Helping young sports talents. Identification and support of young talents in the field of culture and art "We need to fundamentally change the education system"

GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

RESOLUTION

About the National Coordinating Council for the Support of Young Talents of Russia

Repealed from November 21, 2018 on the basis of
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 10, 2018 N 1341
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Document as amended by:
(Official Internet portal of legal information www.pravo.gov.ru, 07/03/2017, N 0001201707030011).
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Government of the Russian Federation

decides:

1. Establish a National Coordinating Council to support young talents in Russia.

2. Approve the attached Regulations on the National Coordinating Council for the Support of Young Talents in Russia.

Prime Minister
Russian Federation
D.Medvedev

APPROVED
Government Decree
Russian Federation
dated September 10, 2012 N 897

1. The National Coordinating Council for the Support of Young Talents of Russia (hereinafter referred to as the Council) was formed to ensure coordinated actions federal bodies executive power and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation aimed at implementing a nationwide system for identifying and developing young talents.

2. The Council in its activities is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws, decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation, resolutions and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as these Regulations.

3. The main tasks of the Council are:

a) coordination of the implementation of the Concept of a nationwide system for identifying and developing young talents, approved by the President of the Russian Federation on April 3, 2012 No. Pr-827;

b) development of proposals for integrating the mechanisms for searching for and supporting gifted children and youth into a national system for identifying and developing young talents;

c) identification, support and dissemination of the best practices of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of the implementation of regional and municipal programs for working with gifted children and youth;

d) preparation of expert opinions, proposals and recommendations on creating conditions that ensure the development and realization of the abilities of children and youth in order to achieve outstanding results in their chosen field of professional activity.
(Subparagraph as amended, put into effect on July 11, 2017 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 24, 2017 N 741.

4. The Council, in carrying out its activities, has the right to:

a) invite representatives of federal bodies to their meetings state power, public authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments, representatives of scientific, educational and public organizations, the media;

b) create, on issues within its competence, working and expert groups from among representatives of federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, representatives of scientific, educational and public organizations, scientists and specialists, and also approve their composition;

c) request, in accordance with the established procedure, from federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation and local governments information materials on issues within the competence of the Council;

d) consider the initiatives of citizens of the Russian Federation and public organizations aimed at the effective implementation of the Concept specified in subparagraph "a" of paragraph 3 of these Regulations.

5. The Council consists of representatives of federal government bodies, honored figures of education, science, art, culture and sports.

The Chairman of the Council is the Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. The Chairman of the Council has 2 deputies.

Deputy Chairmen of the Council shall perform (on behalf of the Chairman of the Council) the functions of the Chairman of the Council in his absence.

6. The composition of the Council is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

7. The Council carries out its activities in accordance with the work plan, which is adopted at a meeting of the Council and approved by its chairman. The procedure for the work of the Council is determined by its chairman or, on his behalf, by the deputy chairman of the Council.

The action plans of the working groups are approved by their leaders in accordance with the work plans of the Council.

8. The main form of activity of the Council is a meeting.

Meetings of the Council are held under the leadership of the Chairman of the Council or (on his instructions) the Deputy Chairman of the Council at least 2 times a year in accordance with the plan of his work, as well as by decision of the Chairman of the Council.

The meeting of the Council is considered competent if at least half of its members are present.

9. Members of the Council participate in its work personally. Delegation of authority is not allowed.

Members of the Council carry out their activities on a gratuitous basis.

10. The executive secretary of the Council informs the members of the Council about the place and time of the meeting of the Council and its agenda.

Members of the Council who have proposals on the agenda of the meeting of the Council, send them to the executive secretary no later than 5 days before the day of the meeting.

11. Decisions of the Council are taken by open vote. The decision is considered adopted if the majority of the members of the Council present at the meeting of the Council voted for it. In case of equality of votes, the decision for which the chairperson of the meeting of the Council voted is considered adopted.

12. Decisions taken at a meeting of the Council are documented in a protocol signed by the chairperson of the meeting. Minutes at the meeting of the Council are kept by the executive secretary.

A copy of the minutes of the meeting of the Council shall be sent to the members of the Council and other interested persons no later than one month from the date of the meeting.

13. Organizational, technical and information support of the activities of the Council is carried out by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.

Revision of the document, taking into account
changes and additions prepared
JSC "Kodeks"

SUPPORT OF TALENTED YOUTH IN THE SPHERE OF CULTURE, CREATION OF CONDITIONS FOR INVOLVING A WIDE RANGE OF YOUTH TO ART.

T.V. Podlipaeva

Bogucharsky branch of GBPOU VO "VGPK", [email protected]

The most important task modern society- providing children with decent upbringing and education, which includes access not only to new knowledge and technologies, but also to rich cultural values ​​accumulated by human civilization.

Consequently, education is one of the categories of pedagogy, without which there would be no society. The role of upbringing is very great in a person's life, because it forms a personality. The goal of education is the all-round development of the individual. And education is seen as a process of acquiring knowledge, skills and abilities. Education depends on economic, cultural and national traditions.

An integral part of the modern state youth policy is the development of artistic creativity and the support of talented youth, which are also identified as part of the priority national project"Education".

Talents create a special creative tension in the youth environment and in society as a whole, stimulating the creative activity of their immediate environment. The search for talents, the creation of conditions for their development and subsequent application, as well as the readiness of society to accept talents and recognize innovative leaders, is not just a matter of the prestige of the country, but an integral part of the cultural and educational policy, without the systematic implementation of which it is impossible to solve the problem of creating an innovative economy.
Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev in the article "Russia, forward!" (published on September 10, 2009) states: “The innovative economy will, of course, not appear immediately. It is part of a culture based on humanistic values. On the quest to transform the world for the sake of best quality life, for the sake of liberating a person from poverty, disease, fear, injustice. Talented people striving for renewal, capable of creating something new and better, will not come to us from another planet. They are already here among us. And this is clearly evidenced by the results of international intellectual competitions, the patenting of inventions made in Russia abroad, and the real hunt, conducted by the largest companies and universities of the world, for our best specialists. We – the state, society and family – must learn to find, raise, educate and protect such people.”
Professional Development talented, gifted children requires special approaches.

A certain system of support and development of talented children and youth has been formed and operates in the country.
At the federal level, preferences for gifted children - winners of Olympiads are legislatively fixed: the Law "On Education" provides benefits for admission to educational institutions of higher and secondary vocational education winners and prize-winners of the final stage of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren, members of the national teams of the Russian Federation who participated in international Olympiads in general subjects, winners and prize-winners of Olympiads for schoolchildren. The procedure for granting benefits to winners and prize-winners of Olympiads for schoolchildren upon admission to institutions of secondary and higher professional education is based on a direct correlation of the level of the Olympiad with its quality indicators, that is, winners and prize-winners of higher-level Olympiads (Level I is considered the highest) have priority when receiving benefits.
Great importance has a subprogram "Gifted Children" of the Federal Target Program "Children of Russia". Within the framework of the subprogram, a system of all-Russian mass events (from the level of an educational institution to the federal level) has been created and is successfully functioning, aimed at identifying, developing and supporting gifted children. One of the most effective forms of work to identify, develop and support gifted children is the development of the Olympiad movement and the system creative competitions. In order to create a favorable environment for the manifestation and development of the abilities of each child, changes have been made to the regulatory documents governing the holding of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren, providing for the maximum coverage of students through effective organization school stage Olympiad on the basis of unified approaches to its implementation, preparation of tasks and verification of works.
It should be noted that artistic culture occupies an important place in the life of society, the decline in its level creates a spiritual vacuum, violates the principles of the normal development of society. Art is the content core of artistic culture, one of the main mechanisms for cognition of a person and the reality surrounding him, the formation of a system of his value orientations. For children, the perception of art is one of the ways of mastering the world, significantly influencing the formation of his personality.
The current direction of modern pedagogy is the pedagogy of art, introducing children to the best examples art of various kinds and genres. This type of pedagogy contributes to the development of the child as a person, and also helps to learn the material of some disciplines (for example, literature, the Moscow Art Theater, etc.).
The problem of familiarizing students with art can be solved by using high-quality programs and technologies, with a high level of professional training of teachers, leading artistic pursuits, teachers additional education and their interaction with the entire teaching staff.

The effectiveness of introducing children to art increases significantly if the actions of all participants in the pedagogical process are coordinated. No less important is the participation of parents in this interesting work, involving them together with their children in richest world art. Teachers ensure the expansion of the cultural space of the child - the organization of joint visits with parents to musical theaters, art museums. Visiting theaters, historical and architectural ensembles is also associated with the impact on the child of various types of art: architecture, painting, sculpture, music, artistic word. Children absorb a variety of artistic experiences, this contributes to the amplification, enrichment of their artistic and general cultural development.
The city of Boguchar of the Voronezh region in the cultural development of youth is not inferior to the regional center. So, in 2015, quite a lot of cultural and mass events took place, both at the level of the Bogucharsky branch of the AGPGK, and at the district level.

For example, on May 16, 2015, the Bogucharsky Regional Museum of Local History joined the International Action "Night of Museums". The main theme of the evening was the Great Victory of the Soviet people over the Nazi invaders.The "night" at the Bogucharsky Museum began with a costumed sightseeing tour of its three halls. The guests of the museum learned the main milestones in the history of the Bogucharsky region, got the opportunity not only to carefully examine the exhibits, but literally “touch the history”. As a memento, visitors took original photographs against the backdrop of expositions, reincarnating either as peasants in embroidered shirts or as Red Army soldiers. In the first hall of the museum, a master class "Dolls - Angels" was conducted by a craftswoman from the House of Folk Art and Crafts. In the second hall, the guests unanimously sang songs of the war years to the soloists of the RDK Yubileiny, and in the third hall there was a “cinema” - recordings of regional events “Victory Salute”, “Victory Parade - 2015”, auto-motor run “Russia. Glory. Memory ”, as well as a film about our fellow countryman N. L. Novikov and his search team“ Memory ”-“ The moon is bright over the Oakwood ”.

On May 27, the central regional library opened its doors for "BiblioNoch -2015". The main topics were: “Year of Literature-2015” and “70th Anniversary of Great Victory". The program includes tours of the library: theatrical performances, a literary cafe with tasting, a poetic flash mob, literary characters, magic tricks, master classes, exhibitions, handicrafts of librarians and their culinary talents, songs, dances, round dances, a children's playground worked.

Also in the spring of this year in Boguchar, in a solemn atmosphere, the presentation of the film “Slavyanka does not say goodbye. March for All Seasons, Reka Lena Studios. The program included not only watching the film, but also the performance of People's Artist Y. Nazarov and Honored Artist of Russia L. Maltseva. Pupils of schools and the Bogucharsky branch of the All-Union State State Conservatory were able to personally get acquainted with the artists.

On August 25, on the banks of the Bogucharka River, the opening of the first open poetry festival "Peter's Quay" took place. The opening was attended by poets and bards from Bogucharsky, Kantemirovsky, Petropavlovsky, Verkhnemamonsky, Kalacheevsky and Rossoshansky districts. Bogucharsky poets of the club "Blue Bird" took part in the opening.

In autumn, in the church of the village of Sukhoi Donets, Bogucharsky district, the Festival of Orthodox Culture "Blagovest" was held. A divine service, a concert of spiritual chants and a demonstration of bell chimes were held here.

And quite recently, on December 4, 2015, in the exhibition hall of the museum, a local history conference was held for schoolchildren of the district “The History of Boguchar in Faces”. The purpose of the conference is to attract the attention of the younger generation to the study of history native land and the role of individuals in it. Of course, there are many famous names that glorified Boguchar: Afanasiev, Sholokhov, Platonov, Kishchenko and many others. But everything has been studied and described about them for a long time. The task of the conference participants is to find those who have made a significant contribution to the development of our region, but few people know about them. The local history conference will be held annually, which will provide an opportunity for other children interested in the history of the development of their native land to take part in the conference and show their knowledge and skills.

And as practice has shown, art has become a powerful tool for the socialization of the individual, the holistic social education of a person, his emotional and intellectual development, familiarization with the ethical emotional experience accumulated by mankind, with age-old wisdom, concrete public interest, ideals.

Folk artistic creativity acts as one of the important forms of preservation and transfer of the accumulated socio-historical and pedagogical experience, spiritual and moral culture from one generation to another.

The process of introducing children and adolescents to folk art, to the traditions of folk art culture as a whole takes place at school, preschool, and out-of-school institutions. The system of mastering artistic traditions is carried out at three levels: perception, reproduction and creativity. There are three groups of forms of introducing the individual to folk art: mass forms of work, collective and individual.

Supplementary education is one of the means of familiarizing teenage children with folk art. The content of additional education of children reflects: recreational and health development of the child; organization and formation of new social experience; psychological and pedagogical assistance and support for children in their individual development. The specificity of additional education provides wide range humane interpersonal interaction in socially demanded commonwealths and communities, develops adolescents' attitudes towards positive communication as a means of successfully developing one's self and improving moral and business relations in modern society.

Literature

1. Golovanov V.P. Methods and technology of work of a teacher of additional education: textbook. A manual for students of institutions of secondary vocational education / V.P. Golovanov. M.: Humanitarian publishing center VLADOS, 2004. 239p.
2. Model regulation on an educational institution of additional education for children (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 7, 1995 N 233) (as amended on February 22, 1997, August 8, 2003, February 1, 2005, December 7, 2006).
3. Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" dated July 10, 1992 N 3266-1 (as amended on November 10, 2009).
4. mboguchar.ru>Articles>Creativity and culture.

The President of Russia spent the whole day at the theater today. An international cultural forum is being held in the building of the Mariinsky Theater in St. Petersburg, and the head of state discussed the most pressing problems with representatives of this sphere. Holding a theater competition, financing culture, helping young talents, and the president promised to allocate an additional one billion rubles annually for this support.

Matilda Kshesinskaya herself once shone in the ballet "Fairy of Dolls". Today, a toy fairy tale, albeit not always confidently, is represented by future prima. After all, these are their very first steps on stage.

Support, help and teach, because the competitiveness in the field of culture will be as high as, for example, in exact sciences, the president stressed, opening meetings on the identification and training of talented youth.

“Now we are forming a whole system aimed at finding and revealing young talents. We must focus our attention on their support at the first, sometimes the most difficult stages of a career. It is obvious that working with gifted creative youth, especially in such a sphere as culture, requires special flexibility and non-standard solutions, the rejection of mechanistic unification patterns, and so on,” Vladimir Putin said.

But the question is - how can a child find himself, if today even music is a compulsory subject only in elementary school?

“I love physical education very much, I am a terrible athlete and a football player too. But, in my opinion, a child, along with a letter and a number, must learn the note, ”says pianist, People's Artist of the Russian Federation Denis Matsuev.

He remembers how not without help charitable foundation once he himself moved from Irkutsk to Moscow. Patrons help children today. That's just the system of training such talents in specialized schools and universities in 2012 has changed. Now they are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education, and not the Ministry of Culture, which means that they must work according to general educational standards. But creativity cannot be framed.

“When we were accredited a few years ago, the Academy of Russian Ballet, and this is the oldest educational institution in our country, we are the oldest, I joked, of course, saying to Rosobrnadzor: “You know, they first invented us, then all education in the country, and then you." I want to be accredited honestly, I want all our points to meet your requirements, but this is impossible - then we must destroy the ballet, ”said the rector of the Academy of Russian Ballet. AND I. Vaganova, People's Artist of the Russian Federation Nikolai Tsiskaridze.

“Perhaps it is worth considering the issue of returning education in the field of art to the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Culture of Russia? In the end, they ask the Ministry of Culture for the theater, and for ballet, and for naked people on stage, too, ”the rector suggested Russian Institute theatrical art - GITIS Grigory Zaslavsky.

“Everyone is offering to return to what it was. You know, I remembered the phrase of Alexander the First, who ascended the throne and said: "Everything will be like under my grandmother." As for the belonging of the education system in the field of art and culture to some department, I think that you are largely right "I just don't want to solve such issues right now, right off the bat. But we will move in this direction," Vladimir Putin said.

Sergei Bezrukov drew the attention of the head of state to the support of children's theaters. The Ministry of Culture allocates 220 million rubles for four dozen youth theaters and educational stages in the country. But young directors also need grants for new, Russian cinema. Moreover, obtaining a creative profession should be as accessible as possible.

“I propose to supplement the system of presidential grants with a new direction - support for young talented people so that they could take the first steps, not think about where they can get money. This is the first part. And the second part of this grant should be aimed at finding young talented people. We will make this addition to the presidential grants annual in the amount of one billion rubles,” the president promised.

They also talked about the lack of funding in the field of culture. In most music schools, the instruments are still Soviet-made. The salaries of teachers may not be too high, but young specialists enter the industry, and the problem of aging personnel is no longer there.

The President held this meeting in the building of the second stage of the Mariinsky Theatre, which annually receives hundreds of thousands of spectators, dozens of premieres and is always sold out. Today, with the participation of Vladimir Putin, the Board of Trustees sits here, which includes not only officials and cultural and art figures, but also big businessmen, philanthropists and sponsors.

They discussed the development of the theater as one of the main pillars of Russian culture. The theater already has branches in Vladivostok and Vladikavkaz. But even this is not enough for the viewer. The President said: another stage of the famous Mariinsky Theater and an educational center will definitely appear in Primorye.

“I do not yet know about the sources of funding and do not yet know the final amount, but I want to assure you: we will definitely do it. The only request to you, to the representatives of your shop, about the teaching staff, about the level of training. This level should be high, it should not be inferior to the capital cities of Russia,” Vladimir Putin stressed.

“I hope that what we have just heard will help us turn Vladivostok into one of the support centers somewhere beyond Novosibirsk, maybe it will most likely be a leading cultural complex that can be a very strong support center for both Russian young resources and and for our colleagues in Japan, and in China, and in South Korea”, - said the artistic director, director of the Mariinsky Theater, People's Artist of Russia Valery Gergiev.

Immediately after the working meetings - a gala concert of the cultural forum. Masterpieces of world classics - recognized in the world. The congress itself broke all records this year - seven dozen delegations from all over the world. Exhibitions, performances, performances and discussions - culture knows no boundaries.

“Culture, art, enlightenment is a response to the challenges of barbarism, intolerance, aggressive radicalism that threaten our civilization. This is the way to overcome dividing lines and barriers, all sorts of prejudices that prevent us from moving forward,” Vladimir Putin said, speaking at the gala opening of the VI St. Petersburg International Cultural Forum.

A glass of champagne and gratitude to foreign guests from the USA, Great Britain, France, Japan and other countries. For sharp discussions, practical solutions and new projects.

“It is especially pleasing that you are not shutting yourself up in your national apartments, but are working like people of the world in the broadest sense of the word,” Vladimir Putin said.

In 2019, St. Petersburg is waiting for another large-scale cultural event - the Theater Olympics. The president supported the idea.

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Also among the priority tasks of the state youth policy at the present stage is the improvement of the system of encouragement and motivation of talented youth, which is a strategic resource for the development of the country.

The formation of this system was positively influenced by the measures implemented at the federal and regional levels. First of all - the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 06, 2006 No. No. 325 "On measures state support talented youth.

In accordance with the Decree, 5,350 young talents are annually identified in all regions of Russia. Of these, 1,250 people. (winners of All-Russian Olympiads, winners and prize-winners of international Olympiads and other events held on a competitive basis) receive bonuses in the amount of 60 thousand rubles. and 4,100 young people (winners of regional and interregional olympiads, prize-winners of all-Russian olympiads and other events held on a competitive basis) - in the amount of 30 thousand rubles.

In 2015, another form of support for talented youth will be developed: from September 1, for 5 thousand school graduates who have demonstrated the highest level of training, a special academic scholarship is introduced for the entire period of study at universities in the amount of 20 thousand rubles.

Regional competitions aimed at identifying and supporting talented youth are held in 78 regions of Russia. Total competitions - 634.

The largest number of them is noted in the Tomsk region (44), Tambov region (43), Moscow region (40), Kaliningrad region (37), Chelyabinsk region(31). In total, more than 200 thousand young people participated in the regional stages. The number of winners in 2014 increased by 25% compared to 2012.

Among the interregional competitions to identify and support talented youth, the following can be noted: competitions of projects and programs to support talented youth, festivals of creativity, KVN games, photo competitions, contests and festivals of pop songs, festivals of contemporary art, exhibitions of creative works.

In accordance with the data of a monitoring study on young people participating in competitions, festivals, olympiads and other interregional, all-Russian and international events to identify and support talented youth, in 2014 compared to 2012 the number of participants increased by 10%.

Various competitions in the system of vocational education are also aimed at identifying and supporting talented youth.

Thus, more than 2 thousand students from 71 constituent entities of the Russian Federation of all federal districts took part in the All-Russian Olympiads of professional skills.

It should be noted that there is a steady trend in the formation of a support system for talented and enterprising youth at the regional level. Support measures have a positive resonance and contribute to increasing the interest of young people in scientific, research activities in the country.

In 2013/14 academic year Over 7.4 million students took part in all stages of the All-Russian Olympiad, including 1.77 million students in the municipal, regional and federal stages, which is 25% more than a year earlier.

In 8 international Olympiads in general education subjects, Russian schoolchildren won 19 gold, 16 silver and 3 bronze medals. For the first time in the history of international olympiads, Russia took the 1st team place in terms of the number of medals at the international chemistry olympiad. Also, for the first time in 2014, all members of the national geography team won international awards. In the team competitions in mathematics, computer science, physics, astronomy, the combined teams of schoolchildren of the Russian Federation entered the top five strongest teams in the world.

It should be emphasized that the stimulating factor for young people was the creation in most subjects of the Russian Federation, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated July 30, 2008 No. 1144 "On the Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of science and innovation for young scientists", councils of young scientists and specialists (hereinafter - SMUS).

CYSS is a permanent collegiate, advisory body under the head of the highest executive body of state power of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation and is a youth meeting of representatives of scientific and educational institutions located on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

The Council performs expert and advisory functions in matters of youth policy and the scientific and educational sphere, staffing, development of an innovative economy, and represents the interests of young scientists and specialists. Currently, within the framework of supporting innovations and scientific and technical creativity (according to monitoring data), about 2.0 thousand student scientific societies operate in the regions, which employ about 200.0 thousand people.

In Russia, a system of communication platforms has been created, the purpose of which is to summarize the experience and develop the skills and competencies of young people - the system of youth forums. In 2014, more than two thirds of the regions of the Russian Federation held their own youth forums in the main areas of state youth policy.

In pursuance of the order of the President of the Russian Federation dated August 20, 2012 No. Pr-2218, youth forums are held in all federal districts under the auspices of authorized representatives. Federal youth forums Seliger and Territory of Meanings hosted about 16,000 young activists in 2014. In total, about 50 thousand people took part in the forum campaign.

Youth employment.

The complication of the position of young people in the labor market is primarily due to the global financial crisis and recession, which in one way or another affected all countries in the world. According to the report of the International Labor Organization (hereinafter - ILO) "Global Employment Trends in 2014", in 2013 there were about 202 million unemployed people worldwide, of which about 74.5 million people were unemployed. were young people under the age of 25. The youth unemployment rate was twice the world unemployment rate at over 13%.

According to the ILO's Global Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2015 report, the number of unemployed is expected to increase by 3 million in 2015 and another 8 million in 2015. in the next four years. The global youth unemployment rate is expected to increase to 13.1% in 2015 and then remain unchanged until 2018. The largest increase in youth unemployment in 2015 will be observed in East Asia and in the Middle East with further growth expected over the coming years.

United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon calls youth unemployment an "epidemic" today and “one of the major problems of our time”: “In both poor and rich countries, the youth unemployment rate is much higher than that of the adult population. And of course, being unemployed is just the tip of the iceberg. Many receive meager salaries and thus cannot count on social protection in the informal economy. Others find that their education prevents them from finding work in today's job market."

In this situation, most of the activities within the framework of national youth policies in most countries of the world are related to youth employment.

And even more: the employment of young people in a number of countries has acquired the status of a national priority. This seems logical: the level of crime and migration among working youth is close to zero, working youth are ready to create a family and offspring, continue their education, and are loyal to the authorities.

There is no doubt that the main responsibility for expanding youth employment lies with the state. Financing of youth employment within the framework of youth policy is almost completely financed from state budgets, but there are also programs financed jointly by the state and private capital, international organizations ( by the World Bank, ILO, UN) and other donor organizations. The implementation of educational programs, programs for the development of entrepreneurship in developing countries significantly depend on the resources of international partners and non-governmental organizations.

For example, in 2011, the European Commission launched the Opportunities for Youth initiative, asking governments and social partners to make efforts in the fight against early dropouts from school and to help young people acquire the necessary professional qualifications, skills and experience. labor activity and looking for a first job.

Linked to this initiative is the EU Employment Package, adopted in April 2012, which complements the employment priorities. This includes a range of policy targets: a 75 percent employment rate for workers aged 20-64 by 2020; an early dropout rate below 10%; at least 40% of young people with higher education.

The aim of the project “Your First Job” is to support the labor mobility of young people within the framework of the common European labor market, namely, to promote the employment (work, internship or apprenticeship) of young people in the EU Member States. The project started in 2012. The result of the project should be the employment of 5 thousand citizens.

In 2012, the European Commission formed a proposal to expand the Youth Employment Package. It included, inter alia, an invitation to Member States to adopt the Youth Guarantee, which was done in 2013.

The essence of the initiative is for Member States to ensure that all young people under the age of 25 receive a quality job offer, education, apprenticeship or internship within four months of graduation or latest work. The International Labor Organization has estimated the cost of creating youth guarantees in Europe at 21 billion euros per year. At the same time, the economic damage from unemployment of 7.5 million young people was estimated at more than 150 billion euros, taking into account the payment of benefits to these young people and other long-term costs of unemployment.

The €6 billion Youth Employment Initiative was launched by the European Council in 2013. Its purpose is to help Member States improve national policy in the fight against youth unemployment in countries where it exceeds 25%. And pay special attention to young people who do not study and do not work. Funding for the initiative is planned from the EU budget in the amount of 3 billion euros under the heading of youth employment and another 3 billion euros from the European Social Fund. Additional funds may be contributed by countries. The initiative will support and accelerate the Youth Employment Package and the Youth Guarantee.

National plans for the implementation of the Youth Guarantee initiative were submitted by 18 EU Member States. The national plans define the role of state authorities and other responsible organizations, funding and monitoring mechanisms, and the timing of the implementation of activities. For example, in France, in 2006, the Law “On Equal Opportunities” was adopted, which obliged companies of all forms of ownership to annually hire in proportion to the number of employees under the age of 25, even if the latter did not have work experience in their specialty.

The Youth Guarantee Initiative is complemented by three other EU initiatives: the European Internship Alliance, the Quality Standards for Internships and the Public Employment Network.

The European Internship Alliance initiative aims to improve the quality of internships and introduce the apprenticeship system across Europe. In 2014, 19 European countries, about 30 organizations and 15 companies.

The Quality Standards for Internships initiative, adopted in 2014, aims to ensure high quality training during internships and fair working conditions for interns.

Thus, according to the European Confederation of Trade Unions, currently 59% of trainees are not paid wages, and 38% of trainees do not have an internship contract with an employer. Various youth organizations have also criticized the weakness and non-binding nature of the EU initiative.

The Public Employment Network initiative, one of the youngest, was launched in September 2014 by decision of the European Council and the European Parliament. One of its tasks is to share knowledge and successful experience in implementing the Youth Guarantee initiative. Participation in the Network is not mandatory for European countries.

The "European Erasmus Exchange Program for Young Entrepreneurs" gives aspiring entrepreneurs the opportunity to learn from established experienced entrepreneurs in different countries peace. On the program from 2009 to 2013. attended by 5 thousand entrepreneurs.

Of all start-ups in the EU, about 87% were founded by entrepreneurs who took part in the Erasmus program. Funding for the program will continue, and by 2020 it is planned to provide at least 10,000 exchanges for young entrepreneurs.

The analysis showed that the coordination of programs and plans for youth employment in countries can be carried out using various organizational models with the participation of the Ministry of Employment and/or Labour, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Youth Affairs.

Thus, the main principle of China's youth policy is a work ethic, which is based on the involvement of young people in economic and labor activities. A special role here is assigned to the participation of students in labor camps specially created for the period of summer holidays.

Among the measures taken by the PRC leadership to stimulate youth employment, the following should be noted: expanding employment channels, including encouraging and attracting university graduates to work in rural organizations; creation of their own business by university graduates (for the implementation of low-profit projects, it is possible to obtain a loan of up to 100,000 yuan); university graduates who have started small businesses are exempted from paying administrative fees for three years; establishing links between universities and enterprises (government order).

As a result of such a policy in the PRC, despite the consequences of the global financial crisis, general level employment of graduates six months after graduation from higher educational institutions in the country is about 90.2%,

In most countries, the most popular interventions in youth employability programs are: skills training (particularly vocational training and apprenticeship systems) and comprehensive programs (work-study reconciliation, work experience and other support activities), wage subsidies , community service, vocational guidance and employment, entrepreneurship training.

The main problem in the development and implementation of such measures is the assessment of their socio-economic effectiveness for the labor market, specific beneficiaries of programs (young people), and the state.

Most of the programs have been implemented in developed and middle-income countries, with only a small proportion in developing regions such as Africa.

Measures to support youth depend on the level of income of countries. OECD countries tend to have a diverse portfolio of programs, with complex programs popular among them. learning programs, while middle-income countries are mainly focused on building and improving education and training systems.

The goals of the programs depend significantly on the level of economic development of countries. In developing countries, there are more programs to help young people from low-income families, as they have relatively high unemployment rates and are often at risk. IN Latin America where youth are most economically disadvantaged, comprehensive programs have been supported and funded by the government, such as the Youth program and targeted educational programs funded by local governments, international organizations and the private sector.

Programs in countries with economies in transition target unemployed youth with low levels of education or out of school. About two-thirds of all programs in these countries focus on high school graduates and students who have completed their studies or will soon complete their studies.

Most of these programs focus on skills training and wage subsidies. Data on programs for young women, young people with disabilities, and youth from ethnic or minority groups are scarce.

In Russia, youth unemployment also exceeds the average unemployment rate of the population. According to the results of surveys of the population on employment issues "Employment and unemployment in the Russian Federation in February 2015" of Rosstat, the average unemployment rate among young people under the age of 24 in February 2015 was 15.8%, including among the urban population - 15 .0%, among the rural population - 18.0%.

The coefficient of exceeding the unemployment rate among young people on average in the age group of 15–24 years compared with the unemployment rate of the population aged 30–49 years is 3.3 times, including among the urban population - 3.8 times, the rural population - 2, 4 times.

In general, the number of economically active population aged 15–72 years (employed + unemployed) in February 2015 amounted to 75.8 million people, or 52% of the total population of the country. The number of economically active population is 71.4 million people. classified as employed in economic activities and 4.4 million people. – as unemployed using the ILO criteria (that is, they did not have a job or gainful occupation, they were looking for a job and were ready to start it in the surveyed week).

Comparative sociological studies conducted by the Department of Sociology of Youth of the Institute of Social and Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences show that, in general, work is still a significant factor in the personal self-determination of the majority of young people. A significant part of young people associate their current and later life. At the same time, every fourth person has a different, non-work related orientation. Among them, approximately one in seven young people would definitely not start working if they were financially secure. This group has been steadily reproducing over the past decade.

Data analysis also shows that, firstly, the opportunities for integrating young people into the world of work and the formation of the labor potential of different groups of young people often develop spontaneously and chaotically, under the influence of random factors; secondly, the factor of socio-professional advancement is involvement in informal and corporate relations. All this distorts the labor mobility of young people and introduces uncertainty into the conditions of their social and professional development. This is especially acute in the current conditions of the implementation of the import substitution program and further modernization of the economy. The solution of these problems requires not only the active involvement of young people in the labor process, but also new knowledge, qualifications, the ability to solve problems of growing complexity, and the formation of modern work ethics in young people.

hallmark motivation of youth work is its instrumentalization. In relation to work and profession, the majority of young people are dominated by pragmatic values. A strong connection between work and earnings has formed in the minds of the majority (three-quarters) Russian youth(59.6% of young people aged 18–24 and 65% aged 25–29).

The profession is also perceived instrumentally. The feeling of usefulness, that is, the social significance of work, is inherent in a little more than a quarter of young people. Even fewer (12.1%) see the meaning of work in the realization of the internal need to work, as well as in the realization of creative potential (9.2%). For everyone else, a profession is a tool for achieving material well-being.

At the age of 25-29, only a third of young people associate waiting with work interesting work, its usefulness and development professional qualities. And only 12.1% of young people see work as a way to realize their entrepreneurial potential.

The vast majority of young people declare their refusal to realize their interest in entrepreneurial activity through work. This indicates the imperfection of the existing market relations in Russia.

The labor potential of young people is determined by the coincidence of their expectations in the sphere of work with the possibilities of meeting them. The basic indicators of opportunities are the following: finding a job, improving skills, promotion, protection of labor rights. Comparative analysis over the past 12 years indicates in general a significant increase in these opportunities.

At the same time, nominally only half of the youth rate them above average. And the possibility of creating or expanding your own business is even less and amounts to 26.1%. This means that for half of the youth, opportunities have not become a reality. Existing more in a declarative form, they do not activate interest in work, undermining the labor potential of young people. As a result, the labor sphere is giving way to more efficient non-labor mechanisms.

One of the forms of temporary youth employment is work in student teams.

The Ministry of Education and Science of Russia interacts with the All-Russian Youth public organization"Russian Student Teams" (hereinafter - MOOO "RSO"), which unites more than 240 thousand participants from 72 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, working in 6 main areas of activity: construction, pedagogical, agricultural, service, specialized, as well as groups of conductors.

In the summer semester of 2014, representatives of student groups took part in the construction of the Plesetsk and Vostochny cosmodromes; residential microdistrict "Academic" (Yekaterinburg); facilities of the nuclear industry (Leningrad NPP, Rostov NPP, Novovoronezh NPP-2); improvement of the Cenomanian-Aptian deposits of the Bovanenskovskoye oil and gas condensate field in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District.

Also, within the framework of cooperation with JSC Federal Passenger Company, 7,800 students were employed in 10 branches of the company - representatives of student teams of conductors. One of the priority projects in 2014 was the formation of specialized energy student teams of JSC Russian Grids; a detachment with a total number of 1,500 students from 76 specialized professional educational organizations and educational organizations was formed higher education.

In 2014, work was continued on the preparation of volunteers for work at the XXII Olympic winter games and XI Winter Paralympic Games 2014 in Sochi (hereinafter referred to as the Games). To train volunteers, 26 volunteer centers were created on the basis of educational institutions of higher education, which trained 25,000 volunteers for the Games.

In 2014 federal agency Youth Affairs has collected and summarized more than 900 practices and projects that promote the professional self-determination of young people, implemented in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, together with the International Association for Corporate Education (hereinafter referred to as IAKO), held the 1st All-Russian competition of the best practices of employers in working with children, youth and personnel reserve (hereinafter referred to as the Competition), aimed at creating a positive image of industries and professions, educating a new generation of citizens with the necessary professional and social competencies, the formation of innovative methods of interaction between public authorities, organizations and public associations in the field of supporting children and youth. 49 companies operating on the territory of the Russian Federation became participants in the Competition.

Based on a qualitative analysis of measures (activities) and a quantitative analysis by country and youth employment programs, the following main conclusions can be drawn, namely:

1. Education and training is the dominant measure (activity) in youth employment programs.

2. Programs to integrate young people into the labor market in the developing world target young people with low income or poorly educated.

3. Information about youth employment activities is better covered in the industrialized countries of the world.

4. In general, the degree of socio-economic effectiveness of measures (activities) to ensure youth employment is assessed as weak, while these measures are more successful in developing countries and in countries with economies in transition than in industrialized countries.