29.10.2019

National parks of the Krasnoyarsk Territory names. Coursework: Reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Shushensky Bor National Park

The Krasnoyarsk Stolby State Nature Reserve is located close to the city limits. On three sides, the natural boundaries are the right tributaries of the Yenisei. The area of the reserve covers 47.2 thousand hectares. The first information about Stolby dates back to the 80s of the 18th century, but only a century later, Krasnoyarsk nature lovers began to visit these lands not only for hunting, but also for rock climbing. And already at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century it was a favorite vacation spot for city residents and travelers who came here. And in 1925, on the initiative of the inhabitants of the city, a reserve was created. Thus, the inhabitants of Krasnoyarsk sought to preserve the unique and richest natural complexes around the amazing "pillars", which are volcanic syenite remnants.

There are about a hundred rocks on the territory of the reserve, each of which was given apt names by the people, such as "Lion's Gate", "Twins", "Grandfather", "Feathers", "Mittens" and others. The rocks are divided into two categories - actually "Pillars", open to tourists, as well as "Wild Pillars" - rocks located in remote corners of the reserve, access to which is limited.

Today, just like 150 years ago, the residents of Krasnoyarsk are happy to visit "Stolby" in order to relax or go in for mountain climbing and other sports. In the many years of the existence of the reserve, a whole social movement "stolbizm" has developed, whose representatives are engaged in rock climbing and communicate in natural conditions in an informal setting. Without a doubt, having been here at least once, you will remember these places for a lifetime.

Putoransky Reserve

The reserve was founded in 1988. Scientists have long explored the territory of the Putorano Plateau. They were interested in the diversity of flora and fauna, whose representatives perfectly exist in the area, where there is a large accumulation of mountains, canyons, tectonic lakes and waterfalls. Basically, these are rare species listed in the Red Book.

Only in the Putoransky Reserve you can meet the white-billed loon, bighorn sheep, golden eagle, small swan, gyrfalcon and many other endangered animals and birds.

Excursions and lectures are often held in the reserve. Animals can not be approached close, it is allowed to observe only from afar. This is already one of the touches to the wild nature. To get into the reserve, you need to familiarize yourself with the rules of stay, which are on the official website, as well as sign up for a tour by phone.

Introduction

2.5 Putorana Reserve
2.7 Tunguska Reserve
2.9 Natural Park"Ergaki"

Introduction

Since 1600, about 150 animal species have become extinct on our planet, more than half of them in the last 50 years. In the 20th century, it became obvious that it was necessary to take special measures to save the animal and flora. No one needs to prove how devastatingly capable of influencing modern man on wildlife. There are fewer and fewer untouched corners of nature. Every year, the Red Book is replenished with endangered representatives of the animal and plant world.

The reserve is a form of protected areas specific to the USSR / Russia, which practically has no analogues in the world, only in Russia the reserve is not only a protected area, but also a scientific institution. The formation and operation of state nature reserves are regulated by section 2 of the Federal Law on SPNA, according to which (Articles 1, 2) "on the territory of state nature reserves are completely withdrawn from economic use specially protected natural complexes and objects (land, water, subsoil, vegetation and animal world), which have environmental, scientific, environmental and educational significance as samples of natural natural environment, typical or rare landscapes, places of conservation of the genetic fund of flora and fauna.

State natural reserves are nature protection, scientific research and environmental education institutions aimed at preserving and studying the natural course natural processes and phenomena, the genetic fund of flora and fauna, individual species and communities of plants and animals, typical and unique ecological systems. Land, water, subsoil, flora and fauna located in the territories of state natural reserves are provided for use (possession) by state natural reserves on the rights provided for by federal laws.

In this paper, we consider the main protected areas of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the features of their situation.

1. Specially protected natural areas Krasnoyarsk Territory

For the protection of wild animals, protected areas are created - nature reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks. Here, animals are protected by law.

Reserves (reserves) are one of the most effective forms of preserving landscapes intact - these are areas of land or water spaces where any human activity is prohibited. In the reserve, all natural objects are subject to protection, ranging from rocks, reservoirs, soil and ending with representatives of the animal and plant world.

Reserves serve as a kind of standards wildlife, and also allow you to present in its original form its unique phenomena or rare species of animals and plants.

Reserves play a huge role in saving nature, including rare animals. They also act as scientific centers for the study of nature. They develop methods for preserving, restoring and rational use valuable game animals (sable, beaver, deer, elk).

State natural reserves are areas of particular importance for the conservation or restoration of natural complexes or their components and maintaining the ecological balance. By status, they are divided into reserves of federal and regional significance;

complex (landscape), designed to preserve and restore natural complexes (natural landscapes);

biological (zoological, botanical), intended for the conservation and restoration of rare and endangered species of plants and animals, as well as valuable species in economic, scientific and cultural terms;

paleontological, intended for the conservation of fossil objects;

hydrological (swamp, lake, river, sea), designed to preserve and restore valuable water bodies and ecological systems, and geological.

To save the fauna, in addition to reserves and reserves, national (or natural) parks are created, which, unlike the reserve, open part of its territory to tourists and vacationers, but there are completely protected areas in the park.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is a huge territory located in the East Siberian region of Russia. Geographical position Our region is unique in many respects. On its territory is located the geographical center of Russia - Lake Vivi, located in Evenkia. The location of the center of Russia is approved by the Federal Service for Geodesy and Cartography of Russia. The northernmost point of the Krasnoyarsk Territory - Cape Chelyuskin - is the extreme polar tip of Eurasia and the northernmost point of Russia and the continental parts of the planet.

There are six reserves on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, three of them are biospheric, i.e. work under a special program of the United Nations; these are the Sayano-Shushensky and Central Siberian and Taimyr reserves; State reserves are also: Stolby and Putoransky. The most modern reserve is the Great Arctic.

In total, seven reserves have been created in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (Table 1), as well as the national park "Shushensky Bor", the natural park "Ergaki".

In total, three state nature reserves have been created in the region federal significance and 27 state nature reserves of regional significance. It is planned to create another 39 state nature reserves.

On the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 51 objects have the status of a natural monument of regional significance.

Table 1 - State natural reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

2. Reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

2.1 Stolby State Nature Reserve

Target. Preservation of unique geological formations and natural complexes around them. The most valuable and famous natural complexes are around picturesque rock formations - syenite remnants - "pillars" that gave the name to the reserve, as well as karsts and caves.

Currently, its area is 47154 hectares.

The reserve is located on the right bank of the Yenisei, on the northwestern spurs of the Eastern Sayan, bordering on the Central Siberian Plateau. The natural boundaries of the protected area are the right tributaries of the Yenisei River: in the northeast - the Bazaikha River, in the south and southwest - the Mana and Bolshaya Slizneva rivers. From the northeast, the territory borders on the suburbs of Krasnoyarsk

A tourist-excursion area has been allocated on the territory of the reserve to meet the recreational needs of residents of Krasnoyarsk and guests of the city, for which a special regime has been established by the regulation on the reserve.

The vegetation of the reserve is diverse. On the northern outskirts of the reserve, steppe vegetation is replaced by forest. At the northern borders of the reserve, in a very small area, several specimens of the Siberian linden - the pride of "Pillars" - have been preserved. Fir and cedar also grow in the reserve. Cedar is a precious tree of the Siberian taiga, but, unfortunately, it is weakly renewed. Heavy pine nuts are not carried by the wind, but fall from ripe cones right there, under the tree, but, falling on a thick moss cover, they, as a rule, cannot germinate without outside help. Such an assistant to the cedar is a bird - the Siberian nutcracker. During the ripening period of nuts, she, having knocked down a cone, flies with it to a log or stump, peels the seeds and, with a goiter filled with nuts, flies to hide them. The nutcracker prefers to hide its reserves in places with a shallow snow cover, which is quickly freed from it in the spring. Thus, the nutcracker helps to spread the cedar across the territory of the reserve.

The Stolby reserve is located at the junction of three botanical and geographical regions: the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe, the mountain taiga of the Eastern Sayan Mountains and the subtaiga of the Central Siberian Plateau. The flora of the reserve includes 1037 species of higher vascular plants, of which 260 species are bryophytes, more than 150 species are classified as specially protected.

22 species of fish, 130 species of birds and 45 species of mammals have been recorded on the territory of the reserve. The precious predator of the taiga is the sable. By the time the reserve was organized, it was completely exterminated in these places, but in the 60s it again became an ordinary inhabitant of the reserved taiga. The reserve is very rich in wild ungulates. Maral and musk deer find exceptionally favorable conditions here. The bird kingdom in the reserve is represented by such birds as hazel grouse, capercaillie, three-toed woodpecker, nutcracker, deaf cuckoo, warbler, blackbirds, bluetail, Far Eastern and blue nightingales, starling, small and white-backed woodpecker, white-capped bunting, lentil, chaffinch. Of the fish in the reserve, there are whitefish, grayling, chebak, dace, spike, perch, pike, burbot, crucian carp and others.

In addition to flora and fauna, the reserve is famous for its rocks. Pillars are the pride of Krasnoyarsk. Almost all the rocks of the reserve have names - outlines resembling birds, animals and people, which is reflected in the names: Sparrows, Berkut, Musk Deer, Grandfather, Monk. The height of the rocks, which form 80 groups, reaches 104 m in some places. Some individual stones and fragments (parts) of rocks are also named. Rocks can be single or form groups. A rock mass always has several named individual peaks.

The rock called "Feathers" is the 4th majestic forty-meter sheer stone slabs, adjacent to each other. Each slab, pointed at the top, resembles the feathers of a gigantic bird. On the western side, the rock is a fairly flat sheer wall. At a height of 15-20 meters, a horizontal gap formed. When tourists climb into it and their heads stick out like teeth, the gap becomes like the mouth of a predatory animal, hence the name Lion's Mouth.

Fifteen meters from the Feathers there is a low rock. It resembles a large lion's head. On the western side there are two colossal stone pedestals covered with a huge monolithic stone. When you look at them, it seems that the stone, under the influence of its own weight, is about to push the rocks apart and collapse to the ground. This rock was called the Lion's Gate. It is easy to climb to the top of the Lion's Gate. Slots, ledges and gently sloping slabs are freely overcome.

Five hundred meters from Feathers, across the log, rises a massive cliff "Grandfather" - an amazing work of nature. If you look down on the pillar, you can see the head of a courageous and stern, thoughtful old man with an open forehead, on which a cap is pulled down. A straight nose and a beard lowered to the chest enhance the impression. On the opposite side, the rock looks like a laughing grandfather.

2.2 Sayano-Shushensky State Natural Biosphere Reserve

The Sayano-Shushensky Reserve was founded in 1976 in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the central part of the Western Sayan to replace the former Sayan Reserve. The history of the creation of the reserve is connected with the need to preserve the sable as the most valuable fur-bearing animal.

In the 1970s, the rapid development of industry (the Sayan TPK, combining the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station and a number of factories) and the growth of the population, and hence the number settlements was an environmental shock for the region. Therefore, in one of the few corners of Siberia, where human influence has so far hardly affected, it was decided to create a reserve. And nine years later, in 1985, the reserve, by decision of UNESCO, was included in the international network of biosphere reserves. The area of the reserve is 3904 km2.

Target. Preservation and study of typical and unique natural complexes, landscape and biological diversity of the central part of the Western Sayan, located in the zone of contact between the boreal forests of Siberia and the dry steppe and semi-desert plateaus of Central Asia.

This area is the only one in Russia where you can save snow leopard, Siberian ibex, golden eagle, osprey, as well as populations of plants listed in the Red Book.

The impact of the Sayano-Shushenskoye reservoir on natural ecosystems is also being studied in the reserve.

Since the reserve is located at the point where Siberian taiga and the Central Asian steppe, and the relief is mountainous (the most high point- 2735 m), the vegetation is very diverse: from the venus slipper, listed in the Red Book, to huge deciduous and cedar forests. The flora of the reserve has more than 1000 species only. higher plants. The vegetation of the forest, forest-steppe, steppe, subalpine belts is represented here. Among herbaceous plants there are many relict ones: Krylov's bedstraw, Altai anemone, Siberian bluegrass, Siberian princess, Siberian kandyk, Sayan beauty flower. Of particular value are Siberian burena, leafless brow brow and Rhodiola rosea. Among the trees of particular value of the protected taiga are Siberian cedar. Siberian larch and, to a lesser extent, Siberian fir, spruce, pine, birch, and aspen also grow in the reserve.

The fauna of the Sayano-Shushensky Reserve includes more than 50 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 18 species of fish, 5 species of reptiles and 2 species of amphibians. Of these, about 100 species are rare, endangered and included in the Red Book.

The fauna of the reserve is diverse. So, next to the wise reindeer and partridges, you can also meet the unusual Altai snowcock, agile Siberian mountain goat, agile hamster, snow leopard, as well as sable, brown bear, musk deer, which are characteristic of the Siberian taiga.

The main representative of the bird kingdom of the reserve is the thrush. Within the region there are two subspecies - black-throated and red-throated. Not uncommon for the reserve and bluetail, and nightingale rubythroat.

Under the control of the protection service of the reserve is the biospheric polygon "Grey Sayany" with a total area of 218.8 thousand hectares, created by a decree of the administration of the Ermakovsky district in 2000.

2.3 Taimyr State Natural Biosphere Reserve

The Taimyrsky State Reserve was established in 1979, and in 1995 it was given the status of a biosphere reserve. It is an environmental, research and environmental education institution. This is one of the largest reserves in Russia, located in the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, on the Taimyr Peninsula - the most northerly mainland in the world. Therefore, the organizers of the reserve sought to cover the greatest variety of zonal natural landscapes - arctic, typical and southern tundra, as well as forest tundra.

The territory of the reserve is a reference area earth's surface, where almost all natural zones of Taimyr are represented: arctic ("Arctic branch"), typical ("Main territory"), southern (section "Ary-Mas") tundra and forest tundra (section "Lukunsky"), as well as unique mountain tundra ridge Byrranga (Table 1).

Reserve "Taimyrsky" is the most visited reserve in Russia. Every year, thousands of scientists from all over the world, ecologists, tourists and fishers visit East Taimyr. Most of all they are attracted by the excavations of the fossil mammoth and the population of the musk ox. Also, the center of the reserve, the village of Khatanga, is used as a springboard to reach the North Pole.

Table 1 - Reference sites of the reserve "Taimyrsky"

430 species of higher plants, 222 species of mosses and 265 species of lichens grow on the territory of the reserve. One of the most common lichens in the tundra zone is cladonia (reindeer moss or reindeer moss). Reindeer moss occupies vast polar territories, but is often found in dry forests located much south of the tundra. Among the plants growing on the territory of the reserve, there are those that are listed in the Red Book, Arctic-Siberian wormwood, leguminous sedge, hard sedge, Pole and Taimyr grains, oblique sedge, Gorodkovaya and Byrrangskaya scurf, woolly stamen mytnik, Rhodiola rosea.

Countless lakes and small reservoirs cover the tundra, located on permafrost, with stagnant moisture. The thickness of the permafrost is up to 500 meters. In Ary-Mas, the southernmost part of one of the three sections of the reserve, one can observe the northernmost larches. The trees here for several centuries barely reach the height of human growth.

We will start our acquaintance with the fauna of the Taimyr Reserve with one of the smallest, but very important inhabitants of the reserve - lemmings (Siberian and ungulates). The ungulate lemming got its name due to the fact that in winter period on the front paws, two middle claws grow and resemble a hoof. The next representative of the fauna of the reserve is the reindeer. The population of reindeer in Taimyr is the largest in the world.

In the status of a protected zone under the control of the reserve is the reserve of the district subordination "Bikada". The area of the reserve is 937,760 ha; this is a separate cluster that does not come into contact with the territory of the reserve. On its territory, employees of the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Far North are international program reacclimatization of the North American musk ox. Musk oxen have been preserved since prehistoric times: they lived at the same time as mammoths, but unlike the latter, they continue to live to this day. The musk ox was brought to Taimyr in 1974 from the Arctic regions of Canada and the USA. Currently, he "mastered" a very significant territory.

White hares in the reserve coexist with such common polar predators as arctic fox and wolf. Particularly numerous in Taimyr Reserve polar wolves. This is due to the fact that the region has the largest Taimyr population of reindeer, which are the main prey of these predatory animals. Of the mustelids, the ermine and the wolverine live in the reserve. From marine mammals white whale, ringed seal and walrus live here. In the Taimyr Reserve, there are 116 species of birds belonging to 9 orders. Near-water and waterfowl nest here in greater numbers than anywhere else in other tundra areas of the earth. Comb eider, black-throated and white-billed loons, tundra swans, goose goose nest. From rare species birds there are lesser swan, red-throated goose, white-tailed eagle, golden eagle, gyrfalcon, peregrine falcon.

2.4 Central Siberian State Natural Biosphere Reserve

The reserve was established in 1985. The reserve is located in the Turukhansky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory on an area of 424.9 thousand hectares and in the Baikitsky district of the Evenki municipal district on an area of 595.0 thousand hectares. The total area of the protected area is 1019.9 thousand hectares. The reserve is located on the territory, including the middle course of the river. Yenisei between the river. Podkamennaya Tunguska and Bakhta, the Yenisei parts of the West Siberian Plain and the Tunguska-Bakhtinsky trap plateau of the Central Siberian Plateau.

The main goal of organizing the reserve is the preservation and study of various terrestrial and aquatic natural complexes of the middle taiga Siberia in its central part, the landscapes of the floodplain and the Yenisei valley, the river itself and its tributaries. The section of the Yenisei within the reserve is of great value as a spawning area for many valuable commercial fish species, as well as a wintering area for sturgeon and sterlet. This is the only reserve in Russia where both banks of one of the great rivers of Eurasia are protected at a great distance (60 km). Its floodplain is swampy, has many oxbow lakes. The river network consists of tributaries of the Yenisei and Podkamennaya Tunguska.

"Central Siberian" is the first nature reserve in Russia, which was originally designed as a biosphere reserve, with a pre-planned biosphere test site. Other biosphere reserves converted from previously created conventional state reserves. In January 1987, UNESCO included it in the international network of biosphere reserves.

The reserve is characterized by mid-taiga vegetation. Of the plants listed in the Red Book, the following are characteristic: large-flowered slipper, real and bulbous calypso.

Of the representatives of the avifauna, the black stork, peregrine falcon, osprey, golden eagle, white-tailed eagle and gyrfalcon are listed in the Red Book. The section of the Yenisei within the reserve is of great value as a spawning area for many valuable commercial fish species, as well as a wintering area for sturgeon and sterlet.

The State Nature Reserve "Central Siberian" is in charge of the state ecological and ethnographic reserve of federal significance "Eloguysky". Ethno-ecological research is being carried out at the biospheric range of the reserve, where special attention is paid to the small people of the North - the Kets. Turukhansk Kets are the last representatives of the ancient paleo-asian tribes who settled on the banks of the tributaries Yenisei. They once lived in south, V Minusinsk basin, as well as on the territory of modern Khakassia. The Ket names of rivers and mountains have survived there to this day. Then the Kets were gradually pushed to the north, populated the southern part Turukhansk region, in the 17th century advanced to Lower Tunguska, later - until Kureika river. The origin of the Kets has not been fully elucidated. Linguists pay attention to the similarity of the Ket language with separate isolated language groups: for example, a number of languages Caucasian highlanders, Spanish Basques And North American Indians. Some see in the Kets the descendants of the ancient Tibetan the population from which they descended North American Indians - Athabaskans. Kets are of great interest for science due to their isolated linguistic position and features of anthropological data. A large collection of objects of the Ket culture is in the local history museum of Yeniseisk.

2.5 Putorana Reserve

The reserve was founded in 1988 to protect unique mountain-lake-taiga landscapes and rare species of flora and fauna. The Putoransky Reserve is located in the north of Central Siberia, on the territory of the Dudinsky and Khatanga regions of the Taimyr autonomous region and the Ilimsky District of the Evenk Autonomous Okrug: its main part, the Putorana Plateau, lies south of the Taimyr Peninsula and occupies most of the rectangle between the Yenisei, Kheta, Kotui and Lower Tunguska(650 km from north to south and from west to east). This is the most extreme nature reserve in Russia. The total area of the reserve is 1887, 3 thousand hectares.

The purpose of establishing the Putoransky State Natural Reserve is to preserve the most unique mountain biocenoses of the north of Central Siberia, a peculiar flora and rare animal species, restore the historical range of the Putoransky subspecies of the bighorn sheep, as well as protect the world's largest Taimyr population of wild reindeer.

As a result of the movement of glaciers, the Putorana Plateau is dissected by long flat-bottomed canyons, the height of the walls of which reaches several hundred meters, and narrow lakes, the deepest in Russia after Baikal (Khantayskoye Lake - up to 520 m in depth); mountain rivers are rapids, the height of some waterfalls reaches 100 m. The highest density of waterfalls per unit area on the planet is noted on the territory of the reserve.

Of the historical and cultural objects, the remains of the attributes of shamanism on the ancient temples of the Tungus (Evenks) and Dolgan chapels more than a century old are of the greatest interest. On the territory of the Putorana Reserve there are the most unique outcrops of columnar basalts (natural mineralogical open-air museums).

The landscape is dominated by mountain tundra and woodlands. Numerous rivers and lakes. In total, there are 381 species of plants, 35 species of mammals, 140 species of birds on the territory of the reserve.

The plateau is the only habitat for one of the largest little-studied mammals on the planet - bighorn sheep (bighorn). The protection of the lesser white-fronted goose is of international importance. It is Russia that bears a significant share of the responsibility for the conservation of this species of geese.

In 2003, the Putorana Plateau was classified as a UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage Site. There are very few tourists here due to the high cost and increased complexity of the routes. Directly to the border of the reserve, an excursion boat route along the lake. Lama.

In the buffer (protection) zone, together with the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Far North with the active financial support of the Polar Branch of the Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Complex, Norilskgazprom and a number of other organizations, the reserve built a background monitoring station - biostationaries "Keta" (Lake Keta) and "Mikchanda" (Lake . lama) for comprehensive study unique biocenoses of the plateau. Since 2007, work has been carried out under a grant from the Global environmental fund(GEF): "Conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in the territory of the Taimyr Peninsula, Russia: maintaining the interconnection of landscapes".

2.6 Large Arctic State Nature Reserve

The Great Arctic nature reserve, the largest in Russia and Eurasia and the third largest in the world (4,169,222 hectares, including 1 million - the water area of the Arctic seas), was established in 1993. It is located on the Taimyr Peninsula and on the islands of the Arctic Ocean. Its shores are washed by the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea. This is the most large nature reserve Russia.

The purpose of the reserve is to preserve and study in its natural state the unique Arctic ecosystems, rare and endangered species of plants and animals of the northern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula and adjacent islands. On the islands of Severnaya Zemlya there are "maternity hospitals" of Taimyr polar bears, in the coastal tundra, herds of wild reindeer flee from the midges. Preserve the nesting sites of birds that migrate along the North Atlantic: the black goose, sandpiper, etc. - and have the opportunity to study the unique Arctic ecosystems in their natural state.

A significant part of the reserve is practically not visited by humans, but recently routes have been developed (rafting, fishing, ethnographic tours) that will allow tourists to get to know the Arctic nature better.

The Great Arctic Reserve consists of seven cluster sites (Table 2) and two reserves: the state nature reserve of federal significance "Severozemelsky", located within the boundaries of the reserve, and the state nature reserve of regional significance "Brekhovsky Islands".

The main type of tundra vegetation is lichens. They endure the harsh conditions of the Arctic, painting the tundra in various colors from bright yellow to black. Since the conditions of this northern region are not easy, it is impossible for a number of higher plants to bloom annually. In this regard, there are no bulbous plants and almost no annuals. Of the shrubs, the most prominent representative is the polar willow. Herbaceous plants are represented by sedges, cotton grasses, cereals, a significant role in the vegetation of the reserve is played by the dryad, or partridge grass, various types of saxifrage, various polar poppies, forget-me-not.

Table 2 - Cluster sections of the Bolshoy Arktichesky gas processing plant

The bird fauna of the Great Arctic Reserve includes 124 species, 16 of which are listed in the Red Book. Typical inhabitants of the tundra are the white owl and the tundra partridge. In the reserve there are rare species of gulls: pink, fork-tailed and white.

The pink gull is a rare, little-studied species listed in the Red Book. Only one nesting colony of these birds out of 45-50 pairs is known in Eastern Taimyr. The white gull is a rare Arctic species listed in the Red Book. Breeds on the islands of the Kara Sea. It does not nest on the mainland, but regularly flies to the Arctic coast of Taimyr. Of the gulls, the herring gull, glaucous gull and arctic tern are also the most widespread. But one of the main objects of protection are waterfowl. Four species of geese, a small swan (a rare species included in the Red Book) and four species of ducks nest here. Among the birds there are also predators: peregrine falcon, rough-legged buzzard gyrfalcon and merlin.

If you go for a walk in the reserve at night, you can hear the calls of the red-throated, black-throated or white-billed diver. Also in the reserve you can meet long-tailed, middle and short-tailed skua, snowy and short-eared owl, sparrows (the most numerous order of birds in the reserve - 41 species), horned lark, red-throated pipit, white wagtail. And, finally, one of the representatives of the bird kingdom of the reserve is the snow bunting, which is rightly considered a symbol of the Arctic spring. Sometimes this herald of spring arrives even in March, although mostly at the beginning, or even in the middle of May.

Among the mammals of the reserve, one can note such animals as lemmings (Siberian and ungulates), arctic fox, hairy buzzard, skua, wild reindeer (a unique island population of these animals lives on Sibiryakov Island), polar bear (listed in the Red Book) and seals.

In the water area - habitats polar bear, walrus, sea hare, ringed seal, white whales. On the coast of the ocean and in river deltas, places of mass nesting and molting of white-fronted goose, black and red-breasted goose, ducks and waders are taken under protection.

The territory of the reserve also includes historical and cultural monuments associated with the names of polar exploration - A.F. Middendorf, F. Nansen, V.A. Rusanova, E.V. Tollya, A.V. Kolchak, etc.

2.7 Tunguska Reserve

The Tunguska Nature Reserve is located at the site of the fall of the Tunguska meteorite. The reserve is located in the Evenki municipal area Krasnoyarsk region. The total area of the reserve is 296562 ha.

The purpose of the creation of the reserve is to study the unique natural complexes of Evenkia and the consequences of the influence of the global cosmic-ecological catastrophe.

The reserve is a conservation, research and environmental education institution. It was created to study the consequences of a meteorite fall. The highest peak of the reserve is located on the spurs of the Lakursky ridge - 533 m above sea level. The second highest peak - Mount Farrington - is located near the site of the Tunguska phenomenon.

The territory of the reserve is a typical region of the northern East Siberian taiga, practically not subjected to local anthropogenic influences, with its characteristic landscapes and biocenoses, however, the territory of the reserve is unique, as it keeps the imprints of the mysterious "Tunguska catastrophe" on June 30, 1908. On this day, in the interfluve of the Podkamennaya Tunguska and its right tributary Chuni (South Evenkia), 70 km north-west of the village of Vanavara, a super-powerful (10-40 megatons) explosion of a space object of unidentified nature, known as the Tunguska meteorite, occurred.

Larch and pine forests. As a result of the fall of the alleged meteorite, the taiga over an area of more than 2 km was knocked down and burned, but over the past century it has completely recovered. Evenki taiga to this day keeps the secret of one of the wonders of our century, called the Tunguska meteorite. In the animal world, elk, bear, sable, wood grouse are common, there are badger, lynx. About 30 species of fish live in Podkamennaya Tunguska, most of which are valuable species.

Along the boundaries of the reserve, a protective zone 2 km wide has been formed, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is 20,241 hectares. The buffer zone is entrusted with such tasks as improving the living conditions of the protected animals of the reserve, carrying out measures to protect and restore valuable wild and rare plant species growing in the protected areas, creating demonstration sites, showcases, stands and other forms of promoting the activities of the reserves for the purpose of environmental education.

The echo of the Tunguska catastrophe sounded all over the globe. In a vast area bounded from the east Yenisei, from the south by a line Tashkent - Stavropol - Sevastopol - northern Italy - Bordeaux, With west- west coast Atlantic Ocean the night is gone. For 3 days, from June 3 to July 2, 1908, there were bright nights here, reminiscent of white nights in the northern regions of Europe. It was possible to read a newspaper text, read the readings of a clock or a compass, while the main illumination came from extremely bright clouds located at an altitude of about 80 km. A huge field of these clouds hovered over the expanses Western Siberia and Europe, in addition, other anomalous optical phenomena- bright "motley" dawns, halos and crowns around the sun, and in some places - a decrease in the transparency of the atmosphere, which reached California in August and is apparently explained by the dusting of the atmosphere by the products of the Tunguska explosion. There is reason to believe that the fall of the Tunguska meteorite even affected the Southern Hemisphere: in any case, it was on this day in Antarctica that an aurora of unusual shape and power was observed, described by members of Shackleton's English Antarctic expedition.

The nature of the Tunguska phenomenon remains unclear to date, which is of exceptional interest to the only one on the globe an area that allows direct study environmental impact space disasters. Studies of the consequences of the explosion of a cosmic body of unknown nature were started in the mid-twenties of the twentieth century by the expeditions of L.A. Kulik, who first described the consequences of the explosion, and continued by scientists from Tomsk (Complex Amateur Expedition) under the leadership of Academician N.V. Vasiliev and Doctor of Biological Sciences G.F. Plekhanov, expeditions of the RAS Committee on Meteorites, many prominent domestic and foreign scientists. Monitoring of post-catastrophic changes is carried out at the present time. The following historical and cultural objects are located on the territory of the reserve:

expeditionary base for the study of the "Tunguska meteorite", better known as "Kulik's Zaimka" or "Kulik's Hut";

expeditionary base for the study of the Tunguska meteorite - a monument of history and culture of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

According to the existing Regulations on the reserves of Russia, tourism is prohibited in them. In the Tunguska Reserve, due to the uniqueness of the event, limited tourist activities are allowed as an exception for the purpose of environmental education of the population, acquaintance with the beautiful natural objects of the reserve, the site of the fall of the Tunguska meteorite. There are three environmental education routes. Two of them are water, along the picturesque rivers Kimchu and Khushma, the third is on foot along the "Kulik path" - the famous route of the discoverer of the site of the Tunguska meteorite disaster. A lot of explanatory work is carried out on routes with tourists.

2.8 national park"Shushensky Bor"

Shushensky Bor National Park was founded in 1995. The national park is located in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, on the lands of the Shushensky district, at the junction of two large geomorphological systems - the Minusinsk foothill basin and the Western Sayan mountain system, almost in the very center of the Asian continent. The territory of the national park consists of two separate areas of 4.4 thousand hectares and 34.8 thousand hectares, all lands are owned by the national park.

The organization of the national park in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory was caused by the need to find a compromise between the protection unique nature region, human economic activity and recreational nature management. "Shushensky Bor" was formed in order to preserve unique, not significantly altered natural ecosystems, representing a wide range of latitudinal zonality - from alpine meadows to the forest-steppe and steppe - and having scientific, educational and recreational value.

The northern part of the park is represented by a flat forest-meadow-steppe landscape. The forests here are dominated by pine. The southern part of the territory includes mountain-taiga landscapes, where vertical zonality is pronounced. In the foothill part there is a belt of coniferous and mixed forests, represented by aspen, pine, and sometimes cedar. Above is a belt of black taiga with a predominance of fir. Even higher is the belt of dark coniferous taiga. The tops of the ridges are occupied by subalpine meadows.

The ecosystems of the black taiga are of particular interest from the point of view of protection, as they are relic communities. The list of rare and endangered plant species on the territory of the Shushensky district includes 27 species, including spring adonis, Siberian brunner, Altai anemone, Pallas primrose, Maryin root peony, male shieldwort.

The richness of the wildlife of the park is associated with diversity natural conditions territory and a complex history of fauna formation.

2.9 Ergaki Nature Park

Ergaki - name natural park located in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The park was named after the ridge of the same name, which by the 1990s had become very popular among tourists, artists, and the local population. In addition to the Ergaki ridge, the park covers partly or completely the Kulumys, Oisky, Aradansky, Metugul-Taiga, Kedransky mountain ranges. The pools are the most major rivers park - Us, Kebezh, Oya, Taigish, Kazyrsuk.

Ergaki is a mountain junction, a ridge in the Western Sayan. It is located at the head of the Bolshoy Kebezh, Bolshoy Klyuch, Taigish, Verkhnyaya Buiba, Srednyaya Buiba and Nizhnyaya Buiba rivers.

Bibliography

1. Baranov, A.A. Specially protected animals of the Yenisei Siberia. Birds and mammals: textbook. - method. allowance / A.A. Baranov. - Krasnoyarsk: Publishing house of KSPU named after V.P. Astafieva, 2004. - 264 p.

2. Baranov, A.A. Specially protected natural territories of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: textbook. - method. Allowance / A.A. Baranov, S.V. Kozheko. - Krasnoyarsk: Publishing house of KSPU named after V.P. Astafieva, 2004. - 240 p.

3. Vladyshevsky, D.V. Ecology and we: textbook. allowance / D.V. Vladyshevsky. - Krasnoyarsk: State Publishing House. un-ta, 1994. - 214 p.

4. Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. - Krasnoyarsk: State Publishing House. un-ta, 2004. - 246 p.

5. Nature and ecology of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: the program of the school course. - Krasnoyarsk, 2000.

6. Savchenko, A.P. Appendix to the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. / A.P. Savchenko, V.N. Lopatin, A.N. Zyryanov, M.N. Smirnov and others - Krasnoyarsk: Ed. Center of KrasSU, 2004. - 147 p.

The Great Arctic Reserve, which is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory

The protected area was founded in 1993 and is the leader in Eurasia among protected natural areas. The area of the territory is 2,007,069 thousand hectares. The reserve includes part of the Taimyr Peninsula, nearby wild islands, sea spaces, bays, rivers and bays in this area. The protected area is divided into 35 circuits.

It is a reserve of two natural sides: the arctic deserts, as well as the arctic tundra, in which most of the permafrost is from 0.200 to 0.900 km. Nine months The large Arctic stretch of nature is covered with snow, which falls in October and completely thaws only in June.

Over 162 species of higher wild plants grow here, 89 species of mosses, fifteen species of fungi, among which there is a white-skinned fibrous, seventy species of lichens. The fauna is also diverse, but it lags behind the flora in terms of species.

Putoransky Reserve Krasnodar Territory

The area of the Putoransky Reserve is 1887,000 hectares, it is located in the Arctic Krasnodar Territory, in the northwestern part of the Central Siberian Plateau, south of the Taimyr Peninsula. The territory of the reserve is named after the Putorano Plateau. It was created to preserve the beauty of nature in its natural form. The bighorn sheep recorded in the Red Book of the Russian Federation lives here. Also, these places are known for the most incredibly large population of reindeer. The reserve is listed as a natural monument of the UNESCO World Heritage, thanks to the richest and most beautiful combination of taiga, arctic desert, mountain range, forest tundra, virgin lakes, rivers and waterfalls in one place.

Protected area Pillars of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

The area is relatively small, 47.2 thousand hectares, the reserve was created at the request of Krasnoyarsk residents, who wished to preserve pillars - rocks of an unusual shape.

The pillars are allowed to be visited by tourist teams. It is allowed to spend time among the indescribable beauty of wild nature, and even go rock climbing. Clean air, beautiful surroundings offer excellent communication and new acquaintances. This type of tourism even got a name - "stolbism". In this reserve, in the thicket of the forest, there are also "Wild Pillars", to which access is prohibited.

The protected area is also rich in various species of animals, birds and plants, some of which are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. Someone will certainly be lucky to see the rarest birds and mammals in the wild natural environment.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is rich in reserves, there are eight of them:

Central Siberian Reserve;
Pillars;
Putorana State Nature Reserve;
National Park "Shushensky Bor";
Krasnoyarsk Big Arctic Reserve;
Taimyr protected area;
Biosphere Reserve "Sayano-Shushensky" on a state basis;
Tunguska reserve.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is unusual and beautiful, rich in natural resources, flora and fauna. In the reserves of this region, nature has retained its virgin beauty. Everyone should visit these luxurious untouched places at least once in their life.

Introduction

2.5 Putorana Reserve

2.7 Tunguska Reserve

2.9 Ergaki Nature Park

Introduction

Since 1600, about 150 animal species have become extinct on our planet, more than half of them in the last 50 years. In the 20th century, it became obvious that it was necessary to take special measures to save the animal and plant world. No one needs to prove how devastatingly modern man is able to influence wildlife. There are fewer and fewer untouched corners of nature. Every year, the Red Book is replenished with endangered representatives of the animal and plant world.

The reserve is a form of protected areas specific to the USSR / Russia, which practically has no analogues in the world, only in Russia the reserve is not only a protected area, but also a scientific institution. The formation and operation of state nature reserves are regulated by Section 2 of the Federal Law on SPNT, according to which (Art. 1, 2) "on the territory of state nature reserves, specially protected natural complexes and objects (land, water, subsoil, flora and fauna) are completely withdrawn from economic use world), having environmental, scientific, environmental and educational significance as samples of the natural environment, typical or rare landscapes, places of conservation of the genetic fund of flora and fauna.

State natural reserves are nature protection, research and environmental education institutions aimed at preserving and studying the natural course of natural processes and phenomena, the genetic fund of flora and fauna, individual species and communities of plants and animals, typical and unique ecological systems. Land, water, subsoil, flora and fauna located in the territories of state natural reserves are provided for use (possession) by state natural reserves on the rights provided for by federal laws.

In this paper, we consider the main protected areas of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the features of their situation.

1. Specially protected natural areas of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

For the protection of wild animals, protected areas are created - nature reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks. Here, animals are protected by law.

Reserves serve as a kind of standards of wildlife, and also allow you to present in its original form its unique phenomena or rare species of animals and plants.

Reserves play a huge role in saving nature, including rare animals. They also act as scientific centers for the study of nature. They develop methods for the conservation, restoration and rational use of valuable game animals (sable, beaver, deer, elk).

complex (landscape), designed to preserve and restore natural complexes (natural landscapes);

paleontological, intended for the conservation of fossil objects;

hydrological (swamp, lake, river, sea), designed to preserve and restore valuable water bodies and ecological systems, and geological.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is a huge territory located in the East Siberian region of Russia. The geographical position of our region can be called unique in many respects. On its territory is located the geographical center of Russia - Lake Vivi, located in Evenkia. The location of the center of Russia is approved by the Federal Service for Geodesy and Cartography of Russia. The northernmost point of the Krasnoyarsk Territory - Cape Chelyuskin - is the extreme polar tip of Eurasia and the northernmost point of Russia and the continental parts of the planet.

In total, seven reserves have been created in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (Table 1), as well as the national park "Shushensky Bor", the natural park "Ergaki".

In total, three state nature reserves of federal significance and 27 state nature reserves of regional significance have been created in the region. It is planned to create another 39 state nature reserves.

On the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 51 objects have the status of a natural monument of regional significance.

Table 1 - State natural reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

2. Reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

2.1 Stolby State Nature Reserve

Currently, its area is 47154 hectares.

2.2 Sayano-Shushensky State Natural Biosphere Reserve

In the 1970s, the rapid development of industry (the Sayan TIC, combining the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP and a number of factories) and the growth of the population, and hence the number of settlements, became an environmental shock for the region. Therefore, in one of the few corners of Siberia, where human influence has so far hardly affected, it was decided to create a reserve. And nine years later, in 1985, the reserve, by decision of UNESCO, was included in the international network of biosphere reserves. The area of the reserve is 3904 km2.

This area is the only one in Russia where you can save the snow leopard, Siberian ibex, golden eagle, osprey, as well as populations of plants listed in the Red Book.

The impact of the Sayano-Shushenskoye reservoir on natural ecosystems is also being studied in the reserve.

Since the reserve is located at the point where the Siberian taiga and the Central Asian steppe meet, and the relief is mountainous (the highest point is 2735 m), the vegetation is very diverse: from the venus slipper, listed in the Red Book, to huge deciduous and cedar forests. The flora of the reserve has more than 1000 species of only higher plants. The vegetation of the forest, forest-steppe, steppe, subalpine belts is represented here. Among herbaceous plants there are many relict ones: Krylov's bedstraw, Altai anemone, Siberian bluegrass, Siberian princess, Siberian kandyk, Sayan beauty flower. Of particular value are Siberian burena, leafless brow brow and Rhodiola rosea. Among the trees, the Siberian cedar is of particular value in the protected taiga. Siberian larch and, to a lesser extent, Siberian fir, spruce, pine, birch, and aspen also grow in the reserve.

2.3 Taimyr State Natural Biosphere Reserve

The territory of the reserve is a reference area of the earth's surface, which represents almost all natural zones of Taimyr: arctic ("Arctic Branch"), typical ("Main Territory"), southern ("Ary-Mas" section) tundra and forest tundra ("Lukunsky" section). "), as well as the unique mountain tundra ridge. Byrranga (Table 1).

Table 1 - Reference sites of the reserve "Taimyrsky"

We will start our acquaintance with the fauna of the Taimyr Reserve with one of the smallest, but very important inhabitants of the reserve - lemmings (Siberian and ungulates). The ungulate lemming got its name due to the fact that in winter, on the front paws, two middle claws grow and resemble a hoof. The next representative of the fauna of the reserve is the reindeer. The population of reindeer in Taimyr is the largest in the world.

In the status of a protected zone under the control of the reserve is the reserve of the district subordination "Bikada". The area of the reserve is 937,760 ha; this is a separate cluster that does not come into contact with the territory of the reserve. On its territory, employees of the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Far North are conducting an international program for the reacclimatization of the North American musk ox. Musk oxen have been preserved since prehistoric times: they lived at the same time as mammoths, but unlike the latter, they continue to live to this day. The musk ox was brought to Taimyr in 1974 from the Arctic regions of Canada and the USA. Currently, he "mastered" a very significant territory.

White hares in the reserve coexist with such common polar predators as arctic fox and wolf. Polar wolves are especially numerous in the Taimyr Reserve. This is due to the fact that the region has the largest Taimyr population of reindeer, which are the main prey of these predatory animals. Of the mustelids, the ermine and the wolverine live in the reserve. Of the marine mammals, the beluga whale, ringed seal and walrus live here. In the Taimyr Reserve, there are 116 species of birds belonging to 9 orders. Near-water and waterfowl nest here in greater numbers than anywhere else in other tundra areas of the earth. Comb eider, black-throated and white-billed loons, tundra swans, goose goose nest. Of the rare species of birds, there are lesser swan, red-throated goose, white-tailed eagle, golden eagle, gyrfalcon, peregrine falcon.

2.4 Central Siberian State Natural Biosphere Reserve

"Central Siberian" is the first nature reserve in Russia, which was originally designed as a biosphere reserve, with a pre-planned biosphere test site. All other biosphere reserves were transformed from previously established ordinary state reserves. In January 1987, UNESCO included it in the international network of biosphere reserves.

The reserve is characterized by mid-taiga vegetation. Of the plants listed in the Red Book, the following are characteristic: large-flowered slipper, real and bulbous calypso.

The State Nature Reserve "Central Siberian" is in charge of the state ecological and ethnographic reserve of federal significance "Eloguysky". Ethno-ecological research is being carried out at the biospheric range of the reserve, where special attention is paid to the small people of the North - the Kets. Turukhansk Kets are the last representatives of the ancient paleo-asian tribes who settled on the banks of the tributaries Yenisei. They once lived in south, V Minusinsk basin, as well as on the territory of modern Khakassia. The Ket names of rivers and mountains have survived there to this day. Then the Kets were gradually pushed to the north, populated the southern part Turukhansk region, in the 17th century advanced to Lower Tunguska, later - until Kureika river. The origin of the Kets has not been fully elucidated. Linguists pay attention to the similarity of the Ket language with separate isolated language groups: for example, a number of languages Caucasian highlanders, Spanish Basques And North American Indians. Some see in the Kets the descendants of the ancient Tibetan the population from which they descended North American Indians - Athabaskans. Kets are of great interest for science due to their isolated linguistic position and features of anthropological data. A large collection of objects of the Ket culture is in the local history museum of Yeniseisk.

2.5 Putorana Reserve

The reserve was founded in 1988 to protect unique mountain-lake-taiga landscapes and rare species of flora and fauna. The Putorana Reserve is located in the north of Central Siberia, on the territory of the Dudinsky and Khatanga regions of the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug and the Ilimsky District of the Evenki Autonomous Okrug: its main part, the Putorana Plateau, lies south of the Taimyr Peninsula and occupies most of the rectangle between the Yenisei, Kheta, Kotui and Lower Tunguska (650 km from north to south and from west to east). This is the most extreme nature reserve in Russia. The total area of the reserve is 1887, 3 thousand hectares.

In the buffer (protection) zone, together with the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Far North with the active financial support of the Polar Branch of the Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Complex, Norilskgazprom and a number of other organizations, the reserve built a background monitoring station - biostationaries "Keta" (Lake Keta) and "Mikchanda" (Lake . Lama) for a comprehensive study of the unique biocenoses of the plateau. Since 2007, work has been carried out under the Global Environment Facility (GEF) grant: "Conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity on the territory of the Taimyr Peninsula, Russia: maintaining the interconnection of landscapes."

2.6 Large Arctic State Nature Reserve

Table 2 - Cluster sections of the Bolshoy Arktichesky gas processing plant

In the water area - the habitats of the polar bear, walrus, bearded seal, ringed seal, beluga whale. On the coast of the ocean and in river deltas, places of mass nesting and molting of white-fronted goose, black and red-breasted goose, ducks and waders are taken under protection.

2.7 Tunguska Reserve

The Tunguska Nature Reserve is located at the site of the fall of the Tunguska meteorite. The reserve is located in the Evenki municipal district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The total area of the reserve is 296562 ha.

The purpose of the creation of the reserve is to study the unique natural complexes of Evenkia and the consequences of the influence of the global cosmic-ecological catastrophe.

Larch and pine forests are common here. As a result of the fall of the alleged meteorite, the taiga over an area of more than 2 km was knocked down and burned, but over the past century it has completely recovered. Evenki taiga to this day keeps the secret of one of the wonders of our century, called the Tunguska meteorite. In the animal world, elk, bear, sable, wood grouse are common, there are badger, lynx. About 30 species of fish live in Podkamennaya Tunguska, most of which are valuable species.

The echo of the Tunguska catastrophe sounded all over the globe. In a vast area bounded from the east Yenisei, from the south by a line Tashkent - Stavropol - Sevastopol - northern Italy - Bordeaux, With west- west coast Atlantic Ocean the night is gone. For 3 days, from June 3 to July 2, 1908, there were bright nights here, reminiscent of white nights in the northern regions of Europe. It was possible to read a newspaper text, read the readings of a clock or a compass, while the main illumination came from extremely bright clouds located at an altitude of about 80 km. A huge field of these clouds hovered over the expanses of Western Siberia and Europe, in addition, other anomalous optical phenomena were observed in this territory - bright "motley" dawns, halos and crowns around the sun, and in some places - a decrease in the transparency of the atmosphere, which reached California in August and is explained by , apparently, by the dusting of the atmosphere by the products of the Tunguska explosion. There is reason to believe that the fall of the Tunguska meteorite even affected the Southern Hemisphere: in any case, it was on this day in Antarctica that an aurora of unusual shape and power was observed, described by members of Shackleton's English Antarctic expedition.

The nature of the Tunguska phenomenon remains unclear to date, which is of exceptional interest to the only region on the globe that makes it possible to directly study the environmental consequences of space disasters. Studies of the consequences of the explosion of a cosmic body of unknown nature were started in the mid-twenties of the twentieth century by the expeditions of L.A. Kulik, who first described the consequences of the explosion, and continued by scientists from Tomsk (Complex Amateur Expedition) under the leadership of Academician N.V. Vasiliev and Doctor of Biological Sciences G.F. Plekhanov, expeditions of the RAS Committee on Meteorites, many prominent domestic and foreign scientists. Monitoring of post-catastrophic changes is carried out at the present time. The following historical and cultural objects are located on the territory of the reserve:

expeditionary base for the study of the "Tunguska meteorite", better known as "Kulik's Zaimka" or "Kulik's Hut";

expeditionary base for the study of the Tunguska meteorite - a monument of history and culture of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

2.8 Shushensky Bor National Park

The organization of the national park in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory was caused by the need to find a compromise between the protection of the unique nature of the region, human economic activity and recreational nature management. "Shushensky Bor" was formed in order to preserve unique, not significantly changed natural ecosystems, representing a wide range of latitudinal zoning - from alpine meadows to forest-steppe and steppe - and having scientific, educational and recreational value.

The richness of the wildlife of the park is associated with the diversity of the natural conditions of the territory and the complex history of the formation of the fauna.

2.9 Ergaki Nature Park

Ergaki is the name of a natural park located in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The park was named after the ridge of the same name, which by the 1990s had become very popular among tourists, artists, and the local population. In addition to the Ergaki ridge, the park covers partly or completely the Kulumys, Oisky, Aradansky, Metugul-Taiga, Kedransky mountain ranges. The basins of the largest rivers in the park are Us, Kebezh, Oya, Taigish, Kazyrsuk.

Ergaki is a mountain junction, a ridge in the Western Sayan. It is located at the head of the Bolshoy Kebezh, Bolshoy Klyuch, Taigish, Verkhnyaya Buiba, Srednyaya Buiba and Nizhnyaya Buiba rivers.

Bibliography

3. Vladyshevsky, D.V. Ecology and we: textbook. allowance / D.V. Vladyshevsky. - Krasnoyarsk: State Publishing House. un-ta, 1994. - 214 p.

4. Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. - Krasnoyarsk: State Publishing House. un-ta, 2004. - 246 p.

5. Nature and ecology of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: the program of the school course. - Krasnoyarsk, 2000.

6. Savchenko, A.P. Appendix to the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. / A.P. Savchenko, V.N. Lopatin, A.N. Zyryanov, M.N. Smirnov and others - Krasnoyarsk: Ed. Center of KrasSU, 2004. - 147 p.

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National parks of the Krasnoyarsk Territory names. Coursework: Reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Shushensky Bor National Park

Putoransky Reserve

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Introduction

1. Specially protected natural areas of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

2. Reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

2.1 Stolby State Nature Reserve

2.2 Sayano-Shushensky State Natural Biosphere Reserve

2.3 Taimyr State Natural Biosphere Reserve

2.4 Central Siberian State Natural Biosphere Reserve

2.5 Putorana Reserve

2.6 Large Arctic State Nature Reserve

2.7 Tunguska Reserve

2.8 Shushensky Bor National Park

2.9 Ergaki Nature Park

Bibliography

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