human body. These toxic substances negatively affect the entire human body in general and the central nervous system in particular. A drunk person is no longer able to control himself. The severity of this condition depends on individual tolerance to alcohol and the amount drunk.

Alcohol is absorbed in all parts of the gastrointestinal tract from the moment it enters the oral cavity and ending with the small intestine. The highest concentration of ethanol in the blood is observed an hour after drinking an alcoholic drink. With the blood flow it spreads throughout the body and penetrates all its tissues. It is broken down in the liver through various enzymes. Ethyl alcohol is excreted through urine, sweat and exhaled air.

Pathological behavioral reactions and other negative manifestations are the result of the effects of ethanol on the cerebral cortex. Since the vasomotor and respiratory centers are affected, after drinking alcohol, reflexes weaken, the heartbeat quickens, and breathing changes. In most cases, alcohol intoxication is indicated by three signs: unsteady gait, bad breath, and slurred speech.

Alcohol has a detrimental effect:

• on the heart and blood vessels. Alcohol abuse increases the risk of alcoholic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, vascular blockage and other pathologies of the cardiovascular system;
• organs of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Toxic breakdown products of alcohol irritate the mucous membrane of the digestive organs, disrupting this process. Patients with alcoholism often suffer from gastritis and ulcers.
• liver. Alcohol causes necrosis of liver tissue. The destructive process also occurs after a person stops drinking alcohol. With alcoholism, patients may suffer from fatty hepatosis and cirrhosis of the liver.
• genitourinary system. Ethyl alcohol partially settles in the kidneys, accumulates in sperm and testicles, which reduces reproductive ability and potency.

The negative effect of alcohol on the central nervous system manifests itself in behavioral disturbances

Degrees of severity and their signs

External signs Alcohol intoxication depends on the amount of alcohol consumed and the strength of the alcoholic beverage. General state the human body and individual characteristics of the perception of alcohol also play an important role in what manifestations may occur during alcohol intoxication. Elderly people and teenagers are more likely to get drunk from strong drinks.

All signs of intoxication from alcohol are grouped according to the severity of this condition, there are three of them - mild, moderate and severe. In addition, severe poisoning and alcoholic coma are distinguished separately. This classification is based on the amount of ethanol in the blood. In mild cases, it ranges from 20 to 100 mmol/l. To achieve a state of mild intoxication, 2-3 glasses of alcohol are enough.

The following are its characteristics:

• redness of the facial skin from a rush of blood;
• increased excitability;
• cardiopalmus;
• absent-minded attention;
• uncharacteristic liveliness and wit;
• elation and slight euphoria;
• sparkle in the eyes;
• blurred vision.

With mild intoxication, sexual desire and appetite increase. The duration of this state is 3–5 hours, after which the person becomes sleepy and falls asleep deeply. After waking up, there is no hangover or headache. This is due to the fact that a mild degree of intoxication is characterized by the psychotropic effects of alcohol rather than the toxic ones. All a person’s memories of what happened are preserved in full.

The average severity of alcohol intoxication is characterized by a combination of toxic and intoxication manifestations. Among the signs, symptoms of central dysfunction predominate nervous system. The average degree is determined by the presence of ethyl alcohol in the blood from 100 to 250 mmol/l. The following manifestations are observed:

• slurred and slow speech;
• difficulty finding words;
• inappropriate and impulsive behavior;
• impaired coordination of movements;
• inability to accurately make small movements;
• shaky and uncertain gait;
• sweeping and intermittent movements;
• difficulty in external perception;
• disturbed orientation.

With such a degree of intoxication, a person’s self-esteem unreasonably increases with a sharp decrease in his critical attitude towards himself. Mood fluctuations are observed, a person can be in a state of euphoria and at the same time sharply show irritability, dissatisfaction and resentment. Depressive feelings are again replaced by a feeling of euphoria. After intoxication, a person falls asleep and after waking up, some episodes that occurred while intoxicated fall out of memory and are forgotten. The next morning, severe intoxication appears, and performance is reduced.

Severe alcohol intoxication is diagnosed when the blood contains ethyl alcohol in an amount of 250 to 400 mol/l. In this state, the ability to orient is almost completely lost and numerous disturbances in the vital systems of the body are observed. The person is unable to react to people, he is very inhibited and does not understand what they are saying to him, and he himself cannot explain anything.

The intoxication effect is long-lasting and lasts for several days.

The characteristic features of this degree are as follows:

• inability to stand on your own feet;
• significant difficulties in speech and facial expressions;
• dizziness;
• complete lack of appetite;
• nausea and vomiting;
• disturbances of consciousness;
• urinary and fecal incontinence;
• decrease in body temperature below normal;
• amnesia.

Physical manifestations of this degree of alcohol intoxication include: very rapid heartbeat, decreased blood pressure, increased sweating. With such symptoms, serious complications can develop. A severe degree of intoxication is dangerous because a person can fall into a coma. This is especially true for those who drank a very large dose of alcohol for the first time.

The degree of intoxication is determined by the amount of alcohol in the blood

Signs of pathological intoxication

According to the form of manifestation, alcohol intoxication is divided into:

• to depressive. An intoxicated person develops an obsessive idea of ​​suicide. In this case, the help of a specialist is required;
• dysphoric. A person in a state of intoxication develops inexplicable fear and panic, and is suddenly overcome by an irresistible melancholy;
• hysterical. It is more common in women and is characterized by increased conflict;
• hebephrenic. An adult in a state of intoxication begins to behave like a child. At the same time, he shows aggression if this fact is pointed out to him.

Pathological forms include epileptoid and paranoid alcohol intoxication. The first is characterized by sharp changes in prostration and excitement. Its main signs are anger and aggression, inappropriate behavior. The consciousness of the intoxicated person is not impaired. The paranoid form of intoxication is distinguished by the fact that a person becomes paranoid and sees a danger to himself in everything. Gradually, he is overcome by uncontrollable horror and hallucinations appear.

Alcoholic coma is also a severe form of intoxication. It is accompanied by such manifestations as: loss of consciousness, increased pulse rate, constriction of the pupils, severe vomiting. Against the background of a low temperature, sweat appears on the patient’s forehead, and the skin of the face turns blue. During a deep coma, the pulse and pressure drop to a critical level, all life processes slow down, and the person may die.

Alcoholic coma - extreme degree of intoxication

Necessary manifestations for drawing up an act

Alcohol lovers often face difficulties both in everyday life and at work. So, if an employee is confirmed to be intoxicated at the workplace, then this threatens him with disciplinary action or even dismissal. Drunk drivers driving vehicles pose a danger to others. Therefore, traffic police officers have the right to stop suspicious drivers and check them for alcohol intoxication.

This right is clearly stated in the law. It is also indicated that when such violators are identified, an alcohol intoxication certificate is drawn up. Identification and testing is carried out on the following points: external symptoms, breath analysis and blood test for the presence of alcohol. In some cases, to identify residual alcohol metabolites in the body, it is necessary to take a urine sample.

Examination of alcohol intoxication is enshrined in law

The main signs of intoxication are: slurred speech, inappropriate behavior, smell of alcohol on breath, unsteady gait. Therefore, identification is carried out precisely according to these indicators. The following fields are filled in in the inspection report:

• Date and place of inspection.
• Full name, position and type of unit of the person drawing up the act.
• Information about the person being examined (full name, place of work, date of birth and place of residence, telephone number).
• Signs of intoxication.
• The exact start time of the examination.
• The device used to perform the procedure.
• Percentage of detection of ethyl alcohol in human exhaled air.
• Confirmation or refutation of the fact of alcohol intoxication.

The examination process must take place in the presence of 2 strangers - witnesses. A copy of the report with the results is given to the person in respect of whom the procedure was carried out. At the same time, he must indicate whether he agrees or not with the presented results and sign the document.

The problem of alcoholism in Russia, unfortunately, does not lose its relevance today. The reasons for this negative phenomenon include the general availability of strong drinks, the inability to consume them wisely, and the special mentality of our people. Those who like to drink and are not aware of the future consequences often have to face difficulties in social sphere. Especially if we're talking about on the performance of official or professional duties.

Offense Act: Why is drunkenness punished?

The act of alcohol intoxication (a sample document will be presented below in the text of the article) is the first real problem that the drinker will have to face. When drawing up a document against an official at the workplace, the drunkard faces dismissal or at least disciplinary action. Drunk driving is also punishable by law - it results in deprivation for the offender driver's license, a huge fine, and in some cases - administrative arrest.

When driving a vehicle, a drunk driver loses the ability to react to the road adequately and immediately, which creates a danger for himself and other road users. A person who has all the main signs of alcohol intoxication is also unable to perform his usual work, control his actions and bear responsibility for them, and therefore deserves the application of appropriate educational measures in relation to himself.

Protocol on employee intoxication as a reason for dismissal

Even if a person has become a victim of biased accusations against him, the first thing he should do is to become familiar with the procedure for legal relations arising between him and a superior person (representative government agency) in case of being at the workplace or driving a car while intoxicated.

The head of the institution has the right to draw up a report on the employee being in a state of alcoholic intoxication and dismiss the “negligent” employee in cases where the culprit was discovered while drinking alcoholic beverages:

• at work;
• in the territory adjacent to the company;
• at the branches of the enterprise.

In what cases is the execution of an act not a reason for dismissal?

When registering an employee being intoxicated, the time of the incident plays a big role. As a rule, an employee who is “tipsy” and noticed outside of his work shift does not face dismissal; in most cases, the matter ends with a warning from management.
Certificate of execution job responsibilities in a drunken state also does not constitute if:

• employees of the enterprise carry out their activities overtime;
• the employee drank alcohol before working hours and was not allowed to perform work duties;
• the drunk is a minor employee of the enterprise - the manager has the right to dismiss the violator, subject to obtaining permission from the state labor inspectorate;
• a drunk employee is a pregnant woman, the mother of a child under 3 or 6 years old, the mother of a disabled person or raising a child as a single mother.

At first glance, the situation is absolutely paradoxical, and instead of receiving legal punishment for violations, such people will be able to avoid dismissal even if they regularly drink alcohol at work. Citizens who do not fall into the above categories will have to answer to the fullest extent of the law for the offense committed.

The main signs of intoxication

As soon as the administration of the institution becomes aware of the fact of a violation on the part of an employee, a protocol is drawn up, which also contains signs of alcohol intoxication. They are of fundamental importance for the act and bringing the perpetrator to justice.
Obvious manifestations of a person’s intoxication include:

• alcohol odor from the mouth;
• unsteadiness and instability of movements, postures, gait;
• changes in speech;
• facial redness;
• inappropriate behavior.

How to correctly draw up a report of drunkenness?

If there are all or several signs of alcohol intoxication (for the act, attention is most often focused on the presence of “fumes” when breathing and speaking of the drunk), the employee is sent for a medical examination of the fact of intoxication. In addition, for the preparation of the protocol, it is equally important:

• indication of the exact name of the document and organization;
• clarification of the time and place of the incident;
• violator data
• information about witnesses, at least two;
• explanations of the offender or recording the fact of refusal to provide explanations.

Consequences in the workplace

The signs of alcohol intoxication for the act should be described in detail, with all possible details. This is especially important if a drunk employee refuses to undergo a medical examination procedure. In this case, the testimony of witnesses and the description of signs of alcohol intoxication for the act will play a decisive role.

To begin the dismissal procedure, an order is issued, the basis for which must be a medical report. In this case, signs of alcohol intoxication for the act (the sample document has standard form) and consideration of the case by a special commission do not play a decisive role.
The medical report indicates the employee's blood alcohol level. If, according to the results of the inspection, it significantly exceeds the norm, the outcome of the case is clear - dismissal with the corresponding entry being made in the work book.

How are drivers punished for drunk driving?

If the person guilty of drunkenness at work faces dismissal, then the law provides for more severe punishment for violating road users. Code of administrative offenses states that if you drive a car while intoxicated, traffic police officers will be forced to fine the driver 30,000 rubles and deprive him of his driver’s license for up to 2 years. If a repeated offense is committed, the amount of the monetary penalty increases to 50,000, and the period of deprivation of the right to drive increases to 3 years.

In addition, it is worth paying attention to the procedure for measuring blood alcohol levels. In our country, up to 0.3 ppm is considered the norm. External signs of alcohol intoxication for an act drawn up by traffic police officers are the same manifestations described above. In their absence, employees law enforcement do not have the right to force people to undergo an examination procedure.

Blood alcohol content and signs of intoxication: what's the difference?

By the way, if the driver is confident of his innocence, but the inspector still continues to insist on his accusations, the most the right decision will be consent to conduct an on-site examination.
The fact is that the only evidence that a person is clearly drunk can only be excess normal level ethyl alcohol content in the blood. You need to pay attention to the following points:

• The smell of alcohol, or what is popularly called “fumes,” can remain for 24 hours after drinking strong drinks. However, this does not always mean that a person is drunk.
• Upon admission medicines containing alcohol, the driver may also smell like alcohol. If their use is not prohibited for persons driving a car, there is nothing to worry about.

Alcohol testing: examination for drivers

A traffic police officer has the right to draw up a report on the driver’s state of intoxication only after receiving the results of an on-site examination. The procedure is carried out in the following order:

• In the presence of witnesses, the person accused of driving while intoxicated is removed from the car.
• To record the results and record the research, a special technical device is used, the type and number of which is included in the federal register of approved types of measuring instruments. Before conducting an examination, the driver has every right to demand that the inspector provide permitting documentation to the device.
• Afterwards, the traffic police officer demonstrates to the person being examined and the witnesses the integrity of the meter’s mark and the readiness of the device for the procedure, and introduces the procedure for conducting the examination, regulated by the relevant regulatory legal act of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
• The presence or absence of a critical blood alcohol content is determined based on the readings of the device that examined the exhaled air. The use of modern breathalyzers allows an error of around 0.1 ppm.

Features of bringing the offender to justice

Upon confirmation drunken state The inspector draws up an inspection report for the driver, which is signed by all participants in the process. If the guilty person disagrees with the results of the inspection, a corresponding entry is made in the document, and the offender himself is sent to undergo a mandatory medical examination. The conclusion of the examination, which took place within the walls of a specialized institution, is the main documentary evidence of signs of alcohol intoxication of the driver and the basis for bringing him to legal responsibility.

Without waiting for the results of the relevant checks, a traffic police inspector who suspects a driver of intoxication has the right to order the evacuation of his car to an impound lot. It is not uncommon for law enforcement officers to charge a driver who drinks alcohol in a parked car. By the way, a driver can be called a person who controls a vehicle, and not just who is inside it.

A citizen fired from a job or deprived of a driver's license due to drunkenness has the right to appeal the relevant decision in court. Case law knows many examples where those accused of drunkenness managed to prove their innocence, after which they were resumed in their previous position at the same workplace. In some cases, employees sought compensation for moral damages.

The result of drinking alcoholic beverages is alcohol intoxication. It consists of a disorder of autonomic functions, disturbances in behavioral reactions and the mental state of the drinker. The ability to recognize signs of alcohol intoxication makes it possible to timely detect a state of intoxication and prevent or remove an employee from work. Such signs are required for documentation in the act of intoxication at work.

Signs of intoxication from alcohol by degree

As alcohol enters, internal changes occur in the body. They are reflected in external manifestations: speech, coordination, appearance of the drinker, gait, mood. The stronger the drink and the greater the quantity, the more pronounced the signs of intoxication.

Mild degree

Light intoxication is achieved after a couple of glasses of alcohol. Changes due to alcohol consumption are due to psychotropic effects.

After drinking alcohol, the drinker becomes excited, active, and sociable. There is a noticeable shine in the eyes, visible changes in the pupils are observed (they dilate inadequately to light conditions). Movements are sharp and unclear. There is a characteristic smell of alcohol coming from the mouth. Attention is scattered, concentration deteriorates, therefore, even with internal self-confidence, driving a vehicle is strictly prohibited. In addition, clinical signs of alcohol intoxication are facial flushing and increased heart rate. After a couple of hours, the drinker becomes drowsy and falls asleep easily.

Average degree

More pronounced neurological disorders are observed. Coordination deteriorates, which outwardly manifests itself in sloppy movements and an unsteady gait. The drunk cannot clearly formulate thoughts, speech is confused, and the sequence of presentation is disrupted. When you try to bring your finger to your nose with eyes closed the hit is unclear. Strong odor of alcohol from the mouth.

Attacks of nausea and vomiting are possible. There may be a rapid change in mood, from a good-natured and sociable drinker instantly becoming aggressive and hostile, and vice versa. The behavior is impulsive, the drunk has poor orientation.

Severe degree

Characterized by a predominance of toxic effects, the activity of the nervous system is suppressed. With such intoxication, coordination disorder is expressed in the fact that the drunk cannot stand on his feet. Speech consists of indistinct muttering and emotional cries. Pulse is rare, possible disturbances from respiratory system. Severe frequent vomiting, urinary and fecal incontinence may occur. The temperature of the extremities is lower than body temperature.

A person who has consumed alcohol ceases to orient himself in time and space. The ability of the pupils to focus is noticeably weakened. There is depression of consciousness, the abuser is delirious, and hallucinations are possible. Facial expressions of emotions are difficult. Blood pressure drops and heavy sweating occurs. There may be swelling on the face.

Methods for diagnosing intoxication

In order to identify and record intoxication, the employee’s condition is analyzed on site, as well as in a medical clinic. First of all, it is assessed appearance drunk. The presence of visual signs of intoxication is established. These data are subject to mandatory recording in the act of being intoxicated at the workplace.

If it is necessary to verify and document intoxication, the concentration of ethanol vapors during exhalation is measured. This is possible without visiting medical institution with a special breathalyzer device. The employee’s refusal to take a breathalyzer test is reflected in the document. If the norm of 0.16 mg/l in the exhaled air is exceeded, the person is recognized as being intoxicated, which must be noted in the report. The results of the study of air vapors are also documented, indicating the full names of those present and verifying them with signatures.

If the worker agrees, he will be examined in a medical facility, where a second check will be performed with a certified device. After which the narcologist determines the type of additional research for intoxication and conducts urine and/or blood tests. The employee’s refusal to be referred for a medical examination is reflected in the report.

A blood test for alcohol is highly accurate. For the most accurate result, the material must be collected no later than 5–6 hours after drinking alcohol. Otherwise, over time, the alcohol concentration decreases and the result will be less informative.

Testing urine for alcohol intoxication gives more accurate results. To determine intoxication by urine analysis, a much longer time interval has been established. The stronger the drink and the less weight drinker, so longer time presence of alcohol in urine.

How to draw up an act of intoxication

If there is at least one external sign of alcohol intoxication, a report is drawn up. These symptoms include:

• smell of alcohol on breath;
• confused and slurred speech;
• unsteady gait.

The document is drawn up in any form if its form is not approved by the enterprise. It is acceptable to use computer technology or fill out by hand. It is recommended to draw up the act in two copies, one of which remains with the organization, the other is handed to the violator.

The act is drawn up in the presence of at least 2 witnesses who affix their signatures to the document. It is especially important to draw up a report if the employee refuses to undergo further examination. In such a situation, the act will become the only evidence of drunkenness while at work. It will also be a formal basis for preventing or removing an employee from work.

For an act in the workplace, it is important to observe certain key points. The location and date of preparation of the document, positions and names of persons present during registration must be indicated. It is necessary to document the conditions under which the employee was found drunk. It is important to describe the symptoms of intoxication observed in the employee:

• movement coordination disorder;
• characteristic odor of alcohol on breath;
• dilated pupils;
• facial redness;
• instability of posture;
• incoherent speech;
• trembling in hands;
• obscene language towards others, etc.

The conduct of a breathalyzer test at the enterprise is reflected in the act; if it is refused or a medical examination is refused, a note is made about this. The drunk employee is asked to explain his condition, and his explanations are recorded verbatim. In case of refusal to explain the situation, a note about this is also made. The worker is invited to familiarize himself with the document and put his signature; if he disagrees, a note is made that the worker refused to familiarize himself with and/or sign the document.

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Alcohol intoxication is a transient state that develops against the background of drinking alcohol-containing drinks. It is usually provoked by the psychoactive influence of ethanol and is a combination of several symptoms containing changes in physiological, mental and neurological reactions.

Ethyl alcohol is the most common reason intoxication. It is important to know that alcohol intoxication can be life-threatening, because the lethal amount of alcohol for an average-sized adult is from 750 ml to 1 liter of vodka.

For this condition characterized by acute intoxication of the body, caused by the action of ethanol, which manifests itself only after drinking alcohol-containing drinks and occurs in an extensive or acute form.

Toxic substances that are breakdown products of alcohol, negatively affect the entire human body. In a state of intoxication, a person cannot control himself, even if there are no external factors and impacts that have Negative influence on a drunk. For everyone who drinks alcoholic beverages, the state of intoxication is individual and depends on the quantity and frequency of consumption.

1. Lung is defined when the concentration of ethanol in the blood is up to 1.5%. Characteristics of this stage are a surge of strength, a rise in mood and the onset of mild euphoria. The person becomes very sociable and emotionally excited. But at small doses there is a violation of concentration, which leads to serious Negative consequences when performing precision work, when driving vehicles or precision machinery.
2. Moderate intoxication is diagnosed when the concentration of ethanol in the blood is up to 2.5%. At this stage, some irritability, anger and aggressive reactions appear. This effect is called dysphoric inebriation. A person's coordination of movements changes greatly, and mental arousal gives way to lethargy and drowsiness.
3. The serious condition causes ethanol concentration from 2.5% and above. At this stage, a neurological disorder is observed, characterized by disturbances in orientation in space and time. The functioning of the vestibular apparatus malfunctions, depression of consciousness is observed, the pulse slows down and respiratory disorders occur, which often leads to complete unconsciousness.

Diagnostics

Severe intoxication is considered to be the degree when the amount of alcohol in the blood exceeds 2.5%. External signs of alcohol intoxication:

Severe intoxication is extremely dangerous for the drunk, although sometimes it can be extremely scary for others. IN this state any situation is perceived fragmentarily, speech becomes incoherent, stupor can quickly turn into deep sleep and coma.

Signs of a coma in a patient:

• decrease in body temperature;
• clammy and cold skin;
• increased muscle tone is replaced by hypotension;
• facial redness;
• conjunctival hyperemia;
• cyanosis;
• constriction of the pupils, which is replaced by their dilation and loss of the light reflex;
• slow breathing;
• rapid pulse;
• increased blood pressure, which most often gives way to collapse;
• decreased pain threshold.

Main reasons fatal outcome in patients with acute alcohol poisoning are:

• hypothermia followed by freezing of the limbs;
• mechanical asphyxia;
• acute heart failure;
• collapse.

When examining a drunk, the doctor must correctly identify and describe the symptoms of the phenomenon in medical reports, which has legal significance subsequently. If there are doubts, it is advisable to carry out procedures to determine the Rappoport reaction or use a Mokhov-Shinkarenko indicator tube. It is customary to indicate the following types of conclusions in regulatory documents:

• sober, but there are functional impairments that require removal from work with a source of increased danger for health reasons;
• alcohol intoxication;
• alcoholic coma;
• a state of intoxication caused by narcotic or other substances.

As a rule, making a diagnosis does not cause difficulties, but incorrect assessment of the accompanying pathology occurs quite often. It is important to conduct a thorough medical examination of each patient in a state of alcohol intoxication to check for possible injuries associated with poisoning. Particular attention is paid to the presence of bruises, nosebleeds, abrasions in the head area or uneven pupil size.

In practice, there are often cases where the cause of coma in mildly intoxicated individuals is severe traumatic brain injury. A prolonged coma and a small amount of alcohol in the blood should cause particular caution.

In addition, in a state of intoxication, apoplectic coma often develops due to hemorrhage in the brain. It can be diagnosed based on the presence of sticky skin, facial flushing, intermittent breathing, the presence of a thready pulse and a decrease in blood pressure. With apoplectic coma, the face becomes purple, breathing is hoarse, one cheek begins to “sail”, the nasolabial fold is smoothed out and other symptoms of organic damage to the central nervous system are revealed.

Ambulance health care necessary for patients who are in moderate to severe degrees of intoxication. In the first case, the stomach is washed out, vomiting is artificially induced, water with ammonia is given to drink, and then caffeine - sodium benzoate - is injected intravenously.

When diagnosing a severe degree, it is necessary to exclude somatic complications, and then begin the sobering procedure. To bring a person out of intoxication, his stomach is washed using a thick probe with small portions of heated water with the addition of sodium bicarbonate.

In a state of alcoholic coma, the root of the tongue may sink, which closes the entrance to the larynx. Then an air duct is inserted into the patient’s mouth, and mucus from the pharyngeal cavity is sucked out with a special device to ensure free flow of air into the body.

When vascular tone and blood pressure decrease, it is necessary to inject Polyglucin and isotonic sodium chloride solution through a vein. An excellent detoxification effect can also be obtained from intravenous drip administration of a heated mixture of Hemodez, isotonic sodium chloride solution, vitamins B1, B12 and ascorbic acid.

In extreme cases, when diagnosing alcohol intoxication, you can rub both of the patient's ears quickly and forcefully. This ensures a rush of blood to the patient's head, which brings him to consciousness and he gains the ability to speak. Then you can move on to complex medicinal procedures.

If coma develops, they immediately give thiamine chloride, glucose solution and begin. Such a patient requires urgent hospitalization in intensive care.

Actions at home

Almost everyone has experienced the consequences of a luxurious feast and wondered about providing help for intoxication.

The most accessible means for removing alcohol from the blood are always at hand:

• Activated carbon. It is enough to take 5-6 tablets of the drug with a large amount of heated water so that the main amount of alcohol in the blood is neutralized.
• Drink plenty of fluids is an excellent tool emergency care with alcohol poisoning.

It is important that it is not coffee, but if possible green tea, which perfectly cleanses the blood and gives strength.

• Milk is an excellent cleanser of alcohol breakdown products, removes toxins well naturally and is suitable for giving strength to the body in the fight against ethanol poisoning.
• Honey has a diuretic effect, effectively neutralizes toxins and removes poisons from the body. The solution is prepared at the rate of one tablespoon per glass of water and taken every half hour.
• Any kind of brine, especially cabbage helps to quickly remove alcohol from the blood. This drink is able to quickly neutralize the poisons of alcohol and remove its breakdown products from the blood.
• Chicken bouillon works well to relieve symptoms of alcohol intoxication, you need to drink it at large quantities and with the addition of cumin.

The most effective and simplest way to help with alcohol intoxication occurs on an instinctive level. If a person drinks a lot of alcohol, but he is not an experienced alcoholic, then when intoxicated, symptoms of alcohol intoxication such as nausea and vomiting occur, which help the natural removal of excess poison from the body. If the natural mechanism does not work, then you need to artificially induce vomiting by drinking a large volume of water and pressing on the root of the tongue.

Especially effective way sobering up appears influx fresh air, so it’s good to be outside more and breathe deeply.

Attention, TODAY only!

If your worker appears in the office or at his official place in drunk You should immediately draw up a report (using a sample) about the employee being intoxicated.

Based on this document, you need to send a colleague for a medical examination, after which, having all the grounds, the employer, if he decides, will fire the person who showed up to work in a drunken state.

How to spot a drunk at work

Signs that a colleague is intoxicated are as follows:

• incoherent speech;
• facial redness;
• the smell of alcohol;
• not an even gait.

In this case, the employer needs to draw up an examination form, according to which the employee’s violation of the company’s charter and labor legislation. And it will serve as a reason for removal from work.

Punishment for going to work while drunk

According to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, an entrepreneur can impose a fine on the offender, and has every reason to dismiss an employee.

A drunkard can be fired if:

• if a person came to work drunk and the manager drew up an act to remove the employee from work while intoxicated;
• sufficiently compelling reason for exclusion from labor activity the appearance of an employee drunk on the company’s premises will serve as a consequence;
• an act was drawn up indicating that the employee was in poor condition at the site where the employee was sent on instructions from the company;
• if a person, while intoxicated, is absent from work for more than 4 hours.

A drunk employee can harm himself and others, as well as cause material damage to the company and a blow to its image. There have been numerous examples of drunken people not performing their duties and jeopardizing the entire production process.

The procedure for drawing up a document for a drunk

A sample act should be kept in the company's HR department. It is necessary to draw up a protocol after the fact, if available at the workplace.

First of all, the violator’s colleague or his immediate superior should report the violation official company that manages such processes. Next, the authorized employee issues a decree, in the form established by the company, to convene an internal investigation commission against the violator.

The commission is obliged to identify signs of an inappropriate state in a drunk person and draw up a report of being drunk at the workplace. The protocol requires confirmation of the violation by witnesses and, according to the document, the violator must give an explanation of his misconduct in writing.

A person accused of drunkenness may refuse to give an explanation; then it should be indicated in the form that the offender did not write an explanatory note. The drinker will be asked to undergo a medical examination to identify signs of TC violation.

If a medical report shows that the employee’s blood contains alcohol, then the employer can fire him and even if the latter goes to court, the law will be on the side of the company. The opposite is also true; the employee may refuse to undergo the examination.

Test result

A medical examination records several results:

1. the employee had been drinking, but no signs of intoxication were found;
2. the employee is intoxicated;
3. observed;
4. the type is not related to alcohol (for example: drugs);
5. the person is sober;
6. the person is sober, but his health is at a critical level.

There have been many recorded cases where, due to the lack of hard evidence, employers lost lawsuits to dismissed employees. Therefore, it is important to persuade a person to undergo tests and correctly draw up a report on the employee being drunk at the workplace with all the necessary testimony of witnesses.